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Homelessness is a public health concern in California and throughout the United States. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a risk factor for experiencing homelessness. Few studies have examined the interplay between IPV, homelessness, and housing. Qualitative methods can provide a greater understanding of the lived experience of IPV and homelessness to identify potential solutions. We purposefully sampled 104 adults who reported experiencing IPV in the California Statewide Study of People Experiencing Homelessness (CASPEH), a representative, mixed-methods study. We administered semi-structured interviews focusing on IPV and six other topic areas pertaining to homelessness from October 2021 to May 2022. We created and applied a codebook with a multidisciplinary team using a hybrid of deductive and inductive logic. Our analysis included all participants who discussed IPV and homelessness across the seven studies. We conducted a thematic analysis using an interpretivist approach and informed by grounded theory. We found that violence within a partnership was multidimensional (physical, sexual, emotional, and financial) and bidirectional. We identified six themes: (1) IPV precipitated and prolonged homelessness; (2) Need for housing, financial stability, and material resources influenced staying in abusive relationships; (3) Alcohol and illicit substance use exacerbated violence between partners; (4) Participants struggled to find resources in domestic violence (DV) shelters; (5) The healthcare system did not provide substantial support; and (6) discrimination and stigma influenced equitable access to housing and DV resources. Experiencing IPV contributed to homelessness and impeded returns to housing. Limitations in current IPV resources impede care. We propose equitable expansion of survivor-centered services that improve access to long-term subsidized housing, prevent IPV and homelessness with flexible funding options, and facilitate rapid exits from homelessness through trauma-informed, non-congregate shelter that transitions to permanent housing.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health issue that negatively impacts organizations and their employees. Research suggests that organizations can play a supportive role to lessen this negative impact. However, it has been relatively silent on the conditions under which organizations choose to play such a role. Integrating social role and critical mass perspectives, we examine the extent to which organizations adopt human resource (HR) practices to support employees affected by IPV. Specifically, we argue that organizations are more likely to adopt IPV‐related HR practices when they are led by female Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) and Top Management Teams (TMTs) with more female members. Furthermore, we argue that when women's representation reaches a critical mass plateau, appointing more women in TMTs has no incremental impact, and this non‐linear relationship moderates the CEO gender effect. Overall, we found support for our hypotheses based on a survey study of HR professionals from 414 Australian organizations (Study 1) and an archival study using 2 years of the Workplace Gender Equality Agency data from 4186 Australian organizations (Study 2). Theoretical and practical implications on the influence of gender configurations in leadership positions on the adoption of diversity, equity, and inclusion‐related HR practices are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Over 50 % of US female homicides occur during domestic violence, with half involving firearms. Public health measures to control COVID-19 may have isolated individuals with abusive partners at a time when firearm sales and new firearm ownership surged. This study sought to evaluate trends in domestic firearm violence (DFV) over time, hypothesizing that rates of DFV increased in the wake of COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective query of the Gun Violence Archive (2018-2021) was conducted for incidents of DFV. The primary outcome was the number of DFV-related shootings. Statistical testing, including one-way and two-way ANOVAs, was performed to compare monthly rates of DFV over time and to compare DFV per 100,000 women in states with strong versus weak gun laws. RESULTS: Average monthly DFV incidents rose nationwide during this studys time period, though injuries and fatalities did not. States with weaker gun laws had increased incidents, deaths, and injuries from 2018 to 2021 (all p

The ideological basis of the article is devoted to the socio-legal issues of the structural component of society, namely, the family. The authors identify the qualifying criminal law aspects of domestic violence in Ukraine in order to highlight the trends of illegal, violent, domestic behaviour. Distinguishing between various forms of domestic violence, the authors focus on the phenomenon of gender in the system of classification of violent acts. The authors highlight the psychosomatic impact on the individual's body as a result of active and/or passive unlawful acts. Based on national legislation and international legal acts, the authors describe the likelihood of criminal liability for domestic violence. In addition, the authors outline the methods for determining the manifestations of violence in the family as a structural unit of society and the principles of prosecution based on the current legislation of Ukraine, in particular, criminal law. Domestic violence is a complex social and multifaceted phenomenon that affects the moral and psychological background and requires careful analysis. Criminal law assessment of this phenomenon should take into account not only legal norms, but also moral and psychological factors of influence of persons who commit them on the victim. The analysis of the moral and psychological aspects of criminal offenses related to domestic violence allows for a better understanding of motivational mechanisms, mental disorders, personal characteristics of offenders, including psychological trauma, social norms, cultural institutions and personal experiences. A very important aspect is that many cases of domestic violence are concealed due to fear of the victim, social pressure or distrust of law enforcement. This phenomenon encompasses various forms of violence, such as mental violence, physical coercion, economic violence, sexual coercion, and has a significant impact on the legal system and society as a whole. The legislation of many countries provides for special rules that qualify domestic violence as a separate criminal offense. In Ukraine, for example, this is provided for in Article 126-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which defines criminal liability for this phenomenon. Thus, the criminal law assessment of domestic violence should be comprehensive, including both moral and psychological aspects, as well as legal aspects to ensure effective protection of the rights of victims and fair punishment of offenders. The purpose of the research is to provide a legal and sociological definition of the terminology of domestic violence and its features, to compare the legislation of different countries on domestic violence, and to identify psychosomatic manifestations of violent acts in the family. Formation of personal proposals and conclusions based on the conducted socio-legal research in order to prevent and counteract various forms of domestic violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article emphasizes that in order to improve the protection of children's rights during military conflicts and combat domestic violence, to identify facts of domestic violence against children, to improve and unify the forms of collecting, analyzing, summarizing and taking into account statistical data on cases of all forms of violence based on gender and domestic violence and the effectiveness of measures taken in these cases. Domestic violence is one such phenomenon that only worsens in the period of military aggression, while it can remain invisible or have an inadequate level of response from society due to many reasons. The problem of domestic violence is not new. This is especially true for children and teenagers. However, just as before the war, so now, children who are witnesses of domestic violence are not always recognized as victims. They are recognized as victims only if physical violence was directly directed against the child. Which, after all, a child who has witnessed domestic violence is obviously wrong, because the child who has witnessed domestic violence has at least already been harmed, in particular to his mental health. Different statistical forms in the subjects of prevention and counteraction to domestic violence, as well as their failure to take into account the features of today's global challenges, make it impossible to qualitatively analyze data on the effectiveness of the system of prevention and counteraction to domestic violence / gender-based violence and lead to a lack of comprehensive scientific research on the impact of the pandemic and war on the situation of domestic violence / gender-based violence. At the same time, it is important to take into account in statistical forms vulnerable categories of affected persons, such as women, children, persons with disabilities, for the purpose of further analysis of such information and formation of effective assistance programs for such categories of persons based on the received data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the influence of alcoholism as one of the main factors contributing to domestic violence. It was established that alcoholism is a problem that significantly increases the psychological causes of violence, is a significant factor that affects the spread of domestic violence, as it significantly changes a person’s behavior and psycho-emotional state. Under the influence of alcohol, people can lose self-control, become more aggressive and prone to violent actions, which is especially dangerous in the home environment, where interaction takes place against the background of close relationships and emotional dependence. It is motivated that people under the influence of alcohol can exaggerate the importance of minor misunderstandings or react to them with disproportionate aggression, which leads to the escalation of conflicts that could be resolved without violence under normal circumstances. It is indicated that an important aspect is that alcoholism affects the psychological state of all family members. Victims of violence, especially domestic violence, often feel isolated and vulnerable, which can lead to social tension and conflict in communities. Victims of domestic violence may experience constant fear and stress due to the unpredictability of their partner’s behavior, which creates a state of chronic tension that can lead to mental disorders. It is highlighted how the use of alcohol changes a person’s behavior, reducing his ability to selfcontrol and increasing the risk of aggressive actions. Particular attention is paid to how alcoholism creates economic instability and psychological stress for victims, making it difficult to get out of violent relationships. The social aspect of the problem was also investigated, in particular the influence of the cultural legitimization of alcohol on the perception of violence. In some societies, alcohol is part of a cultural practice that can contribute to the normalization of aggressive behavior and reduce the perceived seriousness of violence. To effectively combat domestic violence, it is necessary to change social norms and raise awareness of the negative consequences of alcoholism, while providing adequate support to victims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the issue of the increase in the number of cases of domestic violence known to law enforcement agencies. Factors affecting the increase of legal awareness of citizens and encouraging them to take decisive actions for zero tolerance to various types of violence in families are analyzed in detail. We analyzed the changes in the legislation of Ukraine, which became the driving force for the fight against domestic violence, the protection of victims and the punishment of offenders. An important step for this was the introduction of amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the addition of Article 126-1 "Domestic violence". At the same time, an important factor in the formation of public awareness of the inadmissibility of domestic violence is the activity of public organizations, public figures, the media community, and mass media. The trend of increasing the level of legal culture of the individual in terms of zero tolerance for the actions of offenders is being followed. Society increasingly does not tolerate violence and strives for justice. It also shows that the legal culture of the individual is growing, people respect the law more and more and understand the importance of human rights. The connection is investigated, according to which increasing the level of awareness of citizens about their rights and about the possibilities of protection against violence leads to an increase in the number of appeals to the police and restoration of their rights by legal means. It has been proven that people seek help more and more often, knowing that they have su pport from the state. The number of sentences contained in the Unified State Register of Court Decisions for domestic violence in the period 2020-2024 is analyzed. It has been studied that the increase in the number of sentences for committing domestic violence is directly proportional to the increase in the level of legal culture of the individual and society. This fact confirms the opinion, however, that domestic violence is gradually leaving the category of latent crimes and victims are no longer ready to put up with violence in fami lies. It was concluded that the development of legal culture in this context means that people not only know about the inadmissibility of violence, but also realize the importance of observing laws and actively participating in the fight against this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic violence is a major contributor to physical and mental malaise of women and is evident, to some degree, in every society in the world. To eradicate gender discrimination and all forms of violence against women, it is crucial to comprehend the pervasive culture of prejudice and violence. Using the case study method, the current study was undertaken in a rural area of Manipur using the narratives of ten women aged between 24 and 49. The primary cause of domestic violence was found to be an alcoholic husband. It was also typical for spouses' relatives to incite their wives to beat them. The respondents faced various forms of abuse such as physical, verbal and emotional from their spouse and relatives. The study's other findings showed that most of the women chose to remain silent despite experiencing abuse and were determined not to leave their abusive relationships due to financial instability, societal pressure, social stigma cultural beliefs and for the sake of their children's lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the world continues to struggle with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been much speculation on the impact of the virus on crime rates, especially domestic violence. Researchers have largely adopted a routine activities explanation for increased levels of domestic violence, where disruptions in patterns of daily life caused by lockdowns increased the opportunity for such events to occur. The purpose of this manuscript was to utilise emerging hot spot analysis to explore spatiotemporal changes in the number of calls for service for domestic disturbance from 1 March 2020 – 31 December 2020 in the City of Tampa, FL USA based on critical time frames for restrictions and recovery. As predicted by opportunity theory, there was a statistically significant decline in the counts of calls over the 10-month period. Additionally, sporadic hot spots were found at some locations during times of heightened restrictions. Locations with sporadic hot spots coincided with census tracts reporting lower education levels; higher levels of poverty, unemployment, single parent households; and more minority residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to analyse the links between domestic violence and children abandoning their family home, using new empirical evidence from the Latin American inmate population. Interest in this group is obvious, as it is precisely because they ran away from home that many may have ended up in a criminal environment and finally, in prison. Among prison inmates, family violence is a strong predictor of abandoning the childhood home. Such inmates have a significantly higher risk of reporting having run away from home at least once before the age of 15, irrespective of their family, peer/school, and neighbourhood context. Domestic violence is a risk factor, triggering a series of events that result in children running away from their homes (victims of domestic violence or witnesses to it). This study suggests a relationship between different configurations of domestic violence and runaways, and provides an additional benefit by relating these two elements to the inmate population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To explore the potential of administrative data in assessment of the association between parental socioeconomic position (SEP) and children's violent victimization by biological parents. Methods: A longitudinal register-linkage study based on child–mother and child–father data, including all children born in Finland between 1991 and 2017. The data included 1,535,428 children, 796,335 biological mothers, and 775,966 fathers. We used logistic regression with person-years as observations and cluster-robust standard errors to predict children's violent victimization in 2009–2018 and assessed effect modification by child's age and gender. Results: For the SEP indicators, lower maternal education (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.90, secondary education OR 1.99) and lower paternal education (OR 2.24, secondary education OR 1.59) were risk factors for violent victimization. Parental social assistance receipt (OR 2.4) and non-employment (OR 1.8–1.9) increased the risk of victimization to maternal and paternal violence. Income was associated with victimization in a gradient-like manner, with ORs ranging from 1.14 to 1.98 among mothers and from 1.29 to 2.56 among fathers. Children with low parental SEP were at the highest risk of parental violence, particularly paternal violence, at ages 3−8 years. Conclusions: All indicators of low SEP increased the risk of children experiencing both maternal and paternal physical violence, especially at ages 3–8 years. Longitudinal register data—because of large samples, no nonresponse or self-report bias, and the possibility to analyze violence committed by mother and father and age-groups separately—have great potential for comprehensive research on the risk factors of parental violence that are difficult to reliably assess with other types of data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to identify and report child abuse and neglect at schools plays a significant role in protecting children and reducing the consequences of violence and abuse. This research examines how preschool teachers identify and report child abuse and neglect by focusing on their knowledge and skills in available preventions and interventions. The study sample included 25 preschool teachers from both public and private kindergartens in Türkiye. Thematic analysis was conducted on the interventions around child abuse and neglect using semi-structured interviews. The thematic analysis revealed three themes: (a) challenges in protecting children; (b) being able to identify neglect and abuse; and (c) contributing factors in child protection. Many participants demonstrated an ability to identify the consequences of child abuse and neglect. Key barriers to protecting children were the teachers' difficulties in reporting abuse, struggles within the school environment, parents' normalization of violence and abuse and resistance to changing their behaviors toward children. Based on these findings, a multilevel intervention approach was recommended to address child abuse and neglect in school settings, emphasizing the need for coordinated responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the people who comprise the natural support networks of children in foster care and any barriers to their ability to provide social support. Based on interviews with the network members of 150 children entering foster care, four barriers (criminal history, child welfare history, domestic violence, and substance abuse) were submitted to a latent profile analysis. Two barrier profiles were identified: a lower-barrier profile (87%) and a higher-barrier profile (13%). These results suggest that barriers are common but not widespread across the networks of most children, with implications for what caseworkers can expect when working with families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of our study examines the prevalence and determinants of domestic violence across various Asian nations. It highlights that domestic violence, both physical and sexual, is a pervasive issue affecting women in these regions, with significant variations observed between South and Southeast Asian countries. Key factors contributing to domestic violence include socio-economic status, educational levels, and cultural norms that often perpetuate gender inequalities. The study also notes the role of community and national interventions in mitigating domestic violence, emphasizing the need for comprehensive and culturally sensitive approaches to effectively address this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, social campaigns and high-profile cases have brought increased attention to violence against women. Athletes can be role models, shaping both prosocial and antisocial attitudes. Their engagement in violence prevention could be an effective tool to tackle violence against women through bystander intervention. This part of a mixed-method feasibility study reports on the quantitative evaluation of an evidence-led bystander program, Football Onside, implemented at a football club in South West England in June 2018 to February 2020. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with intervention and control groups. Football coaches and club members (n = 50) completed measures of rape and domestic abuse myths, bystander intent and efficacy, self-reported bystander behaviors, readiness for change, perceptions of peer helping and myth acceptance, law knowledge, and program evaluation. Fidelity was also assessed. The analysis compared between- and within-group differences in mean changes over time using mixed-effects models. Participant ratings of learning outcomes were high, and fidelity was maintained throughout the intervention. Between-group comparison revealed mixed results, with greater improvements in the intervention group for bystander intent and efficacy at post-test and follow-up, domestic abuse myths at post-test, and rape myth acceptance at follow-up. Model contrasts for within intervention group revealed improvements in rape and domestic abuse myth acceptance, bystander intent and efficacy, perceived law knowledge at both time points, and perceived peer myths and helping at post-test. At follow-up, intervention participants reported significantly higher engagement in bystander behaviors. No significant effects were found for perceived importance of legal knowledge. Our research highlights the potential efficacy of a bystander program tailored for football club members. Cluster-randomized control trials are now required to examine bystander attitudes and behavior change processes among professional athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is the prevalence and impact of economic abuse by an intimate partner in the population? Does experience of economic abuse compound the effects of other intimate partner violence (IPV) types on women's mental health and financial wellbeing? This study used a population-based and representative sample of 1,431 ever-partnered New Zealand women to explore associations between their experience of economic abuse and a range of mental health and financial outcomes. Logistic regression was conducted, and Adjusted Odds Ratios (AORs) were reported. Overall, 15% of ever-partnered women experienced any economic abuse, with the most prevalent act "refused to give money for household expenses," reported by 8.8% of the sample. Women who experienced economic abuse presented increased risk for poor mental health (AORs ranging from 2.59 for poor mental health to 4.89 for having a diagnosed health mental health condition) and financial insecurity outcomes (AORs ranging from 3.09 for receiving government benefits to 4.72 for experiencing food insecurity) compared with women who experienced no IPV or women who had experienced any IPV (physical, sexual, psychological or controlling behavior) excluding economic abuse. Findings suggest that economic abuse may compound effects of IPV and highlight the importance of acknowledging and addressing economically abusive behaviors and their long-term detrimental impact on women's mental health and financial security. Implementing wider forms of safety planning that address issues of economic independence and security, and social support are needed to augment plans that focus on physical safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although numerous predictors of sexual violence (SV) have been identified, there is a need to further explore protective factors and examine the nature and strength of associations between predictors and SV outcomes using a hierarchical predictive model. Cross-sectional data from the My World Survey Post-Second Level (2019) in Ireland were used. The sample contained 8, 288 post-secondary students, 69% female, aged 18 to 25 years (M = 20.25, SD = 1.85). Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify correlates of two SV outcomes (i.e., forced/pressured to have sex and being touched in a sexual manner without consent) across societal, community, relationship, and individual levels. Approximately 25% of females and 10% of males reported being forced/pressured to have sex, whereas 55% of females and 23% of males reported being touched in a sexual manner without consent. Key predictors of SV in multivariate analyses included being female and experiencing violence in a romantic relationship, whereas discrimination, living on campus or in rented accommodation (compared with living at home) were also significant predictors of both SV outcomes. Parental conflict, sexual initiation, depressive symptoms, older age, and an avoidant coping style significantly predicted being forced/pressured to have sex, whereas being bullied and engaging in problem drinking were unique predictors of being touched sexually without consent. Findings highlight the importance of considering salient risk and protective factors at the individual, relationship, community and societal level to predict SV and effectively guide the delivery of interventions and support services for post-secondary students affected by SV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Violence Against Women is a global problem that affects millions of women around the world. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the Mental Health and Quality of Life of Ecuadorian women exposed or not exposed to Gender Violence mediated by sociodemographic factors. A total of 433 Ecuadorian women, 18 to 64 years of age, most of whom (69%) reported being exposed to gender violence. Most of the women lived in the province of Pichincha and were selected through a type of nonprobabilistic sampling based on a survey about gender violence. Women exposed to gender violence showed a greater impact on personality profiles, clinical tests, and quality of life in the physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains compared to women not exposed to violence. In addition, these effects were mediated by age, economic level, education, marital status, and exposure to physical violence and psychological or sexual abuse within the socio-family or work contexts. The results of this study could contribute to improving public health systems, showing improvements in care programs for victims of violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major criminal, social and public health problem. As one effort to prevent IPV and intimate partner homicide, several countries have adopted legislation requiring professionals to disclose IPV to the authorities (commonly referred to as mandatory reporting). The child welfare service (CWS) is centrally positioned for detecting, reporting and preventing IPV, but there is limited empirical knowledge concerning how the service handles IPV cases or of social workers' awareness of mandatory reporting of IPV. Using qualitative interviews, we explore how CWS workers in Norway describe their discretionary space and mandatory obligations towards adults subjected to IPV. Our findings indicate an inexpedient interplay between understandings of professional mandate and individual responsibility and local routines and organisation and insufficient knowledge about IPV and mandatory reporting. We suggest that a reframing of CWS workers' understanding of their discretionary space is needed to ensure that their individual responsibility towards adults subjected to IPV is understood as part of their mandate. This reframing presupposes structural efforts, such as formal training. We propose further investigations concerning how local organisation and routines either facilitate or interfere with systematic and thorough handling of IPV in families with which the municipal CWS meets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bullying is a pervasive public behaviour that raises significant global concerns, inflicting harm on bullies, victims, and bully‐victims. This qualitative case study investigates bully‐victim role formation through the lens of symbolic interactionism. Data were collected via interviews and observations with a Chinese adolescent boy identified as a bully‐victim, by his family, teachers, and peers. Findings revealed the case subject experienced relational and physical victimization, while perpetrating financial, verbal, and physical bullying. Family violence, school exclusion, and an aggressive community culture shaped the subject's aggressive responses over time. Unique aspects of the Chinese cultural context, including parent–child dynamics within migrant families and teacher–student relationships, influenced role development. This novel application of symbolic interactionism sheds light on the complex interplay between multisystem interactions, emotions, and confrontational actions underlying the case subject's bully‐victim status. The study underscores the value of qualitative explorations, giving voice to bully‐victims' perspectives. Findings can inform culturally specific bullying prevention and highlight how contextual interactions shape adolescents' roles. This rare glimpse into bully‐victim experiences in China advances theoretical perspectives and has important implications for research and practice addressing the worldwide problem of bullying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child and family social workers routinely make professional judgements involving significant legal and moral questions (e.g. whether a child has been abused) and more 'everyday' issues (e.g. will the child be re‐referred again if we close the case now?) Yet the world is capricious, and we rarely know with certainty what is going to happen in future or the likely impact of our different choices. Given the consequences of their judgements and decisions, it is imperative that social workers are provided with the best possible support. This paper reports a proof‐of‐concept study of a set of interventions to improve the judgemental accuracy of social workers: (i) a survey to identify respondents with above‐average existing abilities, (ii) training sessions on cognitive debiasing and (iii) structured group working and (iv) three methods for aggregating individual judgements. Findings indicate that it is possible to measure the accuracy of social work judgements in relation to case‐study materials and retrospective questions, while the feedback about the training was largely positive. Any future studies should aim to recruit a more diverse set of respondents, test judgemental accuracy in relation to prospective judgements and explore what types of questions would be most helpful for real‐world decision‐making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In situations where parents do not accept support while their family situation is assessed as unsafe (for instance in cases of child abuse and neglect), it is sometimes necessary to offer mandatory support to families. The aim of the current study is to investigate how parents perceive the results of mandatory support from Child Protection Services (CPS) and which elements of the mandatory support parents mark as crucial for the results of the support. In‐depth semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 18 parents. Parents report mixed feelings about the results of the mandatory support. According to parents, reaching alignment with professionals about the problem definition, as well as the aims of CPS at the start of mandatory CPS, is a crucial element contributing to results of CPS. Additionally, the perceived quality of the support (both on the organizational and professional level) is simultaneous important conditions for a positive view on the support of parents. Implications for practice include the importance of multi‐directed partiality of professionals to reach an agreement about the problems definition and the aims of the mandatory CPS involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I bring together scholarship from feminist international relations and comparative gender politics to investigate how and why Jordan has implemented its policy addressing domestic violence, the 2008 Family Protection Law. Through a qualitative case study, I find that implementation is partial. Aspects of the policy that elevate Jordan's status in the international arena and sustain domestic male privilege are implemented. Attempts at implementing aspects of the policy that grant greater autonomy to women are met with intense opposition, which is justified on the basis of preserving state stability. Taken together, this article demonstrates how international pressure and national security (i.e., state-centric) practices combine with domestic conservatism to produce unintended consequences: ineffective violence against women policies that are minimally implemented. The analysis adds nuance to both the feminist international relations and comparative gender politics literatures by demonstrating how domestic gender policymaking processes are influenced by national and international security politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has significant social and economic consequences in addition to health implications. Alcohol and drug use are linked to violence, particularly intimate partner violence and domestic violence. Identifying the characteristics of individuals with AUD and a history of domestic violence is important. Our study aimed to investigate differences between AUD patients with and without domestic violence. This retrospective study examined the medical records of individuals diagnosed with AUD participating in a central Taiwan alcohol treatment program from 2019 to 2020. Utilizing the Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, and Eye-opener questionnaire (CAGE), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Brief Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI), World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL), and a question on suicidal ideation, we collected data on diverse variables, including a history of domestic violence. A total of 136 individuals were included in the analysis. Twenty participants had a history of domestic violence, while 116 did not. Those with a history of domestic violence had significantly higher MAST scores, lower quality of life, and higher caregiver burden compared to those without a history of domestic violence. They also had a higher proportion of adverse consequences related to alcohol use and higher suicidal ideation scores. It is important to assess the risk of domestic violence in individuals with AUD, particularly those with higher MAST scores. Questions 4 and 10 of the MAST, which relate to adverse consequences of alcohol use, such as losing friends or being arrested for drunk driving, could serve as warning questions for domestic violence. Further research is needed to assess the efficacy of interventions in reducing domestic violence risk in individuals with AUD. • AUD patients with domestic violence history had higher MAST scores, lower quality of life, and increased caregiver burden. • AUD patients with domestic violence history showed more adverse alcohol use consequences and higher suicidal ideation. • AUD patients with domestic violence history experienced greater mental health challenges, including more severe suicidal thoughts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: Children's exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) is a form of child abuse and can have serious detrimental consequences on their health and well-being. Research has shown that a strong relationship with a caring adult, often the mother, is a protective factor against those consequences. For this reason, this study attempts to understand the overall experiences of victimized mothers with perpetrators, professionals, and institutions in the years following IPV disclosure. Methods: We conducted 20 semi-structured individual interviews in Switzerland in 2020 with former patients who had been provided with a clinical forensic consultation between 2011 and 2014. The participants had reported IPV between 2011 and 2014 and had at least one minor child at the time. Results: Victimized mothers continued to experience harmful behaviors from perpetrators/fathers after IPV disclosure. They reported feeling in danger and that the perpetrators/fathers benefited from a certain level of impunity. In parallel, the mothers were held accountable for the safety and well-being of their children in this context. These overall and multi-year experiences had short-term and long-term negative impacts on the mothers' and children's health, financial and administrative situation, relationship, and on school life. In this sample, the years following IPV disclosure were characterized by an enduring sense of ordeal. Conclusions: The professional and institutional handling of IPV situations, in relation to both victims and perpetrators, can endanger victimized mothers and their children and put them at risk of adverse consequences after IPV disclosure. Avenues for change to better protect mother and child and to provide relief to the mothers as an important protective factor for their children are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The Composite Abuse Scale (Revised) – Short Form (CASR-SF) was developed to provide a brief, reliable, and valid self-report measure that could adequately capture the complexity of intimate partner violence (IPV). Unlike many commonly used IPV instruments, it is a multidimensional measure that is appropriate for diverse groups and contexts and can be easily incorporated in population-based surveys or studies with multiple scales. Despite these benefits, however, there is limited evidence regarding its psychometric properties. Thus, the current study aimed to perform a broad cross-validation study of a new Spanish-language version of the CASR-SF. Methods: A large community sample of adults residing in the Dominican Republic (n = 1,117) responded to measures of IPV, depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The analyses included assessments of content validity, dimensionality (exploratory graph analysis), factor structure (exploratory structural equation modeling), measurement invariance (multiple indicators multiple causes modeling), criterion validity (structural equation modeling), and reliability. Results: the Spanish-language CASR-SF emerged as a valid, measurement invariant, and reliable measure of the four core dimensions of IPV: sexual abuse, physical abuse, psychological abuse, and stalking, the latter a novel finding of this study. The analyses also revealed several at-risk populations for IPV, including females, sexual minorities (lesbian/gay/bisexual), and those with lower economic and education levels. Psychological abuse emerged as the IPV dimension most consistently and uniquely related with negative mental health outcomes. Conclusions: The Spanish CASR-SF is an excellent tool for the research of IPV victimization across Spanish-speaking groups and cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Identifying pertinent risk factors is an essential first step for early detection and upstream prevention of spousal violence. However, limited research has examined the risk factors of spousal violence in the Asian context. This study aimed to understand the spousal violence issue in Singapore by (1) identifying the pertinent risk factors that could predict the likelihood of applying for a Personal Protection Order (PPO) - an order restraining a respondent from committing family violence against a person, and (2) understanding the relationship between various risk factors and the likelihood of PPO application. Method: Linked administrative data of ever-married Singapore residents born in 1980 and 1985 (N = 51,853) were analyzed, using machine learning and network approaches. Results: Results indicated that the pertinent risk factors associated with PPO application included lower educational attainment, staying in a public rental flat, early marriage and parenthood, childhood maltreatment, prior history of being respondent to PPO, offending behaviors, and mental illness. Conclusions: Findings could aid in identifying individuals and families at-risk and informing upstream efforts to combat spousal violence issues. First responders, such as police or social workers, could utilize the relevant risk factor as a guide in cases of suspected family violence to identify at-risk individuals and families in a timely manner and minimize adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Domestic abuse (e.g., family violence) occurs globally and increases the risk for lifelong adverse health outcomes for all members involved. Although victims of domestic abuse often refrain from seeking support due to various reasons (e.g., fear), health centers such as emergency departments (EDs) can serve as outlets for assistance. The Domestic Abuse Response Team (DART) is a program working collaboratively with a regional hospital center in Alberta, Canada, uniquely providing immediate, expert, and patient-oriented services (e.g., safety plans) to domestic abuse victims within the ED. This study aimed to evaluate the DART program by: (1) using administrative data to characterize ED and DART patient characteristics and (2) examining staff perceptions about DART's operations, effectiveness, challenges, and improvements. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was used to collect data from April 1st, 2019 to March 31st, 2020. Quantitative data consisted of descriptive statistics on patient and staff characteristics and qualitative data was collected through two surveys to determine perceptions of the DART program. Results: Approximately 60% of ED patients were screened for domestic abuse and 1% were referred to DART, of which 86% were female. All referrals received support within an hour and were provided patient-oriented assistance. Qualitative data revealed that the DART program offers important support to patient victims, increases comfort around dealing with domestic abuse, and decreases ED staff workloads. Conclusions: The DART program offers valuable support to domestic abuse victims. Staff reported that DART is effective in providing victims with immediate care and services while also supporting ED staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Domestic and family violence is a major public health issue impacting one in three women worldwide. The implications of such violence are considerable. Transcendental Meditation® (TM) represents a promising treatment option for women impacted by domestic violence given its demonstrable effects on mental and trauma-related symptoms. This study set out to compare the effectiveness of TM to group support, on quality of life, perceived stress and mood in female survivors of domestic violence. Methods: This 16-week pilot randomised controlled trial recruited women from metropolitan Adelaide, who survived any type of domestic violence in their lifetime. Outcomes included health-related quality of life, severity of depression, anxiety and perceived stress, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, and subjective experience. Data were analysed by intention-to-treat using linear mixed-effects models. Results: Forty-two women were randomly assigned to the TM (n = 21) and support (n = 21) groups. Adjusting for random effects, TM was shown to be significantly more effective than support at improving Australian Quality of Life (AQoL-8D) utility scores (p =.011), and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) severity scores for depression (p =.029), anxiety (p =.017) and stress (p =.021) over the 16 weeks. There was no statistically significant time-group interaction effect for PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) total symptom severity scores. Conclusions: TM is shown to have promising effects on quality of life, perceived stress and mood among women exposed to domestic violence, suggesting that it may represent an effective alternative to group support. Trial Registration: ACTRN12620000467932 (09/04/2020). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Despite the costs of survivor isolation, most mainstream domestic violence programs have focused on meeting the needs of individual survivors and possibly their children, disregarding their attenuated social connections. Only in recent years have some advocates begun to address this gap through the development of practices that restore or create new ties between survivors and their informal networks. In order to grow and systematize these nascent network-oriented practices, we need a way to identify and measure them. This article describes the development of the Network-Oriented Practices Scale, designed to fill this gap. Method: We developed a series of 35 draft items reflecting each dimension of the network-oriented approach, a model created in a prior community-based participatory research study. We administered them to 234 advocates in domestic violence programs across the country. Exploratory factor analysis identified underlying factors and reduced the number of items. Results: The resultant Network-Oriented Practices Scale (NOPS) comprised 14 items across three factors: Mapping Networks and Relationships (working directly with survivors); Engaging the Person who Harmed (working with harming partners); and Engaging Networks Directly (working with informal network members). Conclusions: The time has come to develop a more systematic approach to supporting survivors' renewed links to their communities. The NOPS, described in this brief report, sets the stage, highlighting a set of practices that domestic violence programs can implement, and providing a way to assess their successes and failures in promoting survivors' connectedness, safety, and healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The current study explored the association between childhood psychological maltreatment and bullying perpetration. Furthermore, it tested a moderated mediation model to examine the role of angry rumination and empathy in this relationship. Methods: A total of 2,286 Chinese adolescents (mean age = 13.46 years, SD = 0.93) completed self-report measures of childhood psychological maltreatment, bullying perpetration, angry rumination, and empathy. SPSS 25.0 was used to evaluate empathy as a moderator of the direct and indirect relationships between childhood psychological maltreatment and adolescents' bullying perpetration via angry rumination. Results: The findings revealed that adolescents who experienced childhood psychological maltreatment were more likely to bully others, which was mediated by angry rumination. Empathy moderated the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and angry rumination and also moderated the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and bullying perpetration. Specifically, high empathy enhanced the association between childhood psychological maltreatment and angry rumination, but weakened the association between childhood psychological maltreatment and bullying perpetration. Conclusions: Our study is the first to identify how childhood psychological maltreatment is related to bullying perpetration and the underlying mechanisms, which have important theoretical and practical significance for preventing or intervening in adolescents' bullying perpetration from family aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Family is the cornerstone of many concepts in the social sciences, especially in demography and sociology. It is generally regarded as a major social institution and is positioned as the locus of much of an individual's life-course decisions. This study's aim was to investigate families in multi-problem situations and their determinants in India. National Family Health Survey round fifth was used. A total of 19,763 samples of families were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and chi-square tests and multinomial logistic regression. More than half of Indian families are facing multiple problems. In India, 23.2% of families suffer from three and more problems. Those families with one problem have more domestic violence (25.6%) among women. The use of tobacco (36.4%) and alcohol (35.7%) among men is more in families having two problems. Families facing three problems have more women consuming tobacco (31.8%), more men consuming alcohol (31.4%), and more underweight and alcohol-consuming women (30.2% and 30.9%) in the family. The multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that more than two problems were associated with the men's age groups, wealth index, status of shared toilet facilities, educational level of men and women, and caste. Findings suggest the importance of addressing multiple problems in Indian families. Inclusion of education, sanitation, violence, use of alcohol and tobacco, malnutrition among women, and children management strategies services needs to be taken into consideration by the program and policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic abuse encompasses a range of damaging behaviors beyond physical violence, including economic and emotional abuse. We analyze the impact of cohabiting with an abusive partner on victims' economic outcomes. In so doing, we highlight the systematic role of economic suppression in such relationships. Using Finnish administrative data and a matched-control event-study design, along with a within-individual comparison of outcomes across relationships, we document three new facts. First, women who begin relationships with (eventually) physically abusive men suffer large and significant earnings and employment falls immediately upon cohabiting with the abusive partner. Second, the decline in economic outcomes is non-monotonic in women's pre-cohabitation outside options. Third, men who are violent against women in any capacity impose economic costs on all their female partners, even those who do not report physical violence. To rationalize these findings, we develop a new dynamic model of abusive relationships where women do not perfectly observe their partner's type, and abusive men have an incentive to use economic suppression to sabotage women's outside options and their ability to later exit the relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of a theoretical and empirical study of the phenomenon of "first love" of youth. The relevance of the research topic is dictated by the social and practical significance of the influence of the first love of youth on the regulation of the legal behavior of an individual. The work highlights the approbation and results of the developed author's questionnaire "Outlook features of behavior and feelings of first love in the period of youth". According to the author's developed questionnaire, the results of the analysis of respondents from Kyiv, Zhytomyr, and Dnipropetrovsk regions of Ukraine are presented. The connection of the imprinted model of behavior in first love with the subsequent style of family and marital relations is asserted. It is emphasized that the mental reality of the first love in youth is settled by a deep experience between sexual relations, ethical and aesthetic criteria, which significantly affects the choice of a marriage partner, and therefore the formation of legal (legally significant) behavior in the family, family, everyday life. Mechanisms of psychological protection that pose a risk to the physical, mental, and psychological well-being of an individual are identified. Pay attention to the peculiarities of the victim behavior of youth. It was concluded that the experience of an unrequited, treacherous, abandoned first love leaves wounds in the depths of the psyche and provokes the development of low self-esteem, feelings of inferiority, which are reflected in unbearable suffering and pain in subsequent romantic relationships between the sexes. In connection with this, the role of ethical, moral, and legal education of youth, aimed at analyzing the holistic perception of the reality of first love and preventing possible deformations and crises, increases. The obtained results of the research can be used in: - scientific research field - for further scientific research of legal behavior; - educational activities - for the preparation and conducting of lectures, seminars and practical classes and during the writing of textbooks, training manuals on the educational disciplines "Legal Psychology"; "Personality psychology", "Preventive psychology", "Family law", "Prevention and countermeasures against domestic violence". The provisions of this study can also be used during the development of targeted legal education programs and trainings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During Ukraine's independence, the state has consistently taken measures to shape, implement, and strengthen policies in the field of protecting the rights and freedoms of children. The article provides a criminal-law characterization of domestic violence against children. Emphasizing that human life and health, honor and dignity, inviolability and safety are recognized in Ukraine as the highest social value (part 1 of Article 3 of the Constitution of Ukraine), and the rights and freedoms of individuals and their guarantees determine the content and direction of the state's activity, and the assertion and protection of the rights and freedoms of individuals are the main duty of the state (part 2 of Article 3 of the Constitution of Ukraine), it can be confidently stated that the object of domestic violence is an absolute value, and encroachments on it have a socially dangerous nature. Ukrainian criminal legislation protects social relations involving children or in their interests, with the aim of providing criminal-law means to create conditions for the normal physical, mental, and moral-spiritual development of the child. The unlawfulness of parents' actions is mostly associated with their child-rearing and stems from contradictions between the upbringing process in the actions of parents and permissible actions in legal norms. The nature of the family upbringing process requires formulating the issue of using physical force against the will of the child not as permissible but as a necessary measure. It is emphasized that physical punishments are recognized as violence based on the presence of signs of actions against the will of the child and those that degrade dignity based on causing harm to the feeling of one's own dignity. The resolution of the issue of applying force to a child as a method of upbringing is based on recognizing the child as an absolutely autonomous subject, which contradicts the existing partial legal capacity and parental responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Background Results Conclusion Corporal punishment is the most common form of violence against children worldwide. This study adopts a life course perspective to examine associations between childhood corporal punishment and distinct multi‐decade family trajectories from young adulthood to middle adulthood in China. Specifically, it examines how childhood parental punishment shapes later family life course trajectory patterns, incorporating partnership, marriage, and fertility outcomes, and considers different sources of punishment (maternal and paternal) and potential gender differences (sons and daughters).Accumulating evidence reveals that corporal punishment is not only unnecessary as a disciplinary technique but also harmful to children. This evidence has led to a worldwide movement to eliminate any non‐accidental use of physical force against children. However, previous research often assesses isolated family outcomes without considering family development as a dynamic and interconnected process, resulting in an ambiguous understanding of childhood corporal punishment's long‐reaching influence on unfolding family pathways.Results uncovered both stability and diversity in Chinese family trajectories, with the majority following stable marital norms. Experiencing childhood corporal punishment increased the odds of an early unstable trajectory characterized by divorce and remarriage. Moreover, the implications of childhood paternal punishment appeared more wide‐ranging than maternal punishment in terms of sorting into normative versus atypical family trajectory patterns. Childhood maltreatment also overrides influences of child gender, similarly impacting future family trajectories across genders.This research highlights the profoundly disruptive effects of corporal punishment on family development throughout the lifespan, carrying important implications for fostering healthier and more resilient families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article builds on Paige Sweet's conceptualization of ‘worthy survivors’ in the United States context and adds a consideration of judicial discretion to define who were considered worthy survivors of domestic violence in the eyes of the Beijing courts in 2021 and 2022. After analysing judges’ decisions in civil judgments and civil orders, the article concludes that worthy survivors were those who described how their abusers challenged legal authorities or disturbed public order, submitted multiple external documents with a clear description of the domestic violence, or mentioned children as direct survivors of physical child abuse committed in public. By contrast, survivors with limited capacity for civil conduct (generally due to schizophrenia) were marginalized and treated as ‘unworthy’. This article contributes to our understanding by addressing how crafting stories in line with mainstream ideology in the specific society helped survivors to achieve institutional recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transfer of residence (aka child removal) when domestic abuse is a factor appears to have increased as a practice to resolve challenging child arrangements in public and private law proceedings. Minimal data exists regarding the transfer of residence in public law and the number of private law orders made each year is less clear. Serious concerns about the safety of the family courts continue to be raised, including expert reports recommending the transfer of residency. Following, often harrowing, removals mothers report how they are left to manage complex needs while still being expected to ‘fight’ for their child’s return. In 2022, Project Lighthouse was founded in response to the growing population of mothers who have endured domestic abuse and child removal The charity is beginning to understand the impact and lifelong trauma caused by child removal and, often, is a mechanism of coercive control hidden in plain sight of the family court. Focusing mainly on doctoral and peer research, this paper discusses how mothers’ lived experiences suggest that child removal in private law proceedings is increasing. The paper concludes by calling for urgent research focusing on the impact of child removal, which will help increase much needed awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By providing an overview of the rich and surprising ways in which the victims' shoes trope becomes utilised in political protests as the focus of interaction ritual chains, this article elaborates on the three distinct ways through which moral communities of solidarity position themselves. Firstly, moral communities are often formed around aspects of large‐scale atrocities such as commemoration, victimhood and past injustices that, I argue, strengthen nationalist sentiments. The second type of moral communities of solidarity are those that demand ‘rights’ and claim ‘duties’ for promoting particular sectoral agendas. In the third type, the shoes serve to build solidarities that are future‐oriented and aim at promoting universal human rights. By using Goffman's Frame Theory and Collins' Interaction Ritual Chain Theory, this article analyses protests from around the world in which the victims' shoes trope has been utilised to tackle a wide range of subjects—gun and domestic violence, unemployment, Covid‐19 policies, institutional abuse, road safety, commemorations, antiwar and climate protests and more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic violence during pregnancy is a critical health issue due to its significant implications for both maternal and fetal well-being. Women in South Asian countries are particularly at a higher risk of experiencing domestic violence. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with domestic violence among pregnant women attending tertiary care antenatal services in Pakistan. The secondary aim was to evaluate the impact of domestic violence on maternal and perinatal outcomes. The study participants were 681 pregnant women registered for antenatal care and delivery at a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan. Data were collected through in-person surveys and medical chart reviews. Associations between domestic violence and study variables were examined by logistic regression analysis. Among the study participants, 31.4%experienced some form of domestic violence during pregnancy, with psychological abuse (16.4%) being the most prevalent followed by sexual abuse (9.5%) and physical violence (1.8%). Women whose husbands were unemployed were three times more likely to experience domestic violence (aOR; 3.3, 95%CI: 1.6, 7.0). Similarly, husband’s substance abuse was significantly associated with domestic violence during pregnancy (aOR: 120.8, 95%CI: 57.9, 252.2). Domestic violence was a significant predictor of adverse maternal outcomes, including anemia, preterm labor, and recurrent abdominal pain. Similarly, domestic violence was a significant predictor of NICU admission (aOR: 20.6, 95%CI: 12.6, 33.8) and low birthweight (aOR: 24.4, 95%CI: 10.2, 58.4). The study findings emphasize the urgent need for comprehensive interventions targeting domestic violence among women and preventing its cascading effects on pregnancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Violence against women is considered a fundamental violation of their human rights. According to the world health organization (WHO), one-third of women worldwide experience some form of intimate partner violence (IPV). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dowry demand, perception of wife-beating, decision-making on work and household purchases and physical, sexual, and emotional violence against married adolescent girls in India by using a large dataset. Methods: Data from the Understanding the lives of adolescents and young adults (UDAYA) project survey were used in this study. The final sample size included 4893 married adolescent girls. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses were performed to examine preliminary results. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the associations between dowry demand, perception of wife-beating, decision-making and types of IPV. Results: The prevalence of emotional, physical, and sexual violence among married adolescent girls were 28.6%, 22.9%, and 26.1%, respectively. Approximately 44% of married adolescent girls have experienced some form of violence (emotional, physical, or sexual). The likelihood of experiencing violence was 3.64 times more likely among adolescent girls who reported that dowry was demanded by their in-laws than their counterparts [aOR: 3.64; CI: 3.05–4.35]. Moreover, married girls who justified wife-beating were more likely to face any violence than their counterparts [aOR: 1.56; CI: 1.28–1.90]. Similarly, adolescent girls whose work decisions were made by others had higher odds of experiencing any violence than those who decided their work themselves/jointly with others [aOR: 1.34; CI: 1.07–1.68]. The odds of any violence were higher among adolescent girls whose decisions on household purchases were made by others compared to those who decided to make purchases themselves or jointly with others [aOR: 1.37; CI: 1.09–1.71]. Conclusions: The findings revealed significant associations between dowry-demand, justification of wife-beating, decision making power and IPV among married adolescent girls, and suggest policies that help reduce violence related to the predominantly practiced dowry system in the country, and programs aimed at educating adolescent married girls about their rights against violence and empowering them to retain equal decision-making power within their families and reduce their vulnerability to domestic violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]