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6. Controls on Quaternary geochemical and mineralogical variability in the Koora Basin and South Kenya Rift

Author

National Science Foundation (US), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Research Grants Council (Hong Kong), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), Owen, R. Bernhart, Rabideaux, Nathan, Bright, Jordon, Rosca, Carolina, Renaut, Robin W., Potts, Richard, Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Deino, Alan L., Cohen, Andrew S., Muiruri, Veronica, Dommain, René, National Science Foundation (US), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Research Grants Council (Hong Kong), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), Owen, R. Bernhart, Rabideaux, Nathan, Bright, Jordon, Rosca, Carolina, Renaut, Robin W., Potts, Richard, Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Deino, Alan L., Cohen, Andrew S., Muiruri, Veronica, and Dommain, René

Abstract

The South Kenya Rift is comprised of a series of N-S-oriented grabens with sediments that preserve an approximate one-million-year environmental history that reflects the interplay of climate, tectonism and volcanism. This study attempts to disentangle the relative roles of these major controls by comparing the geochemical records preserved in three sedimentary basins. The study focuses on the Koora Basin using bulk geochemical data in a 139-m-long core. This record is then compared with geochemical data and environmental histories from a 196-m-long core at Magadi and outcrops in the Olorgesailie Basin. Four climatic phases (1000–850; 850–470; 470–400; 400–0 ka) are recognised at Koora, which can also be distinguished in the Magadi and Olorgesailie Basins. However, inter-basin contrasts also suggest that additional, non-climatic factors influenced these geochemical histories, particularly during four intervals. These include 1) the Magadi Transition (MT; ∼770–700 ka), 2) the Magadi Tectonic Event (MTE; ∼540 ka), 3) the Koora Instability Period (KIP; ∼325–180 ka), and 4) the Trona Precipitation Period (TPP; ∼105–0 ka). Prior to the MT, Zr/TiO, La/Lu, Mo, As, V and Na/Ca in Magadi and Koora cores were similar but afterwards diverged. Major reductions in transition metals at Magadi during the MTE reflect tectonically-induced cross-rift drainage diversion. This contrasts with the Koora and Olorgesailie basins where these metals were constant from ∼1000 to 300 ka. The KIP represents a significant increase in volcanic inputs to the Koora Basin and increased geochemical variability. Bromine (Br), which reflects peralkaline volcanic activity and/or evaporative concentration, is elevated during the KIP at Koora but is below detection limits in the rest of the Koora core. Br in the Magadi core does not correlate with that in the Koora record, suggesting contrasting accumulation processes. The TPP represents a phase of trona precipitation at Magadi but not at Koora. This diffe

Published
2024

7. Widespread global peatland establishment and persistence over the last 130,000 y

Author

Treat, Claire C., Kleinen, Thomas, Broothaerts, Nils, Dalton, April S., Dommain, René, Douglas, Thomas A., Drexler, Judith Z., Finkelstein, Sarah A., Grosse, Guido, Hope, Geoffrey, Hutchings, Jack, Jones, Miriam C., Kuhry, Peter, Lacourse, Terri, Lähteenoja, Outi, Loisel, Julie, Notebaert, Bastiaan, Payne, Richard J., Peteet, Dorothy M., Sannel, A. Britta K., Stelling, Jonathan M., Strauss, Jens, Swindles, Graeme T., Talbot, Julie, Tarnocai, Charles, Verstraeten, Gert, Williams, Christopher J., Xia, Zhengyu, Väliranta, Minna, Hättestrand, Martina, Alexanderson, Helena, and Brovkin, Victor

Published
2019

11. First record of Encheloclarias (Teleostei: Clariidae) from Brunei Darussalam with notes on the taxonomic status of E. baculum Ng & Lim, 1993, and E. prolatus Ng & Lim, 1993

Author

Tan, Heok Hui, Sukri, Rahayu Sukmaria, Kahar, Rafhiah, and Dommain, René

Subjects
Actinopterygii, Animalia, Biodiversity, Chordata, Clariidae, Siluriformes, Taxonomy
Abstract

Tan, Heok Hui, Sukri, Rahayu Sukmaria, Kahar, Rafhiah, Dommain, René (2023): First record of Encheloclarias (Teleostei: Clariidae) from Brunei Darussalam with notes on the taxonomic status of E. baculum Ng & Lim, 1993, and E. prolatus Ng & Lim, 1993. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 71: 237-247, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2023-0018

Published
2023

13. Tropical peatland carbon storage linked to global latitudinal trends in peat recalcitrance

Author

Hodgkins, Suzanne B., Richardson, Curtis J., Dommain, René, Wang, Hongjun, Glaser, Paul H., Verbeke, Brittany, Winkler, B. Rose, Cobb, Alexander R., Rich, Virginia I., Missilmani, Malak, Flanagan, Neal, Ho, Mengchi, Hoyt, Alison M., Harvey, Charles F., Vining, S. Rose, Hough, Moira A., Moore, Tim R., Richard, Pierre J. H., De La Cruz, Florentino B., Toufaily, Joumana, Hamdan, Rasha, Cooper, William T., and Chanton, Jeffrey P.

Published
2018
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14. Holocene bidirectional river system along the Kenya Rift and its influence on East African faunal exchange and diversity gradients

Author

Dommain, René, Riedl, Simon, Olaka, Lydia A., de Menocal, Peter B., Deino, Alan L., Owen, R. Bernhart, Muiruri, Veronica, Müller, Johannes, Potts, Richard, Strecker, Manfred R., Dommain, René, Riedl, Simon, Olaka, Lydia A., de Menocal, Peter B., Deino, Alan L., Owen, R. Bernhart, Muiruri, Veronica, Müller, Johannes, Potts, Richard, and Strecker, Manfred R.

Abstract

© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Dommain, R., Riedl, S., Olaka, L. A., deMenocal, P., Deino, A. L., Owen, R. B., Muiruri, V., Müller, J., Potts, R., & Strecker, M. R. Holocene bidirectional river system along the Kenya Rift and its influence on East African faunal exchange and diversity gradients. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(28),(2022): e2121388119, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2121388119., East Africa is a global biodiversity hotspot and exhibits distinct longitudinal diversity gradients from west to east in freshwater fishes and forest mammals. The assembly of this exceptional biodiversity and the drivers behind diversity gradients remain poorly understood, with diversification often studied at local scales and less attention paid to biotic exchange between Afrotropical regions. Here, we reconstruct a river system that existed for several millennia along the now semiarid Kenya Rift Valley during the humid early Holocene and show how this river system influenced postglacial dispersal of fishes and mammals due to its dual role as a dispersal corridor and barrier. Using geomorphological, geochronological, isotopic, and fossil analyses and a synthesis of radiocarbon dates, we find that the overflow of Kenyan rift lakes between 12 and 8 ka before present formed a bidirectional river system consisting of a “Northern River” connected to the Nile Basin and a “Southern River,” a closed basin. The drainage divide between these rivers represented the only viable terrestrial dispersal corridor across the rift. The degree and duration of past hydrological connectivity between adjacent river basins determined spatial diversity gradients for East African fishes. Our reconstruction explains the isolated distribution of Nilotic fish species in modern Kenyan rift lakes, Guineo-Congolian mammal species in forests east of the Kenya Rift, and recent incipient vertebrate speciation and local endemism in this region. Climate-driven rearrangements of drainage networks unrelated to tectonic activity contributed significantly to the assembly of species diversity and modern faunas in the East African biodiversity hotspot., R.D. was funded by a Smithsonian Human Origins Postdoctoral Fellowship and by Geo.X—the Research Network for Geosciences in Berlin and Potsdam. Fig. 1 D, E, and G and SI Appendix, Figs. S1 and S3 are based on the TanDEM-X Science DEM granted to L.A.O. and S.R. by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in 2017. L.A.O. acknowledges the Volkswagen Foundation for funding this study with Grant No. 89369. M.R.S. and S.R. were supported by funds from Potsdam University and the Geothermal Development Company of Kenya, and R.B.O. and V.M. were supported by the Hong Kong General Research Fund. We acknowledge support from the National Museums of Kenya and the Kenya Government permission granted by the Ministry of Sports, Culture and the Arts, and by the National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI) Permits P/14/7709/683 (to R.P.) and P/16/11924/11448 (to L.A.O.). This work is a contribution of the Olorgesailie Drilling Project, for which support from the National Museums of Kenya, the Oldonyo Nyokie Group Ranch, the Peter Buck Fund for Human Origins Research (Smithsonian Institution), the William H. Donner Foundation, the Ruth and Vernon Taylor Foundation, Whitney and Betty MacMillan, and the Smithsonian Human Origins Program is gratefully acknowledged. LacCore is acknowledged for support in drilling and core storage.

Published
2022

19. First record of Encheloclarias (Teleostei: Clariidae) from Brunei Darussalam with notes on the taxonomic status of E. baculum Ng & Lim, 1993, and E. prolatus Ng & Lim, 1993.

Author

Heok Hui Tan, Sukri, Rahayu Sukmaria, Kahar, Rafhiah, and Dommain, René

Subjects
PEAT, SWAMPS, SPECIES, HABITATS, ISLANDS
Abstract

The rare clariid catfish genus Encheloclarias is recorded for the first time from the peat swamp habitat in Brunei Darussalam, representing its northernmost record on the island of Borneo. Upon detailed examination, the Brunei species is keyed out to E. baculum. Using fresh material from Brunei and Sarawak (Malaysia, Borneo), the taxonomic status of E. prolatus is reviewed, and is herein synonymised with E. baculum, as first reviser's action. An updated key for all Encheloclarias species is provided, and ecological notes on the Brunei material discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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21. Quaternary diatoms and palaeoenvironments of the Koora Plain, southern Kenya rift

Author

Muiruri, Veronica, primary, Owen, R. Bernhart, additional, Potts, Richard, additional, Deino, Alan L., additional, Behrensmeyer, Anna K., additional, Riedl, Simon, additional, Rabideaux, Nathan, additional, Beverly, Emily J., additional, Renaut, Robin W., additional, Moerman, Jessica W., additional, Deocampo, Daniel, additional, Faith, J. Tyler, additional, Noren, Anders, additional, Cohen, Andrew S., additional, Shannon, Kristina Brady, additional, and Dommain, René, additional

Published
2021
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22. Carbon storage capacity of tropical peatlands in natural and artificial drainage networks

Author

Cobb, Alexander R, Dommain, René, Tan, Fangyi, Hwee En Heng, Naomi, Harvey, Charles F, Cobb, Alexander R, Dommain, René, Tan, Fangyi, Hwee En Heng, Naomi, and Harvey, Charles F

Abstract

Tropical peatlands store over 75 gigatons of carbon as organic matter that is protected from decomposition and fire by waterlogging if left undrained. Over millennia, this organic matter builds up between channels or rivers into gently mounded shapes called peat domes. Measurements of peat accumulation and water flow suggest that tropical peat domes approach a steady state in which the peat surface morphology is described by a uniform curvature, setting a limit on the carbon that a peatland can store. We explored the maximum amount of carbon that can accumulate as water-saturated peat in natural and artificial drainage networks of northwest and southern Borneo. We find that the maximum volume of peat accumulation in a channel-bounded parcel is proportional to the square of the parcel area times a scale-independent factor describing the shape of the parcel boundary. Thus, carbon capacity per area scales roughly with mean parcel area in the peatland. Our analysis provides a tool that can be used to predict the long-term impacts of artificial drainage, and to devise optimal strategies for arresting fires and greenhouse gas emissions in tropical peatlands.

Published
2021

23. The Challenges of Reconstructing Tropical Biodiversity With Sedimentary Ancient DNA

Author

Dommain, René, Andama, Morgan, McDonough, Molly M., Prado, Natalia A., Goldhammer, Tobias, Potts, Richard, Maldonado, Jesús E., Nkurunungi, John Bosco, and Campana, Michael G.

Abstract

Sedimentary ancient DNA has been proposed as a key methodology for reconstructing biodiversity over time. Yet, despite the concentration of Earth’s biodiversity in the tropics, this method has rarely been applied in this region. Moreover, the taphonomy of sedimentary DNA, especially in tropical environments, is poorly understood. This study elucidates challenges and opportunities of sedimentary ancient DNA approaches for reconstructing tropical biodiversity. We present shotgun-sequenced metagenomic profiles and DNA degradation patterns from multiple sediment cores from Mubwindi Swamp, located in Bwindi Impenetrable Forest (Uganda), one of the most diverse forests in Africa. We describe the taxonomic composition of the sediments covering the past 2200 years and compare the sedimentary DNA data with a comprehensive set of environmental and sedimentological parameters to unravel the conditions of DNA degradation. Consistent with the preservation of authentic ancient DNA in tropical swamp sediments, DNA concentration and mean fragment length declined exponentially with age and depth, while terminal deamination increased with age. DNA preservation patterns cannot be explained by any environmental parameter alone, but age seems to be the primary driver of DNA degradation in the swamp. Besides degradation, the presence of living microbial communities in the sediment also affects DNA quantity. Critically, 92.3% of our metagenomic data of a total 81.8 million unique, merged reads cannot be taxonomically identified due to the absence of genomic references in public databases. Of the remaining 7.7%, most of the data (93.0%) derive from Bacteria and Archaea, whereas only 0–5.8% are from Metazoa and 0–6.9% from Viridiplantae, in part due to unbalanced taxa representation in the reference data. The plant DNA record at ordinal level agrees well with local pollen data but resolves less diversity. Our animal DNA record reveals the presence of 41 native taxa (16 orders) including Afrotheria, Carnivora, and Ruminantia at Bwindi during the past 2200 years. Overall, we observe no decline in taxonomic richness with increasing age suggesting that several-thousand-year-old information on past biodiversity can be retrieved from tropical sediments. However, comprehensive genomic surveys of tropical biota need prioritization for sedimentary DNA to be a viable methodology for future tropical biodiversity studies., Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 970

Published
2020
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24. Increased Ecological Resource Variability during a Critical Transition in Hominin Evolution

Author

Potts, Richard, Dommain, René, Moerman, Jessica W., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Deino, Alan L., Riedl, Simon, Beverly, Emily J., Brown, Erik T., Deocampo, Daniel, Kinyanjui, Rahab, Lupien, Rachel, Owen, R. Bernhart, Rabideaux, Nathan, Russell, James M., Stockhecke, Mona, deMenocal, Peter, Faith, J. Tyler, Garcin, Yannick, Noren, Anders, Scott, Jennifer J., Western, David, Bright, Jordon, Clark, Jennifer B., Cohen, Andrew S., Keller, C. Brehnin, King, John W., Levin, Naomi E., Shannon, Kristina Brady, Muiruri, Veronica, Renaut, Robin W., Rucina, Stephen M., Uno, Kevin, Potts, Richard, Dommain, René, Moerman, Jessica W., Behrensmeyer, Anna K., Deino, Alan L., Riedl, Simon, Beverly, Emily J., Brown, Erik T., Deocampo, Daniel, Kinyanjui, Rahab, Lupien, Rachel, Owen, R. Bernhart, Rabideaux, Nathan, Russell, James M., Stockhecke, Mona, deMenocal, Peter, Faith, J. Tyler, Garcin, Yannick, Noren, Anders, Scott, Jennifer J., Western, David, Bright, Jordon, Clark, Jennifer B., Cohen, Andrew S., Keller, C. Brehnin, King, John W., Levin, Naomi E., Shannon, Kristina Brady, Muiruri, Veronica, Renaut, Robin W., Rucina, Stephen M., and Uno, Kevin

Abstract

Although climate change is considered to have been a large-scale driver of African human evolution, landscape-scale shifts in ecological resources that may have shaped novel hominin adaptations are rarely investigated. We use well-dated, high-resolution, drill-core datasets to understand ecological dynamics associated with a major adaptive transition in the archeological record ~24 km from the coring site. Outcrops preserve evidence of the replacement of Acheulean by Middle Stone Age (MSA) technological, cognitive, and social innovations between 500 and 300 thousand years (ka) ago, contemporaneous with large-scale taxonomic and adaptive turnover in mammal herbivores. Beginning ~400 ka ago, tectonic, hydrological, and ecological changes combined to disrupt a relatively stable resource base, prompting fluctuations of increasing magnitude in freshwater availability, grassland communities, and woody plant cover. Interaction of these factors offers a resource-oriented hypothesis for the evolutionary success of MSA adaptations, which likely contributed to the ecological flexibility typical of Homo sapiens foragers.

Published
2020

25. Tropical peatland carbon storage linked to global latitudinal trends in peat recalcitrance

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hodgkins, Suzanne B., Richardson, Curtis J., Dommain, René, Wang, Hongjun, Glaser, Paul H., Verbeke, Brittany, Winkler, B. Rose, Cobb, Alexander R., Rich, Virginia I., Missilmani, Malak, Flanagan, Neal, Ho, Mengchi, Hoyt, Alison M., Harvey, Charles F, Vining, S. Rose, Hough, Moira A., Moore, Tim R., Richard, Pierre J. H., De La Cruz, Florentino B., Toufaily, Joumana, Hamdan, Rasha, Cooper, William T., Chanton, Jeffrey P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hodgkins, Suzanne B., Richardson, Curtis J., Dommain, René, Wang, Hongjun, Glaser, Paul H., Verbeke, Brittany, Winkler, B. Rose, Cobb, Alexander R., Rich, Virginia I., Missilmani, Malak, Flanagan, Neal, Ho, Mengchi, Hoyt, Alison M., Harvey, Charles F, Vining, S. Rose, Hough, Moira A., Moore, Tim R., Richard, Pierre J. H., De La Cruz, Florentino B., Toufaily, Joumana, Hamdan, Rasha, Cooper, William T., and Chanton, Jeffrey P.

Abstract

Peatlands represent large terrestrial carbon banks. Given that most peat accumulates in boreal regions, where low temperatures and water saturation preserve organic matter, the existence of peat in (sub)tropical regions remains enigmatic. Here we examined peat and plant chemistry across a latitudinal transect from the Arctic to the tropics. Near-surface low-latitude peat has lower carbohydrate and greater aromatic content than near-surface high-latitude peat, creating a reduced oxidation state and resulting recalcitrance. This recalcitrance allows peat to persist in the (sub)tropics despite warm temperatures. Because we observed similar declines in carbohydrate content with depth in high-latitude peat, our data explain recent field-scale deep peat warming experiments in which catotelm (deeper) peat remained stable despite temperature increases up to 9 °C. We suggest that high-latitude deep peat reservoirs may be stabilized in the face of climate change by their ultimately lower carbohydrate and higher aromatic composition, similar to tropical peats., National Science Foundation (Grant 1114155), National Science Foundation (Grant 1114161), NSF (Award 0628647), US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (contract DE-SC0012088), US Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research under the Genomic Science program (Award DE-SC0004632), US Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research under the Genomic Science program (Award DE-SC0010580), US Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research under the Genomic Science program (Award DE-SC0016440), NASA Interdisciplinary Studies in Earth Science program (Award NNX17AK10G), US Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research under the Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences program (Award DE-SC0012272)

Published
2020

26. Biodiversity and DNA degradation patterns recorded in a 2200-year-long sequence of sedimentary ancient DNA from the afrotropical Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, Uganda

Author

Dommain, René, primary, Andama, Morgan, additional, McDonough, Molly M., additional, Prado, Natalia A., additional, Goldhammer, Tobias, additional, Potts, Richard, additional, Maldonado, Jesús E., additional, Nkurunungi, John Bosco, additional, and Campana, Michael G., additional

Published
2021
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27. Increased ecological resource variability during a critical transition in hominin evolution

Author

Potts, Richard, primary, Dommain, René, additional, Moerman, Jessica W., additional, Behrensmeyer, Anna K., additional, Deino, Alan L., additional, Riedl, Simon, additional, Beverly, Emily J., additional, Brown, Erik T., additional, Deocampo, Daniel, additional, Kinyanjui, Rahab, additional, Lupien, Rachel, additional, Owen, R. Bernhart, additional, Rabideaux, Nathan, additional, Russell, James M., additional, Stockhecke, Mona, additional, deMenocal, Peter, additional, Faith, J. Tyler, additional, Garcin, Yannick, additional, Noren, Anders, additional, Scott, Jennifer J., additional, Western, David, additional, Bright, Jordon, additional, Clark, Jennifer B., additional, Cohen, Andrew S., additional, Keller, C. Brehnin, additional, King, John, additional, Levin, Naomi E., additional, Brady Shannon, Kristina, additional, Muiruri, Veronica, additional, Renaut, Robin W., additional, Rucina, Stephen M., additional, and Uno, Kevin, additional

Published
2020
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33. The Challenges of Reconstructing Tropical Biodiversity With Sedimentary Ancient DNA

Author

Dommain, René (Dr.), Andama, Morgan, McDonough, Molly M., Prado, Natalia A., Goldhammer, Tobias (Dr.), Potts, Richard, Maldonado, Jesús E. (Dr.), Nkurunungi, John Bosco (Dr.), and Campana, Michael G. (Dr.)

Subjects
ddc:570, Institut für Geowissenschaften
Abstract

Sedimentary ancient DNA has been proposed as a key methodology for reconstructing biodiversity over time. Yet, despite the concentration of Earth’s biodiversity in the tropics, this method has rarely been applied in this region. Moreover, the taphonomy of sedimentary DNA, especially in tropical environments, is poorly understood. This study elucidates challenges and opportunities of sedimentary ancient DNA approaches for reconstructing tropical biodiversity. We present shotgun-sequenced metagenomic profiles and DNA degradation patterns from multiple sediment cores from Mubwindi Swamp, located in Bwindi Impenetrable Forest (Uganda), one of the most diverse forests in Africa. We describe the taxonomic composition of the sediments covering the past 2200 years and compare the sedimentary DNA data with a comprehensive set of environmental and sedimentological parameters to unravel the conditions of DNA degradation. Consistent with the preservation of authentic ancient DNA in tropical swamp sediments, DNA concentration and mean fragment length declined exponentially with age and depth, while terminal deamination increased with age. DNA preservation patterns cannot be explained by any environmental parameter alone, but age seems to be the primary driver of DNA degradation in the swamp. Besides degradation, the presence of living microbial communities in the sediment also affects DNA quantity. Critically, 92.3% of our metagenomic data of a total 81.8 million unique, merged reads cannot be taxonomically identified due to the absence of genomic references in public databases. Of the remaining 7.7%, most of the data (93.0%) derive from Bacteria and Archaea, whereas only 0–5.8% are from Metazoa and 0–6.9% from Viridiplantae, in part due to unbalanced taxa representation in the reference data. The plant DNA record at ordinal level agrees well with local pollen data but resolves less diversity. Our animal DNA record reveals the presence of 41 native taxa (16 orders) including Afrotheria, Carnivora, and Ruminantia at Bwindi during the past 2200 years. Overall, we observe no decline in taxonomic richness with increasing age suggesting that several-thousand-year-old information on past biodiversity can be retrieved from tropical sediments. However, comprehensive genomic surveys of tropical biota need prioritization for sedimentary DNA to be a viable methodology for future tropical biodiversity studies.

Published
2019

34. The Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project

Author

Cohen, Abby, Campisano, Christopher, Arrowsmith, J. Ramon, Asrat, Asfawossen, Behrensmeyer, A. K., Deino, A., Feibel, C., Hill, A., Johnson, R., Kingston, J., Lamb, Henry F., Lowenstein, T., Noren, A., Olago, D., Owen, Richard Bernhart, Potts, R., Reed, Kate, Renaut, R., Schäbitz, F., Tiercelin, J.-J., Trauth, Martin H. (Apl. Prof. Dr.), Wynn, J., Ivory, S., Brady, K., O’Grady, R., Rodysill, J., Githiri, J., Russell, Joellen, Foerster, Verena (Dr.), Dommain, René, Rucina, J. S., Deocampo, D., Russell, J., Billingsley, A., Beck, C., Dorenbeck, G., Dullo, L., Feary, D., Garello, D., Gromig, R., Johnson, T., Junginger, Annett, Karanja, M., Kimburi, E., Mbuthia, A., McCartney, Tannis, McNulty, E., Muiruri, V., Nambiro, E., Negash, E. W., Njagi, D., Wilson, J. N., Rabideaux, N., Raub, Timothy, Sier, Mark Jan, Smith, P., Urban, J., Warren, M., Yadeta, M., Yost, Chad, and Zinaye, B.

Subjects
ddc:550, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät
Abstract

The role that climate and environmental history may have played in influencing human evolution has been the focus of considerable interest and controversy among paleoanthropologists for decades. Prior attempts to understand the environmental history side of this equation have centered around the study of outcrop sediments and fossils adjacent to where fossil hominins (ancestors or close relatives of modern humans) are found, or from the study of deep sea drill cores. However, outcrop sediments are often highly weathered and thus are unsuitable for some types of paleoclimatic records, and deep sea core records come from long distances away from the actual fossil and stone tool remains. The Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project (HSPDP) was developed to address these issues. The project has focused its efforts on the eastern African Rift Valley, where much of the evidence for early hominins has been recovered. We have collected about 2 km of sediment drill core from six basins in Kenya and Ethiopia, in lake deposits immediately adjacent to important fossil hominin and archaeological sites. Collectively these cores cover in time many of the key transitions and critical intervals in human evolutionary history over the last 4 Ma, such as the earliest stone tools, the origin of our own genus Homo, and the earliest anatomically modern Homo sapiens. Here we document the initial field, physical property, and core description results of the 2012-2014 HSPDP coring campaign.

Published
2019

35. How temporal patterns in rainfall determine the geomorphology and carbon fluxes of tropical peatlands

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hoyt, Alison May, Harvey, Charles F, Cobb, Alexander R., Gandois, Laure, Eri, Jangarun, Dommain, René, Abu Salim, Kamariah, Kai, Fuu Ming, Haji Su’ut, Nur Salihah, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hoyt, Alison May, Harvey, Charles F, Cobb, Alexander R., Gandois, Laure, Eri, Jangarun, Dommain, René, Abu Salim, Kamariah, Kai, Fuu Ming, and Haji Su’ut, Nur Salihah

Abstract

Tropical peatlands now emit hundreds of megatons of carbon dioxide per year because of human disruption of the feedbacks that link peat accumulation and groundwater hydrology. However, no quantitative theory has existed for how patterns of carbon storage and release accompanying growth and subsidence of tropical peatlands are affected by climate and disturbance. Using comprehensive data from a pristine peatland in Brunei Darussalam, we show how rainfall and groundwater flow determine a shape parameter (the Laplacian of the peat surface elevation) that specifies, under a given rainfall regime, the ultimate, stable morphology, and hence carbon storage, of a tropical peatland within a network of rivers or canals. We find that peatlands reach their ultimate shape first at the edges of peat domes where they are bounded by rivers, so that the rate of carbon uptake accompanying their growth is proportional to the area of the still-growing dome interior. We use this model to study how tropical peatland carbon storage and fluxes are controlled by changes in climate, sea level, and drainage networks. We find that fluctuations in net precipitation on timescales from hours to years can reduce long-term peat accumulation. Our mathematical and numerical models can be used to predict long-term effects of changes in temporal rainfall patterns and drainage networks on tropical peatland geomorphology and carbon storage.

Published
2018

37. Using DNA archived in lake sediments to reconstruct past ecosystems

Author

Picard, Maïlys, Von Eggers, Jordan, Brasell, Katie A., Yan, Dongna, Klaminder, Jonatan, Alsos, Inger G., Barouillet, Cécilia, Cheng, Yuanyu, Dommain, René, Dulias, Katharina, Duxbury, Lucinda, Edwards, Mary E., Pastor, Sandra Garcés, Harning, David, Hudson, Samuel M., Huston, Grayson, Kaynar, Sevgi, Kurte, Lenka, Leunda, Maria, Lopez, Mark Louie D., Moguel, Bárbara, Olajos, Fredrik, Pérez, Vilma, Revéret, Aloïs, Rijal, Dilli P., Rydberg, Johan, Schwörer, Christoph, Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen R., Taranu, Zofia E., Thomson-Laing, Georgia, Thorpe, Amy, Tiedemann, Ralph, Nogales, Luis Victoria, Wang, Yucheng, Wood, Susanna A., and Capo, Eric

Published
2013
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38. The evolutionary origin and population history of the grauer gorilla

Author

Tocheri, Matthew W., primary, Dommain, René, additional, McFarlin, Shannon C., additional, Burnett, Scott E., additional, Troy Case, D., additional, Orr, Caley M., additional, Roach, Neil T., additional, Villmoare, Brian, additional, Eriksen, Amandine B., additional, Kalthoff, Daniela C., additional, Senck, Sascha, additional, Assefa, Zelalem, additional, Groves, Colin P., additional, and Jungers, William L., additional

Published
2016
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39. Forest dynamics and tip-up pools drive pulses of high carbon accumulation rates in a tropical peat dome in Borneo (Southeast Asia)

Author

Dommain, René, primary, Cobb, Alexander R., additional, Joosten, Hans, additional, Glaser, Paul H., additional, Chua, Amy F. L., additional, Gandois, Laure, additional, Kai, Fuu-Ming, additional, Noren, Anders, additional, Salim, Kamariah A., additional, Su'ut, N. Salihah H., additional, and Harvey, Charles F., additional

Published
2015
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42. Tropical peatland carbon storage linked to global latitudinal trends in peat recalcitrance

Author

Hodgkins, Suzanne B., Richardson, Curtis J., Dommain, René, Wang, Hongjun, Glaser, Paul H., Verbeke, Brittany, Winkler, B. Rose, Cobb, Alexander R., Rich, Virginia I., Missilmani, Malak, Flanagan, Neal, Ho, Mengchi, Hoyt, Alison M., Harvey, Charles F., Vining, S. Rose, Hough, Moira A., Moore, Tim R., Richard, Pierre J. H., De La Cruz, Florentino B., Toufaily, Joumana, Hamdan, Rasha, Cooper, William T., and Chanton, Jeffrey P.

Subjects
500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik, 13. Climate action, 15. Life on land
Abstract

Peatlands represent large terrestrial carbon banks. Given that most peat accumulates in boreal regions, where low temperatures and water saturation preserve organic matter, the existence of peat in (sub)tropical regions remains enigmatic. Here we examined peat and plant chemistry across a latitudinal transect from the Arctic to the tropics. Near-surface low-latitude peat has lower carbohydrate and greater aromatic content than near-surface high-latitude peat, creating a reduced oxidation state and resulting recalcitrance. This recalcitrance allows peat to persist in the (sub)tropics despite warm temperatures. Because we observed similar declines in carbohydrate content with depth in high-latitude peat, our data explain recent field-scale deep peat warming experiments in which catotelm (deeper) peat remained stable despite temperature increases up to 9 degrees C. We suggest that high-latitude deep peat reservoirs may be stabilized in the face of climate change by their ultimately lower carbohydrate and higher aromatic composition, similar to tropical peats., Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe; 1125

44. Denial of long-term issues with agriculture on tropical peatlands will have devastating consequences

Author

Wijedasa, Lahiru S., Jauhiainen, Jyrki, Könönen, Mari, Lampela, Maija, Vasander, Harri, LeBlanc, Marie-Claire, Evers, Stephanie, Smith, Thomas E.L., Yule, Catherine M., Varkkey, Helena, Lupascu, Massimo, Parish, Faizal, Singleton, Ian, Clements, Gopalasamy R., Aziz, Sheema Abdul, Harrison, Mark E., Cheyne, Susan, Anshari, Gusti Z., Meijaard, Erik, Goldstein, Jenny E., Waldron, Susan, Hergoualc'h, Kristell, Dommain, René, Frolking, Steve, Evans, Christopher D., Posa, Mary Rose C., Glaser, Paul H., Suryadiputra, Nyoman, Lubis, Reza, Santika, Truly, Padfield, Rory, Kurnianto, Sofyan, Hadisiswoyo, Panut, Lim, Teck Wyn, Page, Susan E., Gauci, Vincent, van der Meer, Peter J, Buckland, Helen, Garnier, Fabien, Samuel, Marshall K., Choo, Liza Nuriati Lim Kim, O'Reilly, Patrick, Warren, Matthew, Suksuwan, Surin, Sumarga, Elham, Jain, Anuj, Laurance, William F., Couwenberg, John, Joosten, Hans, Vernimmen, Ronald, Hooijer, Aljosja, Malins, Chris, Cochrane, Mark A., Perumal, Balu, Siegert, Florian, Peh, Kelvin S.-H., Comeau, Louis-Pierre, Verchot, Louis, Harvey, Charles F., Cobb, Alex, Jaafar, Zeehan, Wösten, Henk, Manuri, Solichin, Müller, Moritz, Giesen, Wim, Phelps, Jacob, Yong, Ding Li, Silvius, Marcel, Wedeux, Béatrice M. M., Hoyt, Alison, Osaki, Mitsuru, Takashi, Hirano, Takahashi, Hidenori, Kohyama, Takashi S., Haraguchi, Akira, Nugroho, Nunung P., Coomes, David A., Quoi, Le Phat, Dohong, Alue, Gunawan, Haris, Gaveau, David L.A., Langner, Andreas, Lim, Felix K. S., Edwards, David P., Giam, Xingli, van der Werf, Guido, Carmenta, Rachel, Verwer, Caspar C., Gibson, Luke, Grandois, Laure, Graham, Laura Linda Bozena, Regalino, Jhanson, Wich, Serge A., Rieley, Jack, Kettridge, Nicholas, Brown, Chloe, Pirard, Romain, Moore, Sam, Ripoll Capilla, B., Ballhorn, Uwe, Ho, Hua Chew, Hoscilo, Agata, Lohberger, Sandra, Evans, Theodore A., Yulianti, Nina, Blackham, Grace, Onrizal, Husson, Simon, Murdiyarso, Daniel, Pangala, Sunita, Cole, Lydia E.S., Tacconi, Luca, Segah, Hendrik, Tonoto, Prayoto, Lee, Janice S.H., Schmilewski, Gerald, Wulffraat, Stephan, Putra, Erianto Indra, Cattau, Megan E., Clymo, R.S., Morrison, Ross, Mujahid, Aazani, Miettinen, Jukka, Liew, Soo Chin, Valpola, Samu, Wilson, David, D'Arcy, Laura, Gerding, Michiel, Sundari, Siti, Thornton, Sara A., Kalisz, Barbara, Chapman, Stephen J., Su, Ahmad Suhaizi Mat, Basuki, Imam, Itoh, Masayuki, Traeholt, Carl, Sloan, Sean, Sayok, Alexander K., Andersen, Roxane, Wijedasa, Lahiru S., Jauhiainen, Jyrki, Könönen, Mari, Lampela, Maija, Vasander, Harri, LeBlanc, Marie-Claire, Evers, Stephanie, Smith, Thomas E.L., Yule, Catherine M., Varkkey, Helena, Lupascu, Massimo, Parish, Faizal, Singleton, Ian, Clements, Gopalasamy R., Aziz, Sheema Abdul, Harrison, Mark E., Cheyne, Susan, Anshari, Gusti Z., Meijaard, Erik, Goldstein, Jenny E., Waldron, Susan, Hergoualc'h, Kristell, Dommain, René, Frolking, Steve, Evans, Christopher D., Posa, Mary Rose C., Glaser, Paul H., Suryadiputra, Nyoman, Lubis, Reza, Santika, Truly, Padfield, Rory, Kurnianto, Sofyan, Hadisiswoyo, Panut, Lim, Teck Wyn, Page, Susan E., Gauci, Vincent, van der Meer, Peter J, Buckland, Helen, Garnier, Fabien, Samuel, Marshall K., Choo, Liza Nuriati Lim Kim, O'Reilly, Patrick, Warren, Matthew, Suksuwan, Surin, Sumarga, Elham, Jain, Anuj, Laurance, William F., Couwenberg, John, Joosten, Hans, Vernimmen, Ronald, Hooijer, Aljosja, Malins, Chris, Cochrane, Mark A., Perumal, Balu, Siegert, Florian, Peh, Kelvin S.-H., Comeau, Louis-Pierre, Verchot, Louis, Harvey, Charles F., Cobb, Alex, Jaafar, Zeehan, Wösten, Henk, Manuri, Solichin, Müller, Moritz, Giesen, Wim, Phelps, Jacob, Yong, Ding Li, Silvius, Marcel, Wedeux, Béatrice M. M., Hoyt, Alison, Osaki, Mitsuru, Takashi, Hirano, Takahashi, Hidenori, Kohyama, Takashi S., Haraguchi, Akira, Nugroho, Nunung P., Coomes, David A., Quoi, Le Phat, Dohong, Alue, Gunawan, Haris, Gaveau, David L.A., Langner, Andreas, Lim, Felix K. S., Edwards, David P., Giam, Xingli, van der Werf, Guido, Carmenta, Rachel, Verwer, Caspar C., Gibson, Luke, Grandois, Laure, Graham, Laura Linda Bozena, Regalino, Jhanson, Wich, Serge A., Rieley, Jack, Kettridge, Nicholas, Brown, Chloe, Pirard, Romain, Moore, Sam, Ripoll Capilla, B., Ballhorn, Uwe, Ho, Hua Chew, Hoscilo, Agata, Lohberger, Sandra, Evans, Theodore A., Yulianti, Nina, Blackham, Grace, Onrizal, Husson, Simon, Murdiyarso, Daniel, Pangala, Sunita, Cole, Lydia E.S., Tacconi, Luca, Segah, Hendrik, Tonoto, Prayoto, Lee, Janice S.H., Schmilewski, Gerald, Wulffraat, Stephan, Putra, Erianto Indra, Cattau, Megan E., Clymo, R.S., Morrison, Ross, Mujahid, Aazani, Miettinen, Jukka, Liew, Soo Chin, Valpola, Samu, Wilson, David, D'Arcy, Laura, Gerding, Michiel, Sundari, Siti, Thornton, Sara A., Kalisz, Barbara, Chapman, Stephen J., Su, Ahmad Suhaizi Mat, Basuki, Imam, Itoh, Masayuki, Traeholt, Carl, Sloan, Sean, Sayok, Alexander K., and Andersen, Roxane

Abstract

The first International Peat Congress (IPC) held in the tropics - in Kuching (Malaysia) - brought together over 1000 international peatland scientists and industrial partners from across the world (“International Peat Congress with over 1000 participants!,” 2016). The congress covered all aspects of peatland ecosystems and their management, with a strong focus on the environmental, societal and economic challenges associated with contemporary large-scale agricultural conversion of tropical peat.

45. Denial of long-term issues with agriculture on tropical peatlands will have devastating consequences

Author

Wijedasa, Lahiru S., Jauhiainen, Jyrki, Könönen, Mari, Lampela, Maija, Vasander, Harri, LeBlanc, Marie-Claire, Evers, Stephanie, Smith, Thomas E.L., Yule, Catherine M., Varkkey, Helena, Lupascu, Massimo, Parish, Faizal, Singleton, Ian, Clements, Gopalasamy R., Aziz, Sheema Abdul, Harrison, Mark E., Cheyne, Susan, Anshari, Gusti Z., Meijaard, Erik, Goldstein, Jenny E., Waldron, Susan, Hergoualc'h, Kristell, Dommain, René, Frolking, Steve, Evans, Christopher D., Posa, Mary Rose C., Glaser, Paul H., Suryadiputra, Nyoman, Lubis, Reza, Santika, Truly, Padfield, Rory, Kurnianto, Sofyan, Hadisiswoyo, Panut, Lim, Teck Wyn, Page, Susan E., Gauci, Vincent, van der Meer, Peter J, Buckland, Helen, Garnier, Fabien, Samuel, Marshall K., Choo, Liza Nuriati Lim Kim, O'Reilly, Patrick, Warren, Matthew, Suksuwan, Surin, Sumarga, Elham, Jain, Anuj, Laurance, William F., Couwenberg, John, Joosten, Hans, Vernimmen, Ronald, Hooijer, Aljosja, Malins, Chris, Cochrane, Mark A., Perumal, Balu, Siegert, Florian, Peh, Kelvin S.-H., Comeau, Louis-Pierre, Verchot, Louis, Harvey, Charles F., Cobb, Alex, Jaafar, Zeehan, Wösten, Henk, Manuri, Solichin, Müller, Moritz, Giesen, Wim, Phelps, Jacob, Yong, Ding Li, Silvius, Marcel, Wedeux, Béatrice M. M., Hoyt, Alison, Osaki, Mitsuru, Takashi, Hirano, Takahashi, Hidenori, Kohyama, Takashi S., Haraguchi, Akira, Nugroho, Nunung P., Coomes, David A., Quoi, Le Phat, Dohong, Alue, Gunawan, Haris, Gaveau, David L.A., Langner, Andreas, Lim, Felix K. S., Edwards, David P., Giam, Xingli, van der Werf, Guido, Carmenta, Rachel, Verwer, Caspar C., Gibson, Luke, Grandois, Laure, Graham, Laura Linda Bozena, Regalino, Jhanson, Wich, Serge A., Rieley, Jack, Kettridge, Nicholas, Brown, Chloe, Pirard, Romain, Moore, Sam, Ripoll Capilla, B., Ballhorn, Uwe, Ho, Hua Chew, Hoscilo, Agata, Lohberger, Sandra, Evans, Theodore A., Yulianti, Nina, Blackham, Grace, Onrizal, Husson, Simon, Murdiyarso, Daniel, Pangala, Sunita, Cole, Lydia E.S., Tacconi, Luca, Segah, Hendrik, Tonoto, Prayoto, Lee, Janice S.H., Schmilewski, Gerald, Wulffraat, Stephan, Putra, Erianto Indra, Cattau, Megan E., Clymo, R.S., Morrison, Ross, Mujahid, Aazani, Miettinen, Jukka, Liew, Soo Chin, Valpola, Samu, Wilson, David, D'Arcy, Laura, Gerding, Michiel, Sundari, Siti, Thornton, Sara A., Kalisz, Barbara, Chapman, Stephen J., Su, Ahmad Suhaizi Mat, Basuki, Imam, Itoh, Masayuki, Traeholt, Carl, Sloan, Sean, Sayok, Alexander K., Andersen, Roxane, Wijedasa, Lahiru S., Jauhiainen, Jyrki, Könönen, Mari, Lampela, Maija, Vasander, Harri, LeBlanc, Marie-Claire, Evers, Stephanie, Smith, Thomas E.L., Yule, Catherine M., Varkkey, Helena, Lupascu, Massimo, Parish, Faizal, Singleton, Ian, Clements, Gopalasamy R., Aziz, Sheema Abdul, Harrison, Mark E., Cheyne, Susan, Anshari, Gusti Z., Meijaard, Erik, Goldstein, Jenny E., Waldron, Susan, Hergoualc'h, Kristell, Dommain, René, Frolking, Steve, Evans, Christopher D., Posa, Mary Rose C., Glaser, Paul H., Suryadiputra, Nyoman, Lubis, Reza, Santika, Truly, Padfield, Rory, Kurnianto, Sofyan, Hadisiswoyo, Panut, Lim, Teck Wyn, Page, Susan E., Gauci, Vincent, van der Meer, Peter J, Buckland, Helen, Garnier, Fabien, Samuel, Marshall K., Choo, Liza Nuriati Lim Kim, O'Reilly, Patrick, Warren, Matthew, Suksuwan, Surin, Sumarga, Elham, Jain, Anuj, Laurance, William F., Couwenberg, John, Joosten, Hans, Vernimmen, Ronald, Hooijer, Aljosja, Malins, Chris, Cochrane, Mark A., Perumal, Balu, Siegert, Florian, Peh, Kelvin S.-H., Comeau, Louis-Pierre, Verchot, Louis, Harvey, Charles F., Cobb, Alex, Jaafar, Zeehan, Wösten, Henk, Manuri, Solichin, Müller, Moritz, Giesen, Wim, Phelps, Jacob, Yong, Ding Li, Silvius, Marcel, Wedeux, Béatrice M. M., Hoyt, Alison, Osaki, Mitsuru, Takashi, Hirano, Takahashi, Hidenori, Kohyama, Takashi S., Haraguchi, Akira, Nugroho, Nunung P., Coomes, David A., Quoi, Le Phat, Dohong, Alue, Gunawan, Haris, Gaveau, David L.A., Langner, Andreas, Lim, Felix K. S., Edwards, David P., Giam, Xingli, van der Werf, Guido, Carmenta, Rachel, Verwer, Caspar C., Gibson, Luke, Grandois, Laure, Graham, Laura Linda Bozena, Regalino, Jhanson, Wich, Serge A., Rieley, Jack, Kettridge, Nicholas, Brown, Chloe, Pirard, Romain, Moore, Sam, Ripoll Capilla, B., Ballhorn, Uwe, Ho, Hua Chew, Hoscilo, Agata, Lohberger, Sandra, Evans, Theodore A., Yulianti, Nina, Blackham, Grace, Onrizal, Husson, Simon, Murdiyarso, Daniel, Pangala, Sunita, Cole, Lydia E.S., Tacconi, Luca, Segah, Hendrik, Tonoto, Prayoto, Lee, Janice S.H., Schmilewski, Gerald, Wulffraat, Stephan, Putra, Erianto Indra, Cattau, Megan E., Clymo, R.S., Morrison, Ross, Mujahid, Aazani, Miettinen, Jukka, Liew, Soo Chin, Valpola, Samu, Wilson, David, D'Arcy, Laura, Gerding, Michiel, Sundari, Siti, Thornton, Sara A., Kalisz, Barbara, Chapman, Stephen J., Su, Ahmad Suhaizi Mat, Basuki, Imam, Itoh, Masayuki, Traeholt, Carl, Sloan, Sean, Sayok, Alexander K., and Andersen, Roxane

Abstract

The first International Peat Congress (IPC) held in the tropics - in Kuching (Malaysia) - brought together over 1000 international peatland scientists and industrial partners from across the world (“International Peat Congress with over 1000 participants!,” 2016). The congress covered all aspects of peatland ecosystems and their management, with a strong focus on the environmental, societal and economic challenges associated with contemporary large-scale agricultural conversion of tropical peat.

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