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Objective: In developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), concentric reduction of dislocated hips cannot be achieved by closed reduction in many cases, and open reduction is required ('failure of reduction'). The incidence of cases requiring open reduction and the significance of risk factors for unsuccessful reduction remain unclear. We investigated the overall rate and the risk factors for failed closed reduction in DDH., Methods: We followed the Cochrane recommendations in our systematic review and meta-analysis. We performed a systematic search in three medical databases to identify all studies reporting on pediatric patients with hip dislocation in DDH on 2 July 2022. Eligible studies reported on the rate of failure in children younger than 36 months. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs from two-by-two tables (event rate in risk group, event rate in non-risk group)., Results: We identified 13 316 studies and included 62 studies (5281 hips) for failure rate and 34 studies (3810 hips) for risk factor analysis. The overall rate of failure in closed reduction was 20%. The risk of failure of reduction increased with the grade of dislocation and was significantly higher for high dislocations (group 0-24: IHDI 4 vs IHDI 2 OR: 17.45, CI: 9.26-32.92; Tönnis 4 vs Tönnis 2 OR: 14.67, CI: 1.21-177.37; Graf IV vs Graf III OR: 3.4, CI: 2.27-5.09). Male gender was also a significant risk factor (OR: 2.27, CI: 1.13-4.56) in group 0-36., Conclusion: Higher grade dislocations and male gender are significant risk factors for failure of reduction in closed reduction in hip dislocation in DDH.

Background: The increasing number of total ankle arthroplasties (TAAs) has led to growing evidence on the risk factors for complications after surgery. However, the role of obesity in this patient group has been the subject of much debate. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to investigate the evidence for untoward effects of obesity following TAA., Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search on April 28, 2023, in MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, and CENTRAL. Eligible observational studies reported on the short- and long-term outcomes of primary TAA, comparing patients with and without obesity (defined as body mass index > 30). Using a random effects model, we calculated pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from 2 by 2 tables (event and nonevent in the obese and nonobese primary TAA groups)., Results: Nine studies with 10 388 patients were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. We found significantly higher odds of revision in the obese group compared to the nonobese group (OR = 1.68, CI: 1.44-1.95). However, the odds of overall perioperative complications (OR = 1.55, CI: 0.50-4.80) and wound complications (OR = 1.34, CI: 0.29-6.20) were nonsignificantly higher in the obese group., Conclusion: Based on our results, obesity may have affected long-term outcomes following TAA and may have negatively affected the prosthesis's survival., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. ICMJE forms for all authors are available online.

Introduction: Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD) questionnaire is a measurement tool for assessing health status and wellbeing of disabled children, which evaluates children's quality of life from the caregiver point of view., Objective: The aim of our work was the Hungarian translation and cultural adaptation of the questionnaire and also validation of the CPCHILD on Hungarian cerebral palsy patients. Further aim was to test the eligibility of the questionnaire for superficial assessment of caregiver's psychological attitudes., Method: Translation of the questionnaire was carried out according to the Beaton's guidelines. Test-retest, interrater reliability (ICC) and also internal consistency (Cronbach-alpha) were calculated for reliability. The importance of the questions was assessed for face validity and known group validity test was done to measure construct validity. For examining parental attitudes, the patients were divided into ambulatory and non-ambulatory groups and the 36 quality of life questions of the 7th domain were used to find relations., Results: During test-retest reliability measurements, the ICC was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.88-0.98), and Cronbach-alpha exceeded the minimal expected value of 0.7 (0.74-0.97) except in the 5th domain (0.67), while measuring interrater reliability the ICC was 0.87 (95% CI 0.70-0.94). Face validity was above the 2.0 threshold in every question (2.6-4.5; mean: 3.4 ± 1.34) and the known group validity calculations showed significant differences between the CPCHILD scores of ambulatory and non-ambulatory groups. Examining parental attitudes, a significant difference was also shown among the parents of ambulatory and non-ambulatory children in assessing the importance of sitting in the quality of life of their children (2.89 ± 1.28 vs. 3.51 ± 0.82; p<0.01)., Conclusion: The final outcome of our study is that CPCHILD questionnaire has become widely accessible in Hungarian language. Our result, that the answers referring to the sitting abilities and the activities should be carried out in sitting position, was significantly different among the caregivers of the ambulatory and non-ambulatory children, showing that the parents of the GMFCS IV and V category children evaluate the importance of sitting ability higher compared to those parents who care for GMFCS I, II and III category children. Furthermore, the results draw attention to the wellbeing and health of the children measurable with CPCHILD as well as that parental caregiver attitudes can be recognized which may give further help in finding the balance between expectations and possibilities during the rehabilitation of cerebral palsy children. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(16): 610-617.

In September 2018, an international meeting of doctors of various disciplines, with expertise in the detection and treatment of DDH, was held in Csolyospalos, Hungary. The aim was to achieve consensus on the detection and early treatment of the condition and to develop a standardized system of teaching and training for hip ultrasound. There was strong agreement that US screening is essential. Specifically the Graf technique was selected as the technique of choice. Universal US screening was strongly favored. Screening should be carried out as soon as possible, but not later than the sixth week of age. US screening is cost-effective, does not result in overtreatment, and contributes to a reduction of long-term consequences. The essential principle of treatment is timely application of a device to achieve reduction, retention and maturation, by holding the hips in flexion, and a safe degree of abduction. It was agreed that the effectiveness of any screening policy depends on the correct scanning technique. Therefore, standardization of teaching and training of the Graf technique is mandatory. A unified teaching policy and materials should be developed for this purpose. Certification, re-certification and audit were discussed. The group, which has been formalized as the International Interdisciplinary Consensus Committee On DDH Evaluation (ICODE), will continue to meet and work towards establishing international consensus on DDH, standardizing and developing teaching and training of the Graf technique for hip US, and maintaining standards for detection and management., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Introduction: Botulinum toxin is used for decreasing spasticity, improving gait pattern and preventing secondary deformities and orthopedic surgeries in children with cerebral palsy. Despite its wide use, there is no evidence for the long-term beneficial effect of the toxin. Aim: The authors focused on the short-term effects of the toxin and on the subjective evaluation done by the parents about the botox treatment. Method: First, the calf muscle of 18 children was treated and casting was also performed. In our second patient group, multilevel lower limb injection was done in 12 cases. Joints' range of motion, muscle tone and spasticity were assessed before and 4-6 weeks after treatment. In ambulatory children, gait analysis was done. Side effects were recorded and parental opinion about the treatment was requested. Results: Increased ankle range of motion and decreased muscle tone and spasticity were seen in our first patient group. In the second group, hip flexion contracture became milder and hip abduction and the popliteal angle improved. However, gait analysis results only slightly changed after botox treatment. Occasional mild and transient adverse effects were observed during the pharmacologically active period of the toxin. Associate beneficial effects were also reported such as better comfort, easier movements, improving function of the non-injected upper limb, decreasing dysarthria and dysphagia. Conclusion: Our study strengthens the observation that botox treatment of the spastic calf muscle together with plaster casting can result in improved ankle dorsiflexion. Multilevel botox treatment can improve lower limb joints range of motion, however, gait pattern remains unchanged. The administration of botulinum toxin with respect to the guidelines has no major adverse effects. Further studies are needed to clarify the observed beneficial associate effects of the toxin. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(28): 1105-1111.

The purpose of this study was to establish a nomogram in order to predict limb length discrepancies in children with unilateral fibular hemimelia more accurately. In 31 children with unilateral fibular hemimelia the femoral-tibial length and skeletal age were determined an average of seven times per case by sequential radiographs during growth. From the data, a skeletal age nomogram was developed which shows a steeply declining mean skeletal age pattern in unilateral fibular hemimelia (the slope in girls was -0.59 and in boys -0.64). This nomogram crosses the normal mean skeletal age line of the Moseley straight-line graph at 10.5 years in girls and at 12 years in boys, and continues to decline until maturity. The results demonstrate an abnormal skeletal maturation process in patients with unilateral fibular hemimelia. The consistently declining steep skeletal age nomogram in unilateral fibular hemimelia makes prediction of skeletal maturity and limb length discrepancy inaccurate by the standard predictive methods particularly when using early skeletal ages. The skeletal age nomogram from our data determines skeletal maturation in children with unilateral fibular hemimelia more accurately, and allows a correct prediction of limb length discrepancy.