58 results on '"Dominik K. Großkinsky"'
Search Results
2. Leaf carbohydrate metabolic enzyme activities are associated with salt tolerance and yield stability in the climate-resilient crop Camelina sativa
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Peter Stasnik, Johann Vollmann, Dominik K. Großkinsky, and Claudia Jonak
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Abiotic stress ,Metabolic plasticity ,Oilseed crop ,Salinity ,Salt tolerance ,Plant ecology ,QK900-989 - Abstract
Soil salinity is an increasingly severe problem affecting plant growth and development thus posing a threat to agricultural production worldwide. Many crops currently grown are susceptible to even moderate salt stress, and crop diversification is sought to cope with increasingly challenging environmental conditions. Camelina sativa is a versatile, underutilized, low-input Brassicaceae oilseed crop valued for its high-quality seeds and its resilience to a wide range of climate conditions. In this study, the effects of salt stress on the growth and productivity of two camelina cultivars and six landraces from different geographic regions were examined. The performance of these lines was related to adjustments in their carbohydrate metabolic enzyme activity profiles in leaves as a central physiological hub. Profiling enzyme activities and their regulation in response to salt stress revealed significant genotype × treatment (G × T) interactions and allowed the identification of specific activity signatures associated with differences in yield stability in the tested lines. Yield-stable landraces showed distinct regulation patterns contrasting those of less yield-stable lines. In particular, upregulation of specific enzyme activities was associated with yield stability under salt stress. Camelina landraces may be promising resources to improve tolerance to salinity, with plasticity in carbohydrate metabolism as a contributing mechanism. Overall, these results provide a valuable basis for enzyme activity signatures as new physiological markers for supporting breeding programmes.
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- 2024
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3. Specific phytohormones levels in leaves and spikes of wheat explains the effects of elevated CO2 on drought stress at the flowering stage
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Sajid Shokat, Dominik K. Großkinsky, and Fulai Liu
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Elevated CO2 ,Drought stress at flowering stage ,Landraces ,Synthetic wheat ,Fraction of transpirable soil water ,1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid ,Plant ecology ,QK900-989 - Abstract
This study aims to understand the combined impact of elevated CO2 and drought stress at flowering stage to explain the adaptation of bread wheat to future climate change scenarios. Four wheat genotypes with 24 replications of each were grown in two different greenhouses, maintaining 400 (ambient) and 800 (elevated) ppm levels of CO2. Irrigation was withheld at flowering to impose drought to 10 replications while 10 were allowed to grow normally. Daily water consumption was recorded until the pot-water of drought plants reached 10 % of the well-watered ones. This study was aided by the measurement of ecophysiology, phytohormones, and yield-related traits. In comparison to normal CO2, plants consumed the pot water quickly under elevated CO2. Further, the threshold value of the fraction of transpirable soil water, at which the relative transpiration is diverging from 1 was different at the two levels of CO2, and among genotypes. Drought significantly reduced plant water relations, gas exchange parameters, grain yield, and yield-related traits but enhanced osmotic adjustment, kernel abortion, and most of the phytohormones in leaves and spikes. Elevated CO2 though increased gas exchange parameters significantly under well-watered conditions but these parameters were significantly reduced under combined effect with drought and resultantly, lower yield-related traits were recorded. Moreover, we also identified a strong positive association between leaf trans-zeatin and a strong negative association of leaf and spike ABA and ACC with grain yield indicating that maintenance of a higher level of leaf trans-zeatin or lower levels of ABA and ACC can help plants to adapt better to the combination of elevated CO2 and drought.
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- 2024
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4. The role of genetic diversity and pre‐breeding traits to improve drought and heat tolerance of bread wheat at the reproductive stage
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Sajid Shokat, Dominik K. Großkinsky, Sukhwinder Singh, and Fulai Liu
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climate change ,drought stress ,genetic diversity ,heat stress ,pre‐breeding traits ,reproductive stage ,Agriculture ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Abstract Extreme weather including heat waves and drought episodes are expected to increase in intensity and duration due to climate change. Wheat, being a major crop is under extreme threat to these stresses especially at the reproductive stage. This review addresses the potential of diverse wheat germplasm (originated from landraces and synthetic derivatives) to cope with drought and heat stress at the flowering stage. Here, important marker‐trait associations were reported for sustainable grain production under drought and heat stress at anthesis. Likewise, the mechanisms of drought and heat resilience including gene expression and physiological traits (activities of carbohydrate metabolic and antioxidant enzymes, and endogenous hormonal responses) were explored. These studies helped to understand the genetic and physiological basis of drought and heat tolerance and certain pre‐breeding traits related to osmotic adjustment, phytohormonal regulation, antioxidant metabolism, and the expression of novel genes were identified. Moreover, identified pre‐breeding traits and genotypes can be utilized in breeding wheat cultivars resilient to future adverse environments.
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- 2023
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5. The potential of integrative phenomics to harness underutilized crops for improving stress resilience
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Dominik K. Großkinsky, Jean-Denis Faure, Yves Gibon, Richard P. Haslam, Björn Usadel, Federica Zanetti, and Claudia Jonak
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agriculture ,breeding ,climate change resilience ,crop improvement ,neglected crops ,phenomics ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Published
- 2023
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6. Carbohydrate metabolism enzymes and phenotypic characterization of diverse lines of the climate‐resilient food, feed, and bioenergy crop Camelina sativa
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Peter Stasnik, Johann Vollmann, Dominik K. Großkinsky, and Claudia Jonak
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carbon metabolism ,enzyme activities ,gold‐of‐pleasure ,oilseed crop ,Agriculture ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Abstract Climate change poses tremendous pressure on agriculture. Camelina sativa is an ancient, low‐input, high‐quality oilseed crop for food, feed and industrial applications that has retained its natural stress tolerance. Its climate resilience, adaptability to different growth conditions, and the qualities of its seed oil and cake have spurred the interest in camelina. However, due to a period of neglect it has not yet undergone intensive breeding and knowledge about this multi‐purpose crop is still limited. Metabolism is strongly associated with plant growth and development and little information is available on camelina primary carbohydrate metabolism. Here, eight camelina lines from different geographic and climatic regions were characterized for important growth parameters and agricultural traits. Furthermore, the activities of key enzymes of the carbohydrate metabolism were analysed in leaves, seedpods, capsules, and developing seeds. The lines differed in shoot and leaf morphology, plant height, biomass formation as well as in seed yield and seed oil and protein content. Key carbohydrate metabolism enzymes showed specific activity signatures in leaves and reproductive organs during seed development, and different lines exhibited distinct enzyme activity patterns, providing a valuable basis for developing new physiological markers for camelina breeding programs.
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- 2023
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7. Activities of leaf and spike carbohydrate-metabolic and antioxidant enzymes are linked with yield performance in three spring wheat genotypes grown under well-watered and drought conditions
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Sajid Shokat, Dominik K. Großkinsky, Thomas Roitsch, and Fulai Liu
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Antioxidant activity ,Carbohydrate metabolism ,Drought ,Kernel abortion ,Wheat ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Abstract Background To improve our understanding about the physiological mechanism of grain yield reduction at anthesis, three spring wheat genotypes [L1 (advanced line), L2 (Vorobey) and L3 (Punjab-11)] having contrasting yield potential under drought in field were investigated under controlled greenhouse conditions, drought stress was imposed at anthesis stage by withholding irrigation until all plant available water was depleted, while well-watered control plants were kept at 95% pot water holding capacity. Results Compared to genotype L1 and L2, pronounced decrease in grain number (NGS), grain yield (GY) and harvest index (HI) were found in genotype L3, mainly due to its greater kernel abortion (KA) under drought. A significant positive correlation of leaf monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) with both NGS and HI was observed. In contrast, significant negative correlations of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and vacuolar invertase (vacInv) both within source and sink were found with NGS and HI. Likewise, a significant negative correlation of leaf abscisic acid (ABA) with NGS was noticed. Moreover, leaf aldolase and cell wall peroxidase (cwPOX) activities were significantly and positively associated with thousand kernel weight (TKW). Conclusion Distinct physiological markers correlating with yield traits and higher activity of leaf aldolase and cwPOX may be chosen as predictive biomarkers for higher TKW. Also, higher activity of MDHAR within the leaf can be selected as a predictive biomarker for higher NGS in wheat under drought. Whereas, lower activity of vacInv and GST both within leaf and spike can be selected as biomarkers for higher NGS and HI. The results highlighted the role of antioxidant and carbohydrate-metabolic enzymes in the modulation of source-sink balance in wheat crops, which could be used as bio-signatures for breeding and selection of drought-resilient wheat genotypes for a future drier climate.
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- 2020
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8. Simple semi-high throughput determination of activity signatures of key antioxidant enzymes for physiological phenotyping
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Lorenzo Fimognari, Rebecca Dölker, Greta Kaselyte, Camilla N. G. Jensen, Saqib S. Akhtar, Dominik K. Großkinsky, and Thomas Roitsch
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Physiological phenotyping ,ROS metabolism ,Enzymatic assay ,High throughput ,Reactive oxygen species ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Abstract Background Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions significantly accumulate during biotic and abiotic stress and cause oxidative damage and eventually cell death. There is accumulating evidence that ROS are also involved in regulating beneficial plant–microbe interactions, signal transduction and plant growth and development. Due to the relevance of ROS throughout the life cycle and for interaction with the multifactorial environment, the physiological phenotyping of the mechanisms controlling ROS homeostasis is of general importance. Results In this study, we have developed a robust and resource-efficient experimental platform that allows the determination of the activities of the nine key ROS scavenging enzymes from a single extraction that integrates posttranscriptional and posttranslational regulations. The assays were optimized and adapted for a semi-high throughput 96-well assay format. In a case study, we have analyzed tobacco leaves challenged by pathogen infection, drought and salt stress. The three stress factors resulted in distinct activity signatures with differential temporal dynamics. Conclusions This experimental platform proved to be suitable to determine the antioxidant enzyme activity signature in different tissues of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous model and crop plants. The universal enzymatic extraction procedure combined with the 96-well assay format demonstrated to be a simple, fast and semi-high throughput experimental platform for the precise and robust fingerprinting of nine key antioxidant enzymatic activities in plants.
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- 2020
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9. A flowchart as a tool to support student learning in a laboratory exercise
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Dominik K. Grosskinsky, Kirsten Jørgensen, and Katrin Hammer úr Skúoy
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Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 - Abstract
Practical laboratory exercises are an essential part of university education in natural sciences. The multitude of positive aspects of this active and lively teaching approach is, however, accompanied by some challenges, which have to be observed by the teacher(s) of practical exercises. In this project, a strategy was designed, employed and evaluated to support teaching and student learning in laboratory exercises spread over several days by implementing a flowchart as a central component. Initial co-construction of the flowchart with the students gives ownership of the exercise to the students and forms a common basis for communication and interaction as well as a point of reference throughout the exercise. This approach supported student learning as evidenced by increased understanding of the content and the ability to connect individual parts of the exercise. In addition, it allows the teacher to easily track student progress.
- Published
- 2019
10. Identification of Root-Associated Bacteria That Influence Plant Physiology, Increase Seed Germination, or Promote Growth of the Christmas Tree Species Abies nordmanniana
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Adriana M. Garcia-Lemos, Dominik K. Großkinsky, Saqib Saleem Akhtar, Mette Haubjerg Nicolaisen, Thomas Roitsch, Ole Nybroe, and Bjarke Veierskov
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PGPR ,Bacillus ,Paenibacillus ,phytohormones ,plant carbohydrates ,antioxidative enzymes ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Abies nordmanniana is used for Christmas tree production but poor seed germination and slow growth represent challenges for the growers. We addressed the plant growth promoting potential of root-associated bacteria isolated from A. nordmanniana. Laboratory screenings of a bacterial strain collection yielded several Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains that improved seed germination and produced indole-3-acetic acid. The impact of three of these strains on seed germination, plant growth and growth-related physiological parameters was then determined in greenhouse and field trials after seed inoculation, and their persistence was assessed by 16S rRNA gene-targeted bacterial community analysis. Two strains showed distinct and significant effects. Bacillus sp. s50 enhanced seed germination in the greenhouse but did not promote shoot or root growth. In accordance, this strain did not increase the level of soluble hexoses needed for plant growth but increased the level of storage carbohydrates. Moreover, strain s50 increased glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase activities in the plant, which may indicate induction of systemic resistance during the early phase of plant development, as the strain showed poor persistence in the root samples (rhizosphere soil plus root tissue). Paenibacillus sp. s37 increased plant root growth, especially by inducing secondary root formation, under in greenhouse conditions, where it showed high persistence in the root samples. Under these conditions, it further it increased the level of soluble carbohydrates in shoots, and the levels of starch and non-structural carbohydrates in roots, stem and shoots. Moreover, it increased the chlorophyll level in the field trial. These findings indicate that this strain improves plant growth and vigor through effects on photosynthesis and plant carbohydrate reservoirs. The current results show that the two strains s37 and s50 could be considered for growth promotion programs of A. nordmanniana in greenhouse nurseries, and even under field conditions.
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- 2020
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11. Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 Increases Water Use Efficiency via Growth Stimulation in Both Normal and Drought Conditions
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Saqib Saleem Akhtar, Daniel Buchvaldt Amby, Josefine Nymark Hegelund, Lorenzo Fimognari, Dominik K. Großkinsky, Jesper Cairo Westergaard, Renate Müller, Lars Moelbak, Fulai Liu, and Thomas Roitsch
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antioxidants ,biostimulants ,plant growth promoting rhizobacteria ,plant probiotics ,water use efficiency ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Increasing agricultural losses due to biotic and abiotic stresses caused by climate change challenge food security worldwide. A promising strategy to sustain crop productivity under conditions of limited water availability is the use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Here, the effects of spore forming Bacillus licheniformis (FMCH001) on growth and physiology of maize (Zea mays L. cv. Ronaldinho) under well-watered and drought stressed conditions were investigated. Pot experiments were conducted in the automated high-throughput phenotyping platform PhenoLab and under greenhouse conditions. Results of the PhenoLab experiments showed that plants inoculated with B. licheniformis FMCH001 exhibited increased root dry weight (DW) and plant water use efficiency (WUE) compared to uninoculated plants. In greenhouse experiments, root and shoot DW significantly increased by more than 15% in inoculated plants compared to uninoculated control plants. Also, the WUE increased in FMCH001 plants up to 46% in both well-watered and drought stressed plants. Root and shoot activities of 11 carbohydrate and eight antioxidative enzymes were characterized in response to FMCH001 treatments. This showed a higher antioxidant activity of catalase (CAT) in roots of FMCH001 treated plants compared to uninoculated plants. The higher CAT activity was observed irrespective of the water regime. These findings show that seed coating with Gram positive spore forming B. licheniformis could be used as biostimulants for enhancing plant WUE under both normal and drought stress conditions.
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- 2020
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12. Editorial: Cross-Frontier Communication: Phytohormone Functions at the Plant-Microbe Interface and Beyond
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Susanne Berger, Saskia C. M. Van Wees, Ole Nybroe, and Dominik K. Großkinsky
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bacteria ,fungi ,inter-kingdom communication ,phytohormone ,plant-microbe interaction ,signaling ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Published
- 2020
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13. Root-Associated Microbial Communities of Abies nordmanniana: Insights Into Interactions of Microbial Communities With Antioxidative Enzymes and Plant Growth
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Adriana M. Garcia-Lemos, Dominik K. Großkinsky, Michaela S. Stokholm, Ole S. Lund, Mette Haubjerg Nicolaisen, Thomas G. Roitsch, Bjarke Veierskov, and Ole Nybroe
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Abies nordmanniana ,antioxidative enzymes ,plant growth ,root-associated microbial communities ,Rhizobiales ,Agaricales ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Abies nordmanniana is a major Christmas tree species in Europe, but their uneven and prolonged growth slows down their production. By a 16S and 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing approach, we performed a characterization of root-associated bacterial and fungal communities for three-year-old A. nordmanniana plants collected from two nurseries in Denmark and Germany and displaying different growth patterns (small versus tall plants). Proteobacteria had the highest relative abundance at both sampling sites and plant sizes, and Ascomycota was the most abundant fungal phylum. At the order level, Acidobacteriales, Actinomycetales, Burkholderiales, Rhizobiales, and Xanthomonadales represented the bacterial core microbiome of A. nordmanniana, independently of the sampling site or plant size, while the fungal core microbiome included members of the Agaricales, Hypocreales, and Pezizales. Principal Coordinate Analysis indicated that both bacterial and fungal communities clustered according to the sampling site pointing to the significance of soil characteristics and climatic conditions for the composition of root-associated microbial communities. Major differences between communities from tall and small plants were a dominance of the potential pathogen Fusarium (Hypocreales) in the small plants from Germany, while Agaricales, that includes reported beneficial ectomycorrhizal fungi, dominated in the tall plants. An evaluation of plant root antioxidative enzyme profiles showed higher levels of the antioxidative enzymes ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in small plants compared to tall plants. We suggest that the higher antioxidative enzyme activities combined with the growth arrest phenotype indicate higher oxidative stress levels in the small plants. Additionally, the correlations between the relative abundances of specific taxa of the microbiome with the plant antioxidative enzyme profiles were established. The main result was that many more bacterial taxa correlated positively than negatively with one or more antioxidative enzyme activity. This may suggest that the ability of bacteria to increase plant antioxidative enzyme defenses is widespread.
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- 2019
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14. The Phenotyping Dilemma—The Challenges of a Diversified Phenotyping Community
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Eva Rosenqvist, Dominik K. Großkinsky, Carl-Otto Ottosen, and Rick van de Zedde
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phenotyping ,global climate change ,big data ,ontology ,stakeholders ,breeding ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Published
- 2019
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15. Screening of Barley Resistance Against Powdery Mildew by Simultaneous High-Throughput Enzyme Activity Signature Profiling and Multispectral Imaging
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Matheus T. Kuska, Jan Behmann, Dominik K. Großkinsky, Thomas Roitsch, and Anne-Katrin Mahlein
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crop resistance ,phenotyping ,multispectral imaging ,invertase ,Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei ,PhenoLab ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Molecular marker analysis allow for a rapid and advanced pre-selection and resistance screenings in plant breeding processes. During the phenotyping process, optical sensors have proved their potential to determine and assess the function of the genotype of the breeding material. Thereby, biomarkers for specific disease resistance traits provide valuable information for calibrating optical sensor approaches during early plant-pathogen interactions. In this context, the combination of physiological, metabolic phenotyping and phenomic profiles could establish efficient identification and quantification of relevant genotypes within breeding processes. Experiments were conducted with near-isogenic lines of H. vulgare (susceptible, mildew locus o (mlo) and Mildew locus a (Mla) resistant). Multispectral imaging of barley plants was daily conducted 0–8 days after inoculation (dai) in a high-throughput facility with 10 wavelength bands from 400 to 1,000 nm. In parallel, the temporal dynamics of the activities of invertase isoenzymes, as key sink specific enzymes that irreversibly cleave the transport sugar sucrose into the hexose monomers, were profiled in a semi high-throughput approach. The activities of cell wall, cytosolic and vacuole invertase revealed specific dynamics of the activity signatures for susceptible genotypes and genotypes with mlo and Mla based resistances 0–120 hours after inoculation (hai). These patterns could be used to differentiate between interaction types and revealed an early influence of Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh) conidia on the specific invertase activity already 0.5 hai. During this early powdery mildew pathogenesis, the reflectance intensity increased in the blue bands and at 690 nm. The Mla resistant plants showed an increased reflectance at 680 and 710 nm and a decreased reflectance in the near infrared bands from 3 dai. Applying a Support Vector Machine classification as a supervised machine learning approach, the pixelwise identification and quantification of powdery mildew diseased barley tissue and hypersensitive response spots were established. This enables an automatic identification of the barley-powdery mildew interaction. The study established a proof-of-concept for plant resistance phenotyping with multispectral imaging in high-throughput. The combination of invertase analysis and multispectral imaging showed to be a complementing validation system. This will provide a deeper understanding of optical data and its implementation into disease resistance screening.
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- 2018
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16. UV-B Exposure of Black Carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens) Plants Promotes Growth, Accumulation of Anthocyanin, and Phenolic Compounds
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Renate Müller, José R. Acosta-Motos, Dominik K. Großkinsky, José A. Hernández, Henrik Lütken, and Gregorio Barba-Espin
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anthocyanins ,black carrot ,phenolic compounds ,phytohormones ,UV-B irradiance ,Agriculture - Abstract
Black carrot (Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus var. atroburens) is a root vegetable with anthocyanins as major phenolic compounds. The accumulation of phenolic compounds is a common response to UV-B exposure, acting as protective compounds and as antioxidants. In the present study, black carrot plants grown under a 12-h photoperiod were supplemented with UV-B radiation (21.6 kj m−2 day−1) during the last two weeks of growth. Carrot taproots and tops were harvested separately, and the effect of the UV-B irradiance was evaluated in terms of size (biomass and length), total monomeric anthocyanin content (TMC), total phenolic content (TPC), and phytohormones levels. The results showed that UV-B irradiance promoted plant growth, as shown by the elevated root (30%) and top (24%) biomass, the increased TMC and TPC in the root (over 10%), and the increased TPC of the top (9%). A hormone analysis revealed that, in response to UV-B irradiance, the levels of abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) decreased in tops while the level of the cytokinins cis-zeatin (cZ) and trans-zeatinriboside (tZR) increased in roots, which correlated with an amplified growth and the accumulation of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds. Beyond the practical implications that this work may have, it contributes to the understanding of UV-B responses in black carrot.
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- 2019
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17. Plant recognition byTrichoderma harzianumelicits upregulation of a novel secondary metabolite cluster required for colonization
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Miriam Schalamun, Guofen Li, Wolfgang Hinterdobler, Dominik K. Großkinsky, Stephane Compant, Assia Dreux-Zigha, and Monika Schmoll
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SummaryTrichoderma harzianumis a filamentous ascomycete frequently applied as plant beneficial agent in agriculture. While mycoparasitism and antagonism ofTrichodermaspp. against fungal pathogens are well known, early responses of the fungus to the presence of a plant await broader investigation. In this study we analyzed these early stages of plant-fungus communication at the molecular level. We show thatT. harzianumB97 is an efficient colonizer of plants and chemotropically responds to a plant extract. Patterns of secreted metabolites revealed that the fungus chemically responds to the presence of the plant and that the plant secrets a fungus specific metabolite as well. Hence we developed a strategy for omics analysis to simulate the conditions of the early plant recognition eliciting a chemotropic response in the fungus and found only 102 genes to be differentially regulated, including nitrate and nitrite reductases. Among them, a so far uncharacterized, presumably silent gene cluster was strongly induced upon recognition of the plant. Gene deletion of two genes of thisPlantCommunicationAssociated (PCA) cluster revealed that they are essential for colonization of soybean roots. Moreover, for part of the gene cluster, a DNA motif with palindromic sequence was detected. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the PCA cluster is only present in the Harzianum clade ofTrichodermaand was likely acquired by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) fromMetarhiziumspp., with the clustered genes originating from fungi, bacteria and plants.We conclude that the plant recognition specific PCA cluster mediates early chemical communication between plant and fungus, is required for colonization and it is likely responsible for the high potential ofT. harzianumand closely related species for biocontrol applications.Significance statementInteractions of plants with fungi – beneficial or pathogenic – are crucial for the ecological function of both partners. Yet, the chemical “language” they use and how or when they use it is still insufficiently known. We describe discovery of a novel secondary metabolite cluster, which is transcriptionally induced in the early phase of interaction, even before contact. Presence of this cluster is essential for colonization of the plant, hence reflecting the very start of an intimate plant-fungal interkingdom interaction. Acquisition of the cluster from other organisms highlights the evolutionary adaptation ofT. harzianumto plant interaction and likely contributes to its success as plant symbiont.
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- 2023
18. Silver Nanoparticles Affect Arabidopsis thaliana Leaf Tissue Integrity and Suppress Pseudomonas syringae Infection Symptoms in a Dose-Dependent Manner
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Kenny Paul, Dominik K. Großkinsky, Imre Vass, and Thomas Roitsch
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Biomedical Engineering ,Bioengineering - Published
- 2022
19. Impact of elevated CO 2 on two contrasting wheat genotypes exposed to intermediate drought stress at anthesis
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Fulai Liu, Dominik K. Großkinsky, and Sajid Shokat
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Drought stress ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Anthesis ,Genotype ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Salicylic acid - Published
- 2020
20. Physiological and phenotypic characterization of diverse Camelina sativa lines in response to waterlogging
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Peter Stasnik, Dominik K. Großkinsky, and Claudia Jonak
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Chlorophyll ,Crops, Agricultural ,Plant Leaves ,Physiology ,Brassica napus ,Genetics ,Water ,Plant Science - Abstract
Waterlogging is a serious threat to agriculture that is expected to become more common due to climate change. It is well established that many plants are susceptible to waterlogging, including crops such as rapeseed. To investigate the responses and tolerance to waterlogging of the re-emerging oilseed crop camelina (Camelina sativa), camelina lines of different geographical origins were subjected to waterlogging. Camelina was very sensitive to waterlogging at vegetative growth stages, with a relatively short treatment of 4 days proving lethal for the plants. A treatment duration of 2 days resulted in growth inhibition and lower yields and was used to study the response of 8 different camelina lines to waterlogging at two different vegetative growth stages before bolting. Generally, younger plants (7-9 leaves) were more sensitive than older plants (15-16 leaves). In addition to morphological and agronomic traits, plants were phenotyped for physiological parameters such as chlorophyll content index and total antioxidant capacity of the leaves, which showed significant age-dependent changes due to waterlogging. These results underpin that waterlogging during the vegetative phase is a serious threat to camelina, which needs to be addressed by identifying and establishing tolerance to excess water to harness camelina's potential as a climate-smart crop.
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- 2022
21. Auxins and cytokinins – the dynamic duo of growth‐regulating phytohormones heading for new shores
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Jan Petrášek and Dominik K. Großkinsky
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Crosstalk (biology) ,chemistry ,Physiology ,Auxin ,Botany ,Plant Science ,Biology - Published
- 2019
22. Elevated CO2 modulates the effect of heat stress responses in Triticum aestivum by differential expression of isoflavone reductase-like (IRL) gene
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Sajid, Shokat, Ondřej, Novák, Jitka, Široká, Sukhwinder, Singh, Kulvinder Singh, Gill, Thomas, Roitsch, Dominik K, Großkinsky, and Fulai, Liu
- Abstract
Two wheat genotypes forming high and low biomass (HB and LB), exhibiting differential expression of an isoflavone reductase-like (IRL) gene, and resulting in contrasting grain yield under heat stress field conditions, were analyzed in detail for their responses under controlled heat and elevated CO2 conditions. Significant differences in IRL expression between the two lines were hypothesized to be the basis of their differential performance under the tested conditions and their stress tolerance potential. By a holistic approach integrating advanced cell physiological phenotyping of the antioxidative and phytohormone system in spikes and leaves with measurements of ecophysiological and agronomic traits, the genetic differences of the genotypes in IRL expression were assessed. In response to heat and elevated CO2, the two genotypes showed opposite regulation of IRL expression, which was associated with cytokinin concentration, total flavonoid contents, activity of superoxide dismutase, antioxidant capacity and photosynthetic rate in leaves and cytokinin concentration and ascorbate peroxidase activity in spikes. Our study showed that IRL expression is associated with wheat yield performance under heat stress at anthesis, mediated by diverse physiological mechanisms. Hence, based on our results, the IRL gene is a promising candidate for developing genetic markers for breeding heat-tolerant wheat.
- Published
- 2021
23. OUP accepted manuscript
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Sukhwinder Singh, Ondřej Novák, Thomas Roitsch, Sajid Shokat, Dominik K. Großkinsky, Jitka Široká, Kulvinder S. Gill, and Fulai Liu
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0106 biological sciences ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Physiology ,Flavonoid ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,Photosynthesis ,01 natural sciences ,Superoxide dismutase ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biochemistry ,Anthesis ,chemistry ,Genetic marker ,Genotype ,Cytokinin ,biology.protein ,Gene ,030304 developmental biology ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Two wheat genotypes forming high and low biomass (HB and LB), exhibiting differential expression of an isoflavone reductase-like (IRL) gene, and resulting in contrasting grain yield under heat stress field conditions, were analyzed in detail for their responses under controlled heat and elevated CO2 conditions. Significant differences in IRL expression between the two lines were hypothesized to be the basis of their differential performance under the tested conditions and their stress tolerance potential. By a holistic approach integrating advanced cell physiological phenotyping of the antioxidative and phytohormone system in spikes and leaves with measurements of ecophysiological and agronomic traits, the genetic differences of the genotypes in IRL expression were assessed. In response to heat and elevated CO2, the two genotypes showed opposite regulation of IRL expression, which was associated with cytokinin concentration, total flavonoid contents, activity of superoxide dismutase, antioxidant capacity and photosynthetic rate in leaves and cytokinin concentration and ascorbate peroxidase activity in spikes. Our study showed that IRL expression is associated with wheat yield performance under heat stress at anthesis, mediated by diverse physiological mechanisms. Hence, based on our results, the IRL gene is a promising candidate for developing genetic markers for breeding heat-tolerant wheat.
- Published
- 2021
24. Activity of leaf and spike carbohydrate-metabolic and antioxidant enzymes linked with yield performance in three spring wheat genotypes grown under well-watered and drought conditions
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sajid Shokat, Dominik K. Großkinsky, Thomas Roitsch, and Fulai Liu
- Abstract
Background: To improve our understanding about the physiological mechanism of grain yield reduction at anthesis, three spring wheat genotypes [L1 (advanced line), L2 (Vorobey) and L3 (Punjab-11)] having contrasting yield potential under drought in field were investigated under controlled greenhouse conditions., drought stress was imposed at anthesis stage by withholding irrigation until all plant available water was depleted, while well-watered control plants were kept at 95% pot water holding capacity. Results: Compared to genotype L1 and L2, pronounced decrease in grain number (NGS), grain yield (GY) and harvest index (HI) were found in genotype L3, mainly due to its greater kernel abortion (KA) under drought. A significant positive correlation of leaf monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) with both NGS and HI was observed. In contrast, significant negative correlations of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and vacuolar invertase (vacInv) both within source and sink with NGS and HI were found. Likewise, a significant negative correlation of leaf abscisic acid (ABA) with NGS was noticed. Moreover, leaf aldolase and cell wall peroxidase (cwPOX) activities were significantly and positively associated with thousand kernel weight (TKW). Conclusion: Distinct physiological markers correlating with yield traits and higher activity of leaf aldolase and cwPOX may be chosen as predictive biomarkers for higher TKW. Also, higher activity of MDHAR within the leaf can be selected as a predictive biomarker for higher NGS in wheat under drought. Whereas, lower activity of vacInv and GST both within leaf and spike can be selected as biomarkers for higher NGS and HI. The results highlighted the role of antioxidant and carbohydrate-metabolic enzymes in the modulation of source-sink balance in wheat crops, which could be used as bio-signatures for breeding and selection of drought-resilient wheat genotypes for a future drier climate.
- Published
- 2020
25. Editorial: Cross-Frontier Communication: Phytohormone Functions at the Plant-Microbe Interface and Beyond
- Author
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Dominik K. Großkinsky, Saskia C. M. Van Wees, Ole Nybroe, and Susanne Berger
- Subjects
Communication ,business.industry ,Interface (Java) ,Plant microbe ,virus ,Plant Science ,phytohormone ,lcsh:Plant culture ,Biology ,Editorial ,lcsh:SB1-1110 ,fungi ,inter-kingdom communication ,bacteria ,signaling ,business ,plant-microbe interaction - Published
- 2020
26. Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 Increases Water Use Efficiency via Growth Stimulation in Both Normal and Drought Conditions
- Author
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Daniel Buchvaldt Amby, Fulai Liu, Dominik K. Großkinsky, Jesper Cairo Westergaard, Saqib Saleem Akhtar, Lorenzo Fimognari, Josefine Nymark Hegelund, Lars Moelbak, Thomas Roitsch, and Renate Müller
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,plant growth promoting rhizobacteria ,water use efficiency ,Greenhouse ,Plant Science ,lcsh:Plant culture ,Rhizobacteria ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Dry weight ,lcsh:SB1-1110 ,Bacillus licheniformis ,Water-use efficiency ,Original Research ,Abiotic component ,biology ,fungi ,food and beverages ,biology.organism_classification ,biostimulants ,Horticulture ,antioxidants ,030104 developmental biology ,Catalase ,Shoot ,biology.protein ,plant probiotics ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Increasing agricultural losses due to biotic and abiotic stresses caused by climate change challenge food security worldwide. A promising strategy to sustain crop productivity under conditions of limited water availability is the use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Here, the effects of spore forming Bacillus licheniformis (FMCH001) on growth and physiology of maize (Zea mays L. cv. Ronaldinho) under well-watered and drought stressed conditions were investigated. Pot experiments were conducted in the automated high-throughput phenotyping platform PhenoLab and under greenhouse conditions. Results of the PhenoLab experiments showed that plants inoculated with B. licheniformis FMCH001 exhibited increased root dry weight and plant water use efficiency compared to uninoculated plants. In greenhouse experiments, root and shoot dry weight significantly increased by more than 15% in inoculated plants compared to uninoculated control plants. Also, the water use efficiency increased in FMCH001 plants up to 46% in both well-watered and drought stressed plants. Root and shoot activities of 11 carbohydrate and 8 antioxidative enzymes were characterised in response to FMCH001 treatments. This showed a higher antioxidant activity of catalase in roots of FMCH001 treated plants compared to uninoculated plants. The higher catalase activity was observed irrespective of the water regime. These findings show that seed coating with gram positive spore forming B. licheniformis could be used as biostimulants for enhancing plant water use efficiency under both normal and drought stress conditions.
- Published
- 2020
27. Higher activity of monodehydroascorbate reductase and lower activities of leaf and spike vacuolar invertase and glutathione S-transferase reveals higher number of grains per spike in spring wheat genotypes grown under well-watered and drought conditions
- Author
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Dominik K. Großkinsky, Thomas Roitsch, Fulai Liu, and Sajid Shokat
- Subjects
geography ,Horticulture ,Invertase ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Glutathione S-transferase ,fungi ,Spring (hydrology) ,Genotype ,biology.protein ,food and beverages ,Spike (software development) ,Biology ,Reductase - Abstract
Background: To improve our understanding about the physiological mechanism of grain yield reduction at anthesis, three spring wheat genotypes (L1, L2 and L3) having contrasting yield potential under drought in field were investigated under controlled greenhouse conditions., drought stress was imposed at anthesis stage by withholding irrigation until all plant available water was depleted, while well-watered control plants were kept at 95% pot water holding capacity. Results: Compared to genotype L1 and L2, pronounced decrease in grain number (NGS), grain yield (GY) and harvest index (HI) were found in genotype L3, mainly due to its greater kernel abortion (KA) under drought. A significant positive correlation of leaf monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) with both NGS and HI was observed. In contrast, significant negative correlations of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and vacuolar invertase (vacInv) both within source and sink with NGS and HI were found. Likewise, a significant negative correlation of leaf abscisic acid (ABA) with NGS was noticed. Moreover, leaf aldolase and cell wall peroxidase (cwPOX) activities were significantly and positively associated with TKW. Conclusion: Collectively, distinct physiological markers were correlating with yield traits and higher activity of leaf aldolase and cwPOX may be chosen as predictive bio-markers for higher TKW. Also, higher activity of MDHAR within the leaf can be selected as a predictive bio-marker for higher NGS in wheat under drought. Whereas, lower activity of vacInv and GST both within leaf and spike can be selected as bio-markers for higher NGS and HI. The results highlighted the role of antioxidant and carbohydrate-metabolic enzymes in the modulation of source-sink balance in wheat crops, which could be used as bio-signatures for breeding and selection of drought-resilient wheat genotypes for a future drier climate.
- Published
- 2020
28. Activities of leaf and spike carbohydrate-metabolic and antioxidant enzymes are linked with yield performance in three spring wheat genotypes grown under well-watered and drought conditions
- Author
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Dominik K. Großkinsky, Fulai Liu, Thomas Roitsch, and Sajid Shokat
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Irrigation ,Antioxidant ,Genotype ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Plant Science ,Carbohydrate metabolism ,01 natural sciences ,Antioxidants ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Anthesis ,Antioxidant activity ,Kernel abortion ,lcsh:Botany ,medicine ,Inflorescence ,Abscisic acid ,Triticum ,biology ,Drought ,fungi ,food and beverages ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,Droughts ,Plant Leaves ,Horticulture ,030104 developmental biology ,Invertase ,chemistry ,Wheat ,biology.protein ,Carbohydrate Metabolism ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Peroxidase ,Research Article - Abstract
Background To improve our understanding about the physiological mechanism of grain yield reduction at anthesis, three spring wheat genotypes [L1 (advanced line), L2 (Vorobey) and L3 (Punjab-11)] having contrasting yield potential under drought in field were investigated under controlled greenhouse conditions, drought stress was imposed at anthesis stage by withholding irrigation until all plant available water was depleted, while well-watered control plants were kept at 95% pot water holding capacity. Results Compared to genotype L1 and L2, pronounced decrease in grain number (NGS), grain yield (GY) and harvest index (HI) were found in genotype L3, mainly due to its greater kernel abortion (KA) under drought. A significant positive correlation of leaf monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) with both NGS and HI was observed. In contrast, significant negative correlations of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and vacuolar invertase (vacInv) both within source and sink were found with NGS and HI. Likewise, a significant negative correlation of leaf abscisic acid (ABA) with NGS was noticed. Moreover, leaf aldolase and cell wall peroxidase (cwPOX) activities were significantly and positively associated with thousand kernel weight (TKW). Conclusion Distinct physiological markers correlating with yield traits and higher activity of leaf aldolase and cwPOX may be chosen as predictive biomarkers for higher TKW. Also, higher activity of MDHAR within the leaf can be selected as a predictive biomarker for higher NGS in wheat under drought. Whereas, lower activity of vacInv and GST both within leaf and spike can be selected as biomarkers for higher NGS and HI. The results highlighted the role of antioxidant and carbohydrate-metabolic enzymes in the modulation of source-sink balance in wheat crops, which could be used as bio-signatures for breeding and selection of drought-resilient wheat genotypes for a future drier climate.
- Published
- 2020
29. Simple semi-high throughput determination of activity signatures of key antioxidant enzymes for physiological phenotyping
- Author
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Dominik K. Großkinsky, Camilla N. G. Jensen, Saqib Saleem Akhtar, Lorenzo Fimognari, Rebecca Dölker, Thomas Roitsch, and Greta Kaselyte
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Programmed cell death ,Antioxidant ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Plant Science ,lcsh:Plant culture ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Physiological phenotyping ,ROS metabolism ,High throughput ,Genetics ,medicine ,lcsh:SB1-1110 ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reactive oxygen species ,biology ,Chemistry ,Abiotic stress ,Superoxide ,Methodology ,Enzymatic assay ,Enzyme assay ,030104 developmental biology ,Enzyme ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Biochemistry ,biology.protein ,Signal transduction ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Background Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions significantly accumulate during biotic and abiotic stress and cause oxidative damage and eventually cell death. There is accumulating evidence that ROS are also involved in regulating beneficial plant–microbe interactions, signal transduction and plant growth and development. Due to the relevance of ROS throughout the life cycle and for interaction with the multifactorial environment, the physiological phenotyping of the mechanisms controlling ROS homeostasis is of general importance. Results In this study, we have developed a robust and resource-efficient experimental platform that allows the determination of the activities of the nine key ROS scavenging enzymes from a single extraction that integrates posttranscriptional and posttranslational regulations. The assays were optimized and adapted for a semi-high throughput 96-well assay format. In a case study, we have analyzed tobacco leaves challenged by pathogen infection, drought and salt stress. The three stress factors resulted in distinct activity signatures with differential temporal dynamics. Conclusions This experimental platform proved to be suitable to determine the antioxidant enzyme activity signature in different tissues of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous model and crop plants. The universal enzymatic extraction procedure combined with the 96-well assay format demonstrated to be a simple, fast and semi-high throughput experimental platform for the precise and robust fingerprinting of nine key antioxidant enzymatic activities in plants.
- Published
- 2020
30. Identification of a bio-signature for barley resistance against Pyrenophora teres infection based on physiological, molecular and sensor-based phenotyping
- Author
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Dominik K. Großkinsky, Alexander Schulz, Hans Jørgen Lyngs Jørgensen, Chandana Pandey, Svend Christensen, Thomas Roitsch, Jesper Svensgaard, and Jesper Cairo Westergaard
- Subjects
Crops, Agricultural ,Genotype ,Quantitative Trait Loci ,Plant Science ,Fungus ,Biology ,Genes, Plant ,Expression analysis ,Microbiology ,Multispectral imaging ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ascomycota ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,Crop resistance ,Genetics ,PhenoLab ,Cultivar ,Gene ,Pathogen ,Disease Resistance ,Plant Diseases ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Bio-signatures ,Host (biology) ,fungi ,Genetic Variation ,food and beverages ,Hordeum ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Phenotype ,Fungal DNA ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Pyrenophora teres ,Pre-symptomatic ,Enzyme activity signatures ,Disease Susceptibility ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,DNA - Abstract
Necrotic and chlorotic symptoms induced during Pyrenophora teres infection in barley leaves indicate a compatible interaction that allows the hemi-biotrophic fungus Pyrenophora teres to colonise the host. However, it is unexplored how this fungus affects the physiological responses of resistant and susceptible cultivars during infection. To assess the degree of resistance in four different cultivars, we quantified visible symptoms and fungal DNA and performed expression analyses of genes involved in plant defence and ROS scavenging. To obtain insight into the interaction between fungus and host, we determined the activity of 19 key enzymes of carbohydrate and antioxidant metabolism. The pathogen impact was also phenotyped non-invasively by sensor-based multireflectance and –fluorescence imaging. Symptoms, regulation of stress-related genes and pathogen DNA content distinguished the cultivar Guld as being resistant. Severity of net blotch symptoms was also strongly correlated with the dynamics of enzyme activities already within the first day of infection. In contrast to the resistant cultivar, the three susceptible cultivars showed a higher reflectance over seven spectral bands and higher fluorescence intensities at specific excitation wavelengths. The combination of semi high-throughput physiological and molecular analyses with non-invasive phenotyping enabled the identification of bio-signatures that discriminates the resistant from susceptible cultivars.
- Published
- 2021
31. Elevated carbon dioxide alleviates the negative impact of drought on wheat by modulating plant metabolism and physiology
- Author
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Aneela Ulfat, Syed Abdul Majid, Xiangnan Li, Sajid Shokat, Thomas Roitsch, Liang Fang, Fulai Liu, and Dominik K. Großkinsky
- Subjects
Stomatal conductance ,biology ,fungi ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Glutathione reductase ,food and beverages ,Soil Science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,Carbohydrate ,Photosynthesis ,020801 environmental engineering ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,Anthesis ,Carbon dioxide ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,biology.protein ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Water Science and Technology ,Transpiration ,Peroxidase - Abstract
This study was conducted to understand the mechanism of wheat yield decrease under drought stress and the role of CO2 in modulating physiological and metabolic drought effects. Wheat was grown under ambient and elevated CO2 (400 and 800 ppm, respectively), and plants were subjected to drought stress prior to anthesis. Photosynthetic rate (An), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E) and activities of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes were decreased in leaf and increased in spikes during drought. Total antioxidant potential (TAP) was decreased under drought both in leaf and spike. Grain yield parameters were again reduced under drought, while An, E and most of the yield traits were increased under elevated CO2. The number of grains spike-1 correlated positively with An, TAP and cell wall invertase activity, while it negatively correlated with ascorbate peroxidase, cell wall peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities in leaves. Thousand kernel weight positively correlated with leaf phosphoglucoisomerase and spike glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities. This indicates that elevated CO2 could boost CO2 assimilation through an increase in antioxidant potential and facilitate more photosynthate supply via various increased carbohydrate metabolic enzyme activities, and thus increases yield. This could be a possible mechanism of grain yield increase caused by elevated CO2.
- Published
- 2021
32. Integration of multi-omics techniques and physiological phenotyping within a holistic phenomics approach to study senescence in model and crop plants
- Author
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Syahnada Jaya Syaifullah, Thomas Roitsch, and Dominik K. Großkinsky
- Subjects
Crops, Agricultural ,0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Plant senescence ,Senescence ,Abiotic component ,Aging ,Physiology ,Systems Biology ,Systems biology ,Arabidopsis ,Plant Science ,Computational biology ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Crop ,03 medical and health sciences ,Phenotype ,030104 developmental biology ,Phenomics ,Botany ,Postharvest ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
The study of senescence in plants is complicated by diverse levels of temporal and spatial dynamics as well as the impact of external biotic and abiotic factors and crop plant management. Whereas the molecular mechanisms involved in developmentally regulated leaf senescence are very well understood, in particular in the annual model plant species Arabidopsis, senescence of other organs such as the flower, fruit, and root is much less studied as well as senescence in perennials such as trees. This review addresses the need for the integration of multi-omics techniques and physiological phenotyping into holistic phenomics approaches to dissect the complex phenomenon of senescence. That became feasible through major advances in the establishment of various, complementary 'omics' technologies. Such an interdisciplinary approach will also need to consider knowledge from the animal field, in particular in relation to novel regulators such as small, non-coding RNAs, epigenetic control and telomere length. Such a characterization of phenotypes via the acquisition of high-dimensional datasets within a systems biology approach will allow us to systematically characterize the various programmes governing senescence beyond leaf senescence in Arabidopsis and to elucidate the underlying molecular processes. Such a multi-omics approach is expected to also spur the application of results from model plants to agriculture and their verification for sustainable and environmentally friendly improvement of crop plant stress resilience and productivity and contribute to improvements based on postharvest physiology for the food industry and the benefit of its customers.
- Published
- 2017
33. Metabolic Control of Tobacco Pollination by Sugars and Invertases
- Author
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Seung Hee Eom, Anne Guivarc'h, Jörg Hirsche, Tae Kyung Hyun, Marc Goetz, Thomas Engelke, Dominique Chriqui, Martin Andreas Bauerfeind, Dominik K. Großkinsky, María-Cruz González, Thomas Roitsch, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular
- Subjects
[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,biology ,Pollination ,Physiology ,Nicotiana tabacum ,food and beverages ,Plant physiology ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Apoplast ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Invertase ,Biochemistry ,Germination ,Pollen ,Genetics ,medicine ,Pollen tube ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Pollination in flowering plants is initiated by germination of pollen grains on stigmas followed by fast growth of pollen tubes representing highly energy-consuming processes. The symplastic isolation of pollen grains and tubes requires import of Suc available in the apoplast. We show that the functional coupling of Suc cleavage by invertases and uptake of the released hexoses by monosaccharide transporters are critical for pollination in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Transcript profiling, in situ hybridization, and immunolocalization of extracellular invertases and two monosaccharide transporters in vitro and in vivo support the functional coupling in supplying carbohydrates for pollen germination and tube growth evidenced by spatiotemporally coordinated expression. Detection of vacuolar invertases in maternal tissues by these approaches revealed metabolic cross talk between male and female tissues and supported the requirement for carbohydrate supply in transmitting tissue during pollination. Tissue-specific expression of an invertase inhibitor and addition of the chemical invertase inhibitor miglitol strongly reduced extracellular invertase activity and impaired pollen germination. Measurements of (competitive) uptake of labeled sugars identified two import pathways for exogenously available Suc into the germinating pollen operating in parallel: direct Suc uptake and via the hexoses after cleavage by extracellular invertase. Reduction of extracellular invertase activity in pollen decreases Suc uptake and severely compromises pollen germination. We further demonstrate that Glc as sole carbon source is sufficient for pollen germination, whereas Suc is supporting tube growth, revealing an important regulatory role of both the invertase substrate and products contributing to a potential metabolic and signaling-based multilayer regulation of pollination by carbohydrates.
- Published
- 2016
34. Tackling Salinity in Sustainable Agriculture—What Developing Countries May Learn from Approaches of the Developed World
- Author
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Sajid Shokat and Dominik K. Großkinsky
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Salinity ,Soil salinity ,Natural resource economics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,lcsh:TJ807-830 ,Geography, Planning and Development ,lcsh:Renewable energy sources ,Developing country ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,01 natural sciences ,salinity ,Unit (housing) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Sustainable agriculture ,Salt tolerance ,resilience ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,030304 developmental biology ,Pace ,media_common ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,salt tolerance ,0303 health sciences ,Resilience ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,advanced agricultural approaches ,lcsh:Environmental effects of industries and plants ,Building and Construction ,sustainability ,lcsh:TD194-195 ,Sustainability ,Business ,Psychological resilience ,Developed country ,Advanced agricultural approaches ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Soil salinity is a common problem of the developing world as well as the developed world. However, the pace to reduce salinity is much slower in the developing world. The application of short-term approaches with an unsustainable supply of funds are the major reasons of low success. In contrast, the developed world has focused on long-term and sustainable techniques, and considerable funds per unit area have been allocated to reduce soil salinity. Here, we review the existing approaches in both worlds. Approaches like engineering and nutrient use were proven to be unsustainable, while limited breeding and biosaline approaches had little success in the developing countries. In contrast, advanced breeding and genetics tools were implemented in the developed countries to improve the salinity tolerance of different crops with more success. Resultantly, developed countries not only reduced the area for soil salinity at a higher rate, but more sustainable and cheaper ways to resolve the issue were implemented at the farmers’ field. Similarly, plant microbial approaches and the application of fertigation through drip irrigation have great potential for both worlds, and farmer participatory approaches are required to obtain fruitful outcomes. In this regard, a challenging issue is the transition of sustainable approaches from developed countries to developing ones, and possible methods for this are discussed.
- Published
- 2019
35. Root-Associated Microbial Communities of Abies nordmanniana: Insights Into Interactions of Microbial Communities With Antioxidative Enzymes and Plant Growth
- Author
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Dominik K. Großkinsky, Michaela Schiller Stokholm, Mette Haubjerg Nicolaisen, Adriana M. Garcia-Lemos, Bjarke Veierskov, Ole Søgaard Lund, Ole Nybroe, and Thomas Roitsch
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Hypocreales ,lcsh:QR1-502 ,antioxidative enzymes ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Antioxidative enzymes ,Rhizobiales ,lcsh:Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Fusarium ,Botany ,Root-associated microbial communities ,Microbiome ,Pezizales ,030304 developmental biology ,Plant growth ,0303 health sciences ,Ascomycota ,030306 microbiology ,fungi ,food and beverages ,plant growth ,biology.organism_classification ,Burkholderiales ,root-associated microbial communities ,Abies nordmanniana ,Proteobacteria ,Agaricales - Abstract
Abies nordmanniana is a major Christmas tree species in Europe, but their uneven and prolonged growth slows down their production. By a 16S and 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing approach, we performed a characterization of root-associated bacterial and fungal communities for three-year-old A. nordmanniana plants collected from two nurseries in Denmark and Germany and displaying different growth patterns (small versus tall plants). Proteobacteria had the highest relative abundance at both sampling sites and plant sizes, and Ascomycota was the most abundant fungal phylum. At the order level, Acidobacteriales, Actinomycetales, Burkholderiales, Rhizobiales, and Xanthomonadales represented the bacterial core microbiome of A. nordmanniana, independently of the sampling site or plant size, while the fungal core microbiome included members of the Agaricales, Hypocreales, and Pezizales. Principal Coordinate Analysis indicated that both bacterial and fungal communities clustered according to the sampling site pointing to the significance of soil characteristics and climatic conditions for the composition of root-associated microbial communities. Major differences between communities from tall and small plants were a dominance of the potential pathogen Fusarium (Hypocreales) in the small plants from Germany, while Agaricales, that includes reported beneficial ectomycorrhizal fungi, dominated in the tall plants. An evaluation of plant root antioxidative enzyme profiles showed higher levels of the antioxidative enzymes ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in small plants compared to tall plants. We suggest that the higher antioxidative enzyme activities combined with the growth arrest phenotype indicate higher oxidative stress levels in the small plants. Additionally, the correlations between the relative abundances of specific taxa of the microbiome with the plant antioxidative enzyme profiles were established. The main result was that many more bacterial taxa correlated positively than negatively with one or more antioxidative enzyme activity. This may suggest that the ability of bacteria to increase plant antioxidative enzyme defenses is widespread.
- Published
- 2019
36. Plant phenomics and the need for physiological phenotyping across scales to narrow the genotype-to-phenotype knowledge gap
- Author
-
Svend Christensen, Dominik K. Großkinsky, Jesper Svensgaard, and Thomas Roitsch
- Subjects
Crops, Agricultural ,Phenotypic plasticity ,Genotype ,Physiology ,In silico ,Genomics ,Plant Science ,Computational biology ,Biology ,Bioinformatics ,Phenotype ,Physiological responses ,Plant Breeding ,Phenomics ,Genotype-phenotype distinction ,Genotype to phenotype ,Functional genomics ,Genome, Plant - Abstract
Plants are affected by complex genome×environment×management interactions which determine phenotypic plasticity as a result of the variability of genetic components. Whereas great advances have been made in the cost-efficient and high-throughput analyses of genetic information and non-invasive phenotyping, the large-scale analyses of the underlying physiological mechanisms lag behind. The external phenotype is determined by the sum of the complex interactions of metabolic pathways and intracellular regulatory networks that is reflected in an internal, physiological, and biochemical phenotype. These various scales of dynamic physiological responses need to be considered, and genotyping and external phenotyping should be linked to the physiology at the cellular and tissue level. A high-dimensional physiological phenotyping across scales is needed that integrates the precise characterization of the internal phenotype into high-throughput phenotyping of whole plants and canopies. By this means, complex traits can be broken down into individual components of physiological traits. Since the higher resolution of physiological phenotyping by 'wet chemistry' is inherently limited in throughput, high-throughput non-invasive phenotyping needs to be validated and verified across scales to be used as proxy for the underlying processes. Armed with this interdisciplinary and multidimensional phenomics approach, plant physiology, non-invasive phenotyping, and functional genomics will complement each other, ultimately enabling the in silico assessment of responses under defined environments with advanced crop models. This will allow generation of robust physiological predictors also for complex traits to bridge the knowledge gap between genotype and phenotype for applications in breeding, precision farming, and basic research.
- Published
- 2015
37. Abscisic Acid–Cytokinin Antagonism Modulates Resistance Against Pseudomonas syringae in Tobacco
- Author
-
Eric van der Graaff, Dominik K. Großkinsky, and Thomas Roitsch
- Subjects
Cytokinins ,Pseudomonas syringae ,Cyclopentanes ,Plant Science ,Biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Plant Growth Regulators ,Auxin ,Tobacco ,Botany ,Plant defense against herbivory ,Plant Immunity ,Oxylipins ,Abscisic acid ,Plant Diseases ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Indoleacetic Acids ,Jasmonic acid ,Phytoalexin ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Ethylenes ,Plant Leaves ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,Kinetin ,Salicylic Acid ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Salicylic acid ,Abscisic Acid - Abstract
Phytohormones are known as essential regulators of plant defenses, with ethylene, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid as the central immunity backbone, while other phytohormones have been demonstrated to interact with this. Only recently, a function of the classic phytohormone cytokinin in plant immunity has been described in Arabidopsis, rice, and tobacco. Although interactions of cytokinins with salicylic acid and auxin have been indicated, the complete network of cytokinin interactions with other immunity-relevant phytohormones is not yet understood. Therefore, we studied the interaction of kinetin and abscisic acid as a negative regulator of plant immunity to modulate resistance in tobacco against Pseudomonas syringae. By analyzing infection symptoms, pathogen proliferation, and accumulation of the phytoalexin scopoletin as a key mediator of kinetin-induced resistance in tobacco, antagonistic interaction of these phytohormones in plant immunity was identified. Kinetin reduced abscisic acid levels in tobacco, while increased abscisic acid levels by exogenous application or inhibition of abscisic acid catabolism by diniconazole neutralized kinetin-induced resistance. Based on these results, we conclude that reduction of abscisic acid levels by enhanced abscisic acid catabolism strongly contributes to cytokinin-mediated resistance effects. Thus, the identified cytokinin–abscisic acid antagonism is a novel regulatory mechanism in plant immunity.
- Published
- 2014
38. Ectopic overexpression of the cell wall invertase gene CIN1 leads to dehydration avoidance in tomato
- Author
-
Francisco Pérez-Alfocea, Elena Cantero-Navarro, María E. Balibrea, Günther Zellnig, Dominik K. Großkinsky, Alfonso Albacete, Eric van der Graaff, José Antonio Hernández, Wolfram Weckwerth, Cristina Martínez-Andújar, Lena Fragner, Michel Edmond Ghanem, Roque Bru, María de la Cruz González, Cintia Lucía Arias, Thomas Roitsch, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, and Proteómica y Genómica Funcional de Plantas
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Sucrose ,Physiology ,tomato ,Plant Science ,source sink relationships ,01 natural sciences ,Ectopic Gene Expression ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Solanum lycopersicum ,Cell Wall ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,Source–sink relationships ,ethylene ,Photosynthesis ,Plant Proteins ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,drought stress ,food and beverages ,Bioquímica y Biología Molecular ,Plants, Genetically Modified ,Droughts ,source–sink relationships ,cytokinins ,Biochemistry ,Cell wall invertase ,Corrigendum ,CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS ,Research Paper ,Stomatal conductance ,Biology ,Ciencias Biológicas ,Chenopodium ,03 medical and health sciences ,Hexose ,Water-use efficiency ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https] ,Ciencias de las Plantas, Botánica ,030304 developmental biology ,beta-Fructofuranosidase ,Abiotic stress ,fungi ,Metabolism ,15. Life on land ,Plant Leaves ,Invertase ,chemistry ,Sourcesink relationships ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
© The Author 2014. Drought stress conditions modify source-sink relations, thereby influencing plant growth, adaptive responses, and consequently crop yield. Invertases are key metabolic enzymes regulating sink activity through the hydrolytic cleavage of sucrose into hexose monomers, thus playing a crucial role in plant growth and development. However, the physiological role of invertases during adaptation to abiotic stress conditions is not yet fully understood. Here it is shown that plant adaptation to drought stress can be markedly improved in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) by overexpression of the cell wall invertase (cwInv) gene CIN1 from Chenopodium rubrum. CIN1 overexpression limited stomatal conductance under normal watering regimes, leading to reduced water consumption during the drought period, while photosynthetic activity was maintained. This caused a strong increase in water use efficiency (up to 50%), markedly improving water stress adaptation through an efficient physiological strategy of dehydration avoidance. Drought stress strongly reduced cwInv activity and induced its proteinaceous inhibitor in the leaves of the wild-type plants. However, the CIN1-overexpressing plants registered 3- to 6-fold higher cwInv activity in all analysed conditions. Surprisingly, the enhanced invertase activity did not result in increased hexose concentrations due to the activation of the metabolic carbohydrate fluxes, as reflected by the maintenance of the activity of key enzymes of primary metabolism and increased levels of sugar-phosphate intermediates under water deprivation. The induced sink metabolism in the leaves explained the maintenance of photosynthetic activity, delayed senescence, and increased source activity under drought stress. Moreover, CIN1 plants also presented a better control of production of reactive oxygen species and sustained membrane protection. Those metabolic changes conferred by CIN1 overexpression were accompanied by increases in the concentrations of the senescence-delaying hormone trans-zeatin and decreases in the senescence-inducing ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) in the leaves. Thus, cwInv critically functions at the integration point of metabolic, hormonal, and stress signals, providing a novel strategy to overcome drought-induced limitations to crop yield, without negatively affecting plant fitness under optimal growth conditions.
- Published
- 2014
39. Differential effects of carbohydrates on arabidopsis pollen germination
- Author
-
Dominik K. Großkinsky, José M. García Fernández, Edith Stabentheiner, Jörg Hirsche, Thomas Roitsch, Junta de Andalucía, Bavarian Ministry of the Environment and Consumer Protection, German Research Foundation, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Danish Council for Independent Research, Ministry of Higher Education and Science (Denmark), and European Commission
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Sucrose ,Arabidopsis thaliana ,Physiology ,Arabidopsis ,Carbohydrates ,Mannose ,Oligosaccharides ,Germination ,Plant Science ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Pollen ,Metabolic regulation ,Botany ,medicine ,Sugar ,Hexoses ,biology ,Chemistry ,Structure-function relationship ,Plant physiology ,food and beverages ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Signaling ,030104 developmental biology ,Pollen germination ,Carbohydrate Metabolism ,Energy source ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Pollen germination as a crucial process in plant development strongly depends on the accessibility of carbon as energy source. Carbohydrates, however, function not only as a primary energy source, but also as important signaling components. In a comprehensive study, we analyzed various aspects of the impact of 32 different sugars on in vitro germination of Arabidopsis pollen comprising about 150 variations of individual sugars and combinations. Twenty-six structurally different mono-, di- and oligosaccharides, and sugar analogs were initially tested for their ability to support pollen germination. Whereas several di- and oligosaccharides supported pollen germination, hexoses such as glucose, fructose and mannose did not support and even considerably inhibited pollen germination when added to germination-supporting medium. Complementary experiments using glucose analogs with varying functional features, the hexokinase inhibitor mannoheptulose and the glucose-insensitive hexokinase-deficient Arabidopsis mutant gin2-1 suggested that mannose- and glucose-mediated inhibition of sucrose-supported pollen germination depends partially on hexokinase signaling. The results suggest that, in addition to their role as energy source, sugars act as signaling molecules differentially regulating the complex process of pollen germination depending on their structural properties. Thus, a sugar-dependent multilayer regulation of Arabidopsis pollen germination is supported, which makes this approach a valuable experimental system for future studies addressing sugar sensing and signaling., This study was supported by the Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Umwelt, Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz, the SFB 56 and the DFG Graduiertenkolleg 1342 [to T.R.]; MINECO [contract No. CTQ2015-64425-C2-1-R to J.M.G.F]; the Junta de Andalucía [contract No. FQM2012-1467 to J.M.G.F]; the European Regional Development Funds (FEDER) [to J.M.G.F.]; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of CR within the National Sustainability Program I (NPU I) [grant No. LO1415 to T.R.]; and by the Danish Council for Independent Research, Danish Ministry of Higher Education and Science to [Individual Postdoctoral Grant No. 4093-00255 to D.K.G.].
- Published
- 2017
40. UV-B Exposure of Black Carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens) Plants Promotes Growth, Accumulation of Anthocyanin, and Phenolic Compounds
- Author
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José Ramón Acosta-Motos, Dominik K. Großkinsky, Renate Müller, Henrik Lütken, Gregorio Barba-Espín, José Antonio Hernández, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), and Gobierno de la Región de Murcia
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Biomass ,Taproot ,phenolic compounds ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:Agriculture ,Anthocyanins ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Abscisic acid ,030304 developmental biology ,photoperiodism ,UV-B irradiance ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Jasmonic acid ,fungi ,lcsh:S ,food and beverages ,Black carrot ,biology.organism_classification ,anthocyanins ,Phenolic compounds ,phytohormones ,Phytohormones ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,Anthocyanin ,black carrot ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Salicylic acid ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Daucus carota - Abstract
© The Author(s)., Black carrot (Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus var. atroburens) is a root vegetable with anthocyanins as major phenolic compounds. The accumulation of phenolic compounds is a common response to UV-B exposure, acting as protective compounds and as antioxidants. In the present study, black carrot plants grown under a 12-h photoperiod were supplemented with UV-B radiation (21.6 kj m−2 day−1) during the last two weeks of growth. Carrot taproots and tops were harvested separately, and the effect of the UV-B irradiance was evaluated in terms of size (biomass and length), total monomeric anthocyanin content (TMC), total phenolic content (TPC), and phytohormones levels. The results showed that UV-B irradiance promoted plant growth, as shown by the elevated root (30%) and top (24%) biomass, the increased TMC and TPC in the root (over 10%), and the increased TPC of the top (9%). A hormone analysis revealed that, in response to UV-B irradiance, the levels of abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) decreased in tops while the level of the cytokinins cis-zeatin (cZ) and trans-zeatinriboside (tZR) increased in roots, which correlated with an amplified growth and the accumulation of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds. Beyond the practical implications that this work may have, it contributes to the understanding of UV-B responses in black carrot, This research was funded by the Danish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Education grant number 6111-00240B and “Fundación Séneca” of the Agency of Science and Technology of the Region of Murcia grant number 20405/SF/17.
- Published
- 2019
41. Regulation of Abiotic and Biotic Stress Responses by Plant Hormones
- Author
-
Eric van der Graaff, Dominik K. Großkinsky, and Thomas Roitsch
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Abiotic component ,MAPK/ERK pathway ,Endoplasmic reticulum ,Plant Immunity ,Biotic stress ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Cell biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Hormone - Published
- 2016
42. Phytoalexin transgenics in crop protection—Fairy tale with a happy end?
- Author
-
Eric van der Graaff, Thomas Roitsch, and Dominik K. Großkinsky
- Subjects
Crops, Agricultural ,Plant Immunity ,Plant Science ,Computational biology ,Biology ,Plant disease resistance ,Genes, Plant ,Stress, Physiological ,Phytoalexins ,Genetics ,Plant defense against herbivory ,Secondary metabolism ,Disease Resistance ,Plant Diseases ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,business.industry ,Effector ,Phytoalexin ,General Medicine ,Plants, Genetically Modified ,Crop protection ,Biotechnology ,Metabolic pathway ,chemistry ,Genetic Engineering ,business ,Sesquiterpenes ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Phytoalexins are pathogen induced low molecular weight compounds with antimicrobial activities derived from secondary metabolism. Following their identification, phytoalexins were directly incorporated into the network of plant defense responses. Due to their heterogeneity, the metabolic pathways involved in phytoalexin formation and in particular the regulatory mechanisms remained elusive. Consequently, research focus shifted to the characterization of other components of plant immunity such as defense signaling and resistance mechanisms, including components of systemic acquired and induced systemic resistance, effector and pathogen-associated molecular pattern triggered immunity as well as R-gene resistance. Despite the obtained knowledge on these immunity mechanisms, genetic engineering employing these mechanisms and classical breeding reached too low improvements in crop protection, probably because classical breeding focused on yield performance and taste, rather than pathogen resistance. The increasing demand for disease resistant crop species and the aim to reduce pesticide application therefore requires alternative approaches. Recent advances in the understanding of phytoalexin function, biosynthesis and regulation, in combination with novel methods of molecular engineering and advances in instrumental analysis, returned attention to phytoalexins as a potent target for improving crop protection. Based on this, the advantages as well as potential bottlenecks for molecular approaches of modulating inducible phytoalexins to improve crop protection are discussed.
- Published
- 2012
43. Compartment-Specific Antioxidative Defense in Arabidopsis Against Virulent and Avirulent Pseudomonas syringae
- Author
-
Thomas Roitsch, Romana Maier, Dominik K. Großkinsky, Barbara E. Koffler, and Bernd Zechmann
- Subjects
Hypersensitive response ,Arabidopsis ,Pseudomonas syringae ,3,3'-Diaminobenzidine ,Ascorbic Acid ,Plant Science ,Antioxidants ,Article ,Microbiology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Superoxides ,Disease Resistance ,Plant Diseases ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reactive oxygen species ,biology ,Nitroblue Tetrazolium ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,Glutathione ,Biotic stress ,biology.organism_classification ,Ascorbic acid ,Apoplast ,chemistry ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Groskinsky, D. K., Koffler, B. E., Roitsch, T., Maier, R., and Zechmann, B. 2012. Compartment-specific antioxidative defense in Arabidopsis against virulent and avirulent Pseudomonas syringae. Phytopathology 102:662-673. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during biotic stress is either part of a hypersensitive response of the plant or induced directly by the pathogen. Antioxidants such as ascorbate and glutathione counteract the accumulation of ROS and are part of the defense reaction. The aim of the present study was to investigate the compartment-specific importance of ascorbate and glutathione during a virulent and avirulent Pseudomonas syringae infection in Arabidopsis thaliana. Peroxisomes were found to be the hotspot for glutathione accumulation reaching 452% and 258% of control levels 24 h postinoculation during the virulent and avirulent infection, respectively. An accumulation of ascorbate could also be observed in vacuoles during Pseudomonas syringae infection, whereas glutathione remained absent in this cell compartment. Neither glutathione nor ascorbate accumulated in the apoplast during pathogen infection demonstrating an only negligible role of these antioxidants in the apoplast during pathogen infection. Compartment-specific changes followed a recently proposed stress model with an increase of ascorbate and glutathione in most cell compartments at the early stages of infection and a strong drop at the later stage of infection when a strong accumulation of ROS and symptoms occurred in the leaves. This study highlights the importance of certain cell compartments and antioxidants in general for the protection of pathogen-induced ROS accumulation.
- Published
- 2012
44. Cytokinins Mediate Resistance against Pseudomonas syringae in Tobacco through Increased Antimicrobial Phytoalexin Synthesis Independent of Salicylic Acid Signaling
- Author
-
Nicole Plickert, Dominik K. Großkinsky, Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen, Thomas Roitsch, Eric van der Graaff, Uwe K. Simon, Miroslav Strnad, Jürgen Zeier, Hartwig W. Pfeifhofer, Thomas Griebel, Ondřej Novák, Thomas Engelke, and Muhammad Naseem
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Physiology ,Nicotiana tabacum ,Phytoalexin ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,Plant disease resistance ,biology.organism_classification ,Capsidiol ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Cytokinin ,Genetics ,Pseudomonas syringae ,Arabidopsis thaliana ,heterocyclic compounds ,Jasmonate - Abstract
Cytokinins are phytohormones that are involved in various regulatory processes throughout plant development, but they are also produced by pathogens and known to modulate plant immunity. A novel transgenic approach enabling autoregulated cytokinin synthesis in response to pathogen infection showed that cytokinins mediate enhanced resistance against the virulent hemibiotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci. This was confirmed by two additional independent transgenic approaches to increase endogenous cytokinin production and by exogenous supply of adenine- and phenylurea-derived cytokinins. The cytokinin-mediated resistance strongly correlated with an increased level of bactericidal activities and up-regulated synthesis of the two major antimicrobial phytoalexins in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), scopoletin and capsidiol. The key role of these phytoalexins in the underlying mechanism was functionally proven by the finding that scopoletin and capsidiol substitute in planta for the cytokinin signal: phytoalexin pretreatment increased resistance against P. syringae. In contrast to a cytokinin defense mechanism in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) based on salicylic acid-dependent transcriptional control, the cytokinin-mediated resistance in tobacco is essentially independent from salicylic acid and differs in pathogen specificity. It is also independent of jasmonate levels, reactive oxygen species, and high sugar resistance. The novel function of cytokinins in the primary defense response of solanaceous plant species is rather mediated through a high phytoalexin-pathogen ratio in the early phase of infection, which efficiently restricts pathogen growth. The implications of this mechanism for the coevolution of host plants and cytokinin-producing pathogens and the practical application in agriculture are discussed.
- Published
- 2011
45. Trichoderma volatiles effecting Arabidopsis: from inhibition to protection against phytopathogenic fungi
- Author
-
Birgit Piechulla, Metwally R. Kottb, Tamara Gigolashvili, and Dominik K. Großkinsky
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,camalexin ,6-pentyl-α-pyrone ,Arabidopsis thaliana ,Glucosinolates ,lcsh:QR1-502 ,Plant Science ,Microbiology ,lcsh:Microbiology ,Anthocyanins ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Botrytis cinerea ,Arabidopsis ,Botany ,Camalexin ,mVOCs ,Original Research ,Alternaria brassicicola ,biology ,fungi ,food and beverages ,biology.organism_classification ,Trichome ,phytohormones ,chemistry ,trichomes ,Trichoderma ,Anthocyanin ,Trichoderma asperellum IsmT5 - Abstract
Trichoderma species are present in many ecosystems and some strains have the ability to reduce the severity of plant diseases by activating various defense pathways via specific biologically active signaling molecules. Hence we investigated the effects of low molecular weight volatile compounds of Trichoderma asperellum IsmT5 on Arabidopsis thaliana. During co-cultivation of T. asperellum IsmT5 without physical contact to A. thaliana we observed smaller but vital and robust plants. The exposed plants exhibit increased trichome numbers, accumulation of defense-related compounds such as H2O2, anthocyanin, camalexin, and increased expression of defense-related genes. We conclude that A. thaliana perceives the Trichoderma volatiles as stress compounds and subsequently initiates multilayered adaptations including activation of signaling cascades to withstand this environmental influence. The prominent headspace volatile of T. asperellum IsmT5 was identified to be 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6PP), which was solely applied to A. thaliana to verify the growth and defense reactions. Most noticeable is that A. thaliana preexposed to 6PP showed significantly reduced symptoms when challenged with Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola, indicating that defense-activated plants subsequently became more resistant to pathogen attack. Together, these results support that products that are based on Trichoderma volatiles have the potential being a useful biocontrol agent in agriculture.
- Published
- 2015
46. Simple and robust determination of the activity signature of key carbohydrate metabolism enzymes for physiological phenotyping in model and crop plants
- Author
-
Elena Cantero-Navarro, Andreas Fangmeier, Jürgen Franzaring, Dominik K. Großkinsky, Hyosub Chu, Eric van der Graaff, Alfonso Albacete, Alexandra Jammer, Thomas Roitsch, Nora Luschin-Ebengreuth, Edith Stabentheiner, Anna Gasperl, and Elmien Heyneke
- Subjects
Crops, Agricultural ,Proteomics ,physiological phenotyping ,Physiology ,Carbohydrate metabolism ,Plant Science ,Protein purification ,Plant Proteins ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,kinetic assay ,Crop yield ,food and beverages ,Plants ,Phenotype ,Enzyme assay ,physiological state ,Enzyme ,enzyme activities ,Inflorescence ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,signatures ,biology.protein ,Doubled haploidy ,dialysis ,Carbohydrate Metabolism ,protein extraction - Abstract
The analysis of physiological parameters is important to understand the link between plant phenotypes and their genetic bases, and therefore is needed as an important element in the analysis of model and crop plants. The activities of enzymes involved in primary carbohydrate metabolism have been shown to be strongly associated with growth performance, crop yield, and quality, as well as stress responses. A simple, fast, and cost-effective method to determine activities for 13 key enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism has been established, mainly based on coupled spectrophotometric kinetic assays. The comparison of extraction buffers and requirement for dialysis of crude protein extracts resulted in a universal protein extraction protocol, suitable for the preparation of protein extracts from different organs of various species. Individual published kinetic activity assays were optimized and adapted for a semi-high-throughput 96-well assay format. These assays proved to be robust and are thus suitable for physiological phenotyping, enabling the characterization and diagnosis of the physiological state. The potential of the determination of distinct enzyme activity signatures as part of a physiological fingerprint was shown for various organs and tissues from three monocot and five dicot model and crop species, including two case studies with external stimuli. Differential and specific enzyme activity signatures are apparent during inflorescence development and upon in vitro cold treatment of young inflorescences in the monocot ryegrass, related to conditions for doubled haploid formation. Likewise, treatment of dicot spring oilseed rape with elevated CO2 concentration resulted in distinct patterns of enzyme activity responses in leaves.
- Published
- 2015
47. The role of cis-zeatin-type cytokinins in plant growth regulation and mediating responses to environmental interactions
- Author
-
Ian T. Baldwin, Stefan Meldau, Martin Schäfer, Christoph Brütting, Dominik K. Großkinsky, Ivan D. Meza‐Canales, and Radomira Vankova
- Subjects
Abiotic component ,Plant growth ,Herbivore ,Food Chain ,Physiology ,Abiotic stress ,Zeatin ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Plant Development ,Plant Science ,Genetically modified crops ,Biology ,Plant disease resistance ,Article ,Cell biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Plant Growth Regulators ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,Herbivory ,Corrigendum ,Function (biology) ,Plant Physiological Phenomena - Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) are well-established as important phytohormonal regulators of plant growth and development. An increasing number of studies have also revealed the function of these hormones in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. While the function of certain CK classes, including trans-zeatin and isopentenyladenine-type CKs, have been studied in detail, the role of cis-zeatin-type CKs (cZs) in plant development and in mediating environmental interactions is less well defined. Here we provide a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge about abundance, metabolism and activities of cZs in plants. We outline the history of their analysis and the metabolic routes comprising cZ biosynthesis and degradation. Further we provide an overview of changes in the pools of cZs during plant development and environmental interactions. We summarize studies that investigate the role of cZs in regulating plant development and defence responses to pathogen and herbivore attack and highlight their potential role as 'novel' stress-response markers. Since the functional roles of cZs remain largely based on correlative data and genetic manipulations of their biosynthesis, inactivation and degradation are few, we suggest experimental approaches using transgenic plants altered in cZ levels to further uncover their roles in plant growth and environmental interactions and their potential for crop improvement.
- Published
- 2015
48. Phenotyping in the fields: dissecting the genetics of quantitative traits and digital farming
- Author
-
Thomas Roitsch, Uwe Rascher, Jesper Svensgaard, Dominik K. Großkinsky, Svend Christensen, Ulrich Schurr, and Roland Pieruschka
- Subjects
Noninvasive imaging ,ddc:580 ,Physiology ,Agriculture ,business.industry ,Plant Science ,Quantitative trait locus ,Biology ,business ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2015
49. The Arabidopsis PLAT domain protein1 promotes abiotic stress tolerance and growth in tobacco
- Author
-
Seung Hee Eom, Hannah Böhm, Dominik K. Großkinsky, Alfonso Albacete, Ursula Janschek, Soo Young Kim, Thomas Roitsch, Yeonggil Rim, Tae Kyung Hyun, Walid Wahid Ali, and Eric van der Graaff
- Subjects
PLAT domain ,TRPP Cation Channels ,Protein family ,Transgene ,Lipoxygenase ,Regulator ,Biology ,Sodium Chloride ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,Stress, Physiological ,Arabidopsis ,Botany ,Tobacco ,Genetics ,Abiotic component ,Abiotic stress ,Arabidopsis Proteins ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Lipase ,Biotic stress ,biology.organism_classification ,Plants, Genetically Modified ,Droughts ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Plant growth and consequently crop yield can be severely compromised by abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Transgenic approaches that resulted in increased tolerance against abiotic stresses often were typically accompanied by adverse effects on plant growth and fitness under optimal growing conditions. Proteins that belong to the PLAT-plant-stress protein family harbour a single PLAT (Polycystin, Lipoxygenase, Alpha-toxin and Triacylglycerol lipase) domain and are ubiquitously present in monocot and dicot plant species. Until now, only limited data is available for PLAT-plant-stress family members, which suggested that these proteins in general could promote tolerance towards stress responses. We studied the function of the Arabidopsis PLAT-plant-stress protein AtPLAT1 employing heterologous gain-of-function analysis in tobacco. AtPLAT1 conferred increased abiotic stress tolerance in tobacco, evident by improved tolerance towards cold, drought and salt stresses, and promoted growth, reflected by a faster development under non-stressed conditions. However, the overexpression of AtPLAT1 in tobacco reduced the tolerance towards biotic stress conditions and, therefore, could be involved in regulating the crosstalk between abiotic and biotic stress responses. Thus, we showed that heterologously expressed AtPLAT1 functions as positive regulator of abiotic stress tolerance and plant growth, which could be an important new asset for strategies to develop plants with improved abiotic stress tolerance, without growth and subsequent yield penalties under optimal growth conditions.
- Published
- 2014
50. A rapid phytohormone and phytoalexin screening method for physiological phenotyping
- Author
-
Hartwig W. Pfeifhofer, Alexandra Jammer, Dominik K. Großkinsky, Thomas Roitsch, Eric van der Graaff, Alfonso Albacete, and Peter Krbez
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Phenotype ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Plant Growth Regulators ,Phytoalexins ,Phytoalexin ,Botany ,Screening method ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Molecular Biology ,Sesquiterpenes - Published
- 2014
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