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3. Copeptin as a surrogate marker for arginine vasopressin: analytical insights, current utility, and emerging applications.

Author

Choy, Kay Weng, Wijeratne, Nilika, Chiang, Cherie, and Don-Wauchope, Andrew

Subjects
CARDIOVASCULAR disease diagnosis, KIDNEY disease diagnosis, VASOPRESSIN, PEPTIDE hormones, POLYURIA, MEDICAL screening, POLYDIPSIA, BIOMARKERS
Abstract

Copeptin is a 39-amino-acid long glycosylated peptide with a leucine-rich core segment in the C-terminal part of pre-pro-vasopressin. It exhibits a rapid response comparable to arginine vasopressin (AVP) in response to osmotic, hemodynamic, and nonspecific stress-related stimuli. This similarity can be attributed to equimolar production of copeptin alongside AVP. However, there are markedly different decay kinetics for both peptides, with an estimated initial half-life of copeptin being approximately two times longer than that of AVP. Like AVP, copeptin correlates strongly over a wide osmolality range in healthy individuals, making it a useful alternative to AVP measurement. While copeptin does not appear to be significantly affected by food intake, small amounts of oral fluid intake may result in a significant decrease in copeptin levels. Compared to AVP, copeptin is considerably more stable in vitro. An automated immunofluorescent assay is now available and has been used in recent landmark trials. However, separate validation studies are required before copeptin thresholds from these studies are applied to other assays. The biological variation of copeptin in presumably healthy subjects has been recently reported, which could assist in defining analytical performance specifications for this measurand. An established diagnostic utility of copeptin is in the investigation of polyuria-polydipsia syndrome and copeptin-based testing protocols have been explored in recent years. A single baseline plasma copeptin >21.4 pmol/L differentiates AVP resistance (formerly known as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) from other causes with 100% sensitivity and specificity, rendering water deprivation testing unnecessary in such cases. In a recent study among adult patients with polyuria-polydipsia syndrome, AVP deficiency (formerly known as central diabetes insipidus) was more accurately diagnosed with hypertonic saline-stimulated copeptin than with arginine-stimulated copeptin. Glucagon-stimulated copeptin has been proposed as a potentially safe and precise test in the investigation of polyuria-polydipsia syndrome. Furthermore, copeptin could reliably identify those with AVP deficiency among patients with severe hypernatremia, though its diagnostic utility is reportedly limited in the differential diagnosis of profound hyponatremia. Copeptin measurement may be a useful tool for early goal-directed management of post-operative AVP deficiency. Additionally, the potential prognostic utility of copeptin has been explored in other diseases. There is an interest in examining the role of the AVP system (with copeptin as a marker) in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. Copeptin has been found to be independently associated with an increased risk of incident stroke and cardiovascular disease mortality in men with diabetes mellitus. Increased levels of copeptin have been reported to be independently predictive of a decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate and a greater risk of new-onset chronic kidney disease. Furthermore, copeptin is associated with disease severity in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Copeptin predicts the development of coronary artery disease and cardiovascular mortality in the older population. Moreover, the predictive value of copeptin was found to be comparable with that of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide for all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure. Whether the measurement of copeptin in these conditions alters clinical management remains to be demonstrated in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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4. Hypertension Canada’s 2020 Comprehensive Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, Risk Assessment, and Treatment of Hypertension in Adults and Children

Author

Rabi, Doreen M., McBrien, Kerry A., Sapir-Pichhadze, Ruth, Nakhla, Meranda, Ahmed, Sofia B., Dumanski, Sandra M., Butalia, Sonia, Leung, Alexander A., Harris, Kevin C., Cloutier, Lyne, Zarnke, Kelly B., Ruzicka, Marcel, Hiremath, Swapnil, Feldman, Ross D., Tobe, Sheldon W., Campbell, Tavis S., Bacon, Simon L., Nerenberg, Kara A., Dresser, George K., Fournier, Anne, Burgess, Ellen, Lindsay, Patrice, Rabkin, Simon W., Prebtani, Ally P.H., Grover, Steven, Honos, George, Alfonsi, Jeffrey E., Arcand, JoAnne, Audibert, François, Benoit, Geneviève, Bittman, Jesse, Bolli, Peter, Côté, Anne-Marie, Dionne, Janis, Don-Wauchope, Andrew, Edwards, Cedric, Firoz, Tabassum, Gabor, Jonathan Y., Gilbert, Richard E., Grégoire, Jean C., Gryn, Steven E., Gupta, Milan, Hannah-Shmouni, Fady, Hegele, Robert A., Herman, Robert J., Hill, Michael D., Howlett, Jonathan G., Hundemer, Gregory L., Jones, Charlotte, Kaczorowski, Janusz, Khan, Nadia A., Kuyper, Laura M., Lamarre-Cliche, Maxime, Lavoie, Kim L., Leiter, Lawrence A., Lewanczuk, Richard, Logan, Alexander G., Magee, Laura A., Mangat, Birinder K., McFarlane, Philip A., McLean, Donna, Michaud, Andre, Milot, Alain, Moe, Gordon W., Penner, S. Brian, Pipe, Andrew, Poppe, Alexandre Y., Rey, Evelyne, Roerecke, Michael, Schiffrin, Ernesto L., Selby, Peter, Sharma, Mike, Shoamanesh, Ashkan, Sivapalan, Praveena, Townsend, Raymond R., Tran, Karen, Trudeau, Luc, Tsuyuki, Ross T., Vallée, Michel, Woo, Vincent, Bell, Alan D., and Daskalopoulou, Stella S.

Published
2020
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5. Hypertension Canada’s 2018 Guidelines for Diagnosis, Risk Assessment, Prevention, and Treatment of Hypertension in Adults and Children

Author

Nerenberg, Kara A., Zarnke, Kelly B., Leung, Alexander A., Dasgupta, Kaberi, Butalia, Sonia, McBrien, Kerry, Harris, Kevin C., Nakhla, Meranda, Cloutier, Lyne, Gelfer, Mark, Lamarre-Cliche, Maxime, Milot, Alain, Bolli, Peter, Tremblay, Guy, McLean, Donna, Padwal, Raj S., Tran, Karen C., Grover, Steven, Rabkin, Simon W., Moe, Gordon W., Howlett, Jonathan G., Lindsay, Patrice, Hill, Michael D., Sharma, Mike, Field, Thalia, Wein, Theodore H., Shoamanesh, Ashkan, Dresser, George K., Hamet, Pavel, Herman, Robert J., Burgess, Ellen, Gryn, Steven E., Grégoire, Jean C., Lewanczuk, Richard, Poirier, Luc, Campbell, Tavis S., Feldman, Ross D., Lavoie, Kim L., Tsuyuki, Ross T., Honos, George, Prebtani, Ally P.H., Kline, Gregory, Schiffrin, Ernesto L., Don-Wauchope, Andrew, Tobe, Sheldon W., Gilbert, Richard E., Leiter, Lawrence A., Jones, Charlotte, Woo, Vincent, Hegele, Robert A., Selby, Peter, Pipe, Andrew, McFarlane, Philip A., Oh, Paul, Gupta, Milan, Bacon, Simon L., Kaczorowski, Janusz, Trudeau, Luc, Campbell, Norman R.C., Hiremath, Swapnil, Roerecke, Michael, Arcand, Joanne, Ruzicka, Marcel, Prasad, G.V. Ramesh, Vallée, Michel, Edwards, Cedric, Sivapalan, Praveena, Penner, S. Brian, Fournier, Anne, Benoit, Geneviève, Feber, Janusz, Dionne, Janis, Magee, Laura A., Logan, Alexander G., Côté, Anne-Marie, Rey, Evelyne, Firoz, Tabassum, Kuyper, Laura M., Gabor, Jonathan Y., Townsend, Raymond R., Rabi, Doreen M., and Daskalopoulou, Stella S.

Published
2018
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7. Development of a cell free system for analysis of the mechanisms of exocytosis using total internal reflectance microscopy

Author

Don-Wauchope, Andrew Craig

Subjects
571.6
Abstract

Regulated exocytosis occurs in a number of cell types and has been studied in many of these. There appears to be a commonality of function in the cells that exhibit regulated exocytosis. Many proteins have been implicated in the process of regulated exocytosis and a number of trigger signals have been identified. There are various means of investigating regulated exocytosis and these include capacitance measurements, amperometry and single-cell imaging. Reconstitution from defined components of the steps leading to exocytosis has not yet been achieved, whereas the investigation of the actual exocytotic event is well described. Access to the cytosolic components of the cell is a requirement of any assay that attempts to investigate the process leading to the final ‘fusion event’ of regulated exocytosis. The aim of this research was to develop an in-vitro assay that would allow investigation of the steps leading to regulated exocytosis on a plasma membrane. The method was based on the use of ‘unroofed’ bovine adrenal chromaffin cells, viewed by total internal relfection fluorescence microscopy. Development of the assay posed a number of challenges, not all of which were overcome during the study. The basic platform for the assay, a cell membrane patch with adhering secretory vesicles, was produced with some degrees of success. However, the imaging method had a number of limitations and this frustrated the method’s development. The results, although encouraging, were judged not to be robust enough to permit development of a reconstituted system and a more reliable imaging procedure is recommended for further study.

Published
2005

8. Decision making about healthcare-related tests and diagnostic test strategies. Paper 5: a qualitative study with experts suggests that test accuracy data alone is rarely sufficient for decision making

Author

Bell, Hanan, Bettmann, Michael, Bossuyt, Patrick, Browman, George, Brozek, Jan, Bühler, Diedrich, Chou, Roger, Don-Wauchope, Andrew, Elwyn, Glyn, Garg, Amit X., Ghersi, Davina, Gion, Massimo, Glasziou, Paul, Horvath, Andrea Rita, Kopp, Ina, Krahn, Murray, Leipzig, Rosanne M., Lelgemann, Monika, Lloyd, Nancy, Maija, Saijonkari, Mäkelä, Marjukka, Mendelson, Richard, Mujoomdar, Michelle, Reed, Martin, Remedios, Denis, Santesso, Nancy, Sauerland, Stefan, Saijonkari, Maija, Steingart, Karen, Tan, Toni, Qaseem, Amir, Mustafa, Reem A., Wiercioch, Wojtek, Ventresca, Matthew, and Schünemann, Holger J.

Published
2017
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10. Lipid distributions in the Global Diagnostics Network across five continents

Author

Martin, Seth S, primary, Niles, Justin K, additional, Kaufman, Harvey W, additional, Awan, Zuhier, additional, Elgaddar, Ola, additional, Choi, Rihwa, additional, Ahn, Sunhyun, additional, Verma, Rajan, additional, Nagarajan, Mahesh, additional, Don-Wauchope, Andrew, additional, Gurgel Castelo, Maria Helane Costa, additional, Hirose, Caio Kenji, additional, James, David, additional, Truman, Derek, additional, Todorovska, Maja, additional, Momirovska, Ana, additional, Pivovarníková, Hedviga, additional, Rákociová, Monika, additional, Louzao-Gudin, Pedro, additional, Batu, Janserey, additional, El Banna, Nehmat, additional, and Kapoor, Hema, additional

Published
2023
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12. A guide to conducting systematic reviews of clinical laboratory tests.

Author

Don-Wauchope, Andrew C., Rodriguez-Capote, Karina, Assaad, Ramy Samir, Bhargava, Seema, and Zemlin, Annalise E.

Subjects
*CLINICAL decision support systems, *PATHOLOGICAL laboratories, *INSTRUMENTAL variables (Statistics), *TESTING laboratories, *CLINICAL pathology, *EVIDENCE-based medicine
Abstract

Clinical laboratory professionals have an instrumental role in supporting clinical decision making with the optimal use of laboratory testing for screening, risk stratification, diagnostic, prognostic, treatment selection and monitoring of different states of health and disease. Delivering evidence-based laboratory medicine relies on review of available data and literature. The information derived, supports many national policies to improve patient care through clinical practice guidelines or best practice recommendations. The quality, validity and bias of this literature is variable. Hence, there is a need to collate similar studies and data and analyse them critically. Systematic review, thus, becomes the most important source of evidence. A systematic review, unlike a scoping or narrative review, involves a thorough understanding of the procedure involved and a stepwise methodology. There are nuances that need some consideration for laboratory medicine systematic reviews. The purpose of this article is to describe the process of performing a systematic review in the field of laboratory medicine, describing the available methodologies, tools and software packages that can be used to facilitate this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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19. Health In Africa

Author

Don-Wauchope, Andrew C. and Coleman, Albert M. E.

Published
2005

31. Bone turnover markers in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis

Author

Brown, Jacques P., Albert, Caroline, Nassar, Bassam A., Adachi, Jonathan D., Cole, David, Davison, K. Shawn, Dooley, Kent C., Don-Wauchope, Andrew, Douville, Pierre, Hanley, David A., Jamal, Sophie A., Josse, Robert, Kaiser, Stephanie, Krahn, John, Krause, Richard, Kremer, Richard, Lepage, Raymond, Letendre, Elaine, Morin, Suzanne, Ooi, Daylily S., Papaioaonnou, Alexandra, and Ste-Marie, Louis-Georges

Published
2009
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40. Erratum to: Conflict of interest declaration

Author

Oremus, Mark, Don-Wauchope, Andrew, McKelvie, Robert, Santaguida, Pasqualina L., Hill, Stephen, Balion, Cynthia, Booth, Ronald, Brown, Judy A., Ali, Usman, Bustamam, Amy, Sohel, Nazmul, and Raina, Parminder

Published
2014
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45. Decision making about healthcare-related tests and diagnostic test strategies. Paper 5: a qualitative study with experts suggests that test accuracy data alone is rarely sufficient for decision making

Author

Mustafa, Reem A., primary, Wiercioch, Wojtek, additional, Ventresca, Matthew, additional, Brozek, Jan, additional, Schünemann, Holger J., additional, Bell, Hanan, additional, Bettmann, Michael, additional, Bossuyt, Patrick, additional, Browman, George, additional, Bühler, Diedrich, additional, Chou, Roger, additional, Don-Wauchope, Andrew, additional, Elwyn, Glyn, additional, Garg, Amit X., additional, Ghersi, Davina, additional, Gion, Massimo, additional, Glasziou, Paul, additional, Horvath, Andrea Rita, additional, Kopp, Ina, additional, Krahn, Murray, additional, Leipzig, Rosanne M., additional, Lelgemann, Monika, additional, Lloyd, Nancy, additional, Maija, Saijonkari, additional, Mäkelä, Marjukka, additional, Mendelson, Richard, additional, Mujoomdar, Michelle, additional, Reed, Martin, additional, Remedios, Denis, additional, Santesso, Nancy, additional, Sauerland, Stefan, additional, Saijonkari, Maija, additional, Steingart, Karen, additional, Tan, Toni, additional, and Qaseem, Amir, additional

Published
2017
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