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Background: Hispanics make up 19% of the U.S. population and are experiencing rising rates of cancer, primarily due to an increase in infection-related cancers (gastric, hepatic, cervical) and advanced cancers secondary to delayed screening (colorectal, cervical, breast). There is an increased incidence of gastric cancer (associated with infection, obesity, alcohol, and tobacco use) in Hispanics, especially at a young age, highlighting the need to consider ethnicity as a risk factor., Methods: This study utilized the 2016-2019 National Inpatient Sample database to examine all patients admitted with gastric cancer. Individuals were stratified by race, age, and comorbidities, including modifiable risk factors that are associated with gastric cancer., Results: There were 5,785 (7.44%) patients aged 18-44, 28,370 (36.49%) aged 45-64, and 43,590 (56.07%) over 65 years of age. Notably, 34.3% of the youngest group were Hispanic, contrasted with 19.7% and 12.9% in the older groups, respectively. Younger Hispanic patients showed a higher prevalence of H. pylori infection (8.6%) compared with older Hispanics (3.6% in the middle age group and 2.1% in the oldest, p<0.01). There was a high prevalence of obesity, tobacco use, and gastric ulcers in this cohort. Other risk factors such as alcohol use and gastric polyps were present at a lesser prevalence., Conclusions: This study reveals that Hispanic patients tend to have a younger age of onset of gastric cancer, coupled with an increased incidence of H. pylori infection at a younger age. This finding underscores the potential benefit of H. pylori screening among asymptomatic young Hispanics with the aim of reducing gastric cancer morbidity and mortality in this population., Competing Interests: Human subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve human participants or tissue. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Nieto Dominguez et al.)

Tenebrio molitor (TM) is considered as one of the most promising protein sources for replacing fish meal in aquafeeds, among other things because it is rich in protein, a good source of micronutrients and has a low carbon footprint and land use. However, the main drawback of TM is its fatty acid profile, in particular its low content of n-3 PUFA. This study evaluates the effects of partially replacing plant or marine-derived with full-fat TM meal at two different levels on growth performance and lipid profiles of Senegalese sole ( Solea senegalensis ). For this purpose, a control diet (CTRL) and four experimental isoproteic (53%) and isolipidic (16%) diets were formulated containing 5 and 10% TM meal replacing mostly fish meal (FM5 and FM10), or 10 and 15% TM meal replacing mostly plant meal (PP10 and PP15). Fish (215 g) were fed at 1% of their body weight for 98 days. The final body weight of fish fed the experimental diets containing TM meal was not different from that of fish fed the CTRL diet (289 g). However, the inclusion of TM meal resulted in a gradual improvement in growth rate and feed efficiency in both cases (replacement of fish or plant meals), and significant differences in specific growth rate (SGR) were observed between fish fed the CTRL diet (SGR = 0.30% day -1 ) and those fed diets with the highest TM meal content (PP15; SGR = 0.35% day -1 ). The experimental groups did not show any differences in the protein content of the muscle (19.6% w / w ). However, significant differences were observed in the total lipid content of the muscle, with the FM10, PP10, and PP15 groups having the lowest muscle lipid contents (2.2% ww). These fish also showed the lowest neutral lipid content in muscle (6.6% dw), but no differences were observed in the total phospholipid content (2.6% dw). Regarding the fatty acid profile, fish fed FM10, PP10 and PP15 had lower levels of linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and higher levels of oleic acid (18:1n-9) in liver and muscle compared to fish fed CTRL. However, no differences were found between fish fed CTRL and TM-based diets for docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) and total n-3 PUFA in liver and muscle. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that full-fat TM inclusion up to 15% in S. senegalensis diets had no negative effects or even some positive effects on fish survival, growth performance, nutrient utilization and flesh quality.

Background: Conduct disorder (CD) involves a group of behavioral and emotional problems that usually begins during childhood or adolescence. Structural brain alterations have been observed in CD, including the amygdala, insula, ventrolateral and medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and fusiform gyrus. The current study developed a multivariate generalized linear model (GLM) to differentiate adolescents with CD from typically developing (TD) adolescents in terms of grey matter volume (GMV)., Methods: The whole-brain structural MRI data were collected from 96 adolescents with CD (mean age = [Formula: see text] years; mean IQ = [Formula: see text]; 63 males) and 90 TD individuals (mean age = [Formula: see text] years; mean IQ = [Formula: see text]; 59 males) matched on age, IQ, and sex. Region-wise GMV was extracted following whole-brain parcellation into 68 cortical and 14 subcortical regions for each participant. A multivariate GLM was developed to predict the GMV of the pre-hypothesized regions-of-interest (ROIs) based on CD diagnosis, with intracranial volume, age, sex, and IQ serving as the covariate., Results: A diagnosis of CD was a significant predictor for GMV in the right pars orbitalis, right insula, right superior temporal gyrus, left fusiform gyrus, and left amygdala (F (1, 180)  = 5.460-10.317, p < 0.05, partial eta squared = 0.029-0.054). The CD participants had smaller GMV in these regions than the TD participants (M CD -M TD  = [- 614.898] mm 3 -[- 53.461] mm 3 )., Conclusions: Altered GMV within specific regions may serve as a biomarker for the development of CD in adolescents. Clinical work can potentially target these biomarkers to treat adolescents with CD., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Introduction: Soil microbial communities, including biological soil crust microbiomes, play key roles in water, carbon and nitrogen cycling, biological weathering, and other nutrient releasing processes of desert ecosystems. However, our knowledge of microbial distribution patterns and ecological drivers is still poor, especially so for the Chihuahuan Desert., Methods: This project investigated the effects of trampling disturbance on surface soil microbiomes, explored community composition and structure, and related patterns to abiotic and biotic landscape characteristics within the Chihuahuan Desert biome. Composite soil samples were collected in disturbed and undisturbed areas of 15 long-term ecological research plots in the Jornada Basin, New Mexico. Microbial diversity of cross-domain microbial groups (total Bacteria, Cyanobacteria, Archaea, and Fungi) was obtained via DNA amplicon metabarcode sequencing. Sequence data were related to landscape characteristics including vegetation type, landforms, ecological site and state as well as soil properties including gravel content, soil texture, pH, and electrical conductivity., Results: Filamentous Cyanobacteria dominated the photoautotrophic community while Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria dominated among the heterotrophic bacteria. Thaumarchaeota were the most abundant Archaea and drought adapted taxa in Dothideomycetes and Agaricomycetes were most abundant fungi in the soil surface microbiomes. Apart from richness within Archaea ( p  = 0.0124), disturbed samples did not differ from undisturbed samples with respect to alpha diversity and community composition ( p  ≥ 0.05), possibly due to a lack of frequent or impactful disturbance. Vegetation type and landform showed differences in richness of Bacteria, Archaea, and Cyanobacteria but not in Fungi. Richness lacked strong relationships with soil variables. Landscape features including parent material, vegetation type, landform type, and ecological sites and states, exhibited stronger influence on relative abundances and microbial community composition than on alpha diversity, especially for Cyanobacteria and Fungi. Soil texture, moisture, pH, electrical conductivity, lichen cover, and perennial plant biomass correlated strongly with microbial community gradients detected in NMDS ordinations., Discussion: Our study provides first comprehensive insights into the relationships between landscape characteristics, associated soil properties, and cross-domain soil microbiomes in the Chihuahuan Desert. Our findings will inform land management and restoration efforts and aid in the understanding of processes such as desertification and state transitioning, which represent urgent ecological and economical challenges in drylands around the world., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Hansen, James, Anderson, Meredith, Dominguez, Pombubpa, Stajich, Romero-Olivares, Salley and Pietrasiak.)

Background: In elderly patients with ST elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel disease (MVD the outcomes related with different revascularization strategies are not well known., Methods: Subgroup-analysis of a nation-wide registry of primary angioplasty in the elderly (ESTROFA MI+75) with 3576 patients over 75years old from 31 centers. Patients with MVD were analyzed to describe treatment approaches and 2years outcomes., Results: Of 1830 (51%) with MVD, 847 (46%) underwent multivessel revascularization either in acute (51%), staged (44%) or both procedures (5%). Patients with previous myocardial infarction and those receiving drug-eluting stents or IIb-IIIa inhibitors were more prone to be revascularized, whereas older patients, females and those with Killip III-IV, renal failure and higher ejection fraction were less likely. Survival free of cardiac death and infarction at 2years was better for those undergoing multivessel PCI (85.8% vs. 80.4%, p<0.0008), regardless of Killip class. Multivessel PCI was protective of cardiac death and infarction (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.40-0.89; p=0.011). Complete revascularization made no difference in outcomes among those patients undergoing multivessel PCI. The best prognosis corresponded to those undergoing multivessel PCI in staged procedures (p<0.001). A propensity score matching analysis (514 patients in each group) yielded similar results., Conclusions: In elderly patients with STEMI and MVD, multivessel PCI was related with better outcomes especially after staged procedures. Among those undergoing multivessel PCI, anatomically defined completeness of revascularization had not prognostic influence., Summary: We sought to investigate the revascularization strategies applied and their prognostic implications in patients aged over 75years with ST elevated myocardial infarction showing multivessel disease. Of 1830 patients, 847 (46%) underwent multivessel PCI either in acute (51%), staged (44%) or both procedures (5%). Multivessel PCI was independent predictor of cardiac death and infarction with the best prognosis corresponding to those undergoing staged procedures., (Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.)