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3. Exome copy number variant detection, analysis, and classification in a large cohort of families with undiagnosed rare genetic disease.

Author

Lemire, Gabrielle, Sanchis-Juan, Alba, Russell, Kathryn, Baxter, Samantha, Chao, Katherine, Singer-Berk, Moriel, Groopman, Emily, Wong, Isaac, England, Eleina, Goodrich, Julia, Pais, Lynn, Austin-Tse, Christina, DiTroia, Stephanie, OHeir, Emily, Ganesh, Vijay, Wojcik, Monica, Evangelista, Emily, Snow, Hana, Osei-Owusu, Ikeoluwa, Fu, Jack, Singh, Mugdha, Mostovoy, Yulia, Huang, Steve, Garimella, Kiran, Kirkham, Samantha, Neil, Jennifer, Shao, Diane, Walsh, Christopher, Argilli, Emanuela, Le, Carolyn, Sherr, Elliott, Gleeson, Joseph, Shril, Shirlee, Schneider, Ronen, Hildebrandt, Friedhelm, Sankaran, Vijay, Madden, Jill, Genetti, Casie, Beggs, Alan, Agrawal, Pankaj, Bujakowska, Kinga, Place, Emily, Pierce, Eric, Donkervoort, Sandra, Bönnemann, Carsten, Gallacher, Lyndon, Stark, Zornitza, Tan, Tiong, White, Susan, Töpf, Ana, Straub, Volker, Fleming, Mark, Pollak, Martin, Õunap, Katrin, Pajusalu, Sander, Donald, Kirsten, Bruwer, Zandre, Ravenscroft, Gianina, Laing, Nigel, MacArthur, Daniel, Rehm, Heidi, Talkowski, Michael, Brand, Harrison, and ODonnell-Luria, Anne

Subjects
CNV, GATK-gCNV, copy number variant, diagnostic yield, exome, variant classification, Humans, DNA Copy Number Variations, Rare Diseases, Exome, Male, Female, Exome Sequencing, Cohort Studies, Genetic Testing
Abstract

Copy number variants (CNVs) are significant contributors to the pathogenicity of rare genetic diseases and, with new innovative methods, can now reliably be identified from exome sequencing. Challenges still remain in accurate classification of CNV pathogenicity. CNV calling using GATK-gCNV was performed on exomes from a cohort of 6,633 families (15,759 individuals) with heterogeneous phenotypes and variable prior genetic testing collected at the Broad Institute Center for Mendelian Genomics of the Genomics Research to Elucidate the Genetics of Rare Diseases consortium and analyzed using the seqr platform. The addition of CNV detection to exome analysis identified causal CNVs for 171 families (2.6%). The estimated sizes of CNVs ranged from 293 bp to 80 Mb. The causal CNVs consisted of 140 deletions, 15 duplications, 3 suspected complex structural variants (SVs), 3 insertions, and 10 complex SVs, the latter two groups being identified by orthogonal confirmation methods. To classify CNV variant pathogenicity, we used the 2020 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/ClinGen CNV interpretation standards and developed additional criteria to evaluate allelic and functional data as well as variants on the X chromosome to further advance the framework. We interpreted 151 CNVs as likely pathogenic/pathogenic and 20 CNVs as high-interest variants of uncertain significance. Calling CNVs from existing exome data increases the diagnostic yield for individuals undiagnosed after standard testing approaches, providing a higher-resolution alternative to arrays at a fraction of the cost of genome sequencing. Our improvements to the classification approach advances the systematic framework to assess the pathogenicity of CNVs.

Published
2024

4. Associations between community-level patterns of prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposure on brain structure in a non-clinical sample of 6-year-old children: a South African pilot study.

Author

Jonker, Deborah, Donald, Kirsten, Bodison, Stefanie, Brooks, Samantha, Kan, Eric, Steigelmann, Babette, Roos, Annerine, Marshall, Andrew, Adise, Shana, Butler-Kruger, Letitia, Melly, Brigitte, Narr, Katherine, Joshi, Shantanu, Odendaal, Hein, Sowell, Elizabeth, Stein, Dan, and Uban, Kristina

Subjects
brain structure, children, low-middle income country (LMIC), prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE), teratogen, Child, Pregnancy, Female, Humans, Child, Preschool, Pilot Projects, South Africa, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Abstract

The current small study utilised prospective data collection of patterns of prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposure (PAE and PTE) to examine associations with structural brain outcomes in 6-year-olds and served as a pilot to determine the value of prospective data describing community-level patterns of PAE and PTE in a non-clinical sample of children. Participants from the Safe Passage Study in pregnancy were approached when their child was ∼6 years old and completed structural brain magnetic resonance imaging to examine with archived PAE and PTE data (n = 51 children-mother dyads). Linear regression was used to conduct whole-brain structural analyses, with false-discovery rate (FDR) correction, to examine: (a) main effects of PAE, PTE and their interaction; and (b) predictive potential of data that reflect patterns of PAE and PTE (e.g. quantity, frequency and timing (QFT)). Associations between PAE, PTE and their interaction with brain structural measures demonstrated unique profiles of cortical and subcortical alterations that were distinct between PAE only, PTE only and their interactive effects. Analyses examining associations between patterns of PAE and PTE (e.g. QFT) were able to significantly detect brain alterations (that survived FDR correction) in this small non-clinical sample of children. These findings support the hypothesis that considering QFT and co-exposures is important for identifying brain alterations following PAE and/or PTE in a small group of young children. Current results demonstrate that teratogenic outcomes on brain structure differ as a function PAE, PTE or their co-exposures, as well as the pattern (QFT) or exposure.

Published
2024

7. A global multicohort study to map subcortical brain development and cognition in infancy and early childhood.

Author

Alex, Ann, Aguate, Fernando, Botteron, Kelly, Buss, Claudia, Chong, Yap-Seng, Dager, Stephen, Donald, Kirsten, Entringer, Sonja, Fair, Damien, Fortier, Marielle, Gaab, Nadine, Gilmore, John, Girault, Jessica, Graham, Alice, Groenewold, Nynke, Hazlett, Heather, Lin, Weili, Meaney, Michael, Piven, Joseph, Qiu, Anqi, Rasmussen, Jerod, Roos, Annerine, Schultz, Robert, Skeide, Michael, Stein, Dan, Styner, Martin, Thompson, Paul, Turesky, Ted, Wadhwa, Pathik, Zar, Heather, Zöllei, Lilla, de Los Campos, Gustavo, and Knickmeyer, Rebecca

Subjects
Male, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Child, Preschool, Child, Premature Birth, Cognition, Brain, Neuroimaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Abstract

The human brain grows quickly during infancy and early childhood, but factors influencing brain maturation in this period remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we harmonized data from eight diverse cohorts, creating one of the largest pediatric neuroimaging datasets to date focused on birth to 6 years of age. We mapped the developmental trajectory of intracranial and subcortical volumes in ∼2,000 children and studied how sociodemographic factors and adverse birth outcomes influence brain structure and cognition. The amygdala was the first subcortical volume to mature, whereas the thalamus exhibited protracted development. Males had larger brain volumes than females, and children born preterm or with low birthweight showed catch-up growth with age. Socioeconomic factors exerted region- and time-specific effects. Regarding cognition, males scored lower than females; preterm birth affected all developmental areas tested, and socioeconomic factors affected visual reception and receptive language. Brain-cognition correlations revealed region-specific associations.

Published
2024

8. StreamNet: A WAE for White Matter Streamline Analysis

Author

Lizarraga, Andrew, Narr, Katherine L., Donald, Kirsten A., and Joshi, Shantanu H.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract

We present StreamNet, an autoencoder architecture for the analysis of the highly heterogeneous geometry of large collections of white matter streamlines. This proposed framework takes advantage of geometry-preserving properties of the Wasserstein-1 metric in order to achieve direct encoding and reconstruction of entire bundles of streamlines. We show that the model not only accurately captures the distributive structures of streamlines in the population, but is also able to achieve superior reconstruction performance between real and synthetic streamlines. Experimental model performance is evaluated on white matter streamlines resulting from T1-weighted diffusion imaging of 40 healthy controls using recent state of the art bundle comparison metric that measures fiber-shape similarities.

Published
2022

9. Genetic Influences on the Developing Young Brain and Risk for Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Author

Alex, Ann M, Buss, Claudia, Davis, Elysia Poggi, de los Campos, Gustavo, Donald, Kirsten A, Fair, Damien A, Gaab, Nadine, Gao, Wei, Gilmore, John H, Girault, Jessica B, Grewen, Karen, Groenewold, Nynke A, Hankin, Benjamin L, Ipser, Jonathan, Kapoor, Shreya, Kim, Pilyoung, Lin, Weili, Luo, Shan, Norton, Elizabeth S, O’Connor, Thomas G, Piven, Joseph, Qiu, Anqi, Rasmussen, Jerod M, Skeide, Michael A, Stein, Dan J, Styner, Martin A, Thompson, Paul M, Wakschlag, Laurie, Knickmeyer, Rebecca, and group, for the ENIGMA ORIGINs

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Biological Psychology, Psychology, Pediatric Research Initiative, Genetic Testing, Brain Disorders, Clinical Research, Mental Health, Neurosciences, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Pediatric, Prevention, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Mental health, Neurological, Female, Pregnancy, Child, Preschool, Humans, Brain, Mental Disorders, Neuroimaging, Phenotype, ENIGMA ORIGINs group, Childhood, Imaging, Infant, Magnetic resonance imaging, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

Imaging genetics provides an opportunity to discern associations between genetic variants and brain imaging phenotypes. Historically, the field has focused on adults and adolescents; very few imaging genetics studies have focused on brain development in infancy and early childhood (from birth to age 6 years). This is an important knowledge gap because developmental changes in the brain during the prenatal and early postnatal period are regulated by dynamic gene expression patterns that likely play an important role in establishing an individual's risk for later psychiatric illness and neurodevelopmental disabilities. In this review, we summarize findings from imaging genetics studies spanning from early infancy to early childhood, with a focus on studies examining genetic risk for neuropsychiatric disorders. We also introduce the Organization for Imaging Genomics in Infancy (ORIGINs), a working group of the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) consortium, which was established to facilitate large-scale imaging genetics studies in infancy and early childhood.

Published
2023

10. Heterozygous UBR5 variants result in a neurodevelopmental syndrome with developmental delay, autism, and intellectual disability

Author

Sabeh, Pascale, Dumas, Samantha A., Maios, Claudia, Daghar, Hiba, Korzeniowski, Marek, Rousseau, Justine, Lines, Matthew, Guerin, Andrea, Millichap, John J., Landsverk, Megan, Grebe, Theresa, Lindstrom, Kristin, Strober, Jonathan, Ait Mouhoub, Tarik, Zweier, Christiane, Steinraths, Michelle, Hebebrand, Moritz, Callewaert, Bert, Abou Jamra, Rami, Kautza-Lucht, Monika, Wegler, Meret, Kruszka, Paul, Kumps, Candy, Banne, Ehud, Waberski, Marta Biderman, Dieux, Anne, Raible, Sarah, Krantz, Ian, Medne, Livija, Pechter, Kieran, Villard, Laurent, Guerrini, Renzo, Bianchini, Claudia, Barba, Carmen, Mei, Davide, Blanc, Xavier, Kallay, Christine, Ranza, Emmanuelle, Yang, Xiao-Ru, O'Heir, Emily, Donald, Kirsten A., Murugasen, Serini, Bruwer, Zandre, Calikoglu, Muge, Mathews, Jennifer M., Lesieur-Sebellin, Marion, Baujat, Geneviève, Derive, Nicolas, Pierson, Tyler Mark, Murrell, Jill R., Shillington, Amelle, Ormieres, Clothilde, Rondeau, Sophie, Reis, André, Fernandez-Jaen, Alberto, Au, Ping Yee Billie, Sweetser, David A., Briere, Lauren C., Couque, Nathalie, Perrin, Laurence, Schymick, Jennifer, Gueguen, Paul, Lefebvre, Mathilde, Van Andel, Michael, Juusola, Jane, Antonarakis, Stylianos E., Parker, J. Alex, Burnett, Barrington G., and Campeau, Philippe M.

Published
2025
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12. Validity of the SNAP-IV for ADHD Assessment in South African Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Author

Zieff, Michal R., Hoogenhout, Michelle, Eastman, Emma, Christ, Björn U., Galvin, Alice, de Menil, Victoria, Abubakar, Amina, Newton, Charles R., Robinson, Elise, and Donald, Kirsten A.

Abstract

This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham ADHD Rating Scale (SNAP-IV) in a sample of South African children with neurodevelopmental disorders (n = 201), primarily Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability. We conducted a confirmatory factor analysis to inspect the two-factor structure of the SNAP-IV. We also calculated ordinal coefficient alpha to estimate internal consistency. Fit statistics for the two-factor model approached acceptable levels. The model fit improved slightly after removing an item related to spoken language. The subscales had acceptable internal consistencies. Findings partially support the use of the SNAP-IV in this group of children. However, there are limitations to its performance in this population likely related to the presence of neurodevelopmental disorders.

Published
2023
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13. Contextualizing the impact of prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposure on neurodevelopment in a South African birth cohort: an analysis from the socioecological perspective.

Author

Xia, Yingjing, Rebello, Vida, Bodison, Stefanie, Jonker, Deborah, Steigelmann, Babette, Donald, Kirsten, Charles, Weslin, Stein, Dan, Ipser, Jonathan, Ahmadi, Hedyeh, Kan, Eric, Sowell, Elizabeth, Narr, Katherine, Joshi, Shantanu, Odendaal, Hein, and Uban, Kristina

Subjects
adverse childhood experiences, neurodevelopment, prenatal alcohol exposure, prenatal substance exposure, prenatal tobacco exposure, socioeconomic resources
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Alcohol and tobacco are known teratogens. Historically, more severe prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) have been examined as the principal predictor of neurodevelopmental alterations, with little incorporation of lower doses or ecological contextual factors that can also impact neurodevelopment, such as socioeconomic resources (SER) or adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Here, a novel analytical approach informed by a socio-ecological perspective was used to examine the associations between SER, PAE and/or PTE, and ACEs, and their effects on neurodevelopment. METHODS: N = 313 mother-child dyads were recruited from a prospective birth cohort with maternal report of PAE and PTE, and cross-sectional structural brain neuroimaging of child acquired via 3T scanner at ages 8-11 years. In utero SER was measured by maternal education, household income, and home utility availability. The childs ACEs were measured by self-report assisted by the researcher. PAE was grouped into early exposure (=12 weeks), and no exposure controls. PTE was grouped into exposed and non-exposed controls. RESULTS: Greater access to SER during pregnancy was associated with fewer ACEs (maternal education: β = -0.293,p = 0.01; phone access: β = -0.968,p = 0.05). PTE partially mediated the association between SER and ACEs, where greater SER reduced the likelihood of PTE, which was positively associated with ACEs (β = 1.110,p = 0.01). SER was associated with alterations in superior frontal (β = -1336.036, q = 0.046), lateral orbitofrontal (β = -513.865, q = 0.046), caudal anterior cingulate volumes (β = -222.982, q = 0.046), with access to phone negatively associated with all three brain volumes. Access to water was positively associated with superior frontal volume (β=1569.527, q = 0.013). PTE was associated with smaller volumes of lateral orbitofrontal (β = -331.000, q = 0.033) and nucleus accumbens regions (β = -34.800, q = 0.033). CONCLUSION: Research on neurodevelopment following community-levels of PAE and PTE should more regularly consider the ecological context to accelerate understanding of teratogenic outcomes. Further research is needed to replicate this novel conceptual approach with varying PAE and PTE patterns, to disentangle the interplay between dose, community-level and individual-level risk factors on neurodevelopment.

Published
2023

15. The impact of prenatal alcohol and/or tobacco exposure on brain structure in a large sample of children from a South African birth cohort.

Author

Marshall, Andrew, Bodison, Stefanie, Uban, Kristina, Adise, Shana, Jonker, Deborah, Charles, Weslin, Donald, Kirsten, Kan, Eric, Ipser, Jonathan, Butler-Kruger, Letitia, Steigelmann, Babette, Narr, Katherine, Joshi, Shantanu, Brink, Lucy, Odendaal, Hein, Scheffler, Freda, Stein, Dan, and Sowell, Elizabeth

Subjects
South Africa, alcohol use, neuroimaging, prenatal exposure delayed effects, tobacco use, Child, Humans, Female, Pregnancy, Nicotiana, South Africa, Birth Cohort, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Brain, Ethanol
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Neuroimaging studies have emphasized the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on brain development, traditionally in heavily exposed participants. However, less is known about how naturally occurring community patterns of PAE (including light to moderate exposure) affect brain development, particularly in consideration of commonly occurring concurrent impacts of prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE). METHODS: Three hundred thirty-two children (ages 8 to 12) living in South Africas Cape Flats townships underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging. During pregnancy, their mothers reported alcohol and tobacco use, which was used to evaluate PAE and PTE effects on their childrens brain structure. Analyses involved the main effects of PAE and PTE (and their interaction) and the effects of PAE and PTE quantity on cortical thickness, surface area, and volume. RESULTS: After false-discovery rate (FDR) correction, PAE was associated with thinner left parahippocampal cortices, while PTE was associated with smaller cortical surface area in the bilateral pericalcarine, left lateral orbitofrontal, right posterior cingulate, right rostral anterior cingulate, left caudal middle frontal, and right caudal anterior cingulate gyri. There were no PAE × PTE interactions nor any associations of PAE and PTE exposure on volumetrics that survived FDR correction. CONCLUSION: PAE was associated with reduction in the structure of the medial temporal lobe, a brain region critical for learning and memory. PTE had stronger and broader associations, including with regions associated with executive function, reward processing, and emotional regulation, potentially reflecting continued postnatal exposure to tobacco (i.e., second-hand smoke exposure). These differential effects are discussed with respect to reduced PAE quantity in our exposed group versus prior studies within this geographical location, the deep poverty in which participants live, and the consequences of apartheid and racially and economically driven payment practices that contributed to heavy drinking in the region. Longer-term follow-up is needed to determine potential environmental and other moderators of the brain findings here and assess the extent to which they endure over time.

Published
2022

16. Heterozygous variants in MYH10 associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and congenital anomalies with evidence for primary cilia-dependent defects in Hedgehog signaling.

Author

Holtz, Alexander, VanCoillie, Rachel, Vansickle, Elizabeth, Carere, Deanna, Withrow, Kara, Torti, Erin, Juusola, Jane, Millan, Francisca, Person, Richard, Guillen Sacoto, Maria, Si, Yue, Wentzensen, Ingrid, Pugh, Jada, Vasileiou, Georgia, Rieger, Melissa, Reis, André, Aldinger, Kimberly, Dobyns, William, Brunet, Theresa, Hoefele, Julia, Wagner, Matias, Haber, Benjamin, Kotzaeridou, Urania, Keren, Boris, Heron, Delphine, Mignot, Cyril, Heide, Solveig, Courtin, Thomas, Buratti, Julien, Murugasen, Serini, Donald, Kirsten, OHeir, Emily, Moody, Shade, Kim, Katherine, Burton, Barbara, Yoon, Grace, Campo, Miguel, Masser-Frye, Diane, Kozenko, Mariya, Parkinson, Christina, Sell, Susan, Gordon, Patricia, Prokop, Jeremy, Karaa, Amel, Bupp, Caleb, Raby, Benjamin, Sherr, Elliott, and Argilli, Emanuela

Subjects
Hedgehog signaling, MYH10, Neurodevelopmental disorder, Nonmuscle myosin, Primary cilia, Actins, Cilia, Hedgehog Proteins, Humans, Myosin Heavy Chains, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIB
Abstract

PURPOSE: Nonmuscle myosin II complexes are master regulators of actin dynamics that play essential roles during embryogenesis with vertebrates possessing 3 nonmuscle myosin II heavy chain genes, MYH9, MYH10, and MYH14. As opposed to MYH9 and MYH14, no recognizable disorder has been associated with MYH10. We sought to define the clinical characteristics and molecular mechanism of a novel autosomal dominant disorder related to MYH10. METHODS: An international collaboration identified the patient cohort. CAS9-mediated knockout cell models were used to explore the mechanism of disease pathogenesis. RESULTS: We identified a cohort of 16 individuals with heterozygous MYH10 variants presenting with a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders and variable congenital anomalies that affect most organ systems and were recapitulated in animal models of altered MYH10 activity. Variants were typically de novo missense changes with clustering observed in the motor domain. MYH10 knockout cells showed defects in primary ciliogenesis and reduced ciliary length with impaired Hedgehog signaling. MYH10 variant overexpression produced a dominant-negative effect on ciliary length. CONCLUSION: These data presented a novel genetic cause of isolated and syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders related to heterozygous variants in the MYH10 gene with implications for disrupted primary cilia length control and altered Hedgehog signaling in disease pathogenesis.

Published
2022

17. Atypical Brain Aging and Its Association With Working Memory Performance in Major Depressive Disorder

Author

Adamson, Chris, Adler, Sophie, Alexander-Bloch, Aaron F., Anagnostou, Evdokia, Anderson, Kevin M., Areces-Gonzalez, Ariosky, Astle, Duncan E., Auyeung, Bonnie, Ayub, Muhammad, Bae, Jong Bin, Ball, Gareth, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Beare, Richard, Bedford, Saashi A., Benegal, Vivek, Bethlehem, Richard A.I., Beyer, Frauke, Blangero, John, Cábez, Manuel Blesa, Boardman, James P., Borzage, Matthew, Bosch-Bayard, Jorge F., Bourke, Niall, Bullmore, Edward T., Calhoun, Vince D., Chakravarty, Mallar M., Chen, Christina, Chertavian, Casey, Chetelat, Gaël, Chong, Yap S., Corvin, Aiden, Costantino, Manuela, Courchesne, Eric, Crivello, Fabrice, Cropley, Vanessa L., Crosbie, Jennifer, Crossley, Nicolas, Delarue, Marion, Delorme, Richard, Desrivieres, Sylvane, Devenyi, Gabriel, Di Biase, Maria A., Dolan, Ray, Donald, Kirsten A., Donohoe, Gary, Dorfschmidt, Lena, Dunlop, Katharine, Edwards, Anthony D., Elison, Jed T., Ellis, Cameron T., Elman, Jeremy A., Eyler, Lisa, Fair, Damien A., Fletcher, Paul C., Fonagy, Peter, Franz, Carol E., Galan-Garcia, Lidice, Gholipour, Ali, Giedd, Jay, Gilmore, John H., Glahn, David C., Goodyer, Ian M., Grant, P.E., Groenewold, Nynke A., Gudapati, Shreya, Gunning, Faith M., Gur, Raquel E., Gur, Ruben C., Hammill, Christopher F., Hansson, Oskar, Hedden, Trey, Heinz, Andreas, Henson, Richard N., Heuer, Katja, Hoare, Jacqueline, Holla, Bharath, Holmes, Avram J., Huang, Hao, Ipser, Jonathan, Jack, Clifford R., Jr., Jackowski, Andrea P., Jia, Tianye, Jones, David T., Jones, Peter B., Kahn, Rene S., Karlsson, Hasse, Karlsson, Linnea, Kawashima, Ryuta, Kelley, Elizabeth A., Kern, Silke, Kim, Ki-Woong, Kitzbichler, Manfred G., Kremen, William S., Lalonde, François, Landeau, Brigitte, Lerch, Jason, Lewis, John D., Li, Jiao, Liao, Wei, Liston, Conor, Lombardo, Michael V., Lv, Jinglei, Mallard, Travis T., Marcelis, Machteld, Mathias, Samuel R., Mazoyer, Bernard, McGuire, Philip, Meaney, Michael J., Mechelli, Andrea, Misic, Bratislav, Morgan, Sarah E., Mothersill, David, Ortinau, Cynthia, Ossenkoppele, Rik, Ouyang, Minhui, Palaniyappan, Lena, Paly, Leo, Pan, Pedro M., Pantelis, Christos, Park, Min Tae M., Paus, Tomas, Pausova, Zdenka, Paz-Linares, Deirel, Binette, Alexa Pichet, Pierce, Karen, Qian, Xing, Qiu, Anqi, Raznahan, Armin, Rittman, Timothy, Rodrigue, Amanda, Rollins, Caitlin K., Romero-Garcia, Rafael, Ronan, Lisa, Rosenberg, Monica D., Rowitch, David H., Salum, Giovanni A., Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Schaare, H. Lina, Schabdach, Jenna, Schachar, Russell J., Schöll, Michael, Schultz, Aaron P., Seidlitz, Jakob, Sharp, David, Shinohara, Russell T., Skoog, Ingmar, Smyser, Christopher D., Sperling, Reisa A., Stein, Dan J., Stolicyn, Aleks, Suckling, John, Sullivan, Gemma, Thyreau, Benjamin, Toro, Roberto, Traut, Nicolas, Tsvetanov, Kamen A., Turk-Browne, Nicholas B., Tuulari, Jetro J., Tzourio, Christophe, Vachon-Presseau, Étienne, Valdes-Sosa, Mitchell J., Valdes-Sosa, Pedro A., Valk, Sofie L., van Amelsvoort, Therese, Vandekar, Simon N., Vasung, Lana, Vértes, Petra E., Victoria, Lindsay W., Villeneuve, Sylvia, Villringer, Arno, Vogel, Jacob W., Wagstyl, Konrad, Wang, Yin-Shan S., Warfield, Simon K., Warrier, Varun, Westman, Eric, Westwater, Margaret L., Whalley, Heather C., White, Simon R., Witte, A. Veronica, Yang, Ning, Yeo, B.T. Thomas, Yun, Hyuk Jin, Zalesky, Andrew, Zar, Heather J., Zettergren, Anna, Zhou, Juan H., Ziauddeen, Hisham, Zimmerman, Dabriel, Zugman, Andre, Zuo, Xi-Nian N., Ho, Natalie C.W., Nogovitsyn, Nikita, Metzak, Paul, Ballester, Pedro L., Hassel, Stefanie, Rotzinger, Susan, Poppenk, Jordan, Lam, Raymond W., Taylor, Valerie H., Milev, Roumen, Frey, Benicio N., Harkness, Kate L., Addington, Jean, and Kennedy, Sidney H.

Published
2024
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19. Evaluating a novel high-density EEG sensor net structure for improving inclusivity in infants with curly or tightly coiled hair

Author

Mlandu, Nwabisa, McCormick, Sarah A., Davel, Lauren, Zieff, Michal R., Bradford, Layla, Herr, Donna, Jacobs, Chloë A., Khumalo, Anele, Knipe, Candice, Madi, Zamazimba, Mazubane, Thandeka, Methola, Bokang, Mhlakwaphalwa, Tembeka, Miles, Marlie, Nabi, Zayaan Goolam, Negota, Rabelani, Nkubungu, Khanyisa, Pan, Tracy, Samuels, Reese, Williams, Sadeeka, Williams, Simone R., Avery, Trey, Foster, Gaynor, Donald, Kirsten A., and Gabard-Durnam, Laurel J.

Published
2024
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20. Genes To Mental Health (G2MH): A Framework to Map the Combined Effects of Rare and Common Variants on Dimensions of Cognition and Psychopathology

Author

Jacquemont, Sébastien, Huguet, Guillaume, Klein, Marieke, Chawner, Samuel JRA, Donald, Kirsten A, van den Bree, Marianne BM, Sebat, Jonathan, Ledbetter, David H, Constantino, John N, Earl, Rachel K, McDonald-McGinn, Donna M, van Amelsvoort, Therese, Swillen, Ann, O’Donnell-Luria, Anne H, Glahn, David C, Almasy, Laura, Eichler, Evan E, Scherer, Stephen W, Robinson, Elise, Bassett, Anne S, Martin, Christa Lese, Finucane, Brenda, Vorstman, Jacob AS, Bearden, Carrie E, and Gur, Raquel E

Subjects
Clinical and Health Psychology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Psychology, Behavioral and Social Science, Biotechnology, Human Genome, Brain Disorders, Mental Health, Genetics, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Cognition, Humans, Mental Disorders, Psychiatry, Psychopathology, Genes to Mental Health Network, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Diagnosis and Classification, Genetics/Genomics, Intellectual Disabilities, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Clinical sciences, Clinical and health psychology
Abstract

Rare genomic disorders (RGDs) confer elevated risk for neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders. In this era of intense genomics discoveries, the landscape of RGDs is rapidly evolving. However, there has not been comparable progress to date in scalable, harmonized phenotyping methods. As a result, beyond associations with categorical diagnoses, the effects on dimensional traits remain unclear for many RGDs. The nature and specificity of RGD effects on cognitive and behavioral traits is an area of intense investigation: RGDs are frequently associated with more than one psychiatric condition, and those studied to date affect, to varying degrees, a broad range of developmental and cognitive functions. Although many RGDs have large effects, phenotypic expression is typically influenced by additional genomic and environmental factors. There is emerging evidence that using polygenic risk scores in individuals with RGDs offers opportunities to refine prediction, thus allowing for the identification of those at greatest risk of psychiatric illness. However, translation into the clinic is hindered by roadblocks, which include limited genetic testing in clinical psychiatry, and the lack of guidelines for following individuals with RGDs, who are at high risk of developing psychiatric symptoms. The Genes to Mental Health Network (G2MH) is a newly funded National Institute of Mental Health initiative that will collect, share, and analyze large-scale data sets combining genomics and dimensional measures of psychopathology spanning diverse populations and geography. The authors present here the most recent understanding of the effects of RGDs on dimensional behavioral traits and risk for psychiatric conditions and discuss strategies that will be pursued within the G2MH network, as well as how expected results can be translated into clinical practice to improve patient outcomes.

Published
2022

34. Pupillary and Attentional Responses to Infant Facial Expressions in Mothers across Socioeconomic Variations

Author

Yrttiaho, Santeri, Bruwer, Belinda, Zar, Heather J., Donald, Kirsten A, Malcolm-Smith, Susan, Ginton, Lee, Hoffman, Nadia, Vuong, Eileen, Niehaus, Dana, Leppänen, Jukka M., and Stein, Dan J.

Abstract

Maternal responses to infant facial expressions were examined in two socioeconomically diverse samples of South African mothers (Study I, N = 111; and Study II, N = 214; age: 17-44 years) using pupil and gaze tracking. Study I showed increased pupil response to infant distress expressions in groups recruited from private as compared to public maternity clinics, possibly reflecting underlying differences in socioeconomic status (SES) across the groups. Study II, sampling uniformly low-SES neighborhoods, found increased pupil dilation and faster orientation to expressions of infant distress, but only in the highest income group. These results are consistent with maternal physiological and attentional sensitivity to infant distress cues but challenge the universality of this sensitivity across socioeconomic diversity.

Published
2021
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39. Phenotypic expansion of CACNA1C-associated disorders to include isolated neurological manifestations

Author

Rodan, Lance H., Spillmann, Rebecca C., Kurata, Harley T., Lamothe, Shawn M., Maghera, Jasmine, Jamra, Rami Abou, Alkelai, Anna, Antonarakis, Stylianos E., Atallah, Isis, Bar-Yosef, Omer, Bilan, Frédéric, Bjorgo, Kathrine, Blanc, Xavier, Van Bogaert, Patrick, Bolkier, Yoav, Burrage, Lindsay C., Christ, Björn U., Granadillo, Jorge L., Dickson, Patricia, Donald, Kirsten A., Dubourg, Christèle, Eliyahu, Aviva, Emrick, Lisa, Engleman, Kendra, Gonfiantini, Michaela Veronika, Good, Jean-Marc, Kalser, Judith, Kloeckner, Chiara, Lachmeijer, Guus, Macchiaiolo, Marina, Nicita, Francesco, Odent, Sylvie, O’Heir, Emily, Ortiz-Gonzalez, Xilma, Pacio-Miguez, Marta, Palomares-Bralo, María, Pena, Loren, Platzer, Konrad, Quinodoz, Mathieu, Ranza, Emmanuelle, Rosenfeld, Jill A., Roulet-Perez, Eliane, Santani, Avni, Santos-Simarro, Fernando, Pode-Shakked, Ben, Skraban, Cara, Slaugh, Rachel, Superti-Furga, Andrea, Thiffault, Isabelle, van Jaabrsveld, Richard H., Vincent, Marie, Wang, Hong-Gang, Zacher, Pia, Alejandro, Mercedes E., Azamian, Mahshid S., Bacino, Carlos A., Balasubramanyam, Ashok, Chao, Hsiao-Tuan, Clark, Gary D., Craigen, William J., Dai, Hongzheng, Dhar, Shweta U., Emrick, Lisa T., Goldman, Alica M., Hanchard, Neil A., Jamal, Fariha, Karaviti, Lefkothea, Lalani, Seema R., Lee, Brendan H., Lewis, Richard A., Marom, Ronit, Moretti, Paolo M., Murdock, David R., Nicholas, Sarah K., Orengo, James P., Posey, Jennifer E., Potocki, Lorraine, Samson, Susan L., Scott, Daryl A., Tran, Alyssa A., Vogel, Tiphanie P., Wangler, Michael F., Yamamoto, Shinya, Eng, Christine M., Liu, Pengfei, Ward, Patricia A., Behrens, Edward, Deardorff, Matthew, Falk, Marni, Hassey, Kelly, Sullivan, Kathleen, Vanderver, Adeline, Goldstein, David B., Cope, Heidi, McConkie-Rosell, Allyn, Schoch, Kelly, Shashi, Vandana, Smith, Edward C., Sullivan, Jennifer A., Tan, Queenie K.-G., Walley, Nicole M., Agrawal, Pankaj B., Beggs, Alan H., Berry, Gerard T., Briere, Lauren C., Cobban, Laurel A., Coggins, Matthew, Cooper, Cynthia M., Fieg, Elizabeth L., High, Frances, Holm, Ingrid A., Korrick, Susan, Krier, Joel B., Lincoln, Sharyn A., Loscalzo, Joseph, Maas, Richard L., MacRae, Calum A., Pallais, J. Carl, Rao, Deepak A., Silverman, Edwin K., Stoler, Joan M., Sweetser, David A., Walker, Melissa, Walsh, Chris A., Esteves, Cecilia, Kelley, Emily G., Kohane, Isaac S., LeBlanc, Kimberly, McCray, Alexa T., Nagy, Anna, Dasari, Surendra, Lanpher, Brendan C., Lanza, Ian R., Morava, Eva, Oglesbee, Devin, Bademci, Guney, Barbouth, Deborah, Bivona, Stephanie, Carrasquillo, Olveen, Chang, Ta Chen Peter, Forghani, Irman, Grajewski, Alana, Isasi, Rosario, Lam, Byron, Levitt, Roy, Liu, Xue Zhong, McCauley, Jacob, Sacco, Ralph, Saporta, Mario, Schaechter, Judy, Tekin, Mustafa, Telischi, Fred, Thorson, Willa, Zuchner, Stephan, Colley, Heather A., Dayal, Jyoti G., Eckstein, David J., Findley, Laurie C., Krasnewich, Donna M., Mamounas, Laura A., Manolio, Teri A., Mulvihill, John J., LaMoure, Grace L., Goldrich, Madison P., Urv, Tiina K., Doss, Argenia L., Acosta, Maria T., Bonnenmann, Carsten, D’Souza, Precilla, Draper, David D., Ferreira, Carlos, Godfrey, Rena A., Groden, Catherine A., Macnamara, Ellen F., Maduro, Valerie V., Markello, Thomas C., Nath, Avi, Novacic, Donna, Pusey, Barbara N., Toro, Camilo, Wahl, Colleen E., Baker, Eva, Burke, Elizabeth A., Adams, David R., Gahl, William A., Malicdan, May Christine V., Tifft, Cynthia J., Wolfe, Lynne A., Yang, John, Power, Bradley, Gochuico, Bernadette, Huryn, Laryssa, Latham, Lea, Davis, Joie, Mosbrook-Davis, Deborah, Rossignol, Francis, Ben Solomon, MacDowall, John, Thurm, Audrey, Zein, Wadih, Yousef, Muhammad, Adam, Margaret, Amendola, Laura, Bamshad, Michael, Beck, Anita, Bennett, Jimmy, Berg-Rood, Beverly, Blue, Elizabeth, Boyd, Brenna, Byers, Peter, Chanprasert, Sirisak, Cunningham, Michael, Dipple, Katrina, Doherty, Daniel, Earl, Dawn, Glass, Ian, Golden-Grant, Katie, Hahn, Sihoun, Hing, Anne, Hisama, Fuki M., Horike-Pyne, Martha, Jarvik, Gail P., Jarvik, Jeffrey, Jayadev, Suman, Lam, Christina, Maravilla, Kenneth, Mefford, Heather, Merritt, J. Lawrence, Mirzaa, Ghayda, Nickerson, Deborah, Raskind, Wendy, Rosenwasser, Natalie, Scott, C. Ron, Sun, Angela, Sybert, Virginia, Wallace, Stephanie, Wener, Mark, Wenger, Tara, Ashley, Euan A., Bejerano, Gill, Bernstein, Jonathan A., Bonner, Devon, Coakley, Terra R., Fernandez, Liliana, Fisher, Paul G., Fresard, Laure, Hom, Jason, Huang, Yong, Kohler, Jennefer N., Kravets, Elijah, Majcherska, Marta M., Martin, Beth A., Marwaha, Shruti, McCormack, Colleen E., Raja, Archana N., Reuter, Chloe M., Ruzhnikov, Maura, Sampson, Jacinda B., Smith, Kevin S., Sutton, Shirley, Tabor, Holly K., Tucker, Brianna M., Wheeler, Matthew T., Zastrow, Diane B., Zhao, Chunli, Byrd, William E., Crouse, Andrew B., Might, Matthew, Nakano-Okuno, Mariko, Whitlock, Jordan, Brown, Gabrielle, Butte, Manish J., Dell’Angelica, Esteban C., Dorrani, Naghmeh, Douine, Emilie D., Fogel, Brent L., Gutierrez, Irma, Huang, Alden, Krakow, Deborah, Lee, Hane, Loo, Sandra K., Mak, Bryan C., Martin, Martin G., Martínez-Agosto, Julian A., McGee, Elisabeth, Nelson, Stanley F., Nieves-Rodriguez, Shirley, Palmer, Christina G.S., Papp, Jeanette C., Parker, Neil H., Renteria, Genecee, Signer, Rebecca H., Sinsheimer, Janet S., Wan, Jijun, Wang, Lee-kai, Perry, Katherine Wesseling, Woods, Jeremy D., Alvey, Justin, Andrews, Ashley, Bale, Jim, Bohnsack, John, Botto, Lorenzo, Carey, John, Pace, Laura, Longo, Nicola, Marth, Gabor, Moretti, Paolo, Quinlan, Aaron, Velinder, Matt, Viskochil, Dave, Bayrak-Toydemir, Pinar, Mao, Rong, Westerfield, Monte, Bican, Anna, Brokamp, Elly, Duncan, Laura, Hamid, Rizwan, Kennedy, Jennifer, Kozuira, Mary, Newman, John H., PhillipsIII, John A., Rives, Lynette, Robertson, Amy K., Solem, Emily, Cogan, Joy D., Cole, F. Sessions, Hayes, Nichole, Kiley, Dana, Sisco, Kathy, Wambach, Jennifer, Wegner, Daniel, Baldridge, Dustin, Pak, Stephen, Schedl, Timothy, Shin, Jimann, Solnica-Krezel, Lilianna, Rush, Eric, Pitt, Geoffrey S., and Au, Ping Yee Billie

Published
2021
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43. Prenatal tobacco and alcohol exposure, white matter microstructure, and early language skills in toddlers from a South African birth cohort.

Author

Scholten, Chloe, Ghasoub, Mohammad, Geeraert, Bryce, Joshi, Shantanu, Wedderburn, Catherine J., Roos, Annerine, Subramoney, Sivenesi, Homan, Nadia, Narr, Katherine, Woods, Roger, Zar, Heather J., Stein, Dan J., Donald, Kirsten, and Lebel, Catherine

Subjects
PRENATAL alcohol exposure, SUBSTANCE abuse in pregnancy, PRENATAL exposure, DIFFUSION magnetic resonance imaging, WHITE matter (Nerve tissue)
Abstract

Introduction: Tobacco and alcohol are the two most common substances used during pregnancy, and both can disrupt neurodevelopment, resulting in cognitive and behavioral deficits including language difficulties. Previous studies show that children with prenatal substance exposure exhibit microstructural alterations in major white matter pathways, though few studies have investigated the impact of prenatal substance exposure on white matter microstructure and language skills during the toddler years. Methods: In this study, 93 children (34 exposed to alcohol and/or tobacco) aged 23 years from the Drakenstein Child Health Study, South Africa, completed Expressive and Receptive Communication assessments from the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID-III) and underwent diffusion MRI scans. Diffusion images were preprocessed, and 11 major white matter tracts were isolated. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were extracted for each white matter tract. Linear regression was used to examine differences between the tobacco/alcohol exposed group and unexposed controls for FA, MD, and language scores, as well as relationships between brain metrics and language. There were no significant group differences in language scores or FA. Results: Children with alcohol or tobacco exposure had lower average MD in the splenium of the corpus callosum compared to unexposed controls. Significant interactions between prenatal substance exposure and language scores were seen in 7 tracts but did not survive multiple comparisons correction. Discussion: Our findings show that prenatal alcohol and/or tobacco exposure appear to alter the relationship between white matter microstructure and early language skills in this population of toddlers, potentially laying the basis of language deficits observed later in older children with prenatal substance exposure, which may have implications for learning and interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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44. Variables included in cerebral palsy registries globally: A scoping review.

Author

Katangwe, Thembi J., Kruger, Mariana, Chimowa, Takondwa, Maposa, Innocent, Van Toorn, Ronald, Solomons, Regan, and Donald, Kirsten A.

Abstract

Aim: To identify cerebral palsy (CP) variables collected in CP registries from high‐income countries (HICs) and low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) to assist with the development of a regional CP registry relevant to the African region. Method: A systematic search of online databases to identify peer‐reviewed publications and grey literature about CP risk‐factor variables, using Ovid MEDLINE, Embase Ovid, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. Results: A total of 197 studies published from global CP registries between 1990 and 2023 were identified. CP registries both from HICs and from LMICs included variables on prenatal CP risk factors. LMIC registries focused more on socioeconomic factors (the physical structure of the family home [21.1%, n = 8, in LMICs vs 1.7%, n = 2, in HICs]). Prenatal modifiable and non‐modifiable risk factors were emphasized in HICs. LMIC registries included more postnatal CP risk‐factor variables than HIC registries, including history of postnatal jaundice (15.8%, n = 6, in LMICs vs 6.9%, n = 8, in HICs) and postnatal head trauma (10.5%, n = 4, in LMICs vs 5.2%, n = 6, in HICs). Interpretation: CP registries are currently more available in HICs than in LMICs. Differences in CP risk factors account for most of the differences in variables included in HICs and LMICs. Comparing variables used by CP registries in HICs and LMICs suggests the importance of understanding contextually relevant factors for regional registry design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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46. Associations Between Prenatal Exposure to Maternal Diabetes and Obesity and Newborn Subcortical Volumes

Author

Luo, Shan, primary, Alex, Ann, additional, Rasmussen, Jerod, additional, Tuulari, Jetro J., additional, Sigurðardottir, Julie, additional, Buss, Claudia, additional, Donald, Kirsten A., additional, Edwards, David, additional, Gilmore, John, additional, Karlsson, Hasse, additional, Stein, Dan J., additional, Styner, Martin, additional, Campos, Gustavo de los, additional, Thompson, Paul M., additional, and Knickmeyer, Rebecca, additional

Published
2024
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47. Morphometric Integration of Brain Networks in Young Children Exposed to Maternal Depression in a South African Birth Cohort

Author

Groenewold, Nynke A., primary, Bethlehem, Richard A.I., additional, Amod, Alyssa R., additional, Nwosu, Emmanuel C., additional, Mberi, Farai, additional, Wedderburn, Catherine J., additional, Pellowski, Jennifer A., additional, Roos, Annerine, additional, Zar, Heather J., additional, Donald, Kirsten A., additional, Stein, Dan J., additional, and Ipser, Jonathan C., additional

Published
2024
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48. Persistent Impact of Antenatal Maternal Anaemia on Child Brain Structure at 6-7 Years of Age: A South African Child Health Study

Author

Ringshaw, Jessica E., primary, Hendrikse, Chanelle, additional, Wedderburn, Catherine J., additional, Bradford, Layla E., additional, Williams, Simone R., additional, Nyakonda, Charmaine N., additional, Subramoney, Sivenesi, additional, Lake, Marilyn T., additional, Burd, Tiffany, additional, Hoffman, Nadia, additional, Roos, Annerine, additional, Narr, Katherine L., additional, Joshi, Shantanu H., additional, Williams, Steven C.R., additional, Zar, Heather J., additional, Stein, Dan J., additional, and Donald, Kirsten A., additional

Published
2024
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49. Language outcomes of preschool children who are HIV-exposed uninfected: An analysis of a South African cohort

Author

Green, Freddy, primary, du Plooy, Christopher, additional, Rehman, Andrea M., additional, Nhapi, Raymond T., additional, Lake, Marilyn T., additional, Barnett, Whitney, additional, Hoffman, Nadia, additional, Zar, Heather J., additional, Donald, Kirsten A., additional, Stein, Dan J., additional, and Wedderburn, Catherine J., additional

Published
2024
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