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2. Soil macroinvertebrate communities: A world-wide assessment

Author

Lavelle, Patrick, Mathieu, Jérôme, Spain, Alister, Brown, George, Fragoso, Carlos, Lapied, Emmanuel, De Aquino, Adriana, Barois, Isabelle, Barrios, Edmundo, Barros, Maria Eleusa, Bedano, Jose Camilo, Blanchart, Eric, Caulfield, Mark, Chagueza, Yamileth, Dai, Jun, Decaëns, Thibaud, Dominguez, Anahi, Dominguez, Yamileth, Feijoo, Alexander, Folgarait, Patricia, Fonte, Steven J., Gorosito, Norma, Huerta, Esperanza, Jimenez, Juan Jose, Kelly, Courtland, Loranger, Gladys, Marchão, Robelio, Marichal, Raphael, Praxedes, Catarina, Rodriguez, Leonardo, Rousseau, Guillaume, Rousseau, Laurent, Ruiz, Nuria, Sanabria, Catalina, Suarez, Juan Carlos, Tondoh, Jerôme Ebagnerin, De Valença, Anne, Vanek, Steven J., Vasquez, Joel, Velasquez, Elena, Webster, Emily, Zhang, Chi, Lavelle, Patrick, Mathieu, Jérôme, Spain, Alister, Brown, George, Fragoso, Carlos, Lapied, Emmanuel, De Aquino, Adriana, Barois, Isabelle, Barrios, Edmundo, Barros, Maria Eleusa, Bedano, Jose Camilo, Blanchart, Eric, Caulfield, Mark, Chagueza, Yamileth, Dai, Jun, Decaëns, Thibaud, Dominguez, Anahi, Dominguez, Yamileth, Feijoo, Alexander, Folgarait, Patricia, Fonte, Steven J., Gorosito, Norma, Huerta, Esperanza, Jimenez, Juan Jose, Kelly, Courtland, Loranger, Gladys, Marchão, Robelio, Marichal, Raphael, Praxedes, Catarina, Rodriguez, Leonardo, Rousseau, Guillaume, Rousseau, Laurent, Ruiz, Nuria, Sanabria, Catalina, Suarez, Juan Carlos, Tondoh, Jerôme Ebagnerin, De Valença, Anne, Vanek, Steven J., Vasquez, Joel, Velasquez, Elena, Webster, Emily, and Zhang, Chi

Abstract

Aim: Macroinvertebrates comprise a highly diverse set of taxa with great potential as indicators of soil quality. Communities were sampled at 3,694 sites distributed world-wide. We aimed to analyse the patterns of abundance, composition and network characteristics and their relationships to latitude, mean annual temperature and rainfall, land cover, soil texture and agricultural practices. Location: Sites are distributed in 41 countries, ranging from 55° S to 57° N latitude, from 0 to 4,000 m in elevation, with annual rainfall ranging from 500 to >3,000 mm and mean temperatures of 5–32°C. Time period: 1980–2018. Major taxa studied: All soil macroinvertebrates: Haplotaxida; Coleoptera; Formicidae; Arachnida; Chilopoda; Diplopoda; Diptera; Isoptera; Isopoda; Homoptera; Hemiptera; Gastropoda; Blattaria; Orthoptera; Lepidoptera; Dermaptera; and “others”. Methods: Standard ISO 23611-5 sampling protocol was applied at all sites. Data treatment used a set of multivariate analyses, principal components analysis (PCA) on macrofauna data transformed by Hellinger’s method, multiple correspondence analysis for environmental data (latitude, elevation, temperature and average annual rainfall, type of vegetation cover) transformed into discrete classes, coinertia analysis to compare these two data sets, and bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap tests to evaluate the part of the variance of the macrofauna data attributable to each of the environmental factors. Network analysis was performed. Each pairwise association of taxonomic units was tested against a null model considering local and regional scales, in order to avoid spurious correlations. Results: Communities were separated into five clusters reflecting their densities and taxonomic richness. They were significantly influenced by climatic conditions, soil texture and vegetation cover. Abundance and diversity, highest in tropical forests (1,895 ± 234 individuals/m2) and savannahs (1,796 ± 72 individuals/m2), progressively

Published
2022

3. Soil macroinvertebrate communities: A world-wide assessment

Author

Jiménez, Juan J. [0000-0003-2398-0796], Lavelle, Patrick, Mathieu, Jérôme, Spain, Alister, Brown, George, Fragoso, Carlos, Lapied, Emmanuel, De Aquino, Adriana, Barois, Isabelle, Barrios, Edmundo, Barros, Maria Eleusa, Bedano, Jose Camilo, Blanchart, Eric, Caulfield, Mark, Chagueza, Yamileth, Dai, Jun, Decaëns, Thibaud, Dominguez, Anahi, Dominguez, Yamileth, Feijoo, Alexander, Folgarait, Patricia, Fonte, Steven J., Gorosito, Norma, Huerta, Esperanza, Jiménez, Juan J., Kelly, Courtland, Loranger, Gladys, Marchão, Robelio, Marichal, Raphael, Praxedes, Catarina, Rodríguez, Leonardo, Rousseau, Guillaume, Rousseau, Laurent, Ruiz, Nuria, Sanabria, Catalina, Suárez Salazar, Juan Carlos, Tondoh, Jerôme Ebagnerin, De Valença, Anne, Vanek, Steven J., Vasquez, Joel, Velasquez, Elena, Webster, Emily, Zhang, Chi, Jiménez, Juan J. [0000-0003-2398-0796], Lavelle, Patrick, Mathieu, Jérôme, Spain, Alister, Brown, George, Fragoso, Carlos, Lapied, Emmanuel, De Aquino, Adriana, Barois, Isabelle, Barrios, Edmundo, Barros, Maria Eleusa, Bedano, Jose Camilo, Blanchart, Eric, Caulfield, Mark, Chagueza, Yamileth, Dai, Jun, Decaëns, Thibaud, Dominguez, Anahi, Dominguez, Yamileth, Feijoo, Alexander, Folgarait, Patricia, Fonte, Steven J., Gorosito, Norma, Huerta, Esperanza, Jiménez, Juan J., Kelly, Courtland, Loranger, Gladys, Marchão, Robelio, Marichal, Raphael, Praxedes, Catarina, Rodríguez, Leonardo, Rousseau, Guillaume, Rousseau, Laurent, Ruiz, Nuria, Sanabria, Catalina, Suárez Salazar, Juan Carlos, Tondoh, Jerôme Ebagnerin, De Valença, Anne, Vanek, Steven J., Vasquez, Joel, Velasquez, Elena, Webster, Emily, and Zhang, Chi

Abstract

[Aim] Macroinvertebrates comprise a highly diverse set of taxa with great potential as indicators of soil quality. Communities were sampled at 3,694 sites distributed world-wide. We aimed to analyse the patterns of abundance, composition and network characteristics and their relationships to latitude, mean annual temperature and rainfall, land cover, soil texture and agricultural practices., [Location] Sites are distributed in 41 countries, ranging from 55° S to 57° N latitude, from 0 to 4,000 m in elevation, with annual rainfall ranging from 500 to >3,000 mm and mean temperatures of 5–32°C., [Time period] 1980–2018., [Major taxa studied] All soil macroinvertebrates: Haplotaxida; Coleoptera; Formicidae; Arachnida; Chilopoda; Diplopoda; Diptera; Isoptera; Isopoda; Homoptera; Hemiptera; Gastropoda; Blattaria; Orthoptera; Lepidoptera; Dermaptera; and “others”., [Methods] Standard ISO 23611-5 sampling protocol was applied at all sites. Data treatment used a set of multivariate analyses, principal components analysis (PCA) on macrofauna data transformed by Hellinger’s method, multiple correspondence analysis for environmental data (latitude, elevation, temperature and average annual rainfall, type of vegetation cover) transformed into discrete classes, coinertia analysis to compare these two data sets, and bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap tests to evaluate the part of the variance of the macrofauna data attributable to each of the environmental factors. Network analysis was performed. Each pairwise association of taxonomic units was tested against a null model considering local and regional scales, in order to avoid spurious correlations., [Results] Communities were separated into five clusters reflecting their densities and taxonomic richness. They were significantly influenced by climatic conditions, soil texture and vegetation cover. Abundance and diversity, highest in tropical forests (1,895 ± 234 individuals/m2) and savannahs (1,796 ± 72 individuals/m2), progressively decreased in tropical cropping systems (tree-associated crops, 1,358 ± 120 individuals/m2; pastures, 1,178 ± 154 individuals/m2; and annual crops, 867 ± 62 individuals/m2), temperate grasslands (529 ± 60 individuals/m2), forests (232 ± 20 individuals/m2) and annual crops (231 ± 24 individuals/m2) and temperate dry forests and shrubs (195 ± 11 individuals/m2). Agricultural management decreased overall abundance by ≤54% in tropical areas and 64% in temperate areas. Connectivity varied with taxa, with dominant positive connections in litter transformers and negative connections with ecosystem engineers and Arachnida. Connectivity and modularity were higher in communities with low abundance and taxonomic richness., [Main conclusions] Soil macroinvertebrate communities respond to climatic, soil and land-cover conditions. All taxa, except termites, are found everywhere, and communities from the five clusters cover a wide range of geographical and environmental conditions. Agricultural practices significantly decrease abundance, although the presence of tree components alleviates this effect.

Published
2022

4. Soil macroinvertebrate communities: A world‐wide assessment

Author

Lavelle, Patrick, primary, Mathieu, Jérôme, additional, Spain, Alister, additional, Brown, George, additional, Fragoso, Carlos, additional, Lapied, Emmanuel, additional, De Aquino, Adriana, additional, Barois, Isabelle, additional, Barrios, Edmundo, additional, Barros, Maria Eleusa, additional, Bedano, Jose Camilo, additional, Blanchart, Eric, additional, Caulfield, Mark, additional, Chagueza, Yamileth, additional, Dai, Jun, additional, Decaëns, Thibaud, additional, Dominguez, Anahi, additional, Dominguez, Yamileth, additional, Feijoo, Alexander, additional, Folgarait, Patricia, additional, Fonte, Steven J., additional, Gorosito, Norma, additional, Huerta, Esperanza, additional, Jimenez, Juan Jose, additional, Kelly, Courtland, additional, Loranger, Gladys, additional, Marchão, Robelio, additional, Marichal, Raphael, additional, Praxedes, Catarina, additional, Rodriguez, Leonardo, additional, Rousseau, Guillaume, additional, Rousseau, Laurent, additional, Ruiz, Nuria, additional, Sanabria, Catalina, additional, Suarez, Juan Carlos, additional, Tondoh, Jerôme Ebagnerin, additional, De Valença, Anne, additional, Vanek, Steven J., additional, Vasquez, Joel, additional, Velasquez, Elena, additional, Webster, Emily, additional, and Zhang, Chi, additional

Published
2022
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7. Global distribution of earthworm diversity

Author

Phillips, Helen R. P., Guerra, Carlos A., Bartz, Marie L. C., Briones, Maria J. I., Brown, George, Crowther, Thomas W., Ferlian, Olga, Gongalsky, Konstantin B., van den Hoogen, Johan, Krebs, Julia, Orgiazzi, Alberto, Routh, Devin, Schwarz, Benjamin, Bach, Elizabeth M., Bennett, Joanne, Brose, Ulrich, Decaens, Thibaud, Koenig-Ries, Birgitta, Loreau, Michel, Mathieu, Jerome, Mulder, Christian, van der Putten, Wim H., Ramirez, Kelly S., Rillig, Matthias C., Russell, David, Rutgers, Michiel, Thakur, Madhav P., de Vries, Franciska T., Wall, Diana H., Wardle, David A., Arai, Miwa, Ayuke, Fredrick O., Baker, Geoff H., Beausejour, Robin, Bedano, Jose C., Birkhofer, Klaus, Blanchart, Eric, Blossey, Bernd, Bolger, Thomas, Bradley, Robert L., Callaham, Mac A., Capowiez, Yvan, Caulfield, Mark E., Choi, Amy, Crotty, Felicity V., Davalos, Andrea, Diaz Cosin, Dario J., Dominguez, Anahi, Duhour, Andres Esteban, van Eekeren, Nick, Emmerling, Christoph, Falco, Liliana B., Fernandez, Rosa, Fonte, Steven J., Fragoso, Carlos, Franco, Andre L. C., Fugere, Martine, Fusilero, Abegail T., Gholami, Shaieste, Gundale, Michael J., Gutierrez Lopez, Monica, Hackenberger, Davorka K., Hernandez, Luis M., Hishi, Takuo, Holdsworth, Andrew R., Holmstrup, Martin, Hopfensperger, Kristine N., Lwanga, Esperanza Huerta, Huhta, Veikko, Hurisso, Tunsisa T., Iannone, Basil V., Iordache, Madalina, Joschko, Monika, Kaneko, Nobuhiro, Kanianska, Radoslava, Keith, Aidan M., Kelly, Courtland A., Kernecker, Maria L., Klaminder, Jonatan, Kone, Armand W., Kooch, Yahya, Kukkonen, Sanna T., Lalthanzara, H., Lammel, Daniel R., Lebedev, Iurii M., Li, Yiqing, Jesus Lidon, Juan B., Lincoln, Noa K., Loss, Scott R., Marichal, Raphael, Matula, Radim, Moos, Jan Hendrik, Moreno, Gerardo, Moron-Rios, Alejandro, Muys, Bart, Neirynck, Johan, Norgrove, Lindsey, Novo, Marta, Nuutinen, Visa, Nuzzo, Victoria, Rahman, Mujeeb P., Pansu, Johan, Paudel, Shishir, Peres, Guenola, Perez-Camacho, Lorenzo, Pineiro, Raul, Ponge, Jean-Francois, Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Rebollo, Salvador, Rodeiro-Iglesias, Javier, Rodriguez, Miguel A., Roth, Alexander M., Rousseau, Guillaume X., Rozen, Anna, Sayad, Ehsan, van Schaik, Loes, Scharenbroch, Bryant C., Schirrmann, Michael, Schmidt, Olaf, Schroeder, Boris, Seeber, Julia, Shashkov, Maxim P., Singh, Jaswinder, Smith, Sandy M., Steinwandter, Michael, Talavera, Jose A., Trigo, Dolores, Tsukamoto, Jiro, de Valenca, Anne W., Vanek, Steven J., Virto, Inigo, Wackett, Adrian A., Warren, Matthew W., Wehr, Nathaniel H., Whalen, Joann K., Wironen, Michael B., Wolters, Volkmar, Zenkova, Irina V., Zhang, Weixin, Cameron, Erin K., Eisenhauer, Nico, Phillips, Helen R. P., Guerra, Carlos A., Bartz, Marie L. C., Briones, Maria J. I., Brown, George, Crowther, Thomas W., Ferlian, Olga, Gongalsky, Konstantin B., van den Hoogen, Johan, Krebs, Julia, Orgiazzi, Alberto, Routh, Devin, Schwarz, Benjamin, Bach, Elizabeth M., Bennett, Joanne, Brose, Ulrich, Decaens, Thibaud, Koenig-Ries, Birgitta, Loreau, Michel, Mathieu, Jerome, Mulder, Christian, van der Putten, Wim H., Ramirez, Kelly S., Rillig, Matthias C., Russell, David, Rutgers, Michiel, Thakur, Madhav P., de Vries, Franciska T., Wall, Diana H., Wardle, David A., Arai, Miwa, Ayuke, Fredrick O., Baker, Geoff H., Beausejour, Robin, Bedano, Jose C., Birkhofer, Klaus, Blanchart, Eric, Blossey, Bernd, Bolger, Thomas, Bradley, Robert L., Callaham, Mac A., Capowiez, Yvan, Caulfield, Mark E., Choi, Amy, Crotty, Felicity V., Davalos, Andrea, Diaz Cosin, Dario J., Dominguez, Anahi, Duhour, Andres Esteban, van Eekeren, Nick, Emmerling, Christoph, Falco, Liliana B., Fernandez, Rosa, Fonte, Steven J., Fragoso, Carlos, Franco, Andre L. C., Fugere, Martine, Fusilero, Abegail T., Gholami, Shaieste, Gundale, Michael J., Gutierrez Lopez, Monica, Hackenberger, Davorka K., Hernandez, Luis M., Hishi, Takuo, Holdsworth, Andrew R., Holmstrup, Martin, Hopfensperger, Kristine N., Lwanga, Esperanza Huerta, Huhta, Veikko, Hurisso, Tunsisa T., Iannone, Basil V., Iordache, Madalina, Joschko, Monika, Kaneko, Nobuhiro, Kanianska, Radoslava, Keith, Aidan M., Kelly, Courtland A., Kernecker, Maria L., Klaminder, Jonatan, Kone, Armand W., Kooch, Yahya, Kukkonen, Sanna T., Lalthanzara, H., Lammel, Daniel R., Lebedev, Iurii M., Li, Yiqing, Jesus Lidon, Juan B., Lincoln, Noa K., Loss, Scott R., Marichal, Raphael, Matula, Radim, Moos, Jan Hendrik, Moreno, Gerardo, Moron-Rios, Alejandro, Muys, Bart, Neirynck, Johan, Norgrove, Lindsey, Novo, Marta, Nuutinen, Visa, Nuzzo, Victoria, Rahman, Mujeeb P., Pansu, Johan, Paudel, Shishir, Peres, Guenola, Perez-Camacho, Lorenzo, Pineiro, Raul, Ponge, Jean-Francois, Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Rebollo, Salvador, Rodeiro-Iglesias, Javier, Rodriguez, Miguel A., Roth, Alexander M., Rousseau, Guillaume X., Rozen, Anna, Sayad, Ehsan, van Schaik, Loes, Scharenbroch, Bryant C., Schirrmann, Michael, Schmidt, Olaf, Schroeder, Boris, Seeber, Julia, Shashkov, Maxim P., Singh, Jaswinder, Smith, Sandy M., Steinwandter, Michael, Talavera, Jose A., Trigo, Dolores, Tsukamoto, Jiro, de Valenca, Anne W., Vanek, Steven J., Virto, Inigo, Wackett, Adrian A., Warren, Matthew W., Wehr, Nathaniel H., Whalen, Joann K., Wironen, Michael B., Wolters, Volkmar, Zenkova, Irina V., Zhang, Weixin, Cameron, Erin K., and Eisenhauer, Nico

Abstract

Soil organisms, including earthworms, are a key component of terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about their diversity, their distribution, and the threats affecting them. We compiled a global dataset of sampled earthworm communities from 6928 sites in 57 countries as a basis for predicting patterns in earthworm diversity, abundance, and biomass. We found that local species richness and abundance typically peaked at higher latitudes, displaying patterns opposite to those observed in aboveground organisms. However, high species dissimilarity across tropical locations may cause diversity across the entirety of the tropics to be higher than elsewhere. Climate variables were found to be more important in shaping earthworm communities than soil properties or habitat cover. These findings suggest that climate change may have serious implications for earthworm communities and for the functions they provide.

Published
2019
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