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Brachypogon (Isohelea) nitidulus (Edwards, 1921) nitidulus (Edwards, 1921): 125 (Psilohelea). United Kingdom (Scotland). norvegicus Szadziewski and Hagan, 2000: 459. Norway. New synonym. Brachypogon nitidulus was described from the Isle of Arran where the holotype male and other specimens of both sexes were collected. The original description of male is brief and lacks drawings. The first illustrations of male genitalia are given in a paper on British biting midges (Edwards 1926), and they clearly show the very small cerci which are characteristic for this species and the heavily sclerotized, broadly fused parameres (Fig. 1A). Remm synonymized this name first with B. turfaceus (Kieffer, 1925) and B. finniae (Clastrier, 1961) (Remm 1974, as junior synonym), and later also with B. crassiforceps (Remm 1981, as senior synonym). Szadziewski & Hagan (2000) described B. norvegicus based on a false premise that Remm’s (1974) interpretation of B. nitidulus is correct (male genitalia with large cerci and middle part of parameres weakly sclerotized). It is obvious that B. norvegicus is morphologically identical with B. nitidulus and the name should be treated as a junior synonym of the latter species.

Dominiak, Patrycja, Szadziewski, Ryszard (2023): Taxonomic status of two European sibling and barcode-sharing species of Brachypogon Kieffer, 1899 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 5319 (1): 145-147, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5319.1.12, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5319.1.12

Brachypogon (Isohelea) crassiforceps (Kieffer, 1925) crassiforceps (Kieffer, 1925): 411 (Trishelea). Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast). turfaceus (Kieffer, 1925): 415 (Anakempia). Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast). New synonym. finniae (Clastrier, 1961): 417 (Ceratopogon). Finland. New synonym. nitidulus auct.: Remm 1981: 28 (= crassiforceps); Remm 1988: 45 (in catalog); Szadziewski et al. 1994: 21 (Belgium, Poland). The original descriptions of males of B. crassiforceps and B. turfaceus are long but not very accurate. Although the type specimens of both species are most probably lost, the presence of particularly large cerci is clearly marked in the illustrations of the male genitalia provided by Kieffer (1925). Such cerci are rather unique among European species of the genus, what let us to assume that these two names are synonymous. The original drawing of B. crassiforceps fits quite well to B. nitidulus auctorum (e.g. Szadziewski et al. 1994). However, for the male of B. turfaceus , we are accepting here a more detailed illustrated interpretation given by Remm (1974), and following his suggestion (Remm 1974, 1981) to treat B. crassiforceps, B. turfaceus and B. finniae as conspecific. Males of B. crassiforceps have large cerci and weakly sclerotized middle part of parameres (Fig. 1B), in which they differ significantly from B. nitidulus males. The name is now retrieved from synonymy.

Dasyhelea mesophylla Dominiak and Borkent , sp. nov. Diagnosis The only Dasyhelea in the Neotropical Region with the following characteristics. Male adult: with a single elongate radial cell, sternite 9 straight, paramere sinusoidal, twisted and tapering to a narrow apex, fused basally with gonocoxal apodemes and forming with them an asymmetrical structure, aedeagus symmetrical with dark, well-developed anterolateral club-like projections and 2 well separated and slender posterior projections with apices that are hooked dorsolaterally. Female adult: with 1 elongate radial cell, frontal sclerite broader than long, with sternite 9 elongate anteriorly, conical and with a rounded apex. Pupa: with the respiratory organ curved and coming to a sharp point, with a double row of about 7 circular pores each (so about 14 total) restricted to the apical 0.3 of the respiratory organ, and with a slightly elongate, pointed, gradually tapering terminal process bearing 2–3 pointed tubercles laterally near its base. Larva: not presently diagnosable, but see taxonomic discussion. Description Male adult. Antenna (Figure 1 (a)) dark; antennal flagellum length 0.58–0.60 mm (n = 3), antennal ratio 0.79–0.95 (n = 3). Frontal sclerite broad, with long, slender projection. Clypeus divided into two parts, with 7–11 setae distributed laterally in two rows (n = 4). Palpus (Figure 5 (b)) with third palpal segment relatively stout, 44–53 μm long (n = 4); palpal ratio of the third segment 2.54–3.17 (n = 4); sensilla capitata present on segment 3 only, rather sparse and distributed closer to its outer margin. Thorax (Figure 1 (b)), aside from slightly lighter lateral sclerites, dark. Scutellum yellowish, with 6–8 bristles and 1–5 smaller setae (n = 5). Wing with 1 radial cell; wing length 0.76–0.81 mm (n = 4), costal ratio 0.45–0.48 (n = 4). Halter dark. Legs (Figure 1 (b)) pale with indistinct, irregular darker patches at midlength of fore- and midfemora and tibiae of all legs, and apical half of hind femur. Hind tibial comb with 5–7 spine-like setae (n = 4). Tarsal ratios: foreleg 2.1–2.3 (n = 3), midleg 2.4–2.6 (n = 3), hind leg 2.2–2.5 (n = 4). Abdominal segments 3–8 well sclerotised; sclerotisation on segments 3–5 disjunct medially. Genitalia (Figures 1 (c), 5(a)). Apicolateral process of tergite 9 prominent, finger-like, with single apical seta. Cercus moderately small, with 4 setae (n = 1). Posterior margin of sternite 9 straight or with shallow excavation medially. Gonocoxite without mesoventral hook. Gonostylus nearly straight, with rounded apex, same length as or slightly longer than gonocoxite. Paramere and gonocoxal apodemes fused and forming an asymmetrical structure; paramere sinusoidal, twisted, tapering to narrow apex. Aedeagus symmetrical, with dark, well-developed anterolateral club-like projections, 2 well-separated and slender posterior projections with apices hooked dorsolaterally; anteroventral margin of aedeagus weakly sclerotised, rounded. Female adult. Antenna (Figure 2 (a)) dark; antennal flagellum length 0.52 mm, antennal ratio 0.84. Frontal sclerite broad, with long, slender projection. Clypeus divided into two parts, with about 15 setae distributed laterally in two rows. Third palpal segment relatively stout, 46 μm long; palpal ratio of the third segment 2.67; sensilla capitata as in male. Scutellum yellowish, with 8 bristles and about 8 smaller setae. Wing with 1 radial cell; wing length 0.78 mm, costal ratio 0.50. Legs pale with indistinct, irregular darker patches at midlength of fore-, hind femora, tibiae. Hind tibial comb with 6 spine-like setae. Tarsal ratios: foreleg 2.3, midleg 2.3, hind leg 2.3. Genitalia (Figures 2 (b,c), 5(c)). Abdominal segments (Figure 2 (b)) 3–8 well sclerotised; sclerotisation on segments 3–5 disjunct in the middle. Sternite 9 elongate anteriorly, conical, with rounded apex (Figures 2 (b), 5(c)). Spermatheca (Figure 2 (c)) single, retort-shaped, length 48 μm (distorted). Fourth instar larva (Figures 3 (a–f), 8(b)). Total length 1.93–3.22 mm (n = 8). Colour in life whitish, with head capsule dark brown, length 0.27–0.35 mm (n = 18), L/ W 1.61 –1.92 (n = 7), tapering to apex; chaetotaxy as in Figures 3 (a–c), unlabelled anterior setae are uncertain, j not visible in figures but present. Labrum (Figures 3 (b–c)) narrow, projecting anteriorly; anterolateral margins of head capsule extending anteriorly. Mandible (Figures 3 (a,c,d)) with 3 teeth, apical 2 teeth elongate, pointed, basal tooth broad. Epipharynx (Figure 3 (d)) massive, strongly sclerotised, lateral arms stout, short, dorsal comb with well-developed fringe. Hypopharynx (Figure 3 (d)) well developed. Caudal segment with approximately 5–7 well-developed hooks (on each side). Other details either not visible or similar to most other Dasyhelea (Díaz et al. 2018, 2019). Third instar larva (Figure 8 (a)). Similar to fourth instar. Total length 1.78–2.59 mm (n = 7). Colour in life whitish, with head capsule dark brown, length 0.20–0.23 mm (n = 8), L/ W 1.62 –1.74 (n = 4), tapering to apex. Pupa. Habitus as in Figures 4 (a), 8(c–d). Total length 1.87–2.29 mm (n = 7). Clypeus (Figure 6 (a)) with CL-1-H, CL-2-H apparently absent in most, one specimen with very tiny seta CL-2-H, otherwise the area of these sensilla represented by small section of contorted cuticle; O-2-H absent; dorsal apotome (Figure 6 (b)) smooth, with DA-1-H a tiny seta, DA-2-H a campaniform sensillum. Mesonotum without short tubercles; respiratory organ (Figure 4 (b)) length/width 5.3–6.3 (n = 5), curved, apex pointed, somewhat circular in cross section, with a double row of about 7 circular pores each (so about 14 total), restricted to about apical 0.3 of respiratory organ, closely abutting apically, separated more basally, outer surface with strong annulations on posterior (inner curve) for about basal 0.2–0.5 to about 0.1–0.8, without spicules, tracheal tube curved along length of respiratory organ, somewhat thicker basally, with spirals restricted to base; sensilla: anterolaterals – 1 seta, 2 campaniform sensilla; dorsal setae (Figure 6 (c)) – D-1-T well anterior of D-2-T, D-3-T relatively close to D-2-T. Metathoracics (Figure 6 (d)) – 2 campaniform sensilla; M-2-T, M-3-T separated (not abutting), relatively near anterior margin of metathorax. Abdomen without dark pigmentation, segments 3–8 each with some wide, shelf-like tubercles; segment 9 with terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posteriorly, each with 2–3 lateral, well-developed, pointed projections, with dorsal one bearing campaniform sensillum at its base; sensilla: tergite 1 (Figure 6 (d)) with 5 setae (D-2-I, D-3-I, L-1-I, L-2-I, L-3-I) and 2 campaniform sensilla (D-4-I, D-7-I); segment 4 (Figure 7 (a)) with D-2-IV absent; D-4-IV, D-8-IV each on wide, low, slightly separate tubercle, D-7-IV on slightly pointed tubercle; posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-4-IV, D-7-IV each a campaniform sensillum, D-8-IV a short seta on wide, low tubercle, L-1-IV, L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV each a short seta on apically pointed tubercle; V-5-IV absent; V-6-IV a campaniform sensillum; V-7-IV a seta on wide, low tubercle; segment 9 (Figures 4 (c), 7(b)) long, terminal process with 3–4 divisions, laterally directed tubercles curved to somewhat hook-like, posteriorly directed portion elongate, tapering to point; with only one of D-5-IX present (a campaniform sensillum), D-6-IX apparently present (difficult to discern amidst shagreen), V-1-IX, V-2-IX elongate and short seta, respectively. Distribution and bionomics Dasyhelea mesophylla is known only from the type locality on the west coast of Costa Rica at an altitude of about 5 m. Adult specimens were reared from larvae and pupae present in S. minima leaves (Figure 8) floating in a lagoon on the northern margin of Carara National Park, about 1.5 km east from highway 34 along the hiking trail. The lagoon from which this species was collected in 1993 is periodically flooded by the abutting and extremely large Tárcoles River. The larvae and pupae were common but no specific data were taken in this regard. Virtually every clump of leaves had at least one leaf being mined (or that had been previously mined). Leaves were generally in clumps of 6–12 leaves. Borkent and Craig (2001) described the pupa of Stilobezzia rabelloi Lane, which have piercing respiratory organs to obtain oxygen from the dangling ̍roots′ (actually modified leaves), from the same habitat as D. mesophylla. Observations of the mining larvae and of pupae in the S. minima leaves were made under the dissecting microscope as follows. Several fourth instar larvae were observed in some detail, although many were otherwise present. The larvae actively mined the leaves, scraping at live fern tissue, had green material in their guts and produced green excrement. The narrow labrum and anterolateral margins of head capsule extending anteriorly likely facilitate the scraping of plant tissue. The mines of at least fourth instar larvae produced a bulge on the upper surface of the leaves. The frass produced by larvae was either in the mine or on the surface of the leaf. At least some larvae periodically leave the mine for the surface and then burrow back into the leaf. A few larvae were observed to move from one leaf to another. Possibly this is a means of ensuring that overcrowding does not limit any given larva which can probably move from one abutting leaf to another. One larva was observed feeding on the interior of the leaf but with about 2/3 of its body on the surface of the leaf. Another larva was seen crawling on the surface, then gnawing through the surface to the interior and, after feeding for some time, drawing the rest of the body into the leaf. Generally, when a leaf was mined, there were only 1–2 fourth instars present (aside from other earlier instar larvae), but one instance of three larvae in a single leaf was observed. Several third instar larvae were observed mining the interior of the leaves, in an identical manner to the fourth instar larvae, but no third instars were seen on the surface of the leaves. One second instar larva was observed in a tunnel just slightly wider than its body, winding through the leaf. The mines of third and fourth instar larvae were more excavated in places, connected by swollen (leaf surface bulging at least dorsally) tunnels about the width of those larvae. First and second instar larvae seemed to be concentrated on the peripheral margins of the leaves, while third and fourth instar larvae were generally in the main body of the leaves. On the other hand, several leaves were observed to be partially mined but without larvae, suggesting the larva had died or, more likely, had moved on to another leaf to mine there. Two larvae were observed to pupate. One pupa was entirely encased within the mine with no direct opening to the surface, other than the insertion of its respiratory organs through the surface cuticle of the leaf. Another pupa had cut an opening near the anterior end of the pupa, but without the respiratory organs protruding. Observed again later, the pupa had stuck one respiratory organ up through the leaf cuticle, indicating the pupa only needs to obtain oxygen periodically from the surface (or can withdraw for some time if disturbed). Both pupae had their fourth instar exuviae present nearby (Figures 4 (a), 8(c–d)). A number of other pupae were observed with either one or both respiratory organs protruding from the leaf. Two emerging adults in the laboratory had free-floating pupal exuviae. The one pupa noted above that had been entirely encased by the surface of the leaf had made a jagged exit hole in the leaf, and the other appeared to escape through the hole already present. Some leaves were found with pupal exuviae with part of their abdomens still in the leaves. It is worth noting that Forno and Bourne (1984) previously recognised an unnamed Dasyhelea as ̍phytophagous′ on Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitch. in Brazil. Another species, called Dasyhelea sp. 3 (grisea group), was reported by Torreias et al. (2013) from southeastern Brazil, where its ̍immature stages were collected in S. auriculata ′ Aubl (6). However, considering the sampling method used, the immatures (pupae only?) were most probably found among rhizomes and submerged, root-like leaves of Salvinia. Three males and one female were obtained but no details regarding their morphology are given by the authors (Torreias et al. 2013). Pelli and Barbosa (1998) mentioned D. paulistana Forattini and Rabello as present on S. molesta in Brazil, but they did not assign this species to taxa feeding on Salvinia or to taxa causing harm to it. The latter Dasyhelea species together with D. pseudopollinosa Díaz and Ronderos were collected from mats of S. auriculata and Azolla filiculoides Lam. in Brazil and Argentina (Díaz et al. 2014). Taxonomic and phylogenetic discussion This new species belongs to the grisea species group or subgenus D. (Dasyhelea) (Dominiak 2012) if following the subgeneric division proposed by Remm (1962, 1979). The presence of the strongly modified pupal respiratory organ of D. mesophylla is shared by a number of species in the grisea species group, and because it is unique within the family (Borkent 2014), we consider this a synapomorphy of these species. As such, from the limited number of Dasyhelea species known as pupae (Borkent 2014), we consider D. mesophylla to form a monophyletic group with D. traverae Thomsen from eastern United States, D. pollinosa Wirth from the western and eastern United States, D. chani Wirth and Linley from Florida (United States), D. paulistana from Argentina and Brazil, D. pseudopollinosa from Brazil, D. caesia Remm (syn. D. lugensis Brodskaya) from Europe, and two unnamed species from Indonesia (Sumatra, listed as Holoconops sp. in Mayer 1934b) and Australia (A. Borkent, pers. obs.), respectively. All of them have virtually identical respiratory organs; these are thick at the base to about midlength and taper to a sharp apex. The respiratory organs of the pupae of D. mesophylla are somewhat more elongate than those of the other abovementioned species of Dasyhelea. Although not known as immatures, male D. unicolour Remm and D. stackelbergi Remm appear very similar to those in this group of species and may be closely related. The pupae of D. mesophylla stick their respiratory organs through the upper surface of the mined S. minima leaves to obtain oxygen from the exposed surface of the leaf, suggesting that these other species also use their respiratory organs in a similar manner. However, because at least the larvae of D. traverae do not appear to mine leaves (Thomsen 1935, 1937; Waugh and Wirth 1976) it is also possible that Dasyhelea species with such respiratory horns obtain air from water plants, similarly to S. rabelloi. The piercing respiratory organs of pupae of a group of Stilobezzia Kieffer is clearly separately evolved, as evidenced by differences in the details of the respiratory organs compared with Dasyhelea as well as the phyletic distance between the two groups (Borkent and Craig 2001). In spite of the fact that species of Dasyhelea are common throughout much of the world, only 62 out of 628 known species have been described as larvae (Díaz et al. 2013; Borkent 2014, 2016, 2018, 2019; Duan et al. 2019; Borkent and Dominiak 2020; Lu et al. 2020; Borkent et al. 2022). One reason is probably that larvae of Dasyhelea are generally morphologically conservative. However, the very narrow protruding labrum and corresponding anterolateral projections of the head capsule, likely important for scraping leaf material free to ingest, may be distinctive among those larvae which have been described so far, keeping in mind that, of the species with a piercing respiratory organ, only the larvae of D. caesia (Brodskaya 1995), D. chani (Wirth and Linley 1990) and D. traverae (Thomsen 1937) have been described. It is important to recognise that most descriptions of Dasyhelea larvae are rather superficial. Detailed comparative studies are needed of the significant differences in larvae between the numerous species of this genus. There are at least some marked differences exhibited by some taxa (eg those species living in Nepenthes pitcher plants in Southeast Asia which have extremely long, narrow head capsules; Tokunaga 1961; Wirth and Beaver 1979). None of the Dasyhelea species described from larvae or pupae other than D. mesophylla are known to be leaf-miners. Types Holotype: male adult with associated larval and pupal exuviae, on microscope slide, labelled ̍HOLOTYPE Dasyhelea mesophylla Dominiak and Borkent′, ̍ Costa Rica, 5 km NE, Tarcoles, C.R. 26-vii-1993, A. Borkent CD1490, CD 1490′, ̍Reared from larva mining Salvinia leaf′ (CNCI). Allotype: female adult with associated pupal exuviae labelled as for holotype (CNCI). Paratypes: 3 males each with associated pupal exuviae, labelled as for holotype except ̍Reared from pupa embedded in Salvinia leaf′ (1, MNCR; 2, CNCI); 1 pupa, 19 fourth instars, 6 third instars, from type locality, 3 August 1993, in Salvinia leaves, CD1502 (4 fourth instars, MNCR; remainder, CNCI); 2 pupae and their associated fourth instar exuviae in Salvinia leaves, 2 fourth instars, 1 third instar from type locality, 3 August 1993, CD1502 (CNCI). Derivation of specific epithet The name mesophylla refers to the parenchyma between the epidermal layers of a leaf, the tissue where the larva and pupa of the new species have been found., Published as part of Dominiak, Patrycja & Borkent, Art, 2023, A new species of Dasyhelea (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), mining the leaves of the floating fern Salvinia minima Baker, pp. 665-684 in Journal of Natural History (Oxford, England) (Oxford, England) 57 (9 - 12) on pages 668-680, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2203336, http://zenodo.org/record/8070228, {"references":["Diaz F, Spinelli GR, Ronderos MM. 2018. Two new species of Dasyhelea Kieffer and the immature of D. azteca Huerta & Grogan from Northwestern Argentina (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zool Anz. 272: 6 - 19. doi: 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2017.11.008.","Borkent A, Craig DA. 2001. Submerged Stilobezzia rabelloi LANE (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) pupae obtain oxygen from the aquatic fern Salvinia minima BAKER. Proc Entomol Soc Wash. 103: 655 - 665.","Forno IW, Bourne AS. 1984. Studies in South America of arthropods on the Salvinia auriculata complex of floating ferns and their effects on S. molesta. Bull Entomol Res. 74: 609 - 621. doi: 10. 1017 / S 0007485300013985.","Torreias SRS, Ferreira-Keppler RL, Ronderos MM. 2013. Biting midges (Ceratopogonidae: Diptera) present in aquatic macrophytes from wetlands of Marchantaria Island, Iranduba, Central Amazonia, Brazil. J Nat Hist. 48 (2014): 109 - 122. doi: 10.1080 / 00222933.2013.791934.","Pelli A, Barbosa FAR. 1998. Insetos coletados em Salvinia molesta Mitchell (Salviniaceae), com especial referencia as especies que causam dano a planta, na lagoa Olhos d'Agua, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia. 42 (1 - 2): 9 - 12.","Diaz F, Torreias SRS, Spinelli GR, Donato M, Ronderos MM. 2014. A new species of Dasyhelea from Brazilian Amazonas and the description of the male of D. paulistana (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae. 54: 715 - 728.","Dominiak P. 2012. Biting midges of the genus Dasyhelea Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Poland. Pol J Entomol. 81: 211 - 304.","Remm H. 1962. The genus Dasyhelea Kieffer in Estonia (Diptera, Heleidae). Tartu Riikliku Ulikooli Toimetised. 120: 108 - 133.","Remm H. 1979. A catalogue of the Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) of the Estonian S. S. R. Tartu: Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Tartu; p. 40 - 60.","Borkent A. 2014. The pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), with a generic key and analysis of the phylogenetic relationships between genera. Zootaxa. 3879: 1 - 327. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3879.1.1.","Mayer K. 1934 b. Ceratopogoniden-Metamorphosen der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda- Expedition. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie Suppl. 13 (1): 166 - 202.","Thomsen LC. 1935. New species of New York State Ceratopogonidae. J N Y Entomol Soc. 43: 283 - 297.","Thomsen LC. 1937. Aquatic Diptera. Part V. Ceratopogonidae. Memoirs Cornell Univ Agric Exp Station. 210: 57 - 80.","Wirth WW, Waugh WT. 1976. Five new Neotropical Dasyhelea midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) associated with culture of cocoa. Studia Entomologica. 19: 223 - 236.","Diaz F, Ronderos MM, Spinelli GR, Ferreira-Keppler RL, Torreias SRS. 2013. A new species of Dasyhelea Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Brazilian Amazonia. Zootaxa. 3686: 85 - 93. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3686.1.5.","Duan C, Jiang XH, Chang QQ, Hou XH. 2019. First description of the immature stages of Dasyhelea alula and a redescription of adults from China (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). ZooKeys. 824: 135 - 145. doi: 10.3897 / zookeys. 824.3172","Borkent A, Dominiak P. 2020. Catalog of the biting midges of the world (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa. 4787 (1): 1 - 377. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4787.1.1.","Lu X, Duan C, Ning Y, Jiang XH, Hou XH. 2020. Morphology of the immature stages of Dasyhelea silvatica Wang, Zhang & Yu with redescriptions of adults (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). ZooKeys. 961: 119 - 127. doi: 10.3897 / zookeys. 961.53882.","Borkent A, Dominiak P, Diaz F. 2022. An update and errata for the catalog of the biting midges of the world (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa. 5120 (1): 53 - 64. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5120.1.3.","Brodskaya NK. 1995. A new species of biting midge of the genus Dasyhelea Kieff. (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) from Leningrad region. Int J Dipterol Res. 6: 9 - 12.","Wirth WW, Linley JR. 1990. Description of Dasyhelea chani new species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from leaves of the water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) in Florida. Fla Entomol. 73: 273 - 279. doi: 10.2307 / 3494811.","Tokunaga M. 1961. Notes on biting midges II. Kontyu. 29: 180 - 185.","Wirth WW, Beaver RA. 1979. The Dasyhelea biting midges living in pitchers of Nepenthes in Southwest Asia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (N S). 15: 41 - 52."]}

Dominiak, Patrycja, Borkent, Art (2023): A new species of Dasyhelea (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), mining the leaves of the floating fern Salvinia minima Baker. Journal of Natural History (Oxford, England) 57 (9-12): 665-684, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2203336, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2203336

Source at: http://www.entomologi.no/journals/nje/2022-1/pdf/nje-vol69-no1-2022-82-190-dominiak.pdf Faunistic studies on biting midges conducted mostly in South Norway between 2006 and 2020, as well as a revision of available literature, resulted in a new comprehensive checklist of the species known from mainland Norway. In total, 21 genera and 216 species of Ceratopogonidae have been registered, of which as many as 165 are with Linnaean names. For the remaining 51 species interim names are given as no existing nominal species could be assigned. Four genera, namely Ceratoculicoides Wirth & Ratanaworabhan, 1971, Monohelea Kieffer, 1917b, Phaenobezzia Haeselbarth, 1965 and Probezzia Kieffer, 1906, and 58 species are reported from Norway for the first time. Records of nine biting midge species previously mentioned from the country turned out to be uncertain and are currently treated as doubtful. In Norway, the most species-rich genera of Ceratopogonidae are: Culicoides Latreille, 1809 with 34, Forcipomyia Meigen, 1818 with 29, Dasyhelea Kieffer, 1911a with 22, Atrichopogon Kieffer, 1906 with 16, Bezzia Kieffer, 1899 with 15, and Palpomyia Meigen, 1818 with 15 reported species.

auakua Huerta and Spinelli, 2021: 556. Mexico (Hidalgo).

pallidipes Nie and Yu in Nie et al. 2021: 330. China (Hebei) [on ship from Malaysia]., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Nie, C. - H., Qian, Y. - K., Nie, W. - Z., Yu, Y. - X. & He, J. (2021) A new species of genus Leptoconops (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) collected on an entry ship at Qinhuangdao port. Chinese Frontier Health Quarantine, 44 (5), 330 - 331. [in Chinese, English summary]"]}

Subgenus ISOHELEA Kieffer singularis (Santos Abreu, 1918): 317 (Ceratolophus). Canary Islands (Spain). obscurus (Santos Abreu, 1918): 323 (Ceratolophus, as variety of rufigastris Santos Abreu). Canary Islands (Spain). rufigastris (Santos Abreu, 1918): 321 (Ceratolophus). Canary Islands (Spain). surma Dominiak, Szadziewski and Salmela, 2020: 236. Finland., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Santos Abreu, E. (1918) Ensayo de una Monograf a de los Tendipedidos de las Islas Canarias. Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona 14 (2), 159 - 326, 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8537","Dominiak, P., Szadziewski, R. & Salmela, J. (2020) Descriptions of Brachypogon surma sp. n. from Finland and B. singularis (Santos Abreu, 1918) from the Canary Islands (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Norwegian Journal of Entomology, 67, 235 - 245."]}

Subgenus FORCIPOMYIA Meigen neomaculosa Borkent, Dominiak and Díaz, in this work. New name for Forcipomyia maculosa Yu, Wang and Yu. maculosa Yu, Wang and Yu, in Yu et al. 2015c: 499 (preoccupied by Forcipomyia maculosa Ingram and Macfie, 1931a). China (Yunnan). pyrenaica Szadziewski, Dominiak and Withers, 2020: 113. France. rasnitsyni Szadziewski, Sontag and Pankowski, 2021: 441. Ethiopia. Miocene. szadziewskii Navai, 2021: 241. Afghanistan., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Yu, J., Wang, F. - P., Shi, Q. - M., Chen, M. - M., Yu, Y. - X., Zhang, F. - Q. & Fan, Q. - S. (2015 c) A new species and a new record of midges from Anning, Yunnan (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 26, 498 - 499. [in Chinese, English summary]","Ingram, A. & Macfie, J. W. S. (1931 a) Ceratopogonidae. Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile, Part II, Fasc. 4, 155 - 232.","Szadziewski, R., Dominiak, P. & Withers, P. (2020) Two new species of biting midges from France and Algeria (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Annales Zoologici, 70 (1), 113 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 00034541 ANZ 2020.70.1.006","Szadziewski, R., Sontag, E. & Pankowski, M. V. (2021) A new biting midge of the genus Forcipomyia Meigen, 1818 from Miocene Ethiopian amber (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Palaeoentomology, 4 (5), 441 - 444. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / palaeoentomology. 4.5.9","Navai, S. (2021) Biting midges of the genus Forcipomyia Meigen, 1818 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Afghanistan, with description of a new species. Polish Journal of Entomology, 90, 236 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.5604 / 01.3001.0015.6647"]}

Genus DASYHELEA Kieffer aliciae Grogan, Díaz, Spinelli and Ronderos, 2019: 308. Netherlands (Curaçao). aprojecta Brahma, Chatterjee and Hazra, 2020: 69. India. bulbosa Brahma, Chatterjee and Hazra, 2020: 69. India. curacaoensis Grogan, Díaz, Spinelli and Ronderos, 2019: 317. Netherlands (Curaçao). cyrstostyla Grogan, Díaz, Spinelli and Ronderos, 2019: 314. Netherlands (Curaçao). jinshajangensis Chen, Qian and Yu, in Han et al. 2020: 463. China (Sichuan). latiala Grogan, Díaz, Spinelli and Ronderos, 2019: 311. Netherlands (Curaçao). multiforamina Brahma, Chatterjee and Hazra, 2020: 56. India. patiae Szadziewski and Gwizdalska-Kentzer, 2020: 595. United Arab Emirates. recurva Grogan, Díaz, Spinelli and Ronderos, 2019: 310. Netherlands (Curaçao). rhopaloparamera Grogan, Díaz, Spinelli and Ronderos, 2019: 319. Netherlands (Curaçao)., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Grogan, W. L., Diaz, F, Spinelli, G. R. & Ronderos, M. M. (2019) The biting midges of the Caribbean island Curacao (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). I. Species in the genus Dasyhelea Kieffer. Zootaxa, 4700 (3), 301 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4700.3.1","Chatterjee, S., Brahma, S. & Hazra, N. (2020) Two new species of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Gangetic Plains of West Bengal, India with a key to the Indian species. Oriental Insects, 55, 1 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2020.1775718","Han, S. - K., Bian, S. - Y., Wang, S. - L, Chen, J. - P. Liu, Y., Wang, P. - Z., Deng, Y., Qian, W. - P. & Yu, Y. - X. (2020) A new species and a new record of midges in Sichuan province, China (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Chinese Journal of Vector Biology & Control, 31 (4), 462 - 464. [in Chinese, English summary] https: // doi. org / 10.11853 / j. issn. 1003.8280.2020.04.017","Szadziewski, R. & Gwizdalska-Kentzer, M. (2020) New records of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the United Arab Emirates, with a description of a new species. Zootaxa, 4894 (4), 594 - 597. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4894.4.6"]}

Genus PARYPHOCONUS Enderlein inesae Díaz, Spinelli and Ronderos, 2021: 85. Brazil (Amazonas). Summary In this article we record 70 extant and 7 fossil species and 2 new fossil genera described since Borkent & Dominiak (2020). In addition to the summary provided in that publication, the family now includes 6276 extant and 303 fossil species and 23 fossil genera. The number of species names that are nomina dubia is now 181., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Spinelli, G. R., Ronderos, M. M. & Diaz, F. (2021) Two new species and new records of Neotropical Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa, 4915 (3), 401 - 410. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4915.3.8","Borkent, A. & Dominiak, P. (2020) Catalog of the biting midges of the world (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa, 4787 (1), 1 - 377. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4787.1.1"]}

Genus ATRICHOPOGON Kieffer janseni Pessoa and Farias, in Farias et al. 2021: 227. Brazil (Amazonas). riopardensis Farias, Pessoa and Paulino-Rosa, in Farias et al. 2021: 280. Brazil (Amazonas). ruijinensis Liu, Yu and Chen, 2021a: 463. China (Jiangxi). sergioluzi Farias, Santos and Pessoa, in Farias et al. 2021: 284. Brazil (Amazonas)., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Farias, E. S., Silva dos Santos, S., Paulino-Rosa Dos Santos, J. & Costa Pessoa, F. A. (2021) Description of three new species of biting midge of the genus Atrichopogon Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Brazilian Amazon. Zootaxa, 4952 (2), 275 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4952.2.4","Liu, Y. - Q., Yu, Y. - X. & Chen, H. - Y. (2021 a) A collection directory and one new species of the genus Atrichopogon (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Jiangxi province, China. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 32, 461 - 463 + 474. [in Chinese, English summary]"]}

Genus MEUNIEROHELEA Szadziewski anglesensis Peñalver, Arillo Aranda, Szadziewski and Stilwell, 2021: 2. Australia (Victoria). Eocene. fundalai Szadziewski, Sontag and Bojarski, 2020: 286. Dominican Republic. Miocene., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Penalver, E., Arillo Aranda, A., Szadziewski, R. & Stilwell, J. D. (2021) Biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the middle Eocene Anglesea amber (Australia) originated in a subpolar greenhouse earth. Historical Biology, 34 (3), 425 - 435. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2021.1924700","Szadziewski, R., Sontag, E. & Bojarski, B. (2020) First record of the relict Australian genus Meunierohelea Miocene Dominican Amber (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Annales Zoologici, 70 (2), 285 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 00034541 ANZ 2020.70.2.008"]}

parvus Yu and Wang, 2021: 262. China (Hainan)., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Yu, Y. - X. & Wang, C. - C. (2021) Description of two new species of the genus Forcipomyia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides & Equipment, 27, 261 - 262. [in Chinese, English summary]"]}

Genus DOWNESHELEA Wirth and Grogan alia Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 12. Costa Rica. avizi Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 15. Brazil (Pará). bahiana Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 17. Brazil (Bahia). bifida Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 21. Colombia. capra Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 23. Costa Rica. curta Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 41. Costa Rica. divergentis Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 46. Brazil (Amazonas). gladius Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 51. Costa Rica. jurgeni Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 55. Costa Rica. kuna Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 59. Colombia. magna Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 61. Costa Rica. pulla Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 67. Belize. quechua Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 70. Bolivia. rodriguezi Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 71. Bolivia. spatha Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 75. Costa Rica. tripunctata Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 80. Costa Rica. venus Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 81. Brazil (Amazonas). wirthiana Santarém, Borkent and Felippe-Bauer, 2020: 84. Bolivia., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Santarem, M. C. A., Borkent, A. & Felippe-Bauer, M. L. (2020) Taxonomic revision of Neotropical Downeshelea Wirth and Grogan predaceous midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Insects, 11 (9), 1 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / insects 11010009"]}

Genus MONOHELEA Kieffer morinjiensis Kanasugi, 2019: 75. Japan. ozeana Kanasugi, 2019: 78. Japan. mediterranea Szadziewski, Dominiak and Withers, 2020: 118. Algeria., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Kanasugi, T. (2019) Discovery of predaceous midge of the genus Monohelea Kieffer, 1917 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Japan, with descriptions two new species. Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 25 (1), 75 - 79.","Szadziewski, R., Dominiak, P. & Withers, P. (2020) Two new species of biting midges from France and Algeria (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Annales Zoologici, 70 (1), 113 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 00034541 ANZ 2020.70.1.006"]}

carbonelli Spinelli, in Spinelli et al. 2021: 402. Uruguay., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 58, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Spinelli, G. R., Ronderos, M. M. & Diaz, F. (2021) Two new species and new records of Neotropical Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa, 4915 (3), 401 - 410. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4915.3.8"]}

riouxi Callot and Kremer, 1961a: 679. France., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 58, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Callot, J. & Kremer, M. (1961 a) Culicoides riouxi et Culicoides pseudoheliophilus, especes nouvelles du groupe des Culicoides a ailes sans taches (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 36, 677 - 688. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 1961364677"]}

nexuosa Pielowska-Ceranowska, in Pielowska-Ceranowska et al. 2021: 3. Lebanon. Lower Cretaceous., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Pielowska-Ceranowska, A., Azar, D. & Szwedo, J. (2021) New fossil biting midge from the Lower Cretaceous amber of Lebanon (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Cretaceous Research, 129, 105004, 1 - 9. [2022] https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2021.105004"]}

grumula Yu and Wang, 2021: 261. China (Hainan)., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Yu, Y. - X. & Wang, C. - C. (2021) Description of two new species of the genus Forcipomyia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides & Equipment, 27, 261 - 262. [in Chinese, English summary]"]}

Genus BURMAHELEA Szadziewski and Sontag Burmahelea Szadziewski and Sontag, in Szadziewski et al.2019b: 659. Type species: Burmahelea neli Szadziewski and Sontag, by original designation. neli Szadziewski and Sontag, in Szadziewski et al. 2019b: 659. Myanmar. Lower Cretaceous., Published as part of Borkent, Art, Dominiak, Patrycja & Díaz, Florentina, 2022, An Update and Errata for the Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 53-64 in Zootaxa 5120 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6388819, {"references":["Szadziewski, R., Sontag, E., Krzeminski, W. & Szwedo, J. (2019 b) Two new genera of insectivorous biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Palaeoentomology, 002 (6), 657 - 664. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / palaeoentomology. 2.6.17"]}

storai Borkent, 1997b: 14. New name for canariensis Storå. canariensis Storå, 1936: 36 (as variety of flavoscutellata Zetterstedt, preoccupied by Dasyhelea canariensis (Santos Abreu, 1918)). Canary Islands (Spain)., Published as part of Borkent, Art & Dominiak, Patrycja, 2020, Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 1-377 in Zootaxa 4787 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4787.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4280910, {"references":["Borkent, A. (1997 b) The Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) described by Santos Abreu from the Canary Islands. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 44, 3 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 4800440102","Stora, R. (1936) Fam. Ceratopogonidae. In R. Frey (ed.). Die Dipterenfauna der Kanarischen Inseln und ihre Probleme: 31 - 38, pl. 6. Societas Scientiarum Fennica, Commentationes Biologicae 6 (1), 1 - 237.","Santos Abreu, E. (1918) Ensayo de una Monografia de los Tendipedidos de las Islas Canarias. Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona 14 (2), 159 - 326, 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8537"]}

sternalis Remm, 1980: 110 . Tajikistan., Published as part of Borkent, Art & Dominiak, Patrycja, 2020, Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 1-377 in Zootaxa 4787 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4787.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4280910, {"references":["Remm, H. (1980) New species of the family Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) from the Middle Asia [in Russian, English summary]. Tartu Riikliku Ulikooli Toimetised 516, 85 - 128."]}

Monohelea mediterranea sp. nov. (Figs 4���6) Diagnosis. The species is distinct in having second radial cell without dark spot, dark spot below first radial cell rectangular and uniformly dark, without pale spot or spots, legs with brown and pale rings and stripes, gonocoxite in male genitalia without ventral tubercle and apex of paramere T-shaped. Female unknown. Description. Male. Body yellowish brown (Fig. 4c). Eyes bare, broadly separated by vertex and frons (Fig. 4a). Flagellum with well developed plume (Fig. 4a), length 0.80���0.83 mm, AR 0.93���0.95. Palpus 5-segment- ed (Fig. 4b); third palpal segment with small sensory pit, length 48���53 ��m, PR 2.11���2.30. Thorax brownish with indistinct ornamentation in slide mounted specimen, paratergite narrow, scutellum yellowish with 4 marginal bristles. Wing length 1.22���1.30 mm, CR 0.70���0.71. Both first radial cells well developed, macrotrichia restricted to few at wing tip. Wing pattern as in Fig. 5; second radial cell without dark spot; dark spot below first radial cell rectangular, uniformly dark, without pale spot or spots. Fore and hind legs somewhat thickened, mid legs slender. Legs brownish, femora without spines; coxae brown; trochanter of fore leg yellow, of mid and hind legs brown; femur of hind leg yellowish with distinctly brown proximal portion, narrow brown ring at middle and ventral subapical dark spot; fore and mid femora with similar colour patterns, however paler and indistinct; hind tibia with distinct brown ring at mid length and apex, fore and mid tibiae paler, with less developed brownish patterns as in hind tibia; tarsomere 1 of fore leg straight, with 1 subapical and 1 apical spine; tarsomere 1 of mid leg straight, with 2 subbasal and 2 apical spines; tarsomere 1 of hind leg strongly bent at base, with one row of palisade setae and strong subbasal spine; tibial spur of hind leg short, tibial comb composed of 9 spines; tarsomeres 4 cylindrical; claws small, equal; TR(1) 1.85���1.92, TR(2) 2.00���2.17, TR(3) 1.67���1.71. Genitalia brown (Fig. 4d). Gonocoxite stout, mesal margin without lobe or tubercle (Fig. 6a). Gonostylus with slightly curved, pointed dark tip. Aedeagus with sclerotized basal loop, a pair of pointed, oblique lateral sclerites (Fig. 6b). Parameres separated, with winglike basal apodeme and T-shaped apex (Fig. 6c). Female. Unknown. Material examined. Holotype male, North Algeria, Sahara, 30 km north of Biskra, 27 April 1981, collected by entomological net, R. Szadziewski; paratype male, France, Pyrenees-Orientales, RNN foret de la Massane, Malaise trap, 15.07.2009, P. Withers. The holotype and paratype are deposited in the Collection of Extant Invertebrates the Museum of Amber Inclusions, University of Gdańsk. Etymology. The specific name refers to the Mediterranean region where the species was collected. Discussion. The new species is very similar to Monohelea andersoni Wirth & Grogan, 1981 from North America (Wirth and Grogan 1981). The latter species however, is smaller (wing length 0.9 mm), has darker legs, the aedeagus is longer and apices of parameres abruptly expanded in a cap-like lobe bent ventrally. The aedeagus and parameres of M. mediterranea sp. nov. are also somewhat similar to those of M. pallida Clastrier & Del��colle, 1990 from tropical Africa (Clastrier and Del��colle 1990). However, the latter species has pale legs and second radial cell with dark spot. Monohelea is a worldwide distributed genus, which includes 88 recent species (Borkent 2016). Three species are currently known from western Palaearctic. In addition to the new species described above they are M. estonica Remm, 1965 (North and Central Europe) and M. hissarica Remm, 1980 (Tajikstan in Central Asia, only female). The latter two species have dark spot in the second radial cell which in M. mediterranea sp. nov. is totally pale (Fig. 5). The European Monohelea estonica Remm reported from Russia, Estonia, Poland, Czechia, N. France (Dominiak and Michalczuk 2009) differs also in having gonocoxites with a tubercle on mesal margin and simple pointed apices of parameres (Remm 1965, Del��colle and Rieb 1995)., Published as part of Szadziewski, Ryszard, Dominiak, Patrycja & Withers, Phil, 2020, Two New Species Of Biting Midges From France And Algeria (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 113-120 in Annales Zoologici 70 (1) on pages 118-119, DOI: 10.3161/00034541ANZ2020.70.1.006, http://zenodo.org/record/3776615, {"references":["Wirth, W. W. and W. L. Grogan. 1981. Natural history of Plummers Island, Maryland XXV. Biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). 3. The species of the tribe Stilobezziini. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington, 5: 1 - 102.","Clastrier, J. and J. - C. Delecolle. 1990. Description d'un nouveau genre et de nouvelles especes africaines des genres Allohelea Kieffer, Monohelea Kieffer, Downeshelea Wirth & Grogan, Boreohelea nov. gen. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (N. S.), 26: 129 - 157.","Borkent, A. 2016. World species of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. uiuc. edu / research / FLYTREE / CeratopogonidaeCatalog. pdf.","Remm, H. 1965. New species of biting midges (Diptera, Heleidae) from the European part of the USSR. Entomologitscheskoe Obozrenie, 44: 182 - 188.","Remm, H. 1980. New species of the family Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) from the Middle Asia [in Russian]. Tartu Riikliku Ulikooli Toimetised, 516: 85 - 128.","Dominiak, P. and W. Michalczuk. 2009. Dwa nowe dla fauny Polski gatunki kuczmanow (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Dipteron, Bulletin of the Dipterological Section of the Polish Entomological Society, 25: 8 - 13.","Delecolle, J. - C. and J. - P. Rieb. 1995. Redescription de Monohelea estonica Remm, 1965, de M. macfiei Wirth, 1953, et de M. floridensis Wirth & Williams, 1964. Description d'une forme et d'une espece nouvelle affines (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie (N. S.), 12: 17 - 45."]}

Forcipomyia (F.) pyrenaica sp. nov. (Figs 1–3) Diagnosis. The new species can be easily distinguished by having very low tarsal ratio of hind leg TR(3) 0.45, palpomere 3 enlarged on proximal 1 / 3, parameres separated, stout on proximal 2 / 3 and filamentous on distal 1 / 3, aedeagus with triangular median projection and distinct lateral shoulders. Female unknown. Description. Male. Body dark brown with pale parts of legs and abdomen (Fig. 2a). Head dark brown. Eyes bare, touching at distance of 6 ommatidia. Frons with distinct tubercle bearing stout, black spine-like seta (with a barb) in submedian position (Fig. 1c). Flagellum with 13 flagellomeres (Fig. 1a), length 1.10 mm, AR 1.11, distal flagellomeres 10–13 elongated, plume on flagellomeres 2–10 well developed, flagellomere 10 about 2.45 times longer than flagellomere 11. Palpus 5-segmented (Fig. 1b); palpomere 3 with distinct sensory pit on enlarged basal 1 / 3, length 0.14 mm, PR 4.0; palpomere 4 about 1.4 times longer than palpomere 5. Thorax including scutellum dark brown (Fig. 2a). Wing with two darker patches at anterior margin, on first radial cells and on radial fork (Fig. 2b); length 1.55 mm, CR 0.45; first radial cell slit-like, second one small; wing membrane with scale-like slender macrotrichia. Legs pale brownish, femur of hind leg brown (Fig. 2a), tarsomeres 4 distinctly longer than tarsomere 5, claws long, empodium well developed, TR (1) 0.63, TR(2) 0.36, TR(3) 0.45. Abdomen dark brown with pale caudal margins of tergites (Fig. 2a). Genitalia dark brown with pale gonostyli (Fig. 3a). Caudal margin of sternite 9 slightly convex with broad and shallow median incision. Gonocoxite without modified setae, gonostylus almost straight. Aedeagus shield-shaped, well sclerotized with well developed long triangular median projection and distinct lateral shoulders (Fig. 3b). Parameres separat- ed, stout, rod-like on proximal 2 / 3 and narrow, filamentous on distal 1 / 3 (Fig. 3c). Female unknown. Material examined. Forcipomyia (F.) pyrenaica sp. nov., holotype male, France, Pyrenees-Orientales, RNN foret de la Massane, Malaise trap, about 600 m a.s.l., 9.09.2008, P. Withers. The holotype is deposited in the Museum of Amber Inclusions, University of Gdańsk, in the Collection of Extant Invertebrates. Etymology. The specific name refers to the Pyrenees mountains (Latin Pyrenaei) where the species was collected. Discussion. The new species is a typical member of the subgenus Forcipomyia s. str. (Alwin and Szadziewski 2013). The subgenus including almost 350 extant species is distributed worldwide (Borkent 2016). The low hind tarsal ratio (less than 0.5) is known among a few species of Forcipomyia s. str. outside of Europe. European species of the subgenus have higher hind TR, usually about 0.8–1.2 (Goetghebuer 1934, Remm 1962, 1980, Szadziewski 1983, Navai and Szadziewski 2016). In the holotype the tubercle of the frons in sub- median position has stout black spine-like seta with a distinct barb (Fig. 1c). In all, known for us, adults of biting midges this tubercle is devoid of setae and we treat this character as a developmental aberration. Similar setae (forked, with serrations, barbs or spurs) are known in immature stages (larvae and pupae) of Forcipomyia (Lewańczyk et al. 2009).

Source at http://www.entomologi.no/journals/nje/nje.htm. A new species Brachypogon (Isohelea) surma sp. n., with unique, leaf-like parameres, is described from Finnish Lapland based on males. Illustrations and COI sequences of this species are also provided. Females and males of Brachypogon (I.) singularis (Santos Abreu, 1918) from the Canary Islands are redescribed, a neotype is designated, and Ceratolophus rufigastris Santos Abreu, 1918 and Ceratolophus obscurus Santos Abreu, 1918 are proposed to be its new junior synonyms.

Genus Culicoides Latreille, 1809 Type species: Ceratopogon punctatus Meigen, 1804, Published as part of Szadziewski, Ryszard, Dominiak, Patrycja, Sontag, El��bieta, Krzemi��ski, Wies��aw, Wang, Bo & Szwedo, Jacek, 2019, Haematophagous biting midges of the extant genus Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) evolved during the mid-Cretaceous, pp. 535-548 in Zootaxa 4688 (4) on page 536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4688.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3517710, {"references":["Latreille, P. A. (1809) Genera crustaceorum et insectorum secundum ordinem naturalem in familias disposita, iconibus exem- plisque plurimis explicata. Vol. 4. Apud Amand Koenig, Paris and Strasbourg, 399 pp."]}

Culicoides ellenbergeri Szadziewski & Dominiak, sp. nov. Figs 5 A���C urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C343228E-064A-4344-A63B-C748F54A468D Diagnosis. This new species is distinguished from other Cretaceous Culicoides by the following combination of female characters: antennal flagellum with flagellomeres 2���8 spherical, much shorter than the more elongate 9���13, only flagellomere 1 with 7 sensilla coeloconica; distal portion of wing membrane with macrotrichia; palpal segment 3 greatly swollen without sensory pit, with several distinct capitate sensilla; proboscis short. Male unknown. Description. Female (Fig. 5A). Poorly preserved, distorted, abdomen missing. Eyes bare, separation not visible. Antennal flagellum (Fig. 5C) length 0.32 mm; flagellomere 1 with 7 sensilla coeloconica, flagellomeres 2���13 without sensilla coeloconica, but with distinct sensilla basiconica; flagellomeres 2���8 more or less spherical, much shorter than the more elongate 9���13; antennal ratio 1.13. Palpus (Fig. 5B) 5-segmented; palpal segment 3 greatly swollen without sensory pit, with several distinct capitate sensilla on ventral surface. Wing (Fig. 5A) length 0.61 mm; costal ratio 0.69; distal portion of wing with macrotrichia in cells r 3, m 1 and m 2; basal radial and cubital cells without macrotrichia. Scutellum with about 8 long marginal setae. Tarsomere 1 of hind leg slender; TR (1) 2.1, TR (2) 2.0, TR (3) 1.8. Male. Unknown. Material examined. Holotype female, MAI 5666. Burmese amber, Hukawng Valley, Myanmar; purchased by Sieghard Ellenberger from Kassel, Germany. Deposited in Museum of Amber Inclusions, University of Gdańsk. Etymology. This new species is dedicated to Sieghard Ellenberger of Kassel, Germany, a generous collector who purchased this biting midge and donated it to the Museum of Amber Inclusions, University of Gdańsk., Published as part of Szadziewski, Ryszard, Dominiak, Patrycja, Sontag, El��bieta, Krzemi��ski, Wies��aw, Wang, Bo & Szwedo, Jacek, 2019, Haematophagous biting midges of the extant genus Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) evolved during the mid-Cretaceous, pp. 535-548 in Zootaxa 4688 (4) on pages 540-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4688.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3517710

Culicoides burmiticus Szadziewski & Dominiak, sp. nov. Figs 4 A���B urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8F5AD5B1-78A5-491A-8036-FD4EC46EAD2A Diagnosis. This new species is distinguished from other Cretaceous Culicoides by the following female characters: antennal flagellum with cylindrical flagellomeres, flagellomeres 2���8 much shorter than elongate 9���13, only flagellomere 1 with single sensillum coeloconicum; wing membrane except basal radial cell with macrotrichia; palpal segment 3 stout with distinct, deep sensory pit; proboscis moderately short. Male unkown. Description. Female (Fig. 4A). Very well preserved, all structures present and well visible. Head-body length 1.03 mm. Eyes narrowly separated. Antennal flagellum (Fig. 4B) length 0.54 mm; flagellomere 1 with single sensillum coeloconicum, flagellomeres 2���13 cylindrical without sensilla coecolonica; antennal ratio 1.44. Palpus (Fig. 4B) 5-segmented; segment 3 stout 0.045 mm long, with deep sensory pit. Wing (Fig. 4A) length measured from basal arculus 0.70 mm; costal ratio 0.69; wing membrane except basal radial cell with macrotrichia. Legs slender, hind femur most massive; hind tibial comb with 3 spines; tarsomeres 4 cylindrical; tarsal ratios similar on all legs, TR (1) 2.2, TR (2) 2.5, TR (3) 2.3; claws small, equal-size. Male. Unknown. Material examined. Holotype female, BUB 1745, Burmese amber, Hukawng Valley, Myanmar. Syninclusions. Collembola 2, Acari 1, Empididae 1 female, Ceratopogonidae: Leptoconops 3 females. Deposited in Museum of Natural History, PAS Krak��w. Etymology. This new species name refers to Burma (Myanmar), the country of origin of the amber in Southeast Asia., Published as part of Szadziewski, Ryszard, Dominiak, Patrycja, Sontag, El��bieta, Krzemi��ski, Wies��aw, Wang, Bo & Szwedo, Jacek, 2019, Haematophagous biting midges of the extant genus Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) evolved during the mid-Cretaceous, pp. 535-548 in Zootaxa 4688 (4) on pages 539-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4688.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3517710

Lectotypes are designated for the predaceous midges, Ceratopogon circumdatus Stæger, 1839, and Ceratopogon binotatus Stæger, 1839 housed in the Copenhagen Zoological Museum, Denmark, and both species are redescribed and photographed. Ceratopogon circumdatus is removed from synonymy with Bezzia solstitialis (Winnertz, 1852) and recognized as a new synonym of Bezzia annulipes (Meigen, 1830). Ceratopogon binotatus Stæger, 1839, is removed from synonymy with Palpomyia lineata (Meigen, 1804) and recognized as the distinct species, Palpomyia binotata (Stæger, 1839), This paper is dedicated to the late BOGUSŁAW SOSZYŃSKI

Culicoides griseidorsum Kieffer, 1918 (Figures 1���3) Culicoides griseidorsum Kieffer, 1918: 46 (female); Szadziewski 1984: 166 (female neotype, syn.: = saevanicus sensu Kremer et al. 1973 nec Dzhafarov, 1960; Algeria, Poland, Israel, Great Britain); Heredia et al. 2011: 178 (female, Spain); Talavera et al. 2011: 222 (male, female, Spain, short description); Ayll��n et al. 2014: 1 (Germany, collected on cattle and sheep); Bobeva et al. 2014: 4507 (Bulgaria); Sarva��ov�� et al. 2014: 547 (female, male, Slovakia). Diagnosis. In both sexes wing with distinct pale spots, apex of second radial cell pale (Figs. 1 a���b, 2 a���b), sensory pit of the third palpal segment shallow, usually with irregular borders, and terminal flagellomere lacking sensilla coeloconica ringed with microtrichia. Female with sensilla coeloconica present on flagellomeres 1���12, two subequal, ovoid functional seminal capsules present. In male genitalia gonocoxite with slender and simple ventral apodeme, parameres bare, with distal portion slender, pointed and strongly bent, caudomedian excavation of sternite 9 with microtrichia. Description. Male (n= 8). Body brownish with yellowish scutellum and paler legs. Eyes bare. Flagellum length 0.840���0.870 mm; antennal ratio (AR) 0.65���0.68. Flagellomeres 2���10 fused, Sensilla coeloconica ringed with microtrichia distributed as follows: 1 (2), 2 (0���1), 3���7 (0), 8 (0���1), 9���10 (0), 11 (1���2), 12 (4���5), 13 (0). Distal flagellomeres 11���13 bearing sensilla basiconica distributed as follows: 11 (4), 12 (4), 13 (8). Blunt tipped sensilla trichodea absent. Flagellomeres 1���10 with long plume setae; first flagellomere with two rings of plume setae; flagellomeres 11 and 12 each with 6 sensilla chaetica; terminal flagellomere with single apical sensillum chaeticum. Palpus 5 -segmented. Third palpal segment slender with shallow, indistinct sensory pit (Fig. 3 a); length 0.060���0.065 mm. Wing length 1.25���1.44 mm, costal ratio (CR) 0.53���0.55, membrane including basal radial cell with some macrotrichia, apex of second radial cell pale; distal half of wing with 4 pale spots in transverse row behind second radial cell, and 3 pale spots along wing apex (Figs. 1 a���b). Tibial comb with 4 spines. Tarsal ratio of hind leg TR (III) 1.61���1.85. Claws with forked apex. Male genitalia as in Figs. 3 b���e. Sternite 9 with broad and shallow caudomedian excavation, membrane covered with small spicules (microtrichia). Tergite 9 with long triangular apicolateral processes. Gonocoxite without modifications, ventral apodeme triangular, with pointed apex. Gonostylus almost straight, simple, with enlarged basal half. Aedeagus Y-shaped, basal arch high, caudomedian portion subcylindrical, with blunt apex. Parameres separate, bare, tapering to pointed apex, distal portion strongly bent (Figs. 3 c���e). Female (n= 12). Similar to male with usual sexual differences. Flagellum 0.580���0.705 mm long, AR 1.11���1.18, sensilla coeloconica ringed with microtrichia (16���17) usually present on flagellomeres 1���12, their distribution as follows: 1 (4), 2���11 (0���1), 12 (2���3), 13 (0); sometimes absent on left or right one or two flagellomeres. Terminal flagellomere 13 always without sensilla coeloconica ringed with microtrichia. Distal flagellomeres 9���11 with 4 sensilla basiconica, flagellomeres 12���13 with 6. Proximal flagellomeres 1���8 with 3���4 long to moderately short sharp tipped sensilla trichoidea (trichodea). Blunt tipped sensilla trichoidea absent. Sensory pit on third palpal segment broad and shallow, proximal margin strongly sclerotized and irregular, distal margin usually not developed. Eyes bare, narrowly separated. Scutellum pale. Wing dark with large pale spots (Fig. 2 a���b). Apex of second radial cell pale. Membrane including basal radial cell covered with macrotrichia. Wing length 1.25���1.43 mm, CR 0.56���0.60. Two subequal subspherical seminal capsules present, both without neck (Fig. 3 f); bigger seminal capsule 1.15 times longer (0.0475 mm) than the smaller one (0.0413 mm). One specimen examined with three well-developed seminal capsules (Fig. 3 g). Material examined. Algeria: Aokas near B��jaia, 6 May 1981, neotype female Culicoides griseidorsum Kieffer, 1918, leg. R. Szadziewski. Poland: Ustrzyki G��rne, Bieszczady Mts, 23���30 July 1980, sweeping, 1 female, leg. R. Szadziewski. Ukraine: Kharkiv region, Bliznyuki, 48 o 42 ��� 4.2 ���N, 36 o 36 ��� 19 ���E, light trap, 21 / 22 May 2013, 8 males, 7 females; same data, 3 / 4 July 2013, 3 females, leg. S. Filatov. Distribution. Algeria, Tunisia, Israel, Spain, Italy, France, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, England, Slovakia, Poland. Recorded for the first time from Ukraine. Systematics. For a long time C. griseidorsum has been known from female specimens only. Talavera et al. (2011) and Sarva��ov�� et al. (2011) were the first authors to identify and briefly diagnose males from Spain and Slovakia respectively. The present paper provides a detailed description of both sexes and illustrates the male for the first time. Culicoides griseidorsum is remarkably similar to some other species of the Pictipennis group, as has been already noticed by various authors (Szadziewski 1984, Talavera et al. 2011, Bobeva et al. 2014). Perhaps the most well recognized confusion over its taxonomic status relates to erroneous synonymization of the species with C. saevanicus Dzhafarov, 1960 and it is attributable to insufficient descriptions of both species. While in the older literature C. griseidorsum from Western Mediterranean is reported as C. saevanicus (Kremer et al. 1973, Mellor et al. 1983, 1984) and subsequently the latter name was sometimes treated as a junior synonym of C. griseidorsum (Braverman et al. 1996, Borkent & Wirth, 1997, Talavera et al., 2011), these two species are not conspecific, as has been convincingly shown by Szadziewski (1984) and Glukhova (1989, 2005). Glukhova in her monograph on the Soviet Union Culicoides published in 1989 designated the lectotype male and paralectotype female for C. saevanicus Dzhafarov. According to the redescription, wing pattern is almost the same as in C. griseidorsum, however all flagellomeres bearing sensilla coeloconica, spermathecae are equal and distal portion of parameres in male genitalia are stout, almost straight and blunt, caudomedian excavation of sternite 9 is bare, without microtrichia. Moreover, ventral apodeme of gonocoxite is totally reduced. Using a key to males by Glukhova (2005) (p. 17) males of C. griseidorsum fall to the couplet 86 (85) together with C. subgrisescens. The latter species differs in having much stouter parameres, distal half of second radial cell pale, and terminal flagellomere with sensilla coeloconica ringed with microtrichia. Similarly, using the key for females of Oecacta with spotted wings (Glukhova 2005) (p. 13) females of C. griseidorsum fall to the couplet 10 (15) together with C. pictipennis, C. ustinovi, C. subgrisescens and C. saevanicus. Females of these four species differ in having sensilla coeloconica on all 1���13 flagellomeres and sensory pit with distinct and regular margin, while C. griseidorsum has no sensilla coeloconica on terminal flagellomere 13 and shallow sensory pit with irregular border. Terminal flagellomere 13 without, and flagellomeres 1���12 with sensilla coeloconica are present in females of C. zhogolevi Remm, 1968. However the latter species has wing with much smaller pale spots, second radial cell completely dark and palpus with distinct sensory pit. Moreover, the caudomedian excavation of male sternite 9 is bare in C. zhogolevi. Remarks. It is worth mentioning that among the specimens examined, a female with three functional seminal capsules was found. It is quite a common situation that in some Culicoides species characterized by having one rudimentary and two functional seminal capsules, the rudimentary one has actually become normally developed. In Poland, for example, this is most often observed in females of C. pallidicornis Kieffer (present observation). The presence of three well-developed functional spermathecae is confusing and may lead to incorrect identification and the subgeneric placement of the specimens. That is why such atypical specimens from Romania were included in the subgenus Trithecoides Wirth & Hubert (C. humeralis Okada, 1941 in Damian Georgescu 2000, p. 48), or even new subgenera were proposed for Chinese Culicoides, viz. Sinocoides Chu, 1983 (type species C. hamiensis Chu et al. 1982) or Jilinocoides Chu, 1983 (type species C. dunhuaensis Chu, 1983) (Chu 1983)., Published as part of Szadziewski, Ryszard, Filatov, Serhii & Dominiak, Patrycja, 2016, A redescription of Culicoides griseidorsum Kieffer, 1918, with comments on subgeneric position of some European taxa (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 413-422 in Zootaxa 4107 (3) on pages 414-417, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4107.3.9, http://zenodo.org/record/261757, {"references":["Kieffer, J. J. (1918) Chironomides d'Afrique et d' Asie conserves au Musee National Hongrois de Budapest. Annales Historico- Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 16, 31 - 139.","Szadziewski, R. (1984) Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) from Algeria. VI. Culicoides Latr. Polish Journal of Entomology, 54, 163 - 182.","Kremer, M., Callot, J. & Hommel, M. (1973) Cles de especes de Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) du groupe odibilis sensu lato. Polish Journal of Entomology, 43, 61 - 90.","Dzhafarov, S. (1960) Fauna of bloodsucking Heleidae (Diptera) of bottomland forest in the Kura Plain, in Azerbaidjan. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 39, 1180 - 1185.","Heredia, M. G. G. De & Lafuente, A. G. (2011) El genero Culicoides en el Pais Vasco: guia practica para su identificacion y control. Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 247 pp.","Talavera, S., Munoz-Munoz, F. & Pages, N. (2011) New insights on diversity, morphology and distribution of Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Northeast Spain. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (N. S.), 47 (1 - 2), 214 - 231. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2011.10697714","Ayllon, T., Nijhof, A. M., Weiher, W., Bauer, B., Allene, X. & Clausen, P. - H. (2014) Feeding behaviour of Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) on cattle and sheep in northeast Germany. Parasites & Vectors, 7, 34. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1186 / 1756 - 3305 - 7 - 34","Bobeva, A., Ilieva, M., Dimitrov, D. & Zehtindjiev, P. (2014) Degree of associations among vectors of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and host bird species with respect to haemosporidian parasites in NE Bulgaria. Parasitology Research, 113, 4505 - 4511. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00436 - 014 - 4140 - 1","Sarvasova, A., Kocisova, A., Halan, M., Delecolle, J. - C. & Mathieu, B. (2014) Morphological and molecular analysis of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Slovakia with five new records. Zootaxa, 3872, 541 - 560. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3872.5.6","Mellor, P. S., Boorman, J., Wilkinson, P. & Martinez-Gomez, F. (1983) Potential vectors of bluetongue and African horse sickness viruses in Spain. Veterinary Record, 112, 229 - 230.","Mellor, P. S., Jennings, M. & Boorman, J. (1984) Culicoides from Greece in relation to the spread of bluetongue virus. Revue d'Elevage et de Medecine Veterinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 37, 286 - 289.","Borkent, A. & Wirth, W. W. (1997) World species of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Bulletin of American Museum of Natural History, 233, 1 - 257.","Glukhova, V. M. (1989) Blood-sucking midges of the genera Culicoides and Forcipomyia (Ceratopogonidae). Fauna of the USSR 139, Vol. 3 (5 a), Nauka, Leningrad, 408 pp. [in Russian]","Glukhova, V. M. (2005) Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) of Russia and adjacent lands. International Journal of Dipterological Research, 16, 1 - 75.","Damian Georgescu, A. (2000) Familia Ceratopogonidae, Genul Culicoides. Fauna Romaniei, Insecta vol. XI, Fasc 14, Diptera. Bukuresti: Editura Academiei Romane, 152 pp.","Chu, F. (1983) Two new subgenera and two new species of Culicoides from China (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Entomotaxonomia, 5, 25 - 32."]}

Subgenus Sensiculicoides Shevchenko, 1977 Sensiculicoides Shevchenko, 1977: 133, as subgenus, type species Ceratopogon pictipennis Staeger, 1839 (approved for printing on 19 May 1977). Diagnosis. Male gonocoxite: without or with ventral apodeme triangular, slender and simple (Figs. 3 a, 4 f), parameres usually bare. Apicolateral processes of tergite 9 usually long, slender and triangular. In female, sensilla coeloconica usually present on proximal and distal flagellomeres, rarely only on distal flagellomeres; two functional strongly sclerotized seminal capsules, rudimentary one sometimes normally developed. In both sexes, third palpal segment usually with distinct sensory pit. C. alazanicus Dzhafarov, 1961 C. atripennis Shevchenko, 1972 C. begueti Clastrier, 1957 C. caucoliberensis Callot, Kremer, Rioux & Descous, 1967 C. cataneii Clastrier, 1957 C. clastrieri Callot, Kremer & Deduit, 1962 C. comosioculatus Tokunaga, 1956 C. duddingstoni Kettle & Lawson, 1955 C. festivipennis Kieffer, 1914 C. gejgelensis Dzhafarov, 1964 C. griseidorsum Kieffer, 1918 C. haranti Rioux, Descous & Pech, 1959 C. heliophilus Edwards, 1921 C. heteroclitus Callot & Kremer, 1965 C. jumineri Callot & Kremer, 1969 C. jurensis Callot, Kremer & Deduit, 1962 C. kibunensis Tokunaga, 1937 C. kolymbiensis Boorman, 1988 C. kurensis Gutsevich, 1960 C. langeroni Kieffer, 1921 C. malevillei Kremer & Coluzzi, 1971 C. maritimus Kieffer, 1924 C. odiatus Austen, 1921 C. paradisionensis Boorman, 1988 C. pictipennis (Staeger, 1839) C. poperinghensis Goetghebuer, 1953 C. pseudoheliophilus Callot & Kremer, 1961 C. pseudopallidus Khalaf, 1961 C. shaklavensis Khalaf, 1957 C. simulator Edwards, 1939 C. stanicicus Shevchenko, 1972 C. stepicola Remm, 1968 C. triangulatus Shevchenko, 1970 C. ukrainensis Shevchenko, 1970 C. univittatus Vimmer, 1932 C. ustinovi Shevchenko, 1977 C. vidourlensis Callot, Kremer, Molet & Bach, 1968 C. zhogolevi Remm, 1968, Published as part of Szadziewski, Ryszard, Filatov, Serhii & Dominiak, Patrycja, 2016, A redescription of Culicoides griseidorsum Kieffer, 1918, with comments on subgeneric position of some European taxa (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 413-422 in Zootaxa 4107 (3) on pages 420-421, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4107.3.9, http://zenodo.org/record/261757, {"references":["Shevchenko, A. (1977) The bloodsucking midges. Fauna of Ukraine, Vol. 13, Naukova Dumka, Kyiv, 255 pp. [in Ukrainian]","Kieffer, J. J. (1918) Chironomides d'Afrique et d' Asie conserves au Musee National Hongrois de Budapest. Annales Historico- Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 16, 31 - 139.","Boorman, J. (1988) Taxonomic problems in Culicoides of southwest Asia, in particular of the Arabian peninsula. In: Service M. W. (Ed.), Biosystematics of haematophagous insects, The Systematics Association Special Vol. 37. Clarendon Press, pp. 271 - 282.","Kieffer, J. J. (1921) Sur quelques Dipteres piqueurs de la tribu des Ceratopogoninae. Archives de Institute Pasteur d'Afrique Nord, 1, 107 - 115."]}

Subgenus Oecacta Poey, 1853 Oecacta Poey, 1853; type species Culicoides furens (Poey, 1853). Diplosella Kieffer, 1921; type species Culicoides sergenti Kieffer, 1921; Szadziewski 1984: 172 (redescription of type species from Algeria, synonymy with Oecacta). Diagnosis. Male gonocoxite with foot-shaped ventral apodeme, parameres separate, with strongly bent apical part, often bearing spines or hairs, apicolateral processes of tergite 9 short to moderately long, pointed (Fig. 4 a���c). Females with two functional strongly sclerotized seminal capsules, wings with or without pattern, distribution of sensilla coeloconica variable, usually present on proximal and distal flagellomeres. Discussion. With respect to the term ���foot-shaped���, there are some discrepancies scattered around the literature that require clarification to avoid further confusion. For instance, the foot-shaped ventral roots are in fact absent in the male of C. minutissimus (Zetterstedt, 1855) (present examination), although this character was illustrated by Glukhova (1989, 2005). At the same time, C. pallidus Khalaf, 1957 (absent in Europe) does indeed possess this feature and should be ascribed to Oecacta s. s. This species was erroneously placed by the same author (loc. cit.) within the subgenus Wirthomyia. Another case, stated by Boorman (1974), is that the ventral apodemes of C. (Pontoculicoides) saevus Kieffer, 1922 bear the same ���foot-shaped��� structure. Actually, the ventral branch in C. saevus has no caudal prolongation, but is simply forked (Fig. 4 d). In C. tauricus Gutsevich, 1959, another species of the subgenus, this apodeme is simple (Fig. 4 e). C. albicans (Winnertz, 1852) C. azerbajdzhanicus Dzhafarov, 1962 C. brunnicans Edwards, 1939 C. clintoni Boorman, 1984 C. corsicus Kremer, Leberre & Beaucournu-Saguez, 1971 C. longipennis Khalaf, 1957 C. marcleti Callot, Kremer & Baset, 1968 C. sahariensis Kieffer, 1923 C. santonicus Callot, Kremer, Rault & Bach, 1966 C. semimaculatus Clastrier, 1958 C. sergenti Kieffer, 1921 C. truncorum Edwards, 1939 C. vexans (Staeger, 1839) C. yemenensis Boorman, 1989, Published as part of Szadziewski, Ryszard, Filatov, Serhii & Dominiak, Patrycja, 2016, A redescription of Culicoides griseidorsum Kieffer, 1918, with comments on subgeneric position of some European taxa (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 413-422 in Zootaxa 4107 (3) on pages 418-420, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4107.3.9, http://zenodo.org/record/261757, {"references":["Poey, F. (1853) Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba, acompanadas de sumarios latinos y extractos en frances. Vol. 1 (part 4), Havana, pp. 201 - 280.","Kieffer, J. J. (1921) Sur quelques Dipteres piqueurs de la tribu des Ceratopogoninae. Archives de Institute Pasteur d'Afrique Nord, 1, 107 - 115.","Szadziewski, R. (1984) Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) from Algeria. VI. Culicoides Latr. Polish Journal of Entomology, 54, 163 - 182.","Glukhova, V. M. (1989) Blood-sucking midges of the genera Culicoides and Forcipomyia (Ceratopogonidae). Fauna of the USSR 139, Vol. 3 (5 a), Nauka, Leningrad, 408 pp. [in Russian]","Glukhova, V. M. (2005) Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) of Russia and adjacent lands. International Journal of Dipterological Research, 16, 1 - 75.","Boorman, J. (1974) Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) from Cyprus. Cahier O. R. S. T. O. M., Serie Entomologie Medicale et Parasitologie, 12, 7 - 13.","Mellor, P. S., Jennings, M. & Boorman, J. (1984) Culicoides from Greece in relation to the spread of bluetongue virus. Revue d'Elevage et de Medecine Veterinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 37, 286 - 289."]}

Szadziewski, Ryszard, Filatov, Serhii, Dominiak, Patrycja (2016): A redescription of Culicoides griseidorsum Kieffer, 1918, with comments on subgeneric position of some European taxa (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4107 (3): 413-422, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4107.3.9

Serromyia diabolica sp. nov. (Figures 1���3) Type material. Holotype: adult male. LEBANON, Anti-Lebanon Mts., Maaraboun village near Baalbek (in the locality named Sheaibe), N 33 ˚ 55.494 ' E 36 ˚ 15.415 ', altitude 1755 m, stream and helocrene, 5.V. 2012, net, leg. P. Dominiak (UG). Paratypes: same data as holotype, 37 males, 5 females (BMNH, LU, UG). Diagnosis. Male of Serromyia diabolica can be easily distinguish from all other dark-legged species of this genus by the presence of scarce spines on fore and mid femora as well as by sharply pointed and subapically bent parameres. Female is characterized by generally darkly pigmented legs, unarmed fore and mid femora and tibiae, and by moderately long hind claw (HC/Ta 5 0.87���0.96). Description. Male (n= 10) Head. Dark brown. Eyes bare, separated (1.0��� 2.6 facets) or confluent. Antenna with flagellomeres 1 ���4, 1���5, 1��� 6 or 1���7 confluent, rarely all flagellomeres separated; total length of flagellum 1.05���1.25 mm, AR 1.07���1.24; 10 th flagellomere with few rows of setae, 1.0��� 1.3 times as long as 11 th and 3.0��� 3.8 as 9 th flagellomere (Fig. 1 a); plume well developed. Clypeus with 1���12 setae arranged into two groups in lateral position. Palpus composed of 5 segments, all of them dark brown with paler apex. Third palpal segment with numerous sensilla capitata located in the upper half; 83���95 ��m long, PR III 2.87���4.04. Thorax. Dark brown. Scutum pruinose; transverse suture short, inconspicuous. Scutellum with 5 or 6 large and few small marginal setae. Wing slightly infuscated, radial cells well marked; length 1.97���2.18 mm, CR 0.62���0.64; wing with sparse macrotrichia present only on subcosta and radial veins. Legs (Figs 2 a���c). Coxa and trochanter of all legs dark brown, lacking spines. Tarsomere 4 of fore and mid legs subcylindrical. Claws small, equal-sized with bifid apices. Fore leg (Fig. 2 a). Femur dark brown except proximal 1 / 3 somewhat paler; 1���4 spines present. Tibia dark brown, bearing 0���6 strong spine-like setae; strong apical spur present. Tarsomeres 1���3 paler in basal portion or uniformly light brown, tarsomeres 4���5 darker; basitarsus with 1��� 2 (arranged in horizontal or vertical line) stout basal spines and one stout spine in apical portion; tarsomeres 2���3 bearing one (rarely 2) spine in apical portion; tarsal ratio TR I 1.6���1.7. Mid leg (Fig. 2 b). Femur whole dark brown or paler in proximal 1 / 3; 1���5 spines present. Middle part of tibia usually slightly paler; 0���3 spine-like setae present. Tarsomeres 1���3 pale, only their distal margins darker, tarsomeres 4���5 darker; basitarsus armed with few spines; tarsomeres 1���3 bearing 2 spines in apical portion; tarsal ratio TR II 1.6���1.8. Hind leg (Fig. 2 c). Femur dark brown, 5.2���6.4 times longer than broad, with 3 or 4 rows of ventral spines mounted on tubercles and additional single spine in preapical position. Tibia dark brown; tibial comb with 8���12 large setae; broad brush-like apical spur present. Basitarsus one shade paler than femur and tibia, with one row of palisade setae distributed on its whole length and 1���2 (arranged in vertical line) stout basal spines and one or few stout spines in apical portion; tarsomeres 2���3 bearing 2 (rarely one) spines in apical portion; tarsomeres 2���5 light brown; tarsal ratio TR III 1.6��� 1.7. Abdomen. Dark brown. Genitalia (Fig. 1 b). Tergite 9 narrowing distally, bearing two setose apicolateral lobes. Posterior margin of sternite 9 straight to slightly convex. Gonostylus slender, nearly straight, tapering gradually to slightly pointed apex. Parameres separate, each with pointed apex, bent downward in subapical half; ventrodorsal axis expanded while lateral axis narrow, thus parameres visible as broad ribbon-like (Fig. 1 c) or as simple stick-like structures (Fig. 1 d). Aedeagus heavily sclerotized, basal arch broad and high, median projection elongate with two lateral prongs directed posterolaterally or nearly laterally (Fig. 1 b). Female. Head (Fig. 3 a). Dark brown. Eyes bare, confluent. Antennal flagellum dark brown in exception of paler proximal halves (extended from base to row of long setae) of all flagellomeres; total length of flagellum 0.88���0.95 mm, AR 1.06���1.20 (n= 4). Clypeus bearing 8���13 setae arranged into two groups in lateral position (n= 4). Third palpal segment 75���83 ��m long, PR III 2.88���3.45 (n= 4); sensilla capitata distributed as in male. Inner edge of mandibles with 10���12 teeth (8���10 coarse and 1���4 smaller). Thorax. Scutum and scutellum as in male, dark brown. Wing distinctly infuscated, 1.75���2.04 mm long, CR 0.67���0.72 (n= 5); sparse macrotrichia present only on subcosta, radial veins and sometimes (single) also at the very edge in apical portion of wing. Legs (Figs 2 d���f). Coxa and trochanter of all legs, tarsomere 4 of fore and mid legs as in male. Fore and mid legs with femora and tibiae lacking spines, and with small, equal-sized claws each bearing internal basal tooth. Fore leg (Fig. 2 d). Femur pale from base to nearly 1 / 3 or 1 / 2 of its length. Tibia dark brown; strong apical spur present. Tarsomeres 1���3 as in male, paler in proximal portion or uniformly light brown, tarsomeres 4���5 darker; basitarsus with 1���2 (arranged in horizontal line) stout basal spines and one stout spine in apical portion; tarsomeres 2���3 bearing 1���2 spines in apical portion, but much more slender than those present in male; tarsal ratio TR I 1.7���1.8 (n= 5). Mid leg (Fig. 2 e). Femur whole dark brown or paler in proximal 1 / 3 to 1 / 2; spines absent, few spine-like setae sometimes present in distal half. Coloration of tibia and tarsomeres as in male; basitarsus armed with few spines; tarsomeres 1���3 bearing 2 spines in apical portion; tarsal ratio TR II 1.8���1.9 (n= 5). Hind leg (Fig. 2 f). Femur whole dark brown or slightly paler at base, 4.8���5.4 times as long as its greatest width (n= 4), with 3���4 rows of ventral spines set on short tubercles. Tibia dark brown; tibial comb armed with 9���12 large setae (n= 5); broad brushlike apical spur present. Basitarsus one shade paler than femur and tibia, with one row of palisade setae distributed on its whole length, 1���2 (arranged in vertical line) stout basal spines and one or few stout spines in apical portion; tarsomeres 2���3 paler, bearing 2 (rarely one) spines in apical portion, but much more slender than those present in male; tarsal ratio TR III 2.1���2.2 (n= 5). Claw single, evenly curved, nearly as long as 5 th tarsomere, HC/Ta 5 0.87��� 0.96 (n= 4), with prominent tooth at base (Fig. 3 b). Abdomen. Dark brown. Genitalia (Fig. 3 c). Distal margin of sternite 8 bilobate. Sternite 9 strongly sclerotized, completely divided; medial edges of both halves truncated with anterior part extended medially. Sternite 10 bearing 4 strong seate. Two functional, nearly equal ovoid seminal capsules present, both with short neck and well visible surface pores (Figs 3 d,e); length 74���109 ��m (n= 3), breadth 42���61 ��m. Rudimentary seminal capsule elongate, 23��� 28 ��m long (n= 4). Discussion. Morphology. The newly described species was collected at the same locality where Ceratopogon azari Dominiak, Alwin & Gilka (Dominiak et al. 2014) was found, at a small stream and a nearby spring located at an altitude of 1755 m in the Anti-Lebanon Mountains. Serromyia diabolica is closely related to S. subinermis Kieffer. General habitus as well as the armature of male and female genitalia of these two Serromyia species seems to be identical. They differ only in the coloration of the legs in both sexes and in the number of spines on male fore and mid femora and tibiae. The newly described species has much more darker legs and male femora and tibiae armed with conspicuously less spines than S. subinermis. In the latter, more than 1 / 2 of fore and mid femora, along with middle part of fore and mid tibiae, are pale (Borkent & Bissett 1990: 167, FIGURE 4 D: in some male specimens fore tibia is dark) (Figs 4 a���f), and both pairs of legs in males are covered with numerous strong spines (8���16 and 12���21 on fore and mid femora respectively, 4���9 and 4���10 on fore and mid tibiae respectively; n= 7 males from the collection of the UG) (Figs 4 a���b). According to Borkent & Bissett (1990), females of S. subinermis may have femora and tibiae of fore and mid legs armed with few strong spines. Female hind claws in S. diabolica seem to be shorter than those in S. subinermis (Borkent & Bissett 1990: 164, TABLE 13: HC/Ta 5 0.88���1.39, n= 11) and more flattened in the basal portion (see Fig. 3 b and Fig. 4 g). Discussion of molecular results. Despite numerous attempts, none were successful in amplifying 709 bp COI fragment (Folmer et al. 1994) and 523 bp COI fragment (Dallas et al. 2003). DNA of the targeted specimens appeared to be degraded and only one 280 bp COI fragment of Serromyia diabolica and S. subinermis Kieffer each were amplified and sequenced (Genbank accession numbers KP 684929 and KP 684930). Genetic distances of the studied specimens and the two other sequences of Serromyia available in Genbank were computed in Table 1. Serromyia diabolica and S. subinermis have genetic differences with S. femorata (Meigen) of 18.5 % and 15.8 % respectively. Regarding the unknown species of Serromyia from Switzerland, S. diabolica and S. subinermis have genetic distances of 22.1 % and 15.8 % respectively. Serromyia diabolica has a genetic distance of 9.9 % with its morphologically close species S. subinermis. Such a distance and combination of the morphological characters, lead us to undoubtedly consider S. diabolica as a separate species. We decided to not present phylogenetic tree here because of the success to sequence only a short fragment of COI region and of the availability of COI sequences of only one identified species of the genus Serromyia (i.e. S. femorata). Further collection would be required to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships between S. diabolica and S. subinermis, and the extent to other species would allow to investigate relationships within the genus Serromyia., Published as part of Dominiak, Patrycja & Mathieu, Bruno, 2015, Serromyia diabolica, a new biting midge species from Lebanon (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 436-444 in Zootaxa 3946 (3) on pages 437-443, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/240872, {"references":["Dominiak, P., Alwin, A. & Gilka, W. (2014) New records of predaceous midges from the Middle East, with the description of two new species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa, 3753 (2), 133 - 145. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3753.2.3","Borkent, A. & Bissett, B. (1990) A revision of the Holarctic species of Serromyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Systematic Entomology, 15, 153 - 217. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1990. tb 00311. x","Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R. & Vrijenhoek, R. (1994) DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology, 3, 294 - 299.","Dallas, J. F., Cruickshank, R. H., Linton, Y. M., Nolan, D. V., Patakakis, M., Braverman, Y., Capela, R., Capela, M., Pena, I., Meiswinkel, R., Ortega, M. D., Baylis, M., Mellor, P. S. & Mordue Luntz, A. J. (2003) Phylogenetic status and matrilineal structure of the biting midge, Culicoides imicola, in Portugal, Rhodes and Israel. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 17, 379 - 387. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2915.2003.00454. x"]}

Afrostilobezzia clastrieri sp. nov. (Figs 1 ���3, 6) Diagnosis. Only female known. The species is characteristic in having four dark patches on the scutum, eyes narrowly separated; the proximal half of the 5 th tarsal segments bearing ventral patch of dense, short, hair-like setae. The female of A. ornatithorax (Clastrier, 1988) is smaller and differs in having only two dark patches on the scutum, unmodified 5 th tarsal segments, a mandible armed with 6 coarse teeth, and very narrowly separated eyes, almost touching above the antennae. Description. Female. Body yellowish brown, with 4 dark brown lateral patches on scutum (Fig. 3 a), darker postnotum and slightly darker dorsal surface of abdomen. Palpal segment 5 dark brown (Fig. 2 a). Flagellum 2.52 mm long, longer than wing measured from basal arculus. First flagellomere without sensilla coeloconica. Terminal flagellomere with 2 distinct apical sensilla basiconica. Antennal ratio AR 1.06. Proportions of flagellomeres 1���13 as follows (in mm): 0.247 ��� 0.164 ��� 0.153 ��� 0.156 ��� 0.157 ��� 0.156 ��� 0.166 ��� 0.174 ��� 0.242 ��� 0.246 ��� 0.242 ��� 0.253 ��� 0.305 (Figs 1 b, 2 b���c). Mandible armed with 7���8 coarse teeth decreasing in size apically (Figs 1 c, 2 e). Eyes narrowly separated, by 0.6 times the width of an ommatidial facet. Transverse interocular suture over vertical seta present (Fig. 2 a). Palpus 5 -segmented (Fig. 1 e). Third palpal segment slender, length 0.117 mm, with shallow sensory pit located on apical 1 / 3 (Figs 1 e, 2 d). Clypeus with 6 long setae distributed laterally in two rows. Cervical sclerite slender, S-shaped (Fig. 3 b). Wing length 2.39 mm, width 0.77 mm, CR 0.85. Both first radial cells present (Fig. 1 a). Second radial cell 3.1 times longer than first one. Some macrotrichia at wing apex present. Scutellum bearing 6 marginal setae. Coxae of all legs bearing strong setae (Fig. 3 a), 8 on fore, 10 on mid, and 5 on hind leg. Hind tibial comb with 8 spines (Fig. 3 e). Hind tibial spur short. Hind legs with tarsomeres 1���2 with three complete rows of palisade setae (Figs 3 c���d). First tarsomere of fore leg with 5���6 strong spines on proximal half. Tarsomeres 1���3 of mid leg armed with 2 distinct apical spines, in addition first tarsomere bearing 3 ventral spines. Fourth tarsomere cordiform. Fifth tarsomere armed with two almost equal claws. Proximal half of 5 th tarsomere bearing ventral patch of dense, short, hair like setae (Figs 1 d, 3 f). Claws strongly bent at the base, inner one with very small outer and inner barb at basal 1 / 3 (Figs 1 d, 3g ���h). Tarsal ratio of legs as follows: TR (I) 2.3, TR (II) 2.9, TR (III) 2.2. Two unequal, ovoid, short-necked, functional seminal capsules present (Fig. 1 f), both with surface pores; respective length/width proportions as follows: 0.097 / 0.054 mm and 0.084 / 0.048 mm. Rudimentary seminal capsule visible. Sternite 8 with v-shaped caudomedian excavation, caudal lobes distinct. Cerci very short. Male unknown. Type material. Holotype female, Nigeria, Obudu Cattle Ranch (Figs 6 b���c), 18 April 1984, leg. P. Sura. The holotype is deposited in the collection of the Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, University of Gdańsk. Etymology. The new species is named in honour of the late Dr. Jean Clastrier (1910���1997) in recognition of his superb, numerous, and important contributions to our knowledge of the biting midges of Africa., Published as part of Szadziewski, Ryszard & Dominiak, Patrycja, 2015, Afrostilobezzia, a new genus of predatory biting midges from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 445-450 in Zootaxa 3941 (3) on pages 446-448, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3941.3.11, http://zenodo.org/record/233802, {"references":["Clastrier, J. (1988) Description de cinq nouveaux Stilobezzia de la Republique de Guinee (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, New Series, 5, 121 - 132."]}

Afrostilobezzia ornatithorax (Clastrier, 1988), comb. nov. (Figs 4���6) Stilobezzia ornatithorax Clastrier, 1988: 128 (female, Guinea). Diagnosis. Body yellowish brown; scutum with two dark brown lateral patches; fifth palpal segment dark brown (Fig. 4 a). Proboscis long and slender. Mandible armed with 6 teeth (Fig. 4 a). Flagellum longer than wing, 1.61 mm, AR 0.99. Cervical sclerites not visible. Wing length 1.50 mm, CR 0.82. Some macrotrichia at wing apex present. Scutellum armed with 4 marginal setae. Basisternum relatively broad, arched, apices of lateral arms blunt (Fig. 4 b). Fore coxa with 2, mid coxa with 4 and hind coxa with 6 setae. First tarsomere of fore leg with 3���4 strong spines on proximal 1 / 3. Tarsomeres 1���3 of mid leg armed with 2 distinct apical spines, additionally first tarsomere of mid leg with 1 spine at 1 / 3. Hind tibial comb composed of 7 spines, tibial spur short. Tarsomeres 1���2 of hind leg with three complete rows of palisade setae. Fourth tarsomere cordiform. Fifth tarsomere unmodified, armed with two slightly unequal and simple claws (Figs 4 c���e). TR (III) 2.3. Sternite 8 with v-shaped caudomedian excavation, caudal lobes distinct (Fig. 5 a). Seminal capsules ovoid, with well visible surface pores, unequal, with very short neck (Fig. 5 b). Material examined. Holotype female of Stilobezzia ornatithorax Clastrier mounted on slide, labelled as follows: Rep. de Guin��e, Kindia, Pastoria (Figs 6 a,c), 15.VII. 1963, soir �� la lumi��re, 2799 -II. Deposited in the collection of the Museum national d���Histoire naturelle in Paris., Published as part of Szadziewski, Ryszard & Dominiak, Patrycja, 2015, Afrostilobezzia, a new genus of predatory biting midges from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 445-450 in Zootaxa 3941 (3) on pages 450-451, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3941.3.11, http://zenodo.org/record/233802, {"references":["Clastrier, J. (1988) Description de cinq nouveaux Stilobezzia de la Republique de Guinee (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, New Series, 5, 121 - 132."]}

Afrostilobezzia gen. nov. Type-species: Afrostilobezzia clastrieri sp. nov., by present designation. Diagnosis. Known from females only. Scutum with 2 or 4 dark patches. Flagellum greatly elongated, longer than wing, without sensilla coeloconica. Palpus 5 segmented, sensory pit shallow. Wing without colour pattern, with well developed two first radial cells, apical membrane bearing macrotrichia. Legs slender, femora and tibiae without strong spines, each armed with two almost equal claws, both strongly bent at the base. Tarsomeres 1���2 of hind leg with three rows of palisade setae. Two functional seminal capsules with surface pores. Description. Female. Yellowish brown medium sized species, with 2 or 4 dark patches on the scutum (Fig. 3 a). Wing length 1.5���2.4 mm. Flagellum greatly elongated (longer than wing length), all flagellomeres slender, without sensilla coeloconica. Distal five flagellomeres much longer than proximal ones, antennal ratio AR 1.0��� 1.1. Eyes bare, narrowly separate. Transverse interocular suture over vertical seta present (Fig. 2 a). Proboscis moderately long (Fig. 2 a). Mandible armed with 6���8 coarse teeth (Figs 1 c, 2 e, 4 a). Palpus 5 segmented, slender (Figs 1 e, 4 a), sensory pit rounded, shallow (Figs 1 e, 2 d, 4 a). Anterior lateral cervical sclerites slender, s-shaped (Fig. 3 b). Paratergite narrow, bare. Anterior anepisternum broad, D-shaped. Anepisternum and katepisternum without setae. Scutellum with 4 or 6 marginal setae. Wing without colour pattern, with well developed two first radial cells, apical membrane bearing macrotrichia (Fig. 1 a). Costal ratio CR 0.82���0.85. Legs slender, without stout spines on femora and tibiae, each armed with two slightly subequal claws strongly bent at the base (Figs 1 d, 3 f, 4 c���e). Inner claws with (Figs 3 g���h) or without very small outer and inner barb on basal 1 / 3. Fourth tarsomeres cordiform (Figs 4 c���e). Tarsomeres 1���2 of hind leg with three complete rows of palisade setae (Figs 3 c���d). Abdomen moderately stout. Sternite 8 heavily sclerotized with distinct caudal lobes (Fig. 5 a). Sternite 9 with single arms (Fig. 5 a). Two ovoid, unequal, functional seminal capsules and a rudimentary one present (Figs 1 f, 5 b). Male unknown. Etymology. The generic name is a combination of Africa and the genus Stilobezzia of the tribe Ceratopogonini. Distribution. West Africa (Fig. 6 a���c) Species included. Afrostilobezzia clastrieri sp. nov., Nigeria. Afrostilobezzia ornatithorax (Clastrier, 1988), Guinea., Published as part of Szadziewski, Ryszard & Dominiak, Patrycja, 2015, Afrostilobezzia, a new genus of predatory biting midges from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 445-450 in Zootaxa 3941 (3) on pages 445-446, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3941.3.11, http://zenodo.org/record/233802, {"references":["Clastrier, J. (1988) Description de cinq nouveaux Stilobezzia de la Republique de Guinee (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, New Series, 5, 121 - 132."]}