54 results on '"Don Middleton"'
Search Results
2. Developing an integrated end-to-end TeraGrid climate modeling environment.
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Lan Zhao, Carol X. Song, Christopher S. Thompson, Han Zhang, Madhavan Lakshminarayanan, Cecelia DeLuca, Sylvia Murphy, Kathy Saint, Don Middleton, Nathan Wilhelmi, Eric Nienhouse, and Michael Burek
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- 2011
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3. The Virtual Solar-Terrestrial Observatory: A Deployed Semantic Web Application Case Study for Scientific Research.
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Deborah L. McGuinness, Peter Fox 0001, Luca Cinquini, Patrick West, José García 0004, James L. Benedict, and Don Middleton
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- 2007
4. Semantically-Enabled Large-Scale Science Data Repositories.
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Peter Fox 0001, Deborah L. McGuinness, Don Middleton, Luca Cinquini, J. Anthony Darnell, José García 0004, Patrick West, James L. Benedict, and Stan Solomon 0002
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- 2006
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5. An Ontology for Scientific Information in a Grid Environment: the Earth System Grid.
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Line Pouchard, Luca Cinquini, Bob Drach, Don Middleton, David E. Bernholdt, Kasidit Chanchio, Ian T. Foster, Veronika Nefedova, David Brown 0006, Peter Fox 0001, José García 0004, Gary Strand, Dean N. Williams, Ann L. Chervenak, Carl Kesselman, Arie Shoshani, and Alex Sim
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- 2003
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6. The Abalone Interpolation: A Visual Interpolation Procedure for the Calculation of Cloud Movement.
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Elke Hergenröther, Antonio Bleile, Don Middleton, and Andrzej Trembilski
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- 2002
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7. Ontology-supported scientific data frameworks: The Virtual Solar-Terrestrial Observatory experience.
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Peter Fox 0001, Deborah L. McGuinness, Luca Cinquini, Patrick West, José García 0004, James L. Benedict, and Don Middleton
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- 2009
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8. Enabling Scientific Research using an Interdisciplinary Virtual Observatory: The Virtual Solar-Terrestrial Observatory Example.
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Deborah L. McGuinness, Peter Fox 0001, Luca Cinquini, Patrick West, José García 0004, James L. Benedict, and Don Middleton
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- 2008
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9. Earth system curator: metadata infrastructure for climate modeling.
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Rocky Dunlap, Leo Mark, Spencer Rugaber, Venkatramani Balaji, Julien Chastang, Luca Cinquini, Cecelia DeLuca, Don Middleton, and Sylvia Murphy
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- 2008
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10. The Earth System Grid: Supporting the Next Generation of Climate Modeling Research.
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David E. Bernholdt, Shishir Bharathi, David Brown 0006, Kasidit Chanchio, Meili Chen, Ann L. Chervenak, Luca Cinquini, Bob Drach, Ian T. Foster, Peter Fox 0001, José García 0004, Carl Kesselman, Rob S. Markel, Don Middleton, Veronika Nefedova, Line Pouchard, Arie Shoshani, Alex Sim, Gary Strand, and Dean N. Williams
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- 2005
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11. High-performance remote access to climate simulation data: a challenge problem for data grid technologies.
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Ann L. Chervenak, Ewa Deelman, Carl Kesselman, William E. Allcock, Ian T. Foster, Veronika Nefedova, Jason Lee 0001, Alex Sim, Arie Shoshani, Bob Drach, Dean N. Williams, and Don Middleton
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- 2003
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12. Enhancing the earth system grid security infrastructure through single sign-on and autoprovisioning.
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Frank Siebenlist, Rachana Ananthakrishnan, David E. Bernholdt, Luca Cinquini, Ian T. Foster, Don Middleton, Neill Miller, and Dean N. Williams
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- 2009
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13. Abstract: Bringing Task and Data Parallelism to Analysis of Climate Model Output.
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Robert L. Jacob, Jayesh Krishna, Xiabing Xu, Sheri A. Mickelson, Tim Tautges, Mike Wilde, Robert Latham, Ian T. Foster, Robert B. Ross, Mark Hereld, Jay Walter Larson, Pavel B. Bochev, Kara Peterson, Mark A. Taylor, Karen Schuchardt, Jian Yin 0002, Don Middleton, Mary Haley, David Brown 0006, Wei Huang, Dennis G. Shea, Richard Brownrigg, Mariana Vertenstein, Kwan-Liu Ma, and Jingrong Xie
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- 2012
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14. A Deployed Semantically-Enabled Interdisciplinary Virtual Observatory.
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Deborah L. McGuinness, Peter Fox 0001, Luca Cinquini, Patrick West, José García 0004, James L. Benedict, and Don Middleton
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- 2007
15. The Earth System Grid: Supporting the Next Generation of Climate Modeling Research
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David E. Bernholdt, Shishir Bharathi, David Brown 0006, Kasidit Chanchio, Meili Chen, Ann L. Chervenak, Luca Cinquini, Bob Drach, Ian T. Foster, Peter Fox 0001, José García 0004, Carl Kesselman, Rob S. Markel, Don Middleton, Veronika Nefedova, Line Pouchard, Arie Shoshani, Alex Sim, Gary Strand, and Dean N. Williams
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- 2007
16. Poster: Bringing Task and Data Parallelism to Analysis of Climate Model Output.
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Robert L. Jacob, Jayesh Krishna, Xiabing Xu, Sheri A. Mickelson, Tim Tautges, Mike Wilde, Robert Latham, Ian T. Foster, Robert B. Ross, Mark Hereld, Jay Walter Larson, Pavel B. Bochev, Kara Peterson, Mark A. Taylor, Karen Schuchardt, Jian Yin 0002, Don Middleton, Mary Haley, David Brown 0006, Wei Huang, Dennis G. Shea, Richard Brownrigg, Mariana Vertenstein, Kwan-Liu Ma, and Jingrong Xie
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- 2012
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17. Prevention of Influenza Hospitalization Among Adults in the United States, 2015–2016: Results From the US Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (HAIVEN)
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Don Middleton, Haiven Study Investigators, Richard K. Zimmerman, Sarah Spencer, Kempapura Murthy, H. Keipp Talbot, Fernanda P. Silveira, Manjusha Gaglani, Arnold S. Monto, Jill M. Ferdinands, Courtney Strickland, Alicia M. Fry, Elif Alyanak, and Emily T. Martin
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0301 basic medicine ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Influenza vaccine ,Confounding ,Case-control study ,virus diseases ,Logistic regression ,medicine.disease ,Comorbidity ,Confidence interval ,Vaccination ,03 medical and health sciences ,Major Articles and Brief Reports ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Infectious Diseases ,Age groups ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business - Abstract
Background Evidence establishing effectiveness of influenza vaccination for prevention of severe illness is limited. The US Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (HAIVEN) is a multiyear test-negative case-control study initiated in 2015–2016 to estimate effectiveness of vaccine in preventing influenza hospitalization among adults. Methods Adults aged ≥18 years admitted to 8 US hospitals with acute respiratory illness and testing positive for influenza by polymerase chain reaction were cases; those testing negative were controls. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated with logistic regression adjusting for age, comorbidities, and other confounding factors and stratified by frailty, 2-year vaccination history, and clinical presentation. Results We analyzed data from 236 cases and 1231 controls; mean age was 58 years. More than 90% of patients had ≥1 comorbidity elevating risk of influenza complications. Fifty percent of cases and 70% of controls were vaccinated. Vaccination was 51% (95% confidence interval [CI], 29%–65%) and 53% (95% CI, 11%–76%) effective in preventing hospitalization due to influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza B virus infection, respectively. Vaccine was protective for all age groups. Conclusions During the 2015–2016 US influenza A(H1N1)pdm09–predominant season, we found that vaccination halved the risk of influenza-association hospitalization among adults, most of whom were at increased risk of serious influenza complications due to comorbidity or age.
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- 2018
18. Computer applications of the visible human dataset.
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John P. Clyne and Don Middleton
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- 1996
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19. Open Data: Crediting a Culture of Cooperation
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Danie Kinkade, Cheryl A. Thompson, David K. Arctur, Charles McElroy, Mark Nolan, Stephen C Diggs, Barbara S. Lawrence, Doug Walker, Michael R. Haberman, Stephen M. Richard, Chris Marone, Anders Noren, Sara Graves, Robert M. Hazen, Nicholas Berente, Celina A. Suarez, Yolanda Gil, Jennifer Arrigo, Genevieve Pearthree, Ilya Zaslavsky, Jay D. Bass, Kerstin Lehnert, Mohan K. Ramamurthy, Christopher J. Duffy, Eric Knight, Don Middleton, Anthony K. Aufdenkampe, John Leslie King, Susan J. Winter, Leslie Hsu, Jim Crowell, Joel Cutcher-Gershenfeld, Ethan Masella, George Percivall, Melanie Radik, Basil Gomez, Courtney G. Flint, Leslie A. DeChurch, M. D. Daniels, Namchul Shin, Burcu Bolukbasi, Barbara B. Mittleman, M. Lee Allison, and Erin Robinson
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Social contract ,Multidisciplinary ,Community engagement ,Research ,Strategic Initiative ,Public administration ,Access to Information ,Public access ,Open data ,Order (business) ,Political science ,Periodicals as Topic ,Science and technology policy ,Urban violence - Abstract
Although the question of who pays for open data is important (“Who will pay for public access to research data?”, F. Berman and V. Cerf, Policy Forum, 9 August, p. [616][1]), a greater challenge lies in implementing the institutional and cultural changes required before data from government-sponsored research can be openly shared. The Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) has ordered U.S. federal agencies to formulate plans to share federally funded science data ([ 1 ][2]). This reflects a fundamental shift in the social contract between scientists and society. While seeking to strengthen science, the order also seeks better use of data to promote economic innovation, improve cross-disciplinary efforts, and address “grand challenge” societal problems such as global climate change and urban violence. The OSTP memo correctly notes that public availability of atmospheric data enabled commercial weather services and severe weather prediction. Yet many data, tools, and models in the geosciences are held by a mix of individual investigators, national data centers, university-based initiatives, and commercial labs, embedded in institutional arrangements that actively reward holding onto data and maximizing individual outcomes in a competitive environment. NSF's EarthCube project, a long-term strategic initiative to build the cyber infrastructure for integrating data, tools, and models in the geosciences, illustrates the challenges and benefits of community engagement and institutional alignment ([ 2 ][3]). The push for open data goes beyond the question of who pays. It challenges science to create a more cooperative culture that aligns credit and rewards with sharing data, tools, and models. 1. [↵][4] OSTP, Expanding Public Access to the Results of Federally Funded Research ([www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2013/02/22/expanding-public-access-results-federally-funded-research][5]). 2. [↵][6] EarthCube ([www.earthcube.org][7]). [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1241625 [2]: #ref-1 [3]: #ref-2 [4]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text" [5]: http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2013/02/22/expanding-public-access-results-federally-funded-research [6]: #xref-ref-2-1 "View reference 2 in text" [7]: http://www.earthcube.org
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- 2013
20. 2469. Knowledge, Attitudes, Confidence, and Hesitancy Toward Vaccines Among Residents in Pediatric and Family Practice Programs
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Kadriye O. Lewis, Barbara A. Pahud, S. Elizabeth Williams, Don Middleton, Brian R Lee, Shannon Clark, and Sharon G. Humiston
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance ,education ,Knowledge acquisition ,Vaccination ,Health personnel ,symbols.namesake ,Abstracts ,Infectious Diseases ,Oncology ,Immunization ,B. Poster Abstracts ,Family medicine ,medicine ,symbols ,business ,Self report ,Fisher's exact test - Abstract
Background Healthcare provider immunization education is vital to accurately address concerns regarding vaccines, but such training is not standardized across residency programs. To assess educational needs and develop a vaccine curriculum for pediatric (Peds) and family medicine (FM) residents, the Collaboration for Vaccination Education and Research (CoVER) was established. There is a need to identify knowledge, attitudes, and hesitancy regarding vaccines among residents. Methods In July 2017, an anonymous 30-item survey was sent to residents from 26 US institutions participating in CoVER. Items included (1) vaccine knowledge, (2) attitudes toward vaccines, (3) resident vaccine hesitancy, and (4) demographics. Differences in proportions were calculated using Fisher’s Exact test while the Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare continuous outcomes. Results Of 1,447 residents invited, 746 completed the survey (52% response rate). Among participants, 12 were excluded due to inability to determine residency type and or year. The final cohort consisted of 734 residents (Table 1). Knowledge (Figure 1): Percent correct increased with residency year from PGY1 to PGY4 (49%, [95% CI 47–51]; 64% [95% CI 58–70]; test for trend P < 0.001). Compared with FM residents, Peds residents were more likely to answer knowledge questions correctly (56%; 49%; P < 0.001). Attitudes (Table 2): Confidence in communicating with parents increased with training (P < 0.001) but confidence in vaccination did not. Hesitancy (Figure 2): Three percent of residents (n = 21) self-reported as vaccine hesitant. They were more likely to be FM (75%, P < 0.001). Residents were more likely to delay a vaccine in someone without a medical contraindication with increased year of training (P < 0.001). Conclusion This initial assessment of the residents’ knowledge, attitudes and hesitancy shows that despite increasing knowledge with training, vaccine confidence was unaffected. It was surprising to find hesitancy among residents, highlighting the need for further vaccine education. Future steps include evaluation of a vaccine education curriculum in residency training to increase confidence in the benefits of vaccination. Disclosures B. Pahud, Pfizer Foundation: Grant Investigator, Research grant. GlaxoSmithKline: Investigator, Salary. Alios Biopharma/Janssen: Investigator, Salary. Pfizer: Consultant, Consulting fee and Speaker honorarium. Sequirus: Consultant, Consulting fee. Sanofi Pasteur: Consultant, Consulting fee. B. R. Lee, PCORI: Grant Investigator, Research grant. KCALSI: Grant Investigator, Research grant. Merck: Investigator, Salary. D. Middleton, Merck: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee. Pfizer: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee. GlaxoSmithKline: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee. Sanofi Pasteur: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee.
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- 2018
21. 150. Relative Effectiveness of High-Dose and Standard-Dose Influenza Vaccine Against Influenza-Related Hospitalization Among Older Adults—United States, 2015–2017
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Elif Alyanak, Fernanda P. Silveira, Don Middleton, H. Keipp Talbot, Lauren Beacham, Jill M. Ferdinands, Emily T. Martin, Brendan Flannery, Manjusha Gaglani, Richard K. Zimmerman, and Joshua D. Doyle
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Respiratory tract infections ,biology ,Influenza vaccine ,business.industry ,Orthomyxoviridae ,medicine.disease_cause ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Comorbidity ,law.invention ,Vaccination ,Abstracts ,Infectious Diseases ,Oncology ,law ,A. Oral Abstracts ,Influenza A virus ,medicine ,business ,Polymerase chain reaction - Abstract
Background Seasonal influenza causes substantial morbidity and mortality, and older adults are disproportionately affected. Newer vaccines have been developed for use in people 65 years and older, including a trivalent inactivated vaccine with a 4-fold higher dose of antigen (IIV-HD). In recent years, the use of IIV-HD has increased sufficiently to evaluate its effectiveness compared with standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV-SD). Methods Hospitalized patients with acute respiratory illness were enrolled in an observational vaccine effectiveness study at 8 hospitals in 4 states participating in the United States Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network during the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 influenza seasons. Predominant influenza A virus subtypes were H1N1 and H3N2, respectively, during these seasons. All enrolled patients were tested for influenza virus with polymerase chain reaction. Receipt and type of influenza vaccine was determined from electronic records and chart review. Odds of laboratory-confirmed influenza were compared among vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. Relative odds of laboratory-confirmed influenza were determined for patients who received IIV-HD or IIV-SD, and adjusted for potential confounding variables via logistic regression. Results Among 1,744 enrolled patients aged ≥ 65 years, 1,105 (63%) were vaccinated; among those vaccinated, 621 (56%) received IIV-HD and 484 (44%) received IIV-SD. Overall, 315 (18%) tested positive for influenza, including 97 (6%) who received IIV-HD, 86 (5%) who received IIV-SD, and 132 (8%) who were unvaccinated. Controlling for age, race, sex, enrollment site, date of illness, index of comorbidity, and influenza season, the adjusted odds of influenza among patients vaccinated with IIV-HD vs. IIV-SD were 0.72 (P = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.52 to 1.01). Conclusion Comparison of high-dose vs. standard-dose vaccine effectiveness during 2 recent influenza seasons (1 H1N1 and 1 H3N2-predominant) suggested relative benefit (nonsignificant) of high-dose influenza vaccine in protecting against influenza-associated hospitalization among persons aged 65 years and older; additional years of data are needed to confirm this finding. Disclosures H. K. Talbot, sanofi pasteur: Investigator, Research grant. Gilead: Investigator, Research grant. MedImmune: Investigator, Research grant. Vaxinnate: Safety Board, none. Seqirus: Safety Board, none.
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- 2018
22. ParNCL and ParGAL: Data-parallel Tools for Postprocessing of Large-scale Earth Science Data
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Timothy J. Tautges, David P. Brown, Wei Huang, Richard Brownrigg, Mary Haley, Robert Latham, Pavel B. Bochev, Don Middleton, Iulian Grindeanu, Xiabing Xu, Kara J. Peterson, Robert Jacob, Dennis Shea, and Jayesh Krishna
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Data parallelism ,Computer science ,Earth science ,data analysis ,data parallelism ,computer.software_genre ,Finite element method ,Unstructured grid ,Visualization ,Computational science ,Scripting language ,Curl (programming language) ,Scalability ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,State (computer science) ,computer ,postprocessing ,General Environmental Science ,computer.programming_language - Abstract
Earth science high-performance applications often require extensive analysis of their output in order to complete the scien- tific goals or produce a visual image or animation. Often this analysis cannot be done in situ because it requires calculating time-series statistics from state sampled over the entire length of the run or analyzing the relationship between similar time series from previous simulations or observations. Many of the tools used for this postprocessing are not themselves high- performance applications, but the new Parallel Gridded Analysis Library (ParGAL) provides high-performance data-parallel versions of several common analysis algorithms for data from a structured or unstructured grid simulation. The library builds on several scalable systems, including the Mesh Oriented DataBase (MOAB), a library for representing mesh data that sup- ports structured, unstructured finite element, and polyhedral grids; the Parallel-NetCDF (PNetCDF) library; and Intrepid, an extensible library for computing operators (such as gradient, curl, and divergence) acting on discretized fields. We have used ParGAL to implement a parallel version of the NCAR Command Language (NCL) a scripting language widely used in the climate community for analysis and visualization. The data-parallel algorithms in ParGAL/ParNCL are both higher performing and more flexible than their serial counterparts.
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- 2013
23. Ontology-supported scientific data frameworks: The Virtual Solar-Terrestrial Observatory experience
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José M. García, Luca Cinquini, J. Benedict, Don Middleton, Deborah L. McGuinness, Peter Fox, and Patrick West
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Database ,Knowledge representation and reasoning ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Context (language use) ,Ontology (information science) ,Virtual observatory ,computer.software_genre ,Solar physics ,Semantic data model ,Data science ,The Internet ,Computers in Earth Sciences ,business ,Semantic Web ,computer ,Information Systems - Abstract
We have developed a semantic data framework that supports interdisciplinary virtual observatory projects across the fields of solar physics, space physics and solar-terrestrial physics. This work required a formal, machine understandable representation for concepts, relations and attributes of physical quantities in the domains of interest as well as their underlying data representations. To fulfill this need, we developed a set of solar-terrestrial ontologies as formal encodings of the knowledge in the Ontology Web Language-Description Logic (OWL-DL) format. We present our knowledge representation and reasoning needs motivated by the context of Virtual Observatories, from fields spanning upper atmospheric terrestrial physics to solar physics, whose intent is to provide access to observational datasets. The resulting data framework is built upon semantic web methodologies and technologies and provides virtual access to distributed and heterogeneous sets of data as if all resources appear to be organized, stored and retrieved from a local environment. Our conclusion is that the combination of use case-driven, small and modular ontology development, coupled with free and open-source software tools and languages provides sufficient expressiveness and capabilities for an initial production implementation and sets the stage for a more complete semantic-enablement of future frameworks.
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- 2009
24. Earth system curator: metadata infrastructure for climate modeling
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Julien Chastang, Venkatramani Balaji, Luca Cinquini, R. Dunlap, Leo Mark, Sylvia Murphy, Don Middleton, Cecelia DeLuca, and Spencer Rugaber
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Source code ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Database ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Earth and Planetary Sciences(all) ,02 engineering and technology ,computer.software_genre ,01 natural sciences ,Data science ,Earth system science ,Metadata ,Formalism (philosophy of mathematics) ,13. Climate action ,020204 information systems ,Metadata management ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Digital resources ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Climate model ,computer ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common - Abstract
The Earth System Curator is a National Science Foundation sponsored project developing a metadata formalism for describing the digital resources used in climate simulations. The primary motivating observation of the project is that a simulation/model’s source code plus the configuration parameters required for a model run are a compact representation of the dataset generated when the model is executed. The end goal of the project is a convergence of models and data where both resources are accessed uniformly from a single registry. In this paper we review the current metadata landscape of the climate modeling community, present our work on developing a metadata formalism for describing climate models, and reflect on technical challenges we have faced that require new research in the area of Earth Science Informatics.
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- 2008
25. Using the 4 Pillars Immunization Toolkit to Increase Adult Immunizations
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Krissy K. Moehling, Suchita Lorick, Mary Hawk, Don Middleton, Jonathan M. Raviotta, Edmund M. Ricci, Richard K. Zimmerman, Chyongchiou J. Lin, Mary Patricia Nowalk, and Song Zhang
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Adult Immunization ,Gerontology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Infectious Diseases ,Oncology ,Immunization ,business.industry ,Family medicine ,Medicine ,business - Published
- 2015
26. Enabling worldwide access to climate simulation data: the earth system grid (ESG)
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Dean N. Williams, R. Drach, Warren G. Strand, Arie Shoshani, Peter Fox, D. Brown, Luca Cinquini, Ann L. Chervenak, Meili Chen, P. Jones, Ian Foster, Veronika Nefedova, Don Middleton, Carl Kesselman, Alex Sim, and David E. Bernholdt
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History ,Geography ,Meteorology ,Global climate ,business.industry ,Environmental resource management ,Earth System Grid ,business ,Climate simulation ,Computer Science Applications ,Education - Abstract
With support from the U.S. Department of Energy's Scientific Discover Through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program, we have developed and deployed the Earth System Grid (ESG) to make climate simulation data easily accessible to the global climate modelling and analysis community. ESG currently has 2500 registered users and manages 160 TB of data in archives distributed around the nation. From this past year alone, more than 200 scientific journal articles have been published from analyses of data delivered by the ESG.
- Published
- 2006
27. Parallel analysis tools and new visualization techniques for ultra-large climate data set
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Mary Haley and Don Middleton
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Engineering ,Creative visualization ,Operations research ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Scientific visualization ,Data science ,Field (computer science) ,Visualization ,Data set ,Work (electrical) ,Climate model ,Analysis tools ,business ,media_common - Abstract
ParVis was a project funded under LAB 10-05: “Earth System Modeling: Advanced Scientific Visualization of Ultra-Large Climate Data Sets”. Argonne was the lead lab with partners at PNNL, SNL, NCAR and UC-Davis. This report covers progress from January 1st, 2013 through Dec 1st, 2014. Two previous reports covered the period from Summer, 2010, through September 2011 and October 2011 through December 2012, respectively. While the project was originally planned to end on April 30, 2013, personnel and priority changes allowed many of the institutions to continue work through FY14 using existing funds. A primary focus of ParVis was introducing parallelism to climate model analysis to greatly reduce the time-to-visualization for ultra-large climate data sets. Work in the first two years was conducted on two tracks with different time horizons: one track to provide immediate help to climate scientists already struggling to apply their analysis to existing large data sets and another focused on building a new data-parallel library and tool for climate analysis and visualization that will give the field a platform for performing analysis and visualization on ultra-large datasets for the foreseeable future. In the final 2 years of the project, we focused mostly on the new data-parallel librarymore » and associated tools for climate analysis and visualization.« less
- Published
- 2014
28. The Earth System Grid: Supporting the Next Generation of Climate Modeling Research
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Dean N. Williams, David R. Brown, Arie Shoshani, David E. Bernholdt, Meili Chen, Veronika Nefedova, Alex Sim, Peter Fox, Rob Markel, Line Pouchard, Kasidit Chanchio, José M. García, Luca Cinquini, Ann L. Chervenak, Ian Foster, Don Middleton, Carl Kesselman, Shishir Bharathi, G. Strand, and Bob Drach
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Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI) ,FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Data grid ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Data management ,bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Computer Sciences ,Data discovery ,Data security ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics|Finance ,computer.software_genre ,Grid ,Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture ,Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE) ,World Wide Web ,Data access ,Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing ,Grid computing ,bepress|Engineering|Computational Engineering ,Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Earth System Grid ,Computer Science - Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science ,business ,computer - Abstract
Understanding the earth's climate system and how it might be changing is a preeminent scientific challenge. Global climate models are used to simulate past, present, and future climates, and experiments are executed continuously on an array of distributed supercomputers. The resulting data archive, spread over several sites, currently contains upwards of 100 TB of simulation data and is growing rapidly. Looking toward mid-decade and beyond, we must anticipate and prepare for distributed climate research data holdings of many petabytes. The Earth System Grid (ESG) is a collaborative interdisciplinary project aimed at addressing the challenge of enabling management, discovery, access, and analysis of these critically important datasets in a distributed and heterogeneous computational environment. The problem is fundamentally a Grid problem. Building upon the Globus toolkit and a variety of other technologies, ESG is developing an environment that addresses authentication, authorization for data access, large-scale data transport and management, services and abstractions for high-performance remote data access, mechanisms for scalable data replication, cataloging with rich semantic and syntactic information, data discovery, distributed monitoring, and Web-based portals for using the system.
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- 2005
29. High-performance remote access to climate simulation data: a challenge problem for data grid technologies
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Veronika Nefedova, Carl Kesselman, Alex Sim, Arie Shoshani, Don Middleton, Jason Lee, Ian Foster, Ann L. Chervenak, Bill Allcock, Ewa Deelman, Bob Drach, and Dean N. Williams
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Database ,Data grid ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Computer science ,Meta Data Services ,GridFTP ,Terabyte ,computer.software_genre ,Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design ,Theoretical Computer Science ,Earth system science ,Workflow ,Grid computing ,Artificial Intelligence ,Hardware and Architecture ,Earth System Grid ,computer ,Software - Abstract
In numerous scientific disciplines, terabyte and petabyte-scale data collections are emerging as critical community resources. A new class of "data grid" infrastructure is required to support management, transport, distributed access to, and analysis of these datasets by potentially thousands of users. Researchers who face this challenge include the climate modeling community, which performs long-duration computations accompanied by frequent output of very large files that must be further analyzed. We describe the Earth System Grid-I prototype, which brings together advanced analysis, replica management, data transfer, request management, and other technologies to support high-performance, interactive analysis of replicated data. We present performance results that demonstrate our ability to manage the location and movement of large datasets from the user's desktop. We report on experiments conducted over SciNET at SC'2000, where we achieved peak performance of 1.55 Gb/s and sustained performance of 512.9 Mb/s for data transfers between Texas and California. Finally, we describe the development of the next-generation Earth System Grid-II (ESG-II) project. Important issues for ESG-II include security requirements for production environments, efficient data filtering and transport, metadata services for discovery of relevant climate datasets, and sophisticated request or workflow management for complex tasks.
- Published
- 2003
30. Origins of Aircraft-Damaging Clear-Air Turbulence during the 9 December 1992 Colorado Downslope Windstorm: Numerical Simulations and Comparison with Observations
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Terry L. Clark, Paul J. Neiman, Robert M. Kerr, William D. Hall, F. Martin Ralph, Don Middleton, Larry Radke, and David H. Levinson
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,Jet (fluid) ,Meteorology ,Turbulence ,Breaking wave ,Mean flow ,Jet stream ,Geodesy ,Clear-air turbulence ,Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,Geology ,Vortex ,Downburst - Abstract
Results from numerical simulations of the Colorado Front Range downslope windstorm of 9 December 1992 are presented. Although this case was not characterized by severe surface winds, the event caused extreme clearair turbulence (CAT) aloft, as indicated by the severe structural damage experienced by a DC-8 cargo jet at 9.7 km above mean sea level over the mountains. Detailed measurements from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Environmental Research Laboratories/Environmental Technology Laboratory Doppler lidar and wind profilers operating on that day and from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellite allow for a uniquely rich comparison between the simulations and observations. Four levels of grid refinement were used in the model. The outer domain used National Centers for Environmental Prediction data for initial and boundary conditions. The finest grid used 200 m in all three dimensions over a 48 km by 48 km section. The range of resolution and domain coverage were sufficient to resolve the abundant variety of dynamics associated with a time-evolving windstorm forced during a frontal passage. This full range of resolution and model complexity was essential in this case. Many aspects of this windstorm are inherently three-dimensional and are not represented in idealized models using either 2D or so-called 2D‐3D dynamics. Both the timing and location of wave breaking compared well with observations. The model also reproduced cross-stream wavelike perturbations in the jet stream that compared well with the orientation and spacing of cloud bands observed by satellite and lidar. Model results also show that the observed CAT derives from interactions between these wavelike jet stream disturbances and mountain-forced internal gravity waves. Due to the nearly east‐west orientation of the jet stream, these two interacting wave modes were orthogonal to each other. Thermal gradients associated with the intense jet stream undulations generated horizontal vortex tubes (HVTs) aligned with the mean flow. These HVTs remained aloft while they propagated downstream at about the elevation of the aircraft incident, and evidence for such a vortex was seen by the lidar. The model and observations suggest that one of these intense vortices may have caused the aircraft incident. Reports of strong surface gusts were intermittent along the Front Range during the period of this study. The model showed that interactions between the gravity waves and flow-aligned jet stream undulations result in isolated occurrences of strong surface gusts in line with observations. The simulations show that strong shears on the upper and bottom surfaces of the jet stream combine to provide an episodic ‘‘downburst of turbulence.’’ In the present case, the perturbations of the jet stream provide a funnel-shaped shear zone aligned with the mean flow that acts as a guide for the downward transport of turbulence resulting from breaking gravity waves. The physical picture for the upper levels is similar to the surface gusts described by Clark and Farley resulting from vortex tilting. The CAT feeding into this funnel came from all surfaces of the jet stream with more than half originating from the vertically inclined shear zones on the bottom side of the jet stream. Visually the downburst of turbulence looks similar to a rain shaft plummeting to the surface and propagating out over the plains leaving relatively quiescent conditions behind.
- Published
- 2000
31. Analysis of Small-Scale Convective Dynamics in a Crown Fire Using Infrared Video Camera Imagery
- Author
-
Janice L. Coen, Terry L. Clark, Larry Radke, and Don Middleton
- Subjects
Convection ,Atmospheric Science ,Meteorology ,Turbulence ,Rate of fire ,Heat transfer ,Thermal ,Flow (psychology) ,Sensible heat ,Geodesy ,Geology ,Vortex - Abstract
A good physical understanding of the initiation, propagation, and spread of crown fires remains an elusive goal for fire researchers. Although some data exist that describe the fire spread rate and some qualitative aspects of wildfire behavior, none have revealed the very small timescales and spatial scales in the convective processes that may play a key role in determining both the details and the rate of fire spread. Here such a dataset is derived using data from a prescribed burn during the International Crown Fire Modelling Experiment. A gradient-based image flow analysis scheme is presented and applied to a sequence of high-frequency (0.03 s), high-resolution (0.05‐0.16 m) radiant temperature images obtained by an Inframetrics ThermaCAM instrument during an intense crown fire to derive wind fields and sensible heat flux. It was found that the motions during the crown fire had energy-containing scales on the order of meters with timescales of fractions of a second. Estimates of maximum vertical heat fluxes ranged between 0.6 and 3 MW m 22 over the 4.5-min burn, with early time periods showing surprisingly large fluxes of 3 MW m 22. Statistically determined velocity extremes, using five standard deviations from the mean, suggest that updrafts between 10 and 30 m s21, downdrafts between 210 and 220 m s21, and horizontal motions between 5 and 15 m s21 frequently occurred throughout the fire. The image flow analyses indicated a number of physical mechanisms that contribute to the fire spread rate, such as the enhanced tilting of horizontal vortices leading to counterrotating convective towers with estimated vertical vorticities of 4 to 10 s 21 rotating such that air between the towers blew in the direction of fire spread at canopy height and below. The IR imagery and flow analysis also repeatedly showed regions of thermal saturation (infrared temperature . 7508C), rising through the convection. These regions represent turbulent bursts or hairpin vortices resulting again from vortex tilting but in the sense that the tilted vortices come together to form the hairpin shape. As the vortices rise and come closer together their combined motion results in the vortex tilting forward at a relatively sharp angle, giving a hairpin shape. The development of these hairpin vortices over a range of scales may represent an important mechanism through which convection contributes to the fire spread. A major problem with the IR data analysis is understanding fully what it is that the camera is sampling, in order physically to interpret the data. The results indicate that because of the large amount of after-burning incandescent soot associated with the crown fire, the camera was viewing only a shallow depth into the flame front, and variabilities in the distribution of hot soot particles provide the structures necessary to derive image flow fields. The coherency of the derived horizontal velocities support this view because if the IR camera were seeing deep into or through the flame front, then the effect of the ubiquitous vertical rotations almost certainly would result in random and incoherent estimates for the horizontal flow fields. Animations of the analyzed imagery showed a remarkable level of consistency in both horizontal and vertical velocity flow structures from frame to frame in support of this interpretation. The fact that the 2D image represents a distorted surface also must be taken into account when interpreting the data. Suggestions for further field experimentation, software development, and testing are discussed in the conclusions. These suggestions may further understanding on this topic and increase the utility of this type of analysis to wildfire research.
- Published
- 1999
32. Data Analysis and Visualization
- Author
-
Dean N. Williams, T. J. Phillips, Don Middleton, and S. Hankin
- Subjects
Creatures ,Fresh water ,Climatology ,Ice age ,Environmental science ,Humidity ,Cold wave ,Tornado ,Medieval warm period - Abstract
The Earth’s climate—its average weather and frequency of extreme events—greatly affects the conditions of all living creatures. Human conditions, for example, are strongly influenced by the availability of fresh water, the ambient temperature and humidity, and extreme phenomena such as heat and cold waves, droughts and floods, and tornadoes and hurricanes. Dramatic changes in climatic phenomena (e.g. a Medieval warm period or the prehistoric Ice Ages) also have been recorded, either in human chronicles or in the natural history of the Earth itself.
- Published
- 2013
33. ESG-CET Final Progress Title
- Author
-
Don Middleton
- Subjects
Engineering ,Software ,Operations research ,business.industry ,Petabyte ,Climate model ,Earth System Grid ,business ,Data science - Abstract
Drawing to a close after five years of funding from DOE's ASCR and BER program offices, the SciDAC-2 project called the Earth System Grid (ESG) Center for Enabling Technologies has successfully established a new capability for serving data from distributed centers. The system enables users to access, analyze, and visualize data using a globally federated collection of networks, computers and software. The ESG software - now known as the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) - has attracted a broad developer base and has been widely adopted so that it is now being utilized in serving the most comprehensive multi-model climate data sets in the world. The system is used to support international climate model intercomparison activities as well as high profile U.S. DOE, NOAA, NASA, and NSF projects. It currently provides more than 25,000 users access to more than half a petabyte of climate data (from models and from observations) and has enabled over a 1,000 scientific publications.
- Published
- 2011
34. The Earth System Grid Federation: delivering globally accessible petascale data for CMIP5
- Author
-
Venkatramani Balaji, Bryan Lawrence, Michael Lautenschlager, Don Middleton, and Dean N. Williams
- Subjects
Coupled model intercomparison project ,Petascale computing ,Geography ,Ecology ,Management science ,Insect Science ,Key (cryptography) ,Petabyte ,Cache ,Architecture ,Earth System Grid ,Data science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) will involve the global production and analysis of petabytes of data. The Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI), with responsibility for archival for CMIP5, has established the global “Earth System Grid Federation” (ESGF) of data producers and data archives to support CMIP5. ESGF will provide a set of globally synchronised views of globally distributed data – including some large cache replicants which will be persisted for (at least) decades. Here we describe the archive requirements and key aspects of the resulting architecture. ESGF will stress international networks, as well as the data archives themselves – but significantly less than would have been the case of a centralised archive. Developing and deploying the ESGF has exploited good will and best efforts, but future developments are likely to require more formalised architecture and management.
- Published
- 2011
35. Developing an integrated end-to-end TeraGrid climate modeling environment
- Author
-
Han Zhang, Don Middleton, Carol Song, Christopher Thompson, Michael Burek, Eric Nienhouse, Nathan Wilhelmi, Sylvia Murphy, Kathy Saint, Lan Zhao, Cecelia DeLuca, and Madhavan Lakshminarayanan
- Subjects
Metadata ,Earth system science ,Workflow ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Community Climate System Model ,Climate model ,Data publishing ,TeraGrid ,Earth System Grid ,Software engineering ,business ,Data science - Abstract
The Community Earth System Model (CESM) is a widely used community model for studying the climate system on the Earth. The CESM model is both data and computationally intensive, making it difficult for users to set up and run CESM simulations using local resources. In this paper, we describe an integrated climate modeling environment that supports CESM simulations on the TeraGrid, comprehensive model metadata description, and automatic archival of model data and metadata for easy community access. This system builds upon and integrates several existing efforts -- the Purdue CCSM modeling portal, the Earth System Grid, the Earth System Modeling Framework, and the Earth System Curator. We present the design and implementation of our prototype system as well as an end-to-end usage scenario which is broken down into three workflows: model execution, data publishing, and metadata collection/publishing. The system will be used to support research and education on climate systems. We describe our plan and early efforts to engage users and obtain their feedback.
- Published
- 2011
36. SciDAC's Earth System Grid Center for Enabling Technologies Semi-Annual Progress Report for the Period October 1, 2009 through March 31, 2010
- Author
-
S. Hankin, Eric Nienhouse, Stephan Zednik, Luca Cinquini, Ann L. Chervenak, Feiyi Wang, Gavin M. Bell, N. Hook, Ross Miller, Galen M. Shipman, D. Harper, Mei-Hui Su, David E. Bernholdt, Shishir Bharathi, G. Strand, Frank Siebenlist, Nathan Wilhelmi, Don Middleton, Alex Sim, D. Brown, R. Drach, Meili Chen, Rachana Ananthakrishnan, Ian Foster, Dean N. Williams, H. Wilcox, Robert Schuler, Peter Fox, P. Jones, J. Chastang, Patrick West, Arie Shoshani, James Ahrens, and R. Schweitzer
- Subjects
Geography ,Work (electrical) ,Meteorology ,Program management ,business.industry ,Environmental resource management ,Climate change ,Community Climate System Model ,Climate model ,Center (algebra and category theory) ,Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project ,Earth System Grid ,business - Abstract
This report summarizes work carried out by the ESG-CET during the period October 1, 2009 through March 31, 2009. It includes discussion of highlights, overall progress, period goals, collaborations, papers, and presentations. To learn more about our project, and to find previous reports, please visit the Earth System Grid Center for Enabling Technologies (ESG-CET) website. This report will be forwarded to the DOE SciDAC program management, the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) program management, national and international collaborators and stakeholders (e.g., the Community Climate System Model (CCSM), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 5th Assessment Report (AR5), the Climate Science Computational End Station (CCES), the SciDAC II: A Scalable and Extensible Earth System Model for Climate Change Science, the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP), and other wide-ranging climate model evaluation activities).
- Published
- 2010
37. Enhancing the earth system grid security infrastructure through single sign-on and autoprovisioning
- Author
-
Luca Cinquini, Neill Miller, Ian Foster, David E. Bernholdt, Rachana Ananthakrishnan, Frank Siebenlist, Don Middleton, and Dean N. Williams
- Subjects
Software deployment ,Computer science ,Authorization ,Single sign-on ,Public key infrastructure ,Earth System Grid ,OpenID ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Grid ,computer - Abstract
In this paper, we discuss recent development and implementation efforts by the Earth System Grid (ESG) concerning its security infrastructure. ESG's requirements are to make user logon as easy as possible and to facilitate the integration of security services and Grid components for both developers and system administrators. To meet that goal, we leverage existing primary authentication mechanisms, deploy a "lightweight" but secure OpenID WebSSO, deploy a "lightweight" X.509-PKI, and use autoprovisioning to ease the burden of security configuration management. We are close to completing the associated development and deployment.
- Published
- 2009
38. SciDAC's Earth System Grid Center for Enabling Technologies Semi-Annual Progress Report for the Period April 1, 2009 through September 30, 2009
- Author
-
Ian Foster, Dean N. Williams, and Don Middleton
- Subjects
Meteorology ,Semi-annual ,Period (geology) ,Environmental science ,Center (algebra and category theory) ,Earth System Grid - Published
- 2009
39. Earth System Grid II, Turning Climate Datasets into Community Resources
- Author
-
Don Middleton
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Interfacing ,Scientific discovery ,Applied research ,The Internet ,Plan (drawing) ,Earth System Grid ,business ,Grid ,Supercomputer ,Data science - Abstract
The Earth System Grid (ESG) II project, funded by the Department of Energy’s Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing program, has transformed climate data into community resources. ESG II has accomplished this goal by creating a virtual collaborative environment that links climate centers and users around the world to models and data via a computing Grid, which is based on the Department of Energy’s supercomputing resources and the Internet. Our project’s success stems from partnerships between climate researchers and computer scientists to advance basic and applied research in the terrestrial, atmospheric, and oceanic sciences. By interfacing with other climate science projects, we have learned that commonly used methods to manage and remotely distribute data among related groups lack infrastructure and under-utilize existing technologies. Knowledge and expertise gained from ESG II have helped the climate community plan strategies to manage a rapidly growing data environment more effectively. Moreover, approaches and technologies developed under the ESG project have impacted datasimulation integration in other disciplines, such as astrophysics, molecular biology and materials science.
- Published
- 2006
40. CHRONOPOLIS - Federated Digital Preservation Across Time and Space>sup<*>/sup<
- Author
-
Arcot Rajasekar, Francine Berman, Reagan Moore, J. JaJa, Brian E. C. Schottlaender, and Don Middleton
- Subjects
Digital preservation ,Computer science ,Digital resources ,Resource management ,Engineering information systems ,Data science ,Discipline ,National data ,Intellectual capital ,Technology management - Abstract
There is a critical need to organize, preserve, and make accessible the increasing number of digital holdings that represent intellectual capital. This intellectual capital contains scientific records that are the basis for current research, future scientific advances, and education source materials for use by the public, educators, scientists and engineers now and for the foreseeable future. Chronopolis is a proposed model facility that enables long term support of irreplaceable and important national data collections, ensuring that: 1) standard reference datasets remain available to provide critical science reference material; 2) collections can expand and evolve over time, as well as weather evolution in the underlying technologies; and 3) preservation "of last resort" is available for critical disciplinary and interdisciplinary digital resources at risk of being lost.
- Published
- 2006
41. Semantically-Enabled Large-Scale Science Data Repositories
- Author
-
Stan Solomon, J. Benedict, Peter Fox, J. Anthony Darnell, José M. García, Deborah L. McGuinness, Luca Cinquini, Don Middleton, and Patrick West
- Subjects
World Wide Web ,Cyberinfrastructure ,Computer science ,Interoperability ,Semantic technology ,Information repository ,Virtual observatory ,Semantics ,Semantic Web ,Data science ,Data warehouse - Abstract
Large heterogeneous online repositories of scientific information have the potential to change the way science is done today. In order for this potential to be realized, numerous challenges must be addressed concerning access to and interoperability of the online scientific data. In our work, we are using semantic web technologies to improve access and interoperability by providing a framework for collaboration and a basis for building and distributing advanced data simulation tools. Our initial scientific focus area is the solar terrestrial physics community. In this paper, we will present our work on the Virtual Solar Terrestrial Observatory (VSTO). We will present the emerging trend of the virtual observatory – a virtual integrated evolving scientific data repository – and describe the general use case and our semantically-enabled architecture. We will also present our specific implementation and describe the benefits of the semantic web in this setting. Further, we speculate on the future of the growing adoption of semantic technologies in this important application area of scientific cyberinfrastructure and semantically enabled scientific data repositories.
- Published
- 2006
42. Contributors
- Author
-
James Ahrens, Mihael Ankerst, Alan H. Barr, Wes Bethel, David Borland, J. Dean Brederson, Frederick P. Brooks, Steve Bryson, Kirsten Cater, Alan Chalmers, Jim X. Chen, Paolo Cignoni, Jonathan D. Cohen, Matthew D. Cooper, Roger Crawfis, David S. Ebert, Stephen G. Eick, Gordon Erlebacher, Thomas Ertl, Mike Falvo, Jean M. Favre, Berk Geveci, Martin Guthold, Hans Hagen, Charles D. Hansen, Philip D. Heermann, Hans-Christian Hege, W.T. Hewitt, Bill Hibbard, Ingrid Hotz, Tom Hudson, Milan Ikits, Victoria Interrante, Takayuki Itoh, Kevin Jeffay, Ming Jiang, Bruno Jobard, Nigel W. John, Gail Jones, Greg M. Jones, Arie Kaufman, Daniel F. Keefe, Daniel A. Keim, Gordon Kindlmann, Robert M. Kirby, Joe Kniss, Koji Koyamada, Martin Kraus, K. Yien Kwok, David H. Laidlaw, Charles Law, George W. Leaver, Joanna M. Leng, Paul G. Lever, Yarden Livnat, R. Bowen Loftin, Eric B. Lum, Kwan-Liu Ma, Raghu Machiraju, Dinesh Manocha, David Marshburn, Kenneth M. Martin, Patrick McCormick, Mary J. McDerby, Don Middleton, Claudio Montani, Klaus Mueller, Steven Parker, Stergios J. Papadakis, Constantine Pavlakos, James S. Perrin, Hanspeter Pfister, Enrico Puppo, Lu-Chang Qin, William Ribarsky, Mark Riding, Warren Robinett, Larry Rosenblum, Jarek Rossignac, I. Ari Sadarjoen, Tim Scheitlin, Gerik Scheuermann, Tobias M. Schiebeck, William J. Schroeder, Greg Schussman, Roberto Scopigno, Adam Seeger, John Shalf, Mike Sips, Han-Wei Shen, Jenny Simpson, F. Donelson Smith, Dianne Sonnenwald, Detlev Stalling, Richard Superfine, Russell M. Taylor, David Thompson, Xavier Tricoche, Mario Valle, Colin C. Venters, Leandra Vicci, Jeremy Walton, Sean Washburn, Chris Weigle, David M. Weinstein, Daniel Weiskopf, Malte Westerhoff, Ross T. Whitaker, Mary Whitton, Bob Wilhelmson, Phillip Williams, Brett Wilson, Daqing Xue, Terry S. Yoo, Caixia Zhang, Song Zhang, Leonid Zhukov, and Kurt Zimmerman
- Published
- 2005
43. Visualization in Weather and Climate Research
- Author
-
Tim Scheitlin, Bob Wilhelmson, and Don Middleton
- Subjects
Engineering ,Operations research ,business.industry ,Current practice ,Software development ,Weather and climate ,business ,Data science ,Domain (software engineering) ,Visualization - Abstract
This chapter provides a high-level overview of visualization in the areas of weather and climate research. The approach is to provide a general sense of the nature of the research problems, the models used to conduct numerical experiments, commonly used visualization tools and techniques, and the underlying data that must be processed, analyzed, visualized, compared, and ultimately understood. When appropriate, some of the real-world challenges and problems that one must surmount while trying to visualize complex geoscientific data in real scientific applications are noted. A number of examples are presented that highlight some specific research thrusts, the visualization approaches taken, and what these efforts represent in terms of future requirements and needs. The examples are intended to be illustrative of current practice as well as challenges in weather and climate visualization. The examples shown in this chapter represent undertakings by close-knit teams of visualization specialists and domain researchers. The chapter concludes by projecting a few years into the future and speculating about future visualization needs and possible avenues for future visualization research and software development.
- Published
- 2005
44. Visual Data Exploration and Analysis - Report of the VisualizationBreakout Session at the 2003 SCaLeS Workshop - Volume II
- Author
-
Kenneth I. Joy, R.J. Frank, Don Middleton, Jim Kohl, Samuel Fulcomer, E. Wes Bethel, and Charles Hansen
- Subjects
Data exploration ,Computer science ,Human–computer interaction ,Scientific visualization ,Session (computer science) ,Visualization ,Volume (compression) - Abstract
This document is the report from the Visualization breakoutsession at the SCaLeS (Science Case for Large-scale Simulation) workshopheld in 2003 in Bethesda, MD. The document presents current researchchallenges in visualization of large-scale scientific data.
- Published
- 2004
45. Visual Data Exploration and Analysis - Report on the Visualization Breakout Session of the SCaLeS Workshop
- Author
-
Jim Kohl, Kenneth I. Joy, E. Wes Bethel, Charles Hansen, Don Middleton, Randy Frank, and Sam Fulcomer
- Subjects
Creative visualization ,Information visualization ,Visual analytics ,Visual language ,Data visualization ,Human–computer interaction ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Scientific visualization ,business ,Function (engineering) ,Visualization ,media_common - Abstract
Scientific visualization is the transformation of abstract information into images, and it plays an integral role in the scientific process by facilitating insight into observed or simulated phenomena. Visualization as a discipline spans many research areas from computer science, cognitive psychology and even art. Yet the most successful visualization applications are created when close synergistic interactions with domain scientists are part of the algorithmic design and implementation process, leading to visual representations with clear scientific meaning. Visualization is used to explore, to debug, to gain understanding, and as an analysis tool. Visualization is literally everywhere--images are present in this report, on television, on the web, in books and magazines--the common theme is the ability to present information visually that is rapidly assimilated by human observers, and transformed into understanding or insight. As an indispensable part a modern science laboratory, visualization is akin to the biologist's microscope or the electrical engineer's oscilloscope. Whereas the microscope is limited to small specimens or use of optics to focus light, the power of scientific visualization is virtually limitless: visualization provides the means to examine data that can be at galactic or atomic scales, or at any size in between. Unlike the traditional scientific toolsmore » for visual inspection, visualization offers the means to ''see the unseeable.'' Trends in demographics or changes in levels of atmospheric CO{sub 2} as a function of greenhouse gas emissions are familiar examples of such unseeable phenomena. Over time, visualization techniques evolve in response to scientific need. Each scientific discipline has its ''own language,'' verbal and visual, used for communication. The visual language for depicting electrical circuits is much different than the visual language for depicting theoretical molecules or trends in the stock market. There is no ''one visualization too'' that can serve as a panacea for all science disciplines. Instead, visualization researchers work hand in hand with domain scientists as part of the scientific research process to define, create, adapt and refine software that ''speaks the visual language'' of each scientific domain.« less
- Published
- 2003
46. An ontology for scientific information in a Grid environment: the earth system Grid
- Author
-
Veronika Nefedova, Peter Fox, Don Middleton, Alex Sim, Line Pouchard, Kasidit Chanchio, Dean C. Williams, Bob Drach, Ian Foster, G. Strand, José M. García, Luca Cinquini, Arie Shoshani, Ann L. Chervenak, David E. Bernholdt, D. Brown, and Carl Kesselman
- Subjects
Information retrieval ,Semantic grid ,Grid computing ,Computer science ,Ontology-based data integration ,Process ontology ,Suggested Upper Merged Ontology ,Upper ontology ,Earth System Grid ,Ontology (information science) ,computer.software_genre ,Data science ,computer - Abstract
In the emerging world of Grid Computing, shared computational, data, other distributed resources are becoming available to enable scientific advancement through collaborative research and collaboratories. This paper describes the increasing role of ontologies in the context of Grid Computing for obtaining, comparing and analyzing data. We present ontology entities and a declarative model that provide the outline for an ontology of scientific information. Relationships between concepts are also given. The implementation of some concepts described in this ontology is discussed within the context of the Earth System Grid II (ESG)[1].
- Published
- 2003
47. Computer applications of the visible human dataset
- Author
-
Don Middleton and John Clyne
- Subjects
Computer science ,Computer Applications ,Computer graphics (images) - Published
- 1996
48. Data management and analysis for the Earth System Grid
- Author
-
Frank Siebenlist, V. E. Henson, R. Schweitzer, R. Drach, J. Schwidder, Peter Fox, Shishir Bharathi, D. Brown, S. Hankin, Warren G. Strand, Ian Foster, P. Jones, Alex Sim, Luca Cinquini, Arie Shoshani, Ann L. Chervenak, N Wilhelmi, Rachana Ananthakrishnan, Meili Chen, Robert Schuler, Mei-Hui Su, Don Middleton, Dean N. Williams, and David E. Bernholdt
- Subjects
History ,Human systems engineering ,Distributed database ,Data grid ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Data management ,Petabyte ,computer.software_genre ,Data science ,Computer Science Applications ,Education ,Data access ,Grid computing ,Earth System Grid ,business ,computer - Abstract
The international climate community is expected to generate hundreds of petabytes of simulation data within the next five to seven years. This data must be accessed and analyzed by thousands of analysts worldwide in order to provide accurate and timely estimates of the likely impact of climate change on physical, biological, and human systems. Climate change is thus not only a scientific challenge of the first order but also a major technological challenge. In order to address this technological challenge, the Earth System Grid Center for Enabling Technologies (ESG-CET) has been established within the U.S. Department of Energy's Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC)-2 program, with support from the offices of Advanced Scientific Computing Research and Biological and Environmental Research. ESG-CET's mission is to provide climate researchers worldwide with access to the data, information, models, analysis tools, and computational capabilities required to make sense of enormous climate simulation datasets. Its specific goals are to (1) make data more useful to climate researchers by developing Grid technology that enhances data usability; (2) meet specific distributed database, data access, and data movement needs of national and international climate projects; (3) provide a universal and secure web-based data access portal for broad multi-model data collections; and (4) provide a wide-range of Grid-enabled climate data analysis tools and diagnostic methods to international climate centers and U.S. government agencies. Building on the successes of the previous Earth System Grid (ESG) project, which has enabled thousands of researchers to access tens of terabytes of data from a small number of ESG sites, ESG-CET is working to integrate a far larger number of distributed data providers, high-bandwidth wide-area networks, and remote computers in a highly collaborative problem-solving environment.
- Published
- 2008
49. Characterization of a Novel Series of gp120 Inhibitors
- Author
-
Juin Fok-Seang, David R. Fenwick, Iain Gardner, Tanya Parkinson, Mike Westby, Tram T. Tran, Manos Perros, Peter T. Stephenson, Don Middleton, David Howard Williams, and Chris Pickford
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Materials science ,Series (mathematics) ,Virology ,Combinatorial chemistry ,Characterization (materials science) - Published
- 2008
50. Building a global federation system for climate change research: the earth system grid center for enabling technologies (ESG-CET)
- Author
-
R. Drach, Luca Cinquini, Arie Shoshani, Ann L. Chervenak, N Wilhelmi, Warren G. Strand, Dean N. Williams, Shishir Bharathi, Rachana Ananthakrishnan, Carl Kesselman, Alex Sim, Frank Siebenlist, K Halliday, S. Hankin, Dan Fraser, David E. Bernholdt, Mei-Hui Su, D. Brown, R. Schweitzer, Robert Schuler, Peter Fox, Meili Chen, Ian Foster, P. Jones, J. Schwidder, and Don Middleton
- Subjects
History ,Standardization ,business.industry ,Environmental resource management ,Climate change ,Data discovery ,Data science ,Computer Science Applications ,Education ,Metadata ,Geography ,Community Climate System Model ,Climate model ,Data as a service ,Earth System Grid ,business - Abstract
The recent release of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 4th Assessment Report (AR4) has generated significant media attention. Much has been said about the U.S. role in this report, which included significant support from the Department of Energy through the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) and other Department of Energy (DOE) programs for climate model development and the production execution of simulations. The SciDAC-supported Earth System Grid Center for Enabling Technologies (ESG-CET) also played a major role in the IPCC AR4: all of the simulation data that went into the report was made available to climate scientists worldwide exclusively via the ESG-CET. At the same time as the IPCC AR4 database was being developed, the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), a leading U.S. climate science laboratory and a ESG participant, began publishing model runs from the Community Climate System Model (CCSM), and its predecessor the Parallel Coupled Model (PCM) through ESG. In aggregate, ESG-CET provides seamless access to over 180 terabytes of distributed climate simulation data to over 6,000 registered users worldwide, who have taken delivery of more than 250 terabytes from the archive. Not only does this represent a substantial advance in scientific knowledge, it is also a major step forward in how we conduct the research process on a global scale. Moving forward, the next IPCC assessment report, AR5, will demand multi-site metadata federation for data discovery and cross-domain identity management for single sign- on of users in a more diverse federation enterprise environment. Towards this aim, ESG is leading the effort in the climate community towards standardization of material for the global federation of metadata, security, and data services required to standardize, analyze, and access data worldwide.
- Published
- 2007
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