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There is a great interest in biofuels production as an alternative and potentially renewable fuel. This study analyzed the rate of scientific publications related to the biofuels such as biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas, biohydrogen and wood pellets using the Logistic and Gompertz models to quantitatively describe the publications growth. The models showed fit to the biofuels growth data as indicated by the determination coefficient. China was the most productive country with publications of biohydrogen, bioethanol, biodiesel and biogas. Overall, research on the topic of biofuels, biohydrogen and bioethanol are increasing with a rate of publications greater than 0.26 years-1. From 2003 there was growth in the rate of publications of each biofuel evaluated in this work.

The aim of this article is to provide a comparative analysis regarding the production of the scientific research of biorefineries in India using Web of Science and Scopus databases. The rate of growth of publications, production, citation, correlation and overlap between databases, authors, journals and universities has been analyzed. The results of both databases show exponential growth of publications in India from 2015-2020 on the topic of biorefineries. The index of citations per document is similar in WoS and Scopus. The correlation of citations was found to be high between databases used. Most Indian authors publish in quartile 1 (Q1) journals. Most of the published documents are review and the highest number of citations were found in the journal "Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews". Both databases present a series of publications on the topic of biorefinery by authors from India, the difference between the databases lies in the indexing criteria and the updating of the journals.

La pandemia se convirtió en un gran desafío para muchos aspectos de la vida, el desempeño económico no es la excepción. Existe evidencia de que disminuyó la Población Económicamente Activa Ocupada (PEAO) en México como efecto del Covid-19, sin embargo, se desconoce el comportamiento de los ingresos de la Población Económicamente Activa (PEA) que se mantuvo ocupada. En este contexto, el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el comportamiento de los ingresos de la PEAO por cada sector de actividad en México durante la pandemia por Covid-19. Como metodología se utilizó el modelo de salarios de Mincer y se observó la tasa de crecimiento de los ingresos. Los resultados muestran que la PEAO que labora en los sectores de "Agricultura, ganadería, aprovechamiento forestal, pesca y caza" y "Minería", sufrieron la mayor disminución en sus ingresos. Finalmente, se concluye que el Covid-19 provocó la disminución de la PEAO en México, pero además la disminución de los ingresos de aquellas personas que han mantenido sus empleos.

The global biofuels have attracted a lot of attention because of their potential as a clean and renewable source of energy. The bibliometric method has been used for providing quantitative assessment of the field of biofuels research in South Africa. Data used in this study were obtained from Scopus database. The research covers such topics as the publications and citations, the document type, journals, leading authors, institutions, subjects, areas and keywords. The publications and citations data fitted the Gompertz model to find out the growth rate. Two stages in the evolution of publications and citations were found and coincide with the exponential behaviour. Biofuels research was identified to have an exponential growth from 2011 with a growth rate of 0.2628 years-1 (R2=0.93). This study demonstrates that the most documents were published in high-impact journals. Researchers would benefit from the findings because they would be able to see a trend in biofuels research in South Africa.Keywords: Bioethanol, biogas, biofuel, biodieselJEL Classifications: Q16, Q20, Q42DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11454

The ongoing depletion of fossil resources, the energetic autonomy of countries, soaring prices for petroleum and climate change have stimulated research and development on renewable energy as biofuels. In this work, a bibliometric analysis of the Web of Science database was carried out to identify the research related to sugar beet to biofuels. The equation logistic was used to quantitatively describe the growth of the publication of sugar beet in the biofuels field. The results show that the publications of sugar beet for biofuel have a rate of growth of 0-1898 year-1. Germany and the USA were the countries with high influence for research in the field of sugar beet for biofuels. The journal Zuckerindustrie was the referent to publications in the field of study. From 2003 to 2019, the exponential growth of publications was found, this profile of growth can be attributed to the development of renewable energy and the relevance of global warming, security energetic and laws that promoted clean energy. This work shows that the logistic equation can be used to predict the evolution of publications in the field of study.Keywords: Beta vulgaris, beets, root beets, biofuel, fodder beetJEL Classifications: Q16, Q20, Q42DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11013

It is a fact that society has increased the need for mobility throughout the world. In that regard, it has become aware of the problems associated with the use of fossil fuels such as jet-fuel. As alter-natives, the use of bio-jet fuel has been proposed, which is a biofuel that researchers have evaluated and developed as an environmentally friendly alternative. The development of research on the topic of biofuels has generated a growing number of alternatives in the methods, technologies and raw materials for the production of bio-jet fuel. In this work, a bibliometric study has been developed to analyze the evolution of publications, the contribution of authors, countries, in terms of citation productivity on the topic of bio-jet fuel. Scientific publications were searched in the Scopus database for the period 2001 to 2021. The results showed that the publications have grown exponentially in the last 10 years. The most influential institution and country are from China. “Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews” is the most cited journal in the field of bio-jet fuel. The growth rate of publications was estimated using the Gompertz model, the rate was 0.2232 y-1. Most of the documents were published in journals Q1.

Introducción: la desigualdad laboral que viven hombres y mujeres se hace evidente en los ingresos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar los ingresos económicos de mujeres y hombres en las actividades económicas en México durante los últimos 15 años, a partir de la descomposición Oaxaca-Blinder, con el propósito de detectar las brechas salariales por género. Método: para llevar a cabo el análisis, se consideraron los 20 sectores de actividad contemplados en el Sistema de Clasificación Industrial de América del Norte. Se extrajo información de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo acerca del sexo, los ingresos por hora, los años de escolaridad y la edad de los individuos. Se aplicó la ecuación básica de descomposición Oaxaca-Blinder posterior a la realización de análisis econométricos mediante regresiones lineales múltiples, a través de la ecuación de salarios de Mincer. Resultados: los resultados del análisis presentan una brecha salarial en las actividades económicas de, por un lado, a) construcción, y b) transporte, comercio y almacenamiento, favorable a las mujeres en cada uno de los años del análisis. Por otro lado, en las actividades c) corporativos, y d) otros servicios, excepto actividades gubernamentales, se aprecia una brecha salarial favorable a los hombres en todos los años del estudio. Discusión o conclusión: los ingresos económicos han permitido mostrar la diferencia salarial entre hombres y mujeres en las distintas actividades económicas de México, favorable en algunas actividades a las mujeres, aunque en la mayoría es favorable a los hombres.

"Con el propósito de incrementar la cantidad de azúcares que beneficie el rendimiento de etanol en la fermentación, se realizó la hidrólisis de Beta vulgaris L. con H2SO4. Se evaluó el efecto que tienen los parámetros: agitación, concentración de ácido, masa y temperatura sobre el grado de hidrólisis del sustrato. La masa se probó en el intervalo de 5 hasta 40 g y la agitación de 100 a 250 rpm. La temperatura y el tiempo de reacción fueron evaluados en el intervalo de 30 a 90 ºC y de 2 a 6 h, respectivamente. El tamaño de partícula probado fue de 0.5 mm y para todos los casos el volumen de reacción de 50 mL. A una velocidad de 150 rpm se tuvo mayor efecto de hidrólisis. Mediante comparación de medias se determinó que las concentraciones superiores a 0.5 N de H2SO4 no tienen efecto significativo (p