79 results on '"Domegan L"'
Search Results
2. European all-cause excess and influenza-attributable mortality in the 2017/18 season: should the burden of influenza B be reconsidered?
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Nielsen, J., Vestergaard, L.S., Richter, L., Schmid, D., Bustos, N., Asikainen, T., Trebbien, R., Denissov, G., Innos, K., Virtanen, M.J., Fouillet, A., Lytras, T., Gkolfinopoulou, K., Heiden, M. an der, Grabenhenrich, L., Uphoff, H., Paldy, A., Bobvos, J., Domegan, L., O'Donnell, J., Scortichini, M., de Martino, A., Mossong, J., England, K., Melillo, J., van Asten, L., de Lange, M. MA, Tønnessen, R., White, R.A., da Silva, S.P., Rodrigues, A.P., Larrauri, A., Mazagatos, C., Farah, A., Carnahan, A.D., Junker, C., Sinnathamby, M., Pebody, R.G., Andrews, N., Reynolds, A., McMenamin, J., Brown, C.S., Adlhoch, C., Penttinen, P., Mølbak, K., and Krause, T.G.
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- 2019
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3. Influenza in hospitalized children in Ireland in the pandemic period and the 2010/2011 season: risk factors for paediatric intensive-care-unit admission
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REBOLLEDO, J., IGOE, D., O'DONNELL, J., DOMEGAN, L., BOLAND, M., FREYNE, B., McNAMARA, A., MOLLOY, E., CALLAGHAN, M., RYAN, A., and O'FLANAGAN, D.
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- 2014
4. Routine screening for hepatitis C in pregnancy is cost‐effective in a large urban population in Ireland: a retrospective study
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McCormick, CA, primary, Domegan, L, additional, Carty, PG, additional, Drew, R, additional, McAuliffe, FM, additional, O’Donohoe, O, additional, White, N, additional, Garvey, P, additional, O’Grady, M, additional, De Gascun, CF, additional, and McCormick, PA, additional
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- 2021
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5. COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation due to laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in older adults: pooled results from eight European countries
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Rose, A, Lovric Makaric, Z, Mazagatos, C, Launay, O, Denayer, S, Seyler, L, Burgui, C, Baruch, J, Marin, A, Machado, A, Vaikutyte, R, Husa, P, Vasili, A, Michelaki, S, Domegan, L, Fagherazzi, G, and Petrovic, G et al.
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SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 vaccines, vaccine effectiveness, hospitalisation, multicentre study - Abstract
Background : European vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies initiated and funded by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the European Commission (I-MOVE-COVID-19) include 38 hospitals across 13 European countries. Using a test-negative case–control design, we aimed to measure VE against hospitalisation due to COVID-19 in vaccination target group(s) overall and by vaccine product. Methods : Between 28 December 2020 and 06 June 2021, we recruited patients hospitalised with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI ; ECDC case definition). Cases were SARI patients, laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive by RT-PCR within 24 hrs of admission or within the previous 2 weeks. Controls were SARI patients who were RT-PCR negative for SARSCoV-2 at admission. We pooled available data received from 34 hospitals in eight countries, and estimated VE in those aged ≥65 years using logistic regression, adjusting for study site (as fixed effect), swab date, age and chronic condition. Results : We included 1, 670 SARI patients (1, 095 cases, 575 controls). Seventynine cases (7%) and 244 controls (42%) were vaccinated ; 73% (235/323) with Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine. Adjusted VE (aVE) for one and two doses of Pfizer–BioNTech was 69% (95%CI: 44–82) and 93% (95%CI: 85– 97), respectively (sample size was too small to estimate aVE by other vaccine products). For one dose of Pfizer–BioNTech, aVE was 73% (95%CI: 49– 86) in those aged 65–79 years and 64% (30–82) in those ≥80 years. For two doses in these age-groups, aVE was 97% (95%CI: 86–99) and 85% (95%CI: 66–94), respectively. Conclusions : Our results suggest good protection against severe COVID-19 conferred by one and two doses of Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine in adults ≥65 years.
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- 2021
6. Routine screening for hepatitis C in pregnancy is cost‐effective in a large urban population in Ireland: a retrospective study.
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McCormick, CA, Domegan, L, Carty, PG, Drew, R, McAuliffe, FM, O'Donohoe, O, White, N, Garvey, P, O'Grady, M, De Gascun, CF, and McCormick, PA
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HEPATITIS C , *CITY dwellers , *MEDICAL screening , *QUALITY-adjusted life years , *HEPATITIS C virus - Abstract
Objective: To investigate whether risk factor‐based screening in pregnancy is failing to identify women with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and to assess the cost‐effectiveness of universal screening. Design: Retrospective study and model‐based economic evaluation. Setting: Two urban tertiary referral maternity units, currently using risk factor‐based screening for HCV infection. Population: Pregnant women who had been tested for hepatitis B, HIV but not HCV. Methods: Anonymised sera were tested for HCV antibody. Positive sera were tested for HCV antigen. A cost‐effectiveness analysis of a change to universal screening was performed using a Markov model to simulate disease progression and Monte Carlo simulations for probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Main outcome measures: Presence of HCV antigen and cost per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY). Results: In all, 4655 samples were analysed. Twenty had HCV antibodies and five HCV antigen. This gives an active infection rate of 5/4655, or 0.11%, compared with a rate of 0.15% in the risk‐factor group. This prevalence is 65% lower than a previous study in the same hospitals from 2001 to 2005. The calculated incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) for universal screening was €3,315 per QALY gained. Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of HCV infection in pregnant women in the Dublin region has declined by 65% over the past two decades. Risk factor‐based screening misses a significant proportion of infections. A change to universal maternal screening for hepatitis C would be cost‐effective in our population. Universal maternal screening for hepatitis C is cost‐effective in this urban Irish population. Universal maternal screening for hepatitis C is cost‐effective in this urban Irish population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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7. Interim 2017/18 influenza seasonal vaccine effectiveness: combined results from five European studies
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Rondy, M, Kissling, E, Emborg, Hd, Gherasim, A, Pebody, R, Trebbien, R, Pozo, F, Larrauri, A, Mcmenamin, J, Valenciano, M, Kaic, B, Kurecic Filipovic, S, Visekruna-Vucina, V, Pem Novosel, I, Lovric, Z, Petrović, G, Krause, Tg, Fischer, Tk, Lina, B, Falchi, Antonella, Vilcu, Am, Souty, C, Blanchon, T, van der Werf, S, Enouf, V, Behillil, S, Valette, M, Bernard-Stoecklin, S, Lévy-Bruhl, D, Launay, O, Loulergue, P, Lenzi, N, Lesieur, Z, L'Honneur, As, Galtier, F, Agostini, C, Serrand, C, Merle, C, Foulongne, V, Vanhems, P, Lainé, F, Lagathu, G, Carrat, F, Buda, S, Preuss, U, Prahm, K, Schweiger, B, Wedde, M, Heider, A, Martin, M, Biere, B, Duerrwald, R, Domegan, L, Coughlan, L, O’Donnell, J, Joyce, M, Collins, C, Dunford, L, Martin Moran, Josè Manuel, Tuite, G, Duffy, M, Connell, J, de Gascun, C, Rizzo, C, Bella, A, Alfonsi, V, Castrucci, Mr, Puzelli, S, Pagani, E, Ghisetti, V, Pariani, E, Baldanti, F, Palù, G, D'Agaro, P, Ansaldi, F, Affanni, P, Rossolini, Gm, Camilloni, B, Bagnarelli, P, Sanguinetti, M, Atripaldi, L, Chironna, M, Serra, C, Vitale, F, Germinario, C, Orsi, A, Manini, I, Montomoli, E, Napoli, C, Orsi, Gb, Casado, I, Castilla, J, Fernandino, L, Martínez-Baz, I, Ezpeleta, G, Navascués, A, Pérez-García, A, Aguinaga, A, Ezpeleta, C, Meijer, A, van den Brink, S, van der Hoek, W, Goderski, G, Wijsman, L, Bagheri, M, Dijkstra, F, de Lange, M, Marzec, T, Overduin, P, Teirlinck, A, Wentink, E, Donker, G, Marbus, S, van Gageldonk- Lafeber, R, Schneeberger, P, van Oosterheert JJ, Schweitzer, V, Groeneveld, G, Nunes, B, RIBEIRO MACHADO, CARLOS AUGUSTO, Rodrigues, Ap, DIAZ GOMEZ, MARIA VANESSA, Kislaya, I, Guiomar, R, Pechirra, P, Cristóvão, P, Costa, I, Panarra, A, Côrte-Real, R, Poças, J, João Peres, M, García Comas, L, Marisquerena, Mei, Galán, Jc, Folgueira, D, Gonzalez Carril, F, Sancho Martínez, R, Cilla, G, García Cenoz, M, Quiñones Rubio, C, Martinez Ochoa, E, Blasco, M, Gimenez Duran, J, Vanrell, Jm, Reina, J, Castrillejo, D, Gherasim, Am, Delgado, C, Oliva, J, Casas, I, García, M, Latorre, M, Milagro Beamonte AM, Martinez Sapiñ, A, Oribe Amores, M, Aizpurúa, A, Montes, Marco, Zakikhany, K, Brytting, M, Wiman, Å, Carnahan, A, Warburton, F, Djennad, A, Ellis, J, Andrews, N, Marques, D, Cottrell, S, Reynolds, Alexander, Gunson, R, Galiano, M, Lackenby, A, Robertson, C, O’Doherty, M, Sinnathamby, M, Yonova, I, Moore, C, Sartaj, M, de Lusignan, S, Zambon, M, Moren, A, Penttinen, P., Unión Europea, EpiConcept [Paris], Statens Serum Institut [Copenhagen], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Pathogénèse et contrôle des infections chroniques (PCCI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier ), Rondy M., Kissling E., Emborg H.-D., Gherasim A., Pebody R., Trebbien R., Pozo F., Larrauri A., McMenamin J., Valenciano M., Kaic B., Filipovic S.K., Visekruna-Vucina V., Novosel I.P., Lovric Z., Petrovic G., Krause T.G., Fische T.K., Lina B., Falchi A., Vilcu A.-M., Souty C., Blanchon T., van der Werf S., Enouf V., Behillil S., Valette M., Bernard-Stoecklin S., Levy-Bruhl D., Launay O., Loulergue P., Lenzi N., Lesieur Z., L'Honneur A.-S., Galtier F., Agostini C., Serrand C., Merle C., Foulongne V., Vanhems P., Laine F., Lagathu G., Carrat F., Buda S., Preuss U., Prahm K., Schweiger B., Wedde M., Heider A., Martin M., Biere B., Duerrwald R., Domegan L., Coughlan L., O'Donnell J., Joyce M., Collins C., Dunford L., Moran J., Tuite G., Duffy M., Connell J., de Gascun C., Rizzo C., Bella A., Alfonsi V., Castrucci M.R., Puzelli S., Pagani E., Ghisetti V., Pariani E., Baldanti F., Palu G., D'Agaro P., Ansaldi F., Affanni P., Rossolini G.M., Camilloni B., Bagnarelli P., Sanguinetti M., Atripaldi L., Chironna M., Serra C., Vitale F., Germinario C., Orsi A., Manini I., Montomoli E., Napoli C., Orsi G.B., Casado I., Castilla J., Fernandino L., Martinez-Baz I., Ezpeleta G., Navascues A., Perez-Garcia A., Aguinaga A., Ezpeleta C., Meijer A., van den Brink S., van der Hoek W., Goderski G., Wijsman L., Bagheri M., Dijkstra F., de Lange M., Marzec T., Overduin P., Teirlinck A., Wentink E., Donker G., Marbus S., van Gageldonk-Lafeber R., Schneeberger P., van Oosterheert J.J., Schweitzer V., Groeneveld G., Nunes B., Machado A., Rodrigues A.P., Gomez V., Kislaya I., Guiomar R., Pechirra P., Cristovao P., Costa I., Panarra A., Corte-Real R., Pocas J., Peres M.J., Comas L.G., Marisquerena M.E.I., Galan J.C., Folgueira M.D., Carril F.G., Martinez R.S., Cilla G., Cenoz M.G., Rubio C.Q., Ochoa E.M., Blasco M., Duran J.G., Vanrell J.M., Reina J., Castrillejo D., Gherasim A.M., Delgado C., Oliva J., Casas I., Garcia M., Latorre M., Beamonte A.M.M., Sapina A.M., Amores M.O., Aizpurua A., Montes M., Zakikhany K., Brytting M., Wiman A., Carnahan A., Warburton F., Djennad A., Ellis J., Andrews N., Marques D., Cottrell S., Reynolds A., Gunson R., Galiano M., Lackenby A., Robertson C., O'Doherty M., Sinnathamby M., Yonova I., Moore C., Sartaj M., de Lusignan S., Zambon M., Moren A., Penttinen P., Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Marc, Rondy, Esther, Kissling, Hanne-Dorthe, Emborg, Alin, Gherasim, Richard, Pebody, Ramona, Trebbien, Francisco, Pozo, Amparo, Larrauri, Jim, Mcmenamin, Marta, Valenciano, D'Agaro, Pierlanfranco, De Lusignan, S, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier )-Université de Montpellier (UM)
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Pediatrics ,Epidemiology ,viruses ,Influenza B viru ,influenza ,influenza vaccine effectiveness ,influenza vaccination ,case control study ,multicentre study ,Europe ,Europe, case control study, influenza, influenza vaccination, influenza vaccine effectiveness, multicentre study ,0302 clinical medicine ,Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Interim ,Pandemic ,Influenza A Virus ,030212 general & internal medicine ,QA ,Influenza vaccine effectiveness ,Child ,media_common ,Vaccine Effectiveness ,Vaccination ,virus diseases ,Middle Aged ,3. Good health ,Treatment Outcome ,Influenza Vaccines ,Child, Preschool ,H3N2 Subtype ,Female ,Seasons ,Influenza Vaccine ,Rapid Communication ,Human ,Adult ,RM ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Influenza vaccine ,030106 microbiology ,Case control study ,Multicentre study ,European studies ,Settore MED/07 - MICROBIOLOGIA E MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA ,03 medical and health sciences ,Virology ,Influenza, Human ,medicine ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,Humans ,H1N1 Subtype ,Vacina Antigripal ,European Union ,European union ,Preschool ,Pandemics ,Aged ,Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ,Cuidados de Saúde ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Influenza a ,influenza vaccine effectivene ,Newborn ,Influenza ,respiratory tract diseases ,Influenza vaccination ,Influenza B virus ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Determinantes da Saúde e da Doença ,[SDV.IMM.VAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Vaccinology - Abstract
Between September 2017 and February 2018, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B viruses (mainly B/Yamagata, not included in 2017/18 trivalent vaccines) co-circulated in Europe. Interim results from five European studies indicate that, in all age groups, 2017/18 influenza vaccine effectiveness was 25 to 52% against any influenza, 55 to 68% against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, -42 to 7% against influenza A(H3N2) and 36 to 54% against influenza B. 2017/18 influenza vaccine should be promoted where influenza still circulates. Funding: The five studies have received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 634446 to conduct the study in individuals aged 65 years or more. ECDC has contributed to fund some study sites of the EU-PC study under the Framework contract No ECDC/2014/026 for the individuals aged less than 65 years. All study teams are very grateful to all patients, general practitioners, paediatricians, hospital teams, laboratory teams, regional epidemiologists who have contributed to the studies. We acknowledge the authors, originating and submitting laboratories of the sequences from GISAID’s EpiFlu Database used for this study. All submitters of data may be contacted directly via the GISAID website www.gisaid.org Sí
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- 2018
8. Exploring the Effect of Previous Inactivated Influenza Vaccination on Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness against Medically Attended Influenza: Results of the European I-MOVE Multicentre Test-Negative Case-Control Study, 2011/2012-2016/2017
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Valenciano, M, Kissling, E, Larrauri, A, Nunes, B, Pitigoi, D, O'Donnell, J, Reuss, A, Horváth, Jk, Paradowska-Stankiewicz, I, Rizzo, C, Falchi, A, Daviaud, I, Brytting, M, Meijer, A, Kaic, B, Gherasim, A, Machado, A, Ivanciuc, A, Domegan, L, Schweiger, B, Ferenczi, A, Korczyńska, M, Bella, A, Vilcu, Am, Mosnier, A, Zakikhany, K, de Lange, M, Kurečić Filipovićović, S, Johansen, K, Moren, A, I-MOVE primary care multicentre case-control, Team., EpiConcept [Paris], Institute of Health Carlos III, Instituto Nacional de Saùde Dr Ricardo Jorge [Portugal] (INSA), University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Carol Davila' Bucharest (UMPCD), Cantacuzino Institute [Romania], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HPSC), Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology [Berlin], Robert Koch Institute [Berlin] (RKI), National Centre for Epidemiology [Budapest], National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene [Poland], Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], Università di Corsica Pasquale Paoli [Université de Corse Pascal Paoli], Partenaires INRAE, Réseau des Groupes Régionaux d'Observation de la Grippe (GROG), Coordination nationale, Public Health Agency of Sweden, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Croatian Institute of Public Health [Zagreb] (CIPH), Instituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), and Gestionnaire, HAL Sorbonne Université 5
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Infecções Respiratórias ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Epidemiology ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Efetividade da Vacina Antigripal ,Influenza vaccinations ,Seasonal influenza ,0302 clinical medicine ,Previous Vaccination ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Prospective cohort study ,Vaccine effectiveness ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,Influenza vaccine ,IMOVE ,virus diseases ,Case-control study ,Middle Aged ,multicentre study ,3. Good health ,Vaccination ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Treatment Outcome ,Infectious Diseases ,Influenza Vaccines ,Original Article ,Female ,influenza ,Adult ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Adolescent ,case-control study ,030106 microbiology ,Population ,Multicentre study ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Influenza, Human ,Humans ,Vacina Antigripal ,education ,Aged ,vaccine effectiveness ,case‐control study ,business.industry ,Cuidados de Saúde ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Original Articles ,Estados de Saúde e de Doença ,Influenza ,Negative case ,Determinantes da Saúde e da Doença ,influenza vaccine ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Free PMC Article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6086844/ I‐MOVE primary care multicentre case‐control team - Portugal: Baltazar Nunes, Ausenda Machado, Ana Paula Rodrigues, Verónica Gomez (Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge); Raquel Guiomar, Pedro Pechirra, Paula Cristóvão, Patrícia Conde, Inês Costa (Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge) BACKGROUND: Results of previous influenza vaccination effects on current season influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) are inconsistent. OBJECTIVES: To explore previous influenza vaccination effects on current season VE among population targeted for vaccination. METHODS: We used 2011/2012 to 2016/2017 I-MOVE primary care multicentre test-negative data. For each season, we compared current season adjusted VE (aVE) between individuals vaccinated and unvaccinated in previous season. Using unvaccinated in both seasons as a reference, we then compared aVE between vaccinated in both seasons, current only, and previous only. RESULTS: We included 941, 2645 and 959 influenza-like illness patients positive for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B, respectively, and 5532 controls. In 2011/2012, 2014/2015 and 2016/2017, A(H3N2) aVE point estimates among those vaccinated in previous season were -68%, -21% and -19%, respectively; among unvaccinated in previous season, these were 33%, 48% and 46%, respectively (aVE not computable for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B). Compared to current season vaccination only, VE for both seasons' vaccination was (i) similar in two of four seasons for A(H3N2) (absolute difference [ad] 6% and 8%); (ii) lower in three of four seasons for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (ad 18%, 26% and 29%), in two seasons for influenza A(H3N2) (ad 27% and 39%) and in two of three seasons for influenza B (ad 26% and 37%); (iii) higher in one season for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (ad 20%) and influenza B (ad 24%). CONCLUSIONS: We did not identify any pattern of previous influenza vaccination effect. Prospective cohort studies documenting influenza infections, vaccinations and vaccine types are needed to understand previous influenza vaccinations' effects. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Grant Number: ECDC/2014/026 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. Grant Number: 634446 WHO‐EURO info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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- 2018
9. The potential risks and impact of the start of the 2015-2016 influenza season in the WHO European Region: a rapid risk assessment
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Tjon‐Kon‐Fat, Raïssa, Meerhoff, Tamara, Nikisins, Sergejs, Pires, João, Pereyaslov, Dmitriy, Gross, Diane, Brown, Caroline, Drishti, A., Hasibra, I., Kota, M., Simaku, A., Sarkisian, S., Torosyan, L., El Belazi, G., Hain, C., Lachner, P., Muchl, R., Popow‐Kraupp, T., Redlberger‐Fritz, M., Strauss, R., Abdullayeva, N., Salimov, O., Gribkova, N., Shimanovich, V., Bossuyt, N., Hombrouck, A., Moreels, S., Thomas, I., an Casteren, ., Bastinac, D., Dedejic Ljubovic, A., Kojic, D., Kovacevic Suljkanovic, M., Kuzmanovic, M., Vukmir Rodic, N., Georgieva, T., Kojouharova, M., Korsun, N., Drazenovic, V., Erceg, M., Kurecic‐Filipovic, S., Simunovic, A., Visekruna, V.V., Bagatzouni, D., Elia, A., Koliou, M., Havlickova, M., Jirincova, H., Kyncl, J., Bragstad, K., Kolsen Fischer, T., Krause, K.L., Mazick, A., Trebbien, R., Dontsenko, I., Dotsenko, L., Pokras, L., Sadikova, O., Ikonen, N., Lyytikainen, O., Murtopuro, S., Ruutu, P., Behillil, S., Belchior, E., Blanchon, T., Bonmarin, I., Bruno, L., Cohen, J.M., Enouf, V., Levy, B.D., Mosnier, A., Turbelin, C., Valette, M., an der Werf, ., Chakhunashvili, G., Machablishvili, A., Zakhashvili, K., Andreas, G., Buda, S., Eckmanns, T., Krause, G., Poggensee, G., Schweiger, B., Kossivakis, A., Malisiovas, N., Mentis, A., Spala, G., Csohan, A., Jankovics, I., Kaszas, K., Molnar, Z., Rozsa, M., Gudnason, T., Löve, A., Sigmundsdottir, G., Coughlan, S., Domegan, L., Duffy, M., Igoe, D., O'Donnell, J., O'Flanagan, D., Waters, A., Kaufman, Z., Mandelboim, M., Bella, A., Donatelli, I., Pompa, M.G., Rizzo, C., Amandosova, D., Kuatbaeva, A., Nusupbaeva, G., Smagulova, M., Smagul, M., Sultanova, M., Otorbaeva, D., Saparova, G., Butirina, R., Nikiforova, R., Storozenko, J., Zamjatina, N., Griskevicius, A., Lipnickiene, V., Muralyte, S., Mossong, J., Opp, M., Barbara, C., Graziella, Z., Maistre, M.J., Melillo, T., Rakocevic, B., Vratnica, Z., Hooiveld, I., de Lange, M., Dijkstra, F., Donker, G., Meijer, A., Rimmelzwaan, G., Teirlinck, A., van der Hoek, W., Dudman, S., Hauge, S.H., Hungnes, O., Kilander, A., Tonnessen, R., Bednarska, K., Brydak, L., Wozniak‐Kosek, A., Zielinski, A., Guiomar, R., Nunes, B., Eder, V., Spinu, C., Alexandrescu, V., Lupulescu, E., Popovici, F., Burtseva, E., Komissarov, A., Smorodintseva, E., Sominina, A., Dimitrijevic, D., Filipovic, S., Staronova, E., Berginc, N., Prosenc, K., Socan, M., Ucakar, V., Grgic Vitek, M., Casas, I., de Lejarazu, R. Ortiz, Larrauri, A., Pozo, F., Vega, T., Ali, M., Brytting, M., Dahl, H., Englund, H., Tegnell, A., Wallensten, A., Wiman, A., Born, R., Cordey, S., Kamolov, M., Bosevska, G., Karadzovski, Z., Kuzmanovska, G., Mikik, V., Korukluoglu, G., Topal, S., Ashyrova, A., Ovliyakulova, G., Demchyshyna, I., Dykhanovska, T., Mironenko, A., Blatchford, O., Carman, W., Coyle, P., Gunson, R., Kearns, C., MacLean, A., Mcmenamin, J., Moore, C., Nugent, C., Pebody, R., Phin, N., Reynolds, A., Smyth, B., Watson, J., Zambon, M., Dzemileva, S., and Rakhimov, R.
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0301 basic medicine ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Epidemiology ,Influenza season ,Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus ,influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus ,Seasonal influenza ,03 medical and health sciences ,Environmental protection ,Virology ,Environmental health ,Estado de Saúde ,2015–2016 Influenza season ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,virus diseases ,1103 Clinical Sciences ,European region ,030112 virology ,Europe ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Geography ,1117 Public Health And Health Services ,2015-2016 Influenza season ,Original Article ,seasonal influenza ,Determinantes da Saúde e da Doença ,WHO European Region ,Risk assessment - Abstract
WHO European Region Influenza Network: P.Conde, I. Costa, P. Crostovão, R. Guiomar, B. Nunes, P.Pechirra, A. Rodrigues (Portugal) BACKGROUND: Countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region are reporting more severe influenza activity in the 2015-2016 season compared to previous seasons. OBJECTIVES: To conduct a rapid risk assessment to provide interim information on the severity of the current influenza season METHODS: Using the WHO manual for rapid risk assessment of acute public health events and surveillance data available from Flu News Europe, an assessment of the current influenza season from 28 September 2015 (week 40/2015) up to 31 January 2016 (week 04/2016) was made compared with the 4 previous seasons. RESULTS: The current influenza season started around week 51/2015 with higher influenza activity reported in eastern Europe compared to Western Europe. There is a strong predominance of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 compared to previous seasons, but the virus is antigenically similar to the strain included in the seasonal influenza vaccine. Compared to the 2014/2015 season, there was a rapid increase in the number of severe cases in eastern European countries with the majority of such cases occurring among adults aged
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- 2016
10. Decrease in the Uptake of Seasonal In?uenza Vaccine in Persons Aged 65 Years and Older In Ireland since the 2009 In?uenza A (H1N1) Pdm09 Pandemic.
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Chaintarli, K., Barrasa, A., Cotter, S., Mereckiene, J., O'Donnell, J., and Domegan, L.
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- 2017
11. Excess all-cause and influenza-attributable mortality in Europe, December 2016 to February 2017.
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Vestergaard, L. S., Nielsen, J., Krause, T. G., Espenhain, L., Tersago, K., Sierra, N. Bustos, Denissov, G., Innos, K., Virtanen, M. J., Fouillet, A., Lytras, T., Paldy, A., Bobvos, J., Domegan, L., O'Donnell, J., Scortichini, M., de Martino, A., England, K., Calleja, N., and van Asten, L.
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- 2017
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12. Influenza in hospitalized children in Ireland in the pandemic period and the 2010/2011 season: risk factors for paediatric intensive-care-unit admission
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REBOLLEDO, J., primary, IGOE, D., additional, O'DONNELL, J., additional, DOMEGAN, L., additional, BOLAND, M., additional, FREYNE, B., additional, McNAMARA, A., additional, MOLLOY, E., additional, CALLAGHAN, M., additional, RYAN, A., additional, and O'FLANAGAN, D., additional
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- 2013
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13. I-MOVE multicentre case--control study 2010/11 to 2014/15: Is there within-season waning of influenza type/subtype vaccine efectiveness with increasing time since vaccination?
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Kissling, E., Nunes, B., Robertson, C., Valenciano, M., Reuss, A., Larrauri, A., Cohen, J. M., Oroszi, B., Rizzo, C., Machado, A., Pitigoi, D., Domegan, L., Paradowska-Stankiewicz, I., Buchholz, U., Gherasim, A., Daviaud, I., Horváth, J. K., Bella, A., Lupulescu, E., and O'Donnell, J.
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- 2016
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14. Vaccine effectiveness in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza in primary care patients in a season of co-circulation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, B and drifted A(H3N2), I-MOVE Multicentre Case-Control Study, Europe 2014/15.
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Valenciano, M., Kissling, E., Reuss, A., Rizzo, C., Gherasim, A., Horváth, J. K., Domegan, L., Pitigoi, D., Machado, A., Paradowska-Stankiewicz, I. A., Bella, A., Larrauri, A., Ferenczi, A., O'Donell, Joan, Lazar, M., Pechirra, P., Korczyñska, M. R., Pozo, F., and Moren, A.
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- 2016
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15. First reported cases of human adenovirus serotype 14p1 infection, Ireland, October 2009 to July 2010
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O’Flanagan, D, primary, O’Donnell, J, additional, Domegan, L, additional, Fitzpatrick, F, additional, Connell, J, additional, Coughlan, S, additional, De Gascun, C, additional, and Carr, M J, additional
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- 2011
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16. The epidemiology of infectious syphilis in the Republic of Ireland
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Cronin, M, primary, Domegan, L, additional, Thornton, L, additional, Fitzgerald, M, additional, Hopkins, S, additional, O’Lorcain, P, additional, Creamer, E, additional, and O'Flanagan, D, additional
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- 2004
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17. Incidence of STIs continues to rise in the Republic of Ireland
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Cronin, M, primary and Domegan, L, additional
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- 2003
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18. Increased respiratory syncytial virus activity in Ireland
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Domegan, L, primary, O’Donnell, J, additional, Cunney, R, additional, O’Kelly, Edwin, additional, and Dooley, S, additional
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- 2002
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19. Effectiveness of 2010/2011 seasonal influenza vaccine in Ireland.
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Barret AS, Donnell JO, O'Hora A, Collins C, Coughlan S, Joyce M, Moran J, Waters A, O'Malley A, Domegan L, and O'Flanagan D
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- 2012
20. Early estimates of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness in Europe among target groups for vaccination: Results from the I-MOVE multicentre case-control study, 2011/12
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Kissling, E., Valenciano, M., Ciancio, B. C., Kramarz, P., Nicoll, A., Moren, A., Savulescu, C., Cohen, J. M., Mosnier, A., Daviaud, I., Bui, T. T., Oroszi, B., Horváth, J. K., Caini, S., Rózsa, M., Rebolledo, J., O’malley, A., O’donnell, J., Domegan, L., Moran, J., Coughlan, S., Joyce, M., Collins, C., Rizzo, C., Bella, A., Rota, M. C., Giannitelli, S., Simona Puzelli, Donatelli, I., Declich, S., Stankiewicz, I. P., Gluchowska, M., Brydak, L., Kosek, A. W., Grzeganek, D., Nunes, B., Machado, A., Batista, I., Guiomar, R., Pechirra, P., Gonçalves, P., Conde, P., Falcão, I., Pitigoi, D., Ivanciuc, A. E., Lupulescu, E., Jiménez-Jorge, S., Mateo, S., Pozo, F., Ledesma, J., Casas, I., and Larrauri, A.
21. I-MOVE: a European network to measure the effectiveness of influenza vaccines
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Valenciano, M., Ciancio, Bc, I-Move, Study Team, Ciancio, B. C., Kramarz, P., Nicoll, A., Kissling, E., Moren, A., Savulescu, C., Seyler, T., Mazick, A., Widgren, K., Bui, T., Cohen, J. M., Daviaud, I., Mosnier, A., Oroszi, B., Caini, S., Csohan, A., Horvath, J. K., Rozsa, M., Barret, A. S., Domegan, L., O Donnell, J., Declich, S., Puzelli, S., Rizzo, C., Rota, M. C., Dieleman, J., Sturkenboom, M., Wijnans, L., Voordouw, B., Gluchowska, M., Paradowska-Stankiewicz, I., Stefanoff, P., Batista, I., Barreto, M., Conde, P., Falcao, J. M., Goncalves, P., Guiomar, R., Machado, A., Nunes, B., Pechirra, P., Helena Rebelo-de-Andrade, Santos, L., Falcao, I., Alexandrescu, V., Ivanciuc, A., Lupulescu, E., Pitigoi, D., Durnall, H., Fleming, D., Andrews, N., Hardelid, P., Kafatos, G., Pebody, R., Watson, J., Zambon, M., Kavanagh, K., Robertson, C., Mcmenamin, J., Reynolds, A., Larrauri, A., Jimenez-Jorge, S., Mateo, S., Pozo, F., Barricarte, A., Castilla, J., Garcia Cenoz, M., Martinez-Baz, I., and Guevara, M.
22. Start of the 2014/15 influenza season in Europe: Drifted influenza A(H3N2) viruses circulate as dominant subtype
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Broberg, E., Snacken, R., Adlhoch, C., Beauté, J., Galinska, M., Pereyaslov, D., Brown, C., Penttinen, P., Kota, M., Simaku, A., Sarkisian, S., Torosyan, L., Popow-Kraupp, T., Rendi-Wagner, P., Schmid, D., Abdullayeva, N., Salimov, O., Gribkova, N., Shimanovich, V., Thomas, I., Hombrouck, A., Bossuyt, N., Moreels, S., Casteren, V., Ljubovic, A. D., Rodic, N. V., Korsun, N., Kojouharova, M., Georgieva, T., Drazenovic, V., Bagatzouni, D., Koliou, M., Havlickova, M., Jiřincová, H., Kyncl, J., Knudsen, L. K., Mazick, A., Ramona Trebbien, Fischer, T. K., Lilje, L., Pokras, L., Kuznetsova, N., Sadikova, O., Ikonen, N., Lyytikäinen, O., Murtopuro, S., Enouf, V., Lina, B., Valette, M., Werf, S., Bonmarin, I., Sylvie, B., Thierry, B., Turbelin, C., Belchior, E., Machablishvili, A., Zakhashvili, K., Buda, S., Schweiger, B., Kossivakis, A., Georgia, S., Mentis, A., Malisiovas, N., Csohán, Á, Rózsa, M., Jankovics, I., Molnár, Z., Löve, A., Sigmundsdóttir, G., Gudnason, T., Domegan, L., O’flanagan, D., Igoe, D., Waters, A., Duffy, M., Coughlan, S., O Donnell, J., Kaufman, Z., Mandelboim, M., Donatelli, I., Bella, A., Rizzo, C., Pompa, M. G., Puzelli, S., Castrucci, M. R., Katrenova, A., Nusupbaeva, G., Kasymbekova, K., Otorbaeva, D., Nikiforova, R., Zamjatina, N., Erne, S., Griškevicius, A., Lipnickiene, V., Mossong, J., Opp, M., Barbara, C., Melillo, T., Melillo, J. M., Zahra, G., Rakocevic, B., Vratnica, Z., Meijer, A., Teirlinck, A., Dijkstra, F., Donker, G., Rimmelzwaan, G., Lange, M. D., Hungnes, O., Bragstad, K., Hauge, S. H., Tønnessen, R., Dudman, S. G., Bednarska, K., Brydak, L. B., Zielinski, A., Guiomar, R., Pechirra, P., Cristovão, P., Costa, I., Nunes, B., Rodrigues, A., Eder, V., Spinu, C., Alexandrescu, V., Lupulescu, E., Popovici, F., Burtseva, E., Sominina, A., Dimitrijevic, D., Adrovic, S. R., Staronová, E., Mikas, J., Prosenc, K., Berginc, N., Socan, M., Casas, I., Larrauri, A., Pozo, F., Lejarazu, R. O., Pumarola, T., Brytting, M., Englund, H., Wiman, Å, Mahmud, N. N., Born, R., Cordey, S., Tishkova, F., Kamolov, M., Bosevska, G., Kuzmanovska, G., Topal, S., Korukluoglu, G., Ashirova, A., Ovliyakulova, G., Demchyshyna, I., Dykhanovska, T., Mironenko, A., Coyle, P., Maclean, A., Gunson, R., Green, H., Kearns, C., Zambon, M., Nugent, C., Moore, C., Phin, N., Pebody, R., Cottrell, S., Mcmenamin, J., Jessop, L., Dzemileva, S., Rakhimov, R., Mccauley, J., and Daniels, R.
23. Estimated number of lives directly saved by COVID-19 vaccination programmes in the WHO European Region from December, 2020, to March, 2023: a retrospective surveillance study.
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Meslé MMI, Brown J, Mook P, Katz MA, Hagan J, Pastore R, Benka B, Redlberger-Fritz M, Bossuyt N, Stouten V, Vernemmen C, Constantinou E, Maly M, Kynčl J, Sanca O, Krause TG, Vestergaard LS, Leino T, Poukka E, Gkolfinopoulou K, Mellou K, Tsintziloni M, Molnár Z, Aspelund G, Thordardottir M, Domegan L, Kelly E, O'Donell J, Urdiales AM, Riccardo F, Sacco C, Bumšteinas V, Liausediene R, Mossong J, Vergison A, Borg ML, Melillo T, Kocinski D, Pollozhani E, Meijerink H, Costa D, Gomes JP, Leite PP, Druc A, Gutu V, Mita V, Lazar M, Popescu R, Popovici O, Musilová M, Mrzel M, Socan M, Učakar V, Limia A, Mazagatos C, Olmedo C, Dabrera G, Kall M, Sinnathamby M, McGowan G, McMenamin J, Morrison K, Nitzan D, Widdowson MA, Smallwood C, and Pebody R
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- Humans, Retrospective Studies, Middle Aged, Aged, Adult, Europe epidemiology, Aged, 80 and over, Immunization Programs statistics & numerical data, World Health Organization, Male, Female, COVID-19 prevention & control, COVID-19 mortality, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 Vaccines administration & dosage, SARS-CoV-2 immunology
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Background: By March, 2023, 54 countries, areas, and territories (hereafter CAT) in the WHO European Region had reported more than 2·2 million COVID-19-related deaths to the WHO Regional Office for Europe. Here, we estimated how many lives were directly saved by vaccinating adults in the WHO European Region from December, 2020, to March, 2023., Methods: In this retrospective surveillance study, we estimated the number of lives directly saved by age group, vaccine dose, and circulating variant-of-concern (VOC) period, regionally and nationally, using weekly data on COVID-19 mortality and infection, COVID-19 vaccination uptake, and SARS-CoV-2 virus characterisations by lineage downloaded from The European Surveillance System on June 11, 2023, as well as vaccine effectiveness data from the literature. We included data for six age groups (25-49 years, 50-59 years, ≥60 years, 60-69 years, 70-79 years, and ≥80 years). To be included in the analysis, CAT needed to have reported both COVID-19 vaccination and mortality data for at least one of the four older age groups. Only CAT that reported weekly data for both COVID-19 vaccination and mortality by age group for 90% of study weeks or more in the full study period were included. We calculated the percentage reduction in the number of expected and reported deaths., Findings: Between December, 2020, and March, 2023, in 34 of 54 CAT included in the analysis, COVID-19 vaccines reduced deaths by 59% overall (CAT range 17-82%), representing approximately 1·6 million lives saved (range 1·5-1·7 million) in those aged 25 years or older: 96% of lives saved were aged 60 years or older and 52% were aged 80 years or older; first boosters saved 51% of lives, and 60% were saved during the Omicron period., Interpretation: Over nearly 2·5 years, most lives saved by COVID-19 vaccination were in older adults by first booster dose and during the Omicron period, reinforcing the importance of up-to-date vaccination among the most at-risk individuals. Further modelling work should evaluate indirect effects of vaccination and public health and social measures., Funding: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests GD reports that the predecessor of the organisation he works for, Public Health England, received an unrestricted grant from GSK to undertake a study on the outcome of patients who received parenteral zanamavir. The funder received data and interim reports from Public Health England but did not influence analysis and reporting of the study. GD had no involvement in the GSK-funded study on parenteral zanamavir. Furthermore, the currently submitted work was part of the public health response activities to COVID-19 and had no relationship to GSK or the study on parenteral zanamivir. EP has received a personal grant from the Finnish Medical Foundation for PhD studies. JM declares that Public Health Scotland received funding from the EU Horizon 2020 programme for work in describing the epidemiology of COVID-19 and its impact on primary and secondary care as a partner in the IMOVE-COVID-19 project. MK declares having received consulting fees from Gilead Sciences for advising on development of a clinical module for collection of patient-reported outcome data from people living with HIV, and having received an honoraria from GESIDA for speaking at an annual conference on patient-reported outcome measures for people with HIV. All other authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 World Health Organization. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.)
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- 2024
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24. COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness in Autumn and Winter 2022 to 2023 Among Older Europeans.
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Laniece Delaunay C, Mazagatos C, Martínez-Baz I, Túri G, Goerlitz L, Domegan L, Meijer A, Rodrigues AP, Sève N, Ilic M, Latorre-Margalef N, Lazar M, Maurel M, Melo A, Andreu Ivorra B, Casado I, Horváth JK, Buda S, Bennett C, de Lange M, Guiomar R, Enouf V, Mlinaric I, Samuelsson Hagey T, Dinu S, Rumayor M, Castilla J, Oroszi B, Dürrwald R, O'Donnell J, Hooiveld M, Gomez V, Falchi A, Kurecic Filipovic S, Dillner L, Popescu R, Bacci S, Kaczmarek M, and Kissling E
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- Humans, Aged, Female, Europe epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Case-Control Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Vaccination statistics & numerical data, European People, COVID-19 prevention & control, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 Vaccines administration & dosage, COVID-19 Vaccines therapeutic use, Vaccine Efficacy, SARS-CoV-2 immunology, Seasons
- Abstract
Importance: In the context of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants or lineages and new vaccines, it is key to accurately monitor COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (CVE) to inform vaccination campaigns., Objective: To estimate the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines administered in autumn and winter 2022 to 2023 against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (with all circulating viruses and XBB lineage in particular) among people aged 60 years or older in Europe, and to compare different CVE approaches across the exposed and reference groups used., Design, Setting, and Participants: This case-control study obtained data from VEBIS (Vaccine Effectiveness, Burden and Impact Studies), a multicenter study that collects COVID-19 and influenza data from 11 European sites: Croatia; France; Germany; Hungary; Ireland; Portugal; the Netherlands; Romania; Spain, national; Spain, Navarre region; and Sweden. Participants were primary care patients aged 60 years or older with acute respiratory infection symptoms who were recruited at the 11 sites after the start of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign from September 2022 to August 2023. Cases and controls were defined as patients with positive and negative, respectively, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results., Exposures: The exposure was COVID-19 vaccination. The exposure group consisted of patients who received a COVID-19 vaccine during the autumn and winter 2022 to 2023 vaccination campaign and 14 days or more before symptom onset. Reference group included patients who were not vaccinated during or in the 6 months before the 2022 to 2023 campaign (seasonal CVE), those who were never vaccinated (absolute CVE), and those who were vaccinated with at least the primary series 6 months or more before the campaign (relative CVE). For relative CVE of second boosters, patients receiving their second booster during the campaign were compared with those receiving 1 booster 6 months or more before the campaign., Main Outcomes and Measures: The outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed, medically attended, symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Four CVE estimates were generated: seasonal, absolute, relative, and relative of second boosters. CVE was estimated using logistic regression, adjusting for study site, symptom onset date, age, chronic condition, and sex., Results: A total of 9308 primary care patients were included, with 1687 cases (1035 females; median [IQR] age, 71 [65-79] years) and 7621 controls (4619 females [61%]; median [IQR] age, 71 [65-78] years). Within 14 to 89 days after vaccination, seasonal CVE was 29% (95% CI, 14%-42%), absolute CVE was 39% (95% CI, 6%-60%), relative CVE was 31% (95% CI, 15% to 44%), and relative CVE of second boosters was 34% (95% CI, 18%-47%) against all SARS-CoV-2 variants. In the same interval, seasonal CVE was 44% (95% CI, -10% to 75%), absolute CVE was 52% (95% CI, -23% to 82%), relative CVE was 47% (95% CI, -8% to 77%), and relative CVE of second boosters was 46% (95% CI, -13% to 77%) during a period of high XBB circulation. Estimates decreased with time since vaccination, with no protection from 180 days after vaccination., Conclusions and Relevance: In this case-control study among older Europeans, all CVE approaches suggested that COVID-19 vaccines administered in autumn and winter 2022 to 2023 offered at least 3 months of protection against symptomatic, medically attended, laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The effectiveness of new COVID-19 vaccines against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants should be continually monitored using CVE seasonal approaches.
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- 2024
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25. The impact of the COVID-19 vaccination programme on symptomatic and severe SARS-CoV-2 infection during a period of Omicron variant dominance in Ireland, December 2021 to March 2023.
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Marron L, Mateo-Urdiales A, O'Donnell J, Robinson E, and Domegan L
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- Humans, Ireland epidemiology, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, Male, Female, Vaccination statistics & numerical data, Vaccine Efficacy statistics & numerical data, Immunization, Secondary statistics & numerical data, COVID-19 prevention & control, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 Vaccines administration & dosage, COVID-19 Vaccines immunology, SARS-CoV-2 immunology, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, Immunization Programs
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BackgroundAs Ireland prepared for an autumn 2023 COVID-19 vaccination booster campaign, there was concern that vaccine fatigue would affect uptake, which has been abating.AimThis study aimed to quantify the direct impact of the COVID-19 vaccination programme in Ireland on averted COVID-19-related outcomes including symptomatic presentations to primary care/community testing centres, emergency department (ED) presentations, hospitalisations, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and deaths, in individuals aged ≥ 50 years, during Omicron dominance.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational COVID-19 vaccine impact study in December 2021-March 2023 in Ireland. We used national data on notified outcomes and vaccine coverage, as well as vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates, sourced from the World Health Organization's live systematic review of VE, to estimate the count and prevented fraction of outcomes in ≥ 50-year-olds averted by the COVID-19 vaccination programme in this age group.ResultsThe COVID-19 vaccination programme averted 48,551 symptomatic COVID-19 presentations to primary care/community testing centres (36% of cases expected in the absence of vaccination), 9,517 ED presentations (53% of expected), 102,160 hospitalisations (81% of expected), 3,303 ICU admissions (89% of expected) and 15,985 deaths (87% of expected).ConclusionsWhen Omicron predominated, the COVID-19 vaccination programme averted symptomatic and severe COVID-19 cases, including deaths due to COVID-19. In line with other international vaccine impact studies, these findings emphasise the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination for population health and the healthcare system and are relevant for informing COVID-19 booster vaccination programmes, pandemic preparedness and communicating the reason for and importance of COVID-19 vaccination in Ireland and internationally.
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- 2024
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26. Exploring the effect of clinical case definitions on influenza vaccine effectiveness estimation at primary care level: Results from the end-of-season 2022-23 VEBIS multicentre study in Europe.
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Maurel M, Mazagatos C, Goerlitz L, Oroszi B, Hooiveld M, Machado A, Domegan L, Ilić M, Popescu R, Sève N, Martínez-Baz I, Larrauri A, Buda S, Túri G, Meijer A, Gomez V, O'Donnell J, Mlinarić I, Timnea O, Diez AO, Dürrwald R, Horváth JK, Dijkstra F, Rodrigues AP, McKenna A, Filipović SK, Lazar M, Kaczmarek M, Bacci S, and Kissling E
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- Humans, Adolescent, Europe epidemiology, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Aged, Male, Child, Preschool, Child, Young Adult, Case-Control Studies, Infant, Seasons, Infant, Newborn, Vaccination statistics & numerical data, Respiratory Tract Infections epidemiology, Respiratory Tract Infections diagnosis, Respiratory Tract Infections prevention & control, Influenza Vaccines immunology, Influenza Vaccines administration & dosage, Influenza, Human prevention & control, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Influenza, Human diagnosis, Primary Health Care statistics & numerical data, Vaccine Efficacy
- Abstract
Background: Within influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies at primary care level with a laboratory-confirmed outcome, clinical case definitions for recruitment of patients can vary. We used the 2022-23 VEBIS primary care European multicentre study end-of-season data to evaluate whether the clinical case definition affected IVE estimates., Methods: We estimated VE using a multicentre test-negative case-control design. We measured VE against any influenza and influenza (sub)types, by age group (0-14, 15-64, ≥65 years) and by influenza vaccine target group, using logistic regression. We estimated IVE among patients meeting the European Union (EU) acute respiratory infection (ARI) case definition and among those meeting the EU influenza-like illness (ILI) case definition, including only sites providing information on specific symptoms and recruiting patients using an ARI case definition (as the EU ILI case definition is a subset of the EU ARI one)., Results: We included 24 319 patients meeting the EU ARI case definition, of whom 21 804 patients (90 %) meet the EU ILI case definition, for the overall pooled VE analysis against any influenza. The overall and influenza (sub)type-specific VE varied by ≤2 % between EU ILI and EU ARI populations., Discussion: Among all analyses, we found similar VE estimates between the EU ILI and EU ARI populations, with few (10%) additional non-ILI ARI patients recruited. These results indicate that VE in the 2022-23 influenza season was not affected by use of a different clinical case definition for recruitment, although we recommend investigating whether this holds true for next seasons., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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27. Investigating incidence of and factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection over a nine-month period in a highly-vaccinated healthcare worker cohort.
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Townsend L, Marron L, O'Brien K, Walsh C, Domegan L, McGrath J, Kenny C, Fleming C, and Bergin C
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Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This risk persists despite the implementation of mitigating factors, including vaccination. The ongoing impact of incident SARS-CoV-2 infection and symptomatic COVID-19 disease in vaccinated healthcare workers is poorly understood., Aim: We aimed to describe the epidemiology of incident SARS-CoV-2 infections, as well as investigating the serological, clinical and demographic factors associated with developing infection., Design: This was a multi-centre prospective longitudinal study followed a HCW cohort over a nine-month period., Methods: Spike and nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were measured at enrolment. Vaccination status, demographics, and medical history were collated. Incident infection over the study period was recorded. Multivariable regression models investigated factors associated with nucleocapsid antibody status, incident infection, and symptomatic infection., Results: 1,260 participants took part, of whom n = 1,006 were anti-nucleocapsid antibody positive. Negative anti-nucleocapsid antibody was associated with older age and having a known SARS-CoV-2 acquisition risk. There were n = 274 (22%) incident infections, with n = 225 (87%) diagnosed using antigen tests. Incident infections were associated with lower anti-nucleocapsid titres, increased time since previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, and having a known acquisition risk, but were not associated with vaccination status., Conclusions: This study demonstrates a high rate of incident SARS-CoV-2 infection amongst healthcare workers, despite broad vaccine coverage. There is a shift in diagnostics, from PCR to antigen testing. We identify at-risk groups for incident infection, and these should continue be targeted as part of risk reduction campaigns. Vaccination status and prior infection status alone are not surrogates for protection., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Physicians. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
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- 2024
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28. Excess mortality in Europe coincides with peaks of COVID-19, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), November 2023 to February 2024.
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Nørgaard SK, Nielsen J, Nordholm AC, Richter L, Chalupka A, Sierra NB, Braeye T, Athanasiadou M, Lytras T, Denissov G, Luomala O, Fouillet A, Pontais I, An der Heiden M, Zacher B, Weigel A, Foppa I, Gkolfinopoulou K, Panagoulias I, Paldy A, Malnasi T, Domegan L, Kelly E, Rotem N, Rakhlin O, de'Donato FK, Di Blasi C, Hoffmann P, Velez T, England K, Calleja N, van Asten L, Jongenotter F, Rodrigues AP, Silva S, Klepac P, Gomez-Barroso D, Gomez IL, Galanis I, Farah A, Weitkunat R, Fehst K, Andrews N, Clare T, Bradley DT, O'Doherty MG, William N, Hamilton M, Søborg B, Krause TG, Bundle N, and Vestergaard LS
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- Adult, Humans, Europe epidemiology, Seasons, Influenza, Human epidemiology, COVID-19, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections epidemiology
- Abstract
Since the end of November 2023, the European Mortality Monitoring Network (EuroMOMO) has observed excess mortality in Europe. During weeks 48 2023-6 2024, preliminary results show a substantially increased rate of 95.3 (95% CI: 91.7-98.9) excess all-cause deaths per 100,000 person-years for all ages. This excess mortality is seen in adults aged 45 years and older, and coincides with widespread presence of COVID-19, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) observed in many European countries during the 2023/24 winter season.
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- 2024
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29. COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2 BA.1/BA.2 lineages among adults and adolescents in a multicentre primary care study, Europe, December 2021 to June 2022.
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Lanièce Delaunay C, Martínez-Baz I, Sève N, Domegan L, Mazagatos C, Buda S, Meijer A, Kislaya I, Pascu C, Carnahan A, Oroszi B, Ilić M, Maurel M, Melo A, Sandonis Martín V, Trobajo-Sanmartín C, Enouf V, McKenna A, Pérez-Gimeno G, Goerlitz L, de Lange M, Rodrigues AP, Lazar M, Latorre-Margalef N, Túri G, Castilla J, Falchi A, Bennett C, Gallardo V, Dürrwald R, Eggink D, Guiomar R, Popescu R, Riess M, Horváth JK, Casado I, García MDC, Hooiveld M, Machado A, Bacci S, Kaczmarek M, and Kissling E
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- Humans, Adolescent, Aged, COVID-19 Vaccines, SARS-CoV-2, BNT162 Vaccine, Vaccine Efficacy, Europe epidemiology, Primary Health Care, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Influenza, Human prevention & control
- Abstract
BackgroundScarce European data in early 2021 suggested lower vaccine effectiveness (VE) against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages than previous variants.AimWe aimed to estimate primary series (PS) and first booster VE against symptomatic BA.1/BA.2 infection and investigate potential biases.MethodsThis European test-negative multicentre study tested primary care patients with acute respiratory symptoms for SARS-CoV-2 in the BA.1/BA.2-dominant period. We estimated PS and booster VE among adults and adolescents (PS only) for all products combined and for Comirnaty alone, by time since vaccination, age and chronic condition. We investigated potential bias due to correlation between COVID-19 and influenza vaccination and explored effect modification and confounding by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.ResultsAmong adults, PS VE was 37% (95% CI: 24-47%) overall and 60% (95% CI: 44-72%), 43% (95% CI: 26-55%) and 29% (95% CI: 13-43%) < 90, 90-179 and ≥ 180 days post vaccination, respectively. Booster VE was 42% (95% CI: 32-51%) overall and 56% (95% CI: 47-64%), 22% (95% CI: 2-38%) and 3% (95% CI: -78% to 48%), respectively. Primary series VE was similar among adolescents. Restricting analyses to Comirnaty had little impact. Vaccine effectiveness was higher among older adults. There was no signal of bias due to correlation between COVID-19 and influenza vaccination. Confounding by previous infection was low, but sample size precluded definite assessment of effect modification.ConclusionPrimary series and booster VE against symptomatic infection with BA.1/BA.2 ranged from 37% to 42%, with similar waning post vaccination. Comprehensive data on previous SARS-CoV-2 infection would help disentangle vaccine- and infection-induced immunity.
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- 2024
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30. Vaccine effectiveness against influenza hospitalisation in adults during the 2022/2023 mixed season of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B circulation, Europe: VEBIS SARI VE hospital network.
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Rose AMC, Pozo F, Martínez-Baz I, Mazagatos C, Bossuyt N, Cauchi JP, Petrović G, Loghin II, Vaikutyte R, Buda S, Machado A, Duffy R, Oroszi B, Howard J, Echeverria A, Andreu C, Barbezange C, Džiugytė A, Nonković D, Popescu CP, Majauskaite F, Tolksdorf K, Gomez V, Domegan L, Horváth JK, Castilla J, García M, Demuyser T, Borg ML, Tabain I, Lazar M, Kubiliute I, Dürrwald R, Guiomar R, O'Donnell J, Kristóf K, Nicolay N, Bacci S, and Kissling E
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- Adult, Humans, Seasons, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype genetics, Case-Control Studies, Vaccine Efficacy, Europe epidemiology, Hospitalization, Hospitals, Vaccination, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Influenza, Human prevention & control, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype genetics, Influenza Vaccines, Pneumonia
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We conducted a multicentre hospital-based test-negative case-control study to measure vaccine effectiveness (VE) against PCR-confirmed influenza in adult patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) during the 2022/2023 influenza season in Europe. Among 5547 SARI patients ≥18 years, 2963 (53%) were vaccinated against influenza. Overall VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 11% (95% CI: -23-36); 20% (95% CI: -4-39) against A(H3N2) and 56% (95% CI: 22-75) against B. During the 2022/2023 season, while VE against hospitalisation with influenza B was >55%, it was ≤20% for influenza A subtypes. While influenza vaccination should be a priority for future seasons, improved vaccines against influenza are needed., (© 2024 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2024
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31. Influenza vaccine effectiveness in Europe: Results from the 2022-2023 VEBIS (Vaccine Effectiveness, Burden and Impact Studies) primary care multicentre study.
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Maurel M, Pozo F, Pérez-Gimeno G, Buda S, Sève N, Oroszi B, Hooiveld M, Gomez V, Domegan L, Martínez-Baz I, Ilić M, Carnahan AS, Mihai ME, Martínez A, Goerlitz L, Enouf V, Horváth JK, Dijkstra F, Rodrigues AP, Bennett C, Trobajo-Sanmartín C, Mlinarić I, Latorre-Margalef N, Ivanciuc A, Lopez A, Dürrwald R, Falchi A, Túri G, Meijer A, Melo A, O'Donnell J, Castilla J, Vučina VV, Hagey TS, Lazar M, Kaczmarek M, Bacci S, and Kissling E
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- Child, Humans, Europe epidemiology, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype genetics, Primary Health Care, Vaccine Efficacy, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Child, Preschool, Adolescent, Young Adult, Adult, Middle Aged, Influenza A virus, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype genetics, Influenza Vaccines, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Influenza, Human prevention & control
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Background: Influenza A(H3N2) viruses dominated early in the 2022-2023 influenza season in Europe, followed by higher circulation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B viruses. The VEBIS primary care network estimated the influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) using a multicentre test-negative study., Materials and Methods: Primary care practitioners collected information and specimens from patients consulting with acute respiratory infection. We measured VE against any influenza, influenza (sub)type and clade, by age group, by influenza vaccine target group and by time since vaccination, using logistic regression., Results: We included 38 058 patients, of which 3786 were influenza A(H3N2), 1548 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and 3275 influenza B cases. Against influenza A(H3N2), VE was 36% (95% CI: 25-45) among all ages and ranged between 30% and 52% by age group and target group. VE against influenza A(H3N2) clade 2b was 38% (95% CI: 25-49). Overall, VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 46% (95% CI: 35-56) and ranged between 29% and 59% by age group and target group. VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 clade 5a.2a was 56% (95% CI: 46-65) and 79% (95% CI: 64-88) against clade 5a.2a.1. VE against influenza B was 76% (95% CI: 70-81); overall, 84%, 72% and 71% were among 0-14-year-olds, 15-64-year-olds and those in the influenza vaccination target group, respectively. VE against influenza B with a position 197 mutation of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene was 79% (95% CI: 73-85) and 90% (95% CI: 85-94) without this mutation., Conclusion: The 2022-2023 end-of-season results from the VEBIS network at primary care level showed high VE among children and against influenza B, with lower VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2)., Competing Interests: None., (© 2024 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2024
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32. Seasonal and inter-seasonal RSV activity in the European Region during the COVID-19 pandemic from autumn 2020 to summer 2022.
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Meslé MMI, Sinnathamby M, Mook P, Pebody R, Lakhani A, Zambon M, Popovici O, Lazăr M, Ljubović AD, Vukmir NR, Altaş AB, Avci E, Łuniewska K, Szymański K, Gargasiene G, Muralyte S, Dziugyte A, Zahra G, Gonçalves AR, Spedaliero T, Fournier G, Alvarez-Vaca D, Petrović G, Tabain I, Prosenc K, Socan M, Protic J, Dimitrijevic D, Druc A, Apostol M, Kalasnikova KK, Nikisins S, Reiche J, Cai W, Meijer A, Teirlinck A, Larrauri A, Casas I, Enouf V, Vaux S, Lomholt FK, Trebbien R, Jirincova H, Sebestova H, Rózsa M, Molnár Z, Aspelund G, Baldvinsdottir GE, Cottrell S, Moore C, Kossyvakis A, Mellou K, Sadikova O, Tamm JK, Bossuyt N, Thomas I, Staroňová E, Kudasheva L, Pleshkov B, Ikonen N, Helve O, Dickson E, Curran T, Komissarova K, Stolyarov K, Vysotskaya V, Shmialiova N, Rakočević B, Vujošević D, Abovyan R, Sargsyan S, Zakhashvili K, Machablishvili A, Koshalko O, Demchyshyna I, Mandelboim M, Glatman-Freedman A, Gunson R, Karanwal S, Guiomar R, Rodrigues AP, Bennett C, Domegan L, Kalaveshi A, Jakupi X, Ovliyakulova G, Korsun N, and Vladimirova N
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- Humans, Seasons, Pandemics, Population Surveillance, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 epidemiology, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections epidemiology
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Background: The emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in early 2020 and subsequent implementation of public health and social measures (PHSM) disrupted the epidemiology of respiratory viruses. This work describes the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) observed during two winter seasons (weeks 40-20) and inter-seasonal periods (weeks 21-39) during the pandemic between October 2020 and September 2022., Methods: Using data submitted to The European Surveillance System (TESSy) by countries or territories in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region between weeks 40/2020 and 39/2022, we aggregated country-specific weekly RSV counts of sentinel, non-sentinel and Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) surveillance specimens and calculated percentage positivity. Results for both 2020/21 and 2021/22 seasons and inter-seasons were compared with pre-pandemic 2016/17 to 2019/20 seasons and inter-seasons., Results: Although more specimens were tested than in pre-COVID-19 pandemic seasons, very few RSV detections were reported during the 2020/21 season in all surveillance systems. During the 2021 inter-season, a gradual increase in detections was observed in all systems. In 2021/22, all systems saw early peaks of RSV infection, and during the 2022 inter-seasonal period, patterns of detections were closer to those seen before the COVID-19 pandemic., Conclusion: RSV surveillance continued throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, with an initial reduction in transmission, followed by very high and out-of-season RSV circulation (summer 2021) and then an early start of the 2021/22 season. As of the 2022/23 season, RSV circulation had not yet normalised., Competing Interests: The following authors declare having received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI): Adam Meijer (The Netherlands) and Anne Teirlinck (The Netherlands). All other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (© 2023 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2023
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33. Vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 hospitalisation in adults (≥ 20 years) during Omicron-dominant circulation: I-MOVE-COVID-19 and VEBIS SARI VE networks, Europe, 2021 to 2022.
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Rose AM, Nicolay N, Sandonis Martín V, Mazagatos C, Petrović G, Baruch J, Denayer S, Seyler L, Domegan L, Launay O, Machado A, Burgui C, Vaikutyte R, Niessen FA, Loghin II, Husa P, Aouali N, Panagiotakopoulos G, Tolksdorf K, Horváth JK, Howard J, Pozo F, Gallardo V, Nonković D, Džiugytė A, Bossuyt N, Demuyser T, Duffy R, Luong Nguyen LB, Kislaya I, Martínez-Baz I, Gefenaite G, Knol MJ, Popescu C, Součková L, Simon M, Michelaki S, Reiche J, Ferenczi A, Delgado-Sanz C, Lovrić Makarić Z, Cauchi JP, Barbezange C, Van Nedervelde E, O'Donnell J, Durier C, Guiomar R, Castilla J, Jonikaite I, Bruijning-Verhagen PC, Lazar M, Demlová R, Wirtz G, Amerali M, Dürrwald R, Kunstár MP, Kissling E, Bacci S, and Valenciano M
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- Humans, Adult, COVID-19 Vaccines, Vaccine Efficacy, SARS-CoV-2, Hospitalization, Europe epidemiology, RNA, Messenger, COVID-19 prevention & control, Pneumonia
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IntroductionThe I-MOVE-COVID-19 and VEBIS hospital networks have been measuring COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) in participating European countries since early 2021.AimWe aimed to measure VE against PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in patients ≥ 20 years hospitalised with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) from December 2021 to July 2022 (Omicron-dominant period).MethodsIn both networks, 46 hospitals (13 countries) follow a similar test-negative case-control protocol. We defined complete primary series vaccination (PSV) and first booster dose vaccination as last dose of either vaccine received ≥ 14 days before symptom onset (stratifying first booster into received < 150 and ≥ 150 days after last PSV dose). We measured VE overall, by vaccine category/product, age group and time since first mRNA booster dose, adjusting by site as a fixed effect, and by swab date, age, sex, and presence/absence of at least one commonly collected chronic condition.ResultsWe included 2,779 cases and 2,362 controls. The VE of all vaccine products combined against hospitalisation for laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 was 43% (95% CI: 29-54) for complete PSV (with last dose received ≥ 150 days before onset), while it was 59% (95% CI: 51-66) after addition of one booster dose. The VE was 85% (95% CI: 78-89), 70% (95% CI: 61-77) and 36% (95% CI: 17-51) for those with onset 14-59 days, 60-119 days and 120-179 days after booster vaccination, respectively.ConclusionsOur results suggest that, during the Omicron period, observed VE against SARI hospitalisation improved with first mRNA booster dose, particularly for those having symptom onset < 120 days after first booster dose.
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- 2023
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34. Vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 hospitalisation in adults (≥ 20 years) during Alpha- and Delta-dominant circulation: I-MOVE-COVID-19 and VEBIS SARI VE networks, Europe, 2021.
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Rose AM, Nicolay N, Sandonis Martín V, Mazagatos C, Petrović G, Niessen FA, Machado A, Launay O, Denayer S, Seyler L, Baruch J, Burgui C, Loghin II, Domegan L, Vaikutytė R, Husa P, Panagiotakopoulos G, Aouali N, Dürrwald R, Howard J, Pozo F, Sastre-Palou B, Nonković D, Knol MJ, Kislaya I, Luong Nguyen LB, Bossuyt N, Demuyser T, Džiugytė A, Martínez-Baz I, Popescu C, Duffy R, Kuliešė M, Součková L, Michelaki S, Simon M, Reiche J, Otero-Barrós MT, Lovrić Makarić Z, Bruijning-Verhagen PC, Gomez V, Lesieur Z, Barbezange C, Van Nedervelde E, Borg ML, Castilla J, Lazar M, O'Donnell J, Jonikaitė I, Demlová R, Amerali M, Wirtz G, Tolksdorf K, Valenciano M, Bacci S, and Kissling E
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- Humans, Adult, BNT162 Vaccine, RNA, Viral, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccine Efficacy, Hospitalization, Europe epidemiology, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control
- Abstract
IntroductionTwo large multicentre European hospital networks have estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19 since 2021.AimWe aimed to measure VE against PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalised severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) patients ≥ 20 years, combining data from these networks during Alpha (March-June)- and Delta (June-December)-dominant periods, 2021.MethodsForty-six participating hospitals across 14 countries follow a similar generic protocol using the test-negative case-control design. We defined complete primary series vaccination (PSV) as two doses of a two-dose or one of a single-dose vaccine ≥ 14 days before onset.ResultsWe included 1,087 cases (538 controls) and 1,669 cases (1,442 controls) in the Alpha- and Delta-dominant periods, respectively. During the Alpha period, VE against hospitalisation with SARS-CoV2 for complete Comirnaty PSV was 85% (95% CI: 69-92) overall and 75% (95% CI: 42-90) in those aged ≥ 80 years. During the Delta period, among SARI patients ≥ 20 years with symptom onset ≥ 150 days from last PSV dose, VE for complete Comirnaty PSV was 54% (95% CI: 18-74). Among those receiving Comirnaty PSV and mRNA booster (any product) ≥ 150 days after last PSV dose, VE was 91% (95% CI: 57-98). In time-since-vaccination analysis, complete all-product PSV VE was > 90% in those with their last dose < 90 days before onset; ≥ 70% in those 90-179 days before onset.ConclusionsOur results from this EU multi-country hospital setting showed that VE for complete PSV alone was higher in the Alpha- than the Delta-dominant period, and addition of a first booster dose during the latter period increased VE to over 90%.
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- 2023
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35. Point of care detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and neutralisation capacity-lateral flow immunoassay evaluation compared to commercial assay to inform potential role in therapeutic and surveillance practices.
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McGrath J, O'Doherty L, Conlon N, Dunne J, Brady G, Ibrahim A, McCormack W, Walsh C, Domegan L, Walsh S, Kenny C, Allen N, Fleming C, and Bergin C
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- Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Point-of-Care Systems, Pandemics, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, Cross-Sectional Studies, Antibodies, Viral, Immunoassay methods, COVID-19 diagnosis
- Abstract
Introduction: As the COVID-19 pandemic moves towards endemic status, testing strategies are being de-escalated. A rapid and effective point of care test (POCT) assessment of SARS-CoV-2 immune responses can inform clinical decision-making and epidemiological monitoring of the disease. This cross-sectional seroprevalence study of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Irish healthcare workers assessed how rapid anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing can be compared to a standard laboratory assay, discusses its effectiveness in neutralisation assessment and its uses into the future of the pandemic., Methods: A point of care lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (S)-receptor binding domain (RBD) neutralising antibodies (Healgen SARS-CoV-2 neutralising Antibody Rapid Test Cassette) was compared to the Roche Elecsys/-S anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays and an in vitro surrogate neutralisation assay. A correlation between anti-spike (S), anti-nucleocapsid (N) titres, and in vitro neutralisation was also assessed., Results: 1,777 serology samples were tested using Roche Elecsys/-S anti-SARS-CoV-2 assays to detect total anti-N/S antibodies. 1,562 samples were tested using the POC LFA (including 50 negative controls), and 90 samples were tested using an in vitro ACE2-RBD binding inhibition surrogate neutralisation assay. The POCT demonstrated 97.7% sensitivity, 100% specificity, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 100%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 61% in comparison to the commercial assay. Anti-S antibody titres determined by the Roche assay stratified by the POC LFA result groups demonstrated statistically significant differences between the "Positive" and "Negative" LFA groups ( p < 0.0001) and the "Weak Positive" and "Positive" LFA groups ( p < 0.0001). No statistically significant difference in ACE2-RBD binding inhibition was demonstrated when stratified by the LFA POC results. A positive, statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between the in vitro pseudo-neutralisation assay results and anti-S antibody titres (rho 0.423, p < 0.001) and anti-N antibody titres (rho = 0.55, p < 0.0001)., Conclusion: High sensitivity, specificity, and PPV were demonstrated for the POC LFA for the detection of anti-S-RBD antibodies in comparison to the commercial assay. The LFA was not a reliable determinant of the neutralisation capacity of identified antibodies. POC LFA are useful tools in sero-epidemiology settings, pandemic preparedness and may act as supportive tools in treatment decisions through the rapid identification of anti-Spike antibodies., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 McGrath, O'Doherty, Conlon, Dunne, Brady, Ibrahim, McCormack, Walsh, Domegan, Walsh, Kenny, Allen, Fleming and Bergin.)
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- 2023
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36. Establishing severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) surveillance in a sentinel hospital, Ireland, 2021 to 2022.
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Brady M, Duffy R, Domegan L, Salmon A, Maharjan B, O'Broin C, Bennett C, Christle J, Connell J, Feeney L, Nurdin N, Mallon P, Doran P, McNamara R, O'Grady S, McDermott S, Petty-Saphon N, and O'Donnell J
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- Adult, Humans, Infant, Ireland epidemiology, Pandemics, RNA, Viral genetics, Sentinel Surveillance, SARS-CoV-2 genetics, Hospitals, Influenza, Human diagnosis, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Respiratory Tract Infections diagnosis, Respiratory Tract Infections epidemiology, COVID-19 epidemiology, Pneumonia epidemiology, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections diagnosis, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections epidemiology
- Abstract
BackgroundIn 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) accelerated development of European-level severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) surveillance.AimWe aimed to establish SARI surveillance in one Irish hospital as part of a European network E-SARI-NET.MethodsWe used routine emergency department records to identify cases in one adult acute hospital. The SARI case definition was adapted from the ECDC clinical criteria for a possible COVID-19 case. Clinical data were collected using an online questionnaire. Cases were tested for SARS-CoV-2, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), including whole genome sequencing (WGS) on SARS-CoV-2 RNA-positive samples and viral characterisation/sequencing on influenza RNA-positive samples. Descriptive analysis was conducted for SARI cases hospitalised between July 2021 and April 2022.ResultsOverall, we identified 437 SARI cases, the incidence ranged from two to 28 cases per week (0.7-9.2/100,000 hospital catchment population). Of 431 cases tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, 226 (52%) were positive. Of 349 (80%) cases tested for influenza and RSV RNA, 15 (4.3%) were positive for influenza and eight (2.3%) for RSV. Using WGS, we identified Delta- and Omicron-dominant periods. The resource-intensive nature of manual clinical data collection, specimen management and laboratory supply shortages for influenza and RSV testing were challenging.ConclusionWe successfully established SARI surveillance as part of E-SARI-NET. Expansion to additional sentinel sites is planned following formal evaluation of the existing system. SARI surveillance requires multidisciplinary collaboration, automated data collection where possible, and dedicated personnel resources, including for specimen management.
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- 2023
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37. Social network and genomic analysis of an OXA-48 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales hospital ward outbreak in Ireland, 2018-2019.
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Domegan L, Brehony C, Fitzpatrick F, O'Connell K, Dinesh B, Cafferkey J, and Burns K
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Background: Nosocomial transmission and outbreaks of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) represent a challenge to healthcare systems. In July 2018, a CPE hospital ward outbreak was declared. Our aim was to investigate transmission patterns, using social network analysis and genomics in a nosocomial CPE outbreak., Methods: A retrospective descriptive analysis of all patients (cases and contacts) admitted to a ward experiencing a CPE outbreak (2018-2019) was undertaken. A case had a negative CPE admission screen, and subsequent positive test. A contact shared a multi-bed area and/or facility with a case (>4 hours). Social networks, including genomics data and ward locations, were constructed. Network metrics were analysed., Findings: Forty-five cases and 844 contacts were analysed. The median age of cases was 78 years (IQR 67-83), 58% (n=26) were male and 100% had co-morbidities. The median outbreak ward length-of-stay (LOS) was 17 days (IQR 10-34). OXA-48 CPE was confirmed in all cases and from 26 environmental samples. Social networks identified clusters by time, gender and species/sequence type/plasmid. Network metrics indicated potential superspreading involving a subset of patients with behavioural issues., Conclusion: Social networks elucidated high resolution transmission patterns involving two related OXA-48 plasmids, multiple species/genotypes and potential super-spreading. Interventions prevented intra-hospital spread. An older patient cohort, extended hospital LOS and frequent intra-ward bed transfers, coupled with suboptimal ward infrastructure, likely prolonged this outbreak. We recommend social network analysis contemporaneously with genomics (on case and environmental samples) for complex nosocomial outbreaks and bespoke care plans for patients with behavioural issues on outbreak wards., (© 2023 The Authors.)
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- 2023
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38. An intercountry comparison of the impact of the paediatric live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) programme across the UK and the Republic of Ireland (ROI), 2010 to 2017.
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Sinnathamby MA, Warburton F, Reynolds AJ, Cottrell S, O'Doherty M, Domegan L, O'Donnell J, Johnston J, Yonova I, Elgohari S, Boddington NL, Andrews N, Ellis J, de Lusignan S, McMenamin J, and Pebody RG
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- Child, Humans, Child, Preschool, United Kingdom epidemiology, England epidemiology, Vaccination, Vaccines, Attenuated, Seasons, Influenza Vaccines, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Influenza, Human prevention & control
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Background: The universal paediatric live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) programme commenced in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2013/2014. Since 2014/2015, all pre-school and primary school children in Scotland and Northern Ireland have been offered the vaccine. England and Wales incrementally introduced the programme with additional school age cohorts being vaccinated each season. The Republic of Ireland (ROI) had no universal paediatric programme before 2017. We evaluated the potential population impact of vaccinating primary school-aged children across the five countries up to the 2016/2017 influenza season., Methods: We compared rates of primary care influenza-like illness (ILI) consultations, confirmed influenza intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and all-cause excess mortality using standardised methods. To further quantify the impact, a scoring system was developed where each weekly rate/z-score was scored and summed across each influenza season according to the weekly respective threshold experienced in each country., Results: Results highlight ILI consultation rates in the four seasons' post-programme, breached baseline thresholds once or not at all in Scotland and Northern Ireland; in three out of the four seasons in England and Wales; and in all four seasons in ROI. No differences were observed in the seasons' post-programme introduction between countries in rates of ICU and excess mortality, although reductions in influenza-related mortality were seen. The scoring system also reflected similar results overall., Conclusions: Findings of this study suggest that LAIV vaccination of primary school age children is associated with population-level benefits, particularly in reducing infection incidence in primary care., Competing Interests: Simon de Lusignan has received funding through his university for vaccine‐related research from AstraZeneca, GSK, Sanofi, Seqirus and Takeda and has been a member of advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Sanofi and Seqirus. No conflicts of interest are declared for the other authors., (© 2023 Crown copyright and The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This article is published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the King's Printer for Scotland.)
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- 2023
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39. SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology, antibody dynamics, and neutralisation capacity in Irish healthcare workers in the era of booster COVID-19 vaccinations.
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McGrath J, Kenny C, Nielsen CS, Domegan L, Walsh C, Rooney P, Walsh S, Conlon N, Brady G, Ibrahim A, Dunne J, McCormack W, Corcoran N, Allen N, Fleming C, and Bergin C
- Abstract
Background: The PRECISE Study, a multi-phase cross-sectional seroprevalence study of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Irish healthcare workers (HCW) investigated: (1) risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity, (2) the durability of antibody responses in a highly vaccinated HCW cohort, and (3) the neutralisation capacity of detected antibodies, prior to booster COVID-19 vaccination., Materials and Methods: Serology samples were collected across two hospital sites in November 2021 and analysed using the Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2/Elecsys-S Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assays to detect anti-nucleocapsid (N) and anti-spike (S) antibodies respectively. Paired serology results from prior study phases were used to analyse changes in individual HCW serostatus over time. Risk-factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection were assessed for demographic and work-related factors. Antibody neutralisation capacity was assessed in a subset of samples via an in vitro ACE2 binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay., Results: 2,344 HCW samples were analysed. Median age was 43 years (IQR 33-50) with 80.5% ( n = 1,886) female participants. Irish (78.9%, n = 1,850) and Asian (12.3%, n = 288) were the most commonly reported ethnicities. Nursing/midwifery (39.3%, n = 922) was the most common job role. 97.7% of participants were fully vaccinated, with Pfizer (81.1%, n = 1,902) and AstraZeneca (16.1%, n = 377) the most common vaccines received. Seroprevalence for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies indicating prior infection was 23.4%, of these 33.6% represented previously undiagnosed infections. All vaccinated participants demonstrated positive anti-S antibodies and in those with paired serology, no individual demonstrated loss of previously positive anti-S status below assay threshold for positivity. Interval loss of anti-N antibody positivity was demonstrated in 8.8% of previously positive participants with paired results. Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity suggestive of previous infection included age 18-29 years (aRR 1.50, 95% CI 1.19-1.90, p < 0.001), India as country of birth (aRR 1.35, 95% CI 1.01-1.73, p = 0.036), lower education level (aRR 1.35, 95% CI 1.11-1.66, p = 0.004) and HCA job role (aRR 2.12, 95% CI 1.51-2.95, p < 0.001). Antibody neutralisation varied significantly by anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody status, with highest levels noted in those anti-N positive, in particular those with vaccination plus previous SARS-CoV-2 infection., Conclusion: All vaccinated HCWs maintained anti-S positivity prior to COVID-19 booster vaccination, however anti-N positivity was more dynamic over time. Antibody neutralisation capacity was highest in participants with COVID-19 vaccination plus prior SARS-CoV-2 infection., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 McGrath, Kenny, Nielsen, Domegan, Walsh, Rooney, Walsh, Conlon, Brady, Ibrahim, Dunne, McCormack, Corcoran, Allen, Fleming and Bergin.)
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- 2023
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40. Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza A subtypes in Europe: Results from the 2021-2022 I-MOVE primary care multicentre study.
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Kissling E, Pozo F, Martínez-Baz I, Buda S, Vilcu AM, Domegan L, Mazagatos C, Dijkstra F, Latorre-Margalef N, Kurečić Filipović S, Machado A, Lazar M, Casado I, Dürrwald R, van der Werf S, O'Donnell J, Linares Dopido JA, Meijer A, Riess M, Višekruna Vučina V, Rodrigues AP, Mihai ME, Castilla J, Goerlitz L, Falchi A, Connell J, Castrillejo D, Hooiveld M, Carnahan A, Ilić M, Guiomar R, Ivanciuc A, Maurel M, Omokanye A, and Valenciano M
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- Humans, Case-Control Studies, Europe epidemiology, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype genetics, Primary Health Care, Vaccination, Vaccine Efficacy, Male, Female, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Child, Preschool, Child, Adolescent, Young Adult, Adult, Middle Aged, Aged, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Influenza Vaccines, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Influenza, Human prevention & control
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Background: In 2021-2022, influenza A viruses dominated in Europe. The I-MOVE primary care network conducted a multicentre test-negative study to measure influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE)., Methods: Primary care practitioners collected information on patients presenting with acute respiratory infection. Cases were influenza A(H3N2) or A(H1N1)pdm09 RT-PCR positive, and controls were influenza virus negative. We calculated VE using logistic regression, adjusting for study site, age, sex, onset date, and presence of chronic conditions., Results: Between week 40 2021 and week 20 2022, we included over 11 000 patients of whom 253 and 1595 were positive for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2), respectively. Overall VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 75% (95% CI: 43-89) and 81% (95% CI: 45-93) among those aged 15-64 years. Overall VE against influenza A(H3N2) was 29% (95% CI: 12-42) and 25% (95% CI: -41 to 61), 33% (95% CI: 14-49), and 26% (95% CI: -22 to 55) among those aged 0-14, 15-64, and over 65 years, respectively. The A(H3N2) VE among the influenza vaccination target group was 20% (95% CI: -6 to 39). All 53 sequenced A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses belonged to clade 6B.1A.5a.1. Among 410 sequenced influenza A(H3N2) viruses, all but eight belonged to clade 3C.2a1b.2a.2., Discussion: Despite antigenic mismatch between vaccine and circulating strains for influenza A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09, 2021-2022 VE estimates against circulating influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 were the highest within the I-MOVE network since the 2009 influenza pandemic. VE against A(H3N2) was lower than A(H1N1)pdm09, but at least one in five individuals vaccinated against influenza were protected against presentation to primary care with laboratory-confirmed influenza., (© 2022 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2023
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41. Effect of neuraminidase inhibitor (oseltamivir) treatment on outcome of hospitalised influenza patients, surveillance data from 11 EU countries, 2010 to 2020.
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Adlhoch C, Delgado-Sanz C, Carnahan A, Larrauri A, Popovici O, Bossuyt N, Thomas I, Kynčl J, Slezak P, Brytting M, Guiomar R, Redlberger-Fritz M, Maistre Melillo J, Melillo T, van Gageldonk-Lafeber AB, Marbus SD, O'Donnell J, Domegan L, Gomes Dias J, and Olsen SJ
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- Humans, Aged, Neuraminidase, Hospital Mortality, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Enzyme Inhibitors therapeutic use, Guanidines therapeutic use, Zanamivir therapeutic use, Treatment Outcome, Oseltamivir therapeutic use, Influenza, Human drug therapy, Influenza, Human epidemiology
- Abstract
BackgroundTimely treatment with neuraminidase inhibitors (NAI) can reduce severe outcomes in influenza patients.AimWe assessed the impact of antiviral treatment on in-hospital deaths of laboratory-confirmed influenza patients in 11 European Union countries from 2010/11 to 2019/20.MethodsCase-based surveillance data from hospitalised patients with known age, sex, outcome, ward, vaccination status, timing of antiviral treatment, and hospitalisation were obtained. A mixed effect logistic regression model using country as random intercept was applied to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for in-hospital death in patients treated with NAIs vs not treated.ResultsOf 19,937 patients, 31% received NAIs within 48 hours of hospital admission. Older age (60-79 years aOR 3.0, 95% CI: 2.4-3.8; 80 years 8.3 (6.6-10.5)) and intensive care unit admission (3.8, 95% CI: 3.4-4.2) increased risk of dying, while early hospital admission after symptom onset decreased risk (aOR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.90-0.93). NAI treatment initiation within 48 hours and up to 7 days reduced risk of dying (0-48 hours aOR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.45-0.59; 3-4 days 0.59 (0.51-0.67); 5-7 days 0.64 (0.56-0.74)), in particular in patients 40 years and older (e.g. treatment within 48 hours: 40-59 years aOR 0.43, 95% CI: 0.28-0.66; 60-79 years 0.50 (0.39-0.63); ≥80 years 0.51 (0.42-0.63)).ConclusionNAI treatment given within 48 hours and possibly up to 7 days after symptom onset reduced risk of in-hospital death. NAI treatment should be considered in older patients to prevent severe outcomes.
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- 2023
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42. Effectiveness of complete primary vaccination against COVID-19 at primary care and community level during predominant Delta circulation in Europe: multicentre analysis, I-MOVE-COVID-19 and ECDC networks, July to August 2021.
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Kissling E, Hooiveld M, Martínez-Baz I, Mazagatos C, William N, Vilcu AM, Kooijman MN, Ilić M, Domegan L, Machado A, de Lusignan S, Lazar M, Meijer A, Brytting M, Casado I, Larrauri A, Murray JK, Behillil S, de Gier B, Mlinarić I, O'Donnell J, Rodrigues AP, Tsang R, Timnea O, de Lange M, Riess M, Castilla J, Pozo F, Hamilton M, Falchi A, Knol MJ, Kurečić Filipović S, Dunford L, Guiomar R, Cogdale J, Cherciu C, Jansen T, Enkirch T, Basile L, Connell J, Gomez V, Sandonis Martín V, Bacci S, Rose AM, Pastore Celentano L, and Valenciano M
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- COVID-19 Vaccines, Europe epidemiology, Humans, Primary Health Care, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccination, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control, Influenza Vaccines, Influenza, Human prevention & control
- Abstract
IntroductionIn July and August 2021, the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant dominated in Europe.AimUsing a multicentre test-negative study, we measured COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against symptomatic infection.MethodsIndividuals with COVID-19 or acute respiratory symptoms at primary care/community level in 10 European countries were tested for SARS-CoV-2. We measured complete primary course overall VE by vaccine brand and by time since vaccination.ResultsOverall VE was 74% (95% CI: 69-79), 76% (95% CI: 71-80), 63% (95% CI: 48-75) and 63% (95% CI: 16-83) among those aged 30-44, 45-59, 60-74 and ≥ 75 years, respectively. VE among those aged 30-59 years was 78% (95% CI: 75-81), 66% (95% CI: 58-73), 91% (95% CI: 87-94) and 52% (95% CI: 40-61), for Comirnaty, Vaxzevria, Spikevax and COVID-19 Vaccine Janssen, respectively. VE among people 60 years and older was 67% (95% CI: 52-77), 65% (95% CI: 48-76) and 83% (95% CI: 64-92) for Comirnaty, Vaxzevria and Spikevax, respectively. Comirnaty VE among those aged 30-59 years was 87% (95% CI: 83-89) at 14-29 days and 65% (95% CI: 56-71%) at ≥ 90 days between vaccination and onset of symptoms.ConclusionsVE against symptomatic infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant varied among brands, ranging from 52% to 91%. While some waning of the vaccine effect may be present (sample size limited this analysis to only Comirnaty), protection was 65% at 90 days or more between vaccination and onset.
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- 2022
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43. Health and economic impact of seasonal influenza mass vaccination strategies in European settings: A mathematical modelling and cost-effectiveness analysis.
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Sandmann FG, van Leeuwen E, Bernard-Stoecklin S, Casado I, Castilla J, Domegan L, Gherasim A, Hooiveld M, Kislaya I, Larrauri A, Levy-Bruhl D, Machado A, Marques DFP, Martínez-Baz I, Mazagatos C, McMenamin J, Meijer A, Murray JLK, Nunes B, O'Donnell J, Reynolds A, Thorrington D, Pebody R, and Baguelin M
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- Aged, Child, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Humans, Mass Vaccination, Middle Aged, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Seasons, Vaccination, Influenza Vaccines, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Influenza, Human prevention & control
- Abstract
Introduction: Despite seasonal influenza vaccination programmes in most countries targeting individuals aged ≥ 65 (or ≥ 55) years and high risk-groups, significant disease burden remains. We explored the impact and cost-effectiveness of 27 vaccination programmes targeting the elderly and/or children in eight European settings (n = 205.8 million)., Methods: We used an age-structured dynamic-transmission model to infer age- and (sub-)type-specific seasonal influenza virus infections calibrated to England, France, Ireland, Navarra, The Netherlands, Portugal, Scotland, and Spain between 2010/11 and 2017/18. The base-case vaccination scenario consisted of non-adjuvanted, non-high dose trivalent vaccines (TV) and no universal paediatric vaccination. We explored i) moving the elderly to "improved" (i.e., adjuvanted or high-dose) trivalent vaccines (iTV) or non-adjuvanted non-high-dose quadrivalent vaccines (QV); ii) adopting mass paediatric vaccination with TV or QV; and iii) combining the elderly and paediatric strategies. We estimated setting-specific costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained from the healthcare perspective, and discounted QALYs at 3.0%., Results: In the elderly, the estimated numbers of infection per 100,000 population are reduced by a median of 261.5 (range across settings: 154.4, 475.7) when moving the elderly to iTV and by 150.8 (77.6, 262.3) when moving them to QV. Through indirect protection, adopting mass paediatric programmes with 25% uptake achieves similar reductions in the elderly of 233.6 using TV (range: 58.9, 425.6) or 266.5 using QV (65.7, 477.9), with substantial health gains from averted infections across ages. At €35,000/QALY gained, moving the elderly to iTV plus adopting mass paediatric QV programmes provides the highest mean net benefits and probabilities of being cost-effective in all settings and paediatric coverage levels., Conclusion: Given the direct and indirect protection, and depending on the vaccine prices, model results support a combination of having moved the elderly to an improved vaccine and adopting universal paediatric vaccination programmes across the European settings., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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44. Prevalence of Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Following Natural Infection and Vaccination in Irish Hospital Healthcare Workers: Changing Epidemiology as the Pandemic Progresses.
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Allen N, Brady M, Ni Riain U, Conlon N, Domegan L, Carrion Martin AI, Walsh C, Doherty L, Higgins E, Kerr C, Bergin C, and Fleming C
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Background: In October 2020 SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among hospital healthcare workers (HCW) of two Irish hospitals was 15 and 4. 1%, respectively. We compare seroprevalence in the same HCW population 6 months later, assess changes in risk factors for seropositivity with progression of the pandemic and serological response to vaccination., Methods: All staff of both hospitals ( N = 9,038) were invited to participate in an online questionnaire and SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing in April 2021. We measured anti-nucleocapsid and anti-spike antibodies. Frequencies and percentages for positive SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were calculated and adjusted relative risks for participant characteristics were calculated using multivariable regression analysis., Results: Five thousand and eighty-five HCW participated. Seroprevalence increased to 21 and 13%, respectively; 26% of infections were previously undiagnosed. Black ethnicity (aRR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.2, p < 0.001), lower level of education (aRR 1.4 for secondary level education, 95% CI 1.1-1.8, p = 0.002), living with other HCW (aRR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0-1.4, p = 0.007) were significantly associated with seropositivity. Having direct patient contact also carried a significant risk being a healthcare assistant (aRR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3-2.3, p < 0.001), being a nurse (aRR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-1.8, p = 0.022), daily contact with COVID-19 patients (aRR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.7, p = 0.002), daily contact with patients without suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (aRR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.5, p = 0.013). Breakthrough infection occurred in 23/4,111(0.6%) of fully vaccinated participants; all had anti-S antibodies., Conclusion: The increase in seroprevalence reflects the magnitude of the third wave of the pandemic in Ireland. Genomic sequencing is needed to apportion risk to the workplace vs. the household/community. Concerted efforts are needed to mitigate risk factors due to ethnicity and lower level of education, even at this stage of the pandemic. The undiagnosed and breakthrough infections call for ongoing infection prevention and control measures and testing of HCW in the setting of close contact. Vaccinated HCW with confirmed infection should be actively assessed, including SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing (WGS), serology testing and assessment of host determinants, to advance understanding of the reasons for breakthrough infection., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Allen, Brady, Ni Riain, Conlon, Domegan, Carrion Martin, Walsh, Doherty, Higgins, Kerr, Bergin and Fleming.)
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- 2022
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45. Establishing a COVID-19 pandemic severity assessment surveillance system in Ireland.
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Domegan L, Garvey P, McEnery M, Fiegenbaum R, Brabazon E, Quintyne KI, O'Connor L, Cuddihy J, and O'Donnell J
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- Humans, Ireland epidemiology, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Influenza, Human diagnosis, Influenza, Human epidemiology
- Abstract
We developed a COVID-19 pandemic severity assessment (PSA) monitoring system in Ireland, in order to inform and improve public health preparedness, response and recovery. The system based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Pandemic Influenza Severity Assessment (PISA) project included a panel of surveillance parameters for the following indicators: transmissibility, impact and disease severity. Age-specific thresholds were established for each parameter and data visualised using heat maps. The findings from the first pandemic wave in Ireland have shown that the WHO PISA system can be adapted for COVID-19, providing a standardised tool for early warning and monitoring pandemic severity., (© 2021 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2022
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46. Molecular epidemiology of an extended multiple-species OXA-48 CPE outbreak in a hospital ward in Ireland, 2018-2019.
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Brehony C, Domegan L, Foley M, Fitzpatrick M, Cafferkey JP, O'Connell K, Dinesh B, McNamara E, Duffy F, Fitzpatrick F, and Burns K
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Objectives: Molecular epidemiological description of an OXA-48 CPE outbreak affecting a tertiary-care hospital ward in Ireland over an extended period (2018-2019)., Methods: Microbiological testing and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were performed on all 56 positive OXA-48 outbreak case isolates., Results: In total, 7 different species were identified: Enterobacter hormaechei (n = 35, 62.5%), Escherichia coli (n = 12, 21.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 5, 8.9%), Klebsiella oxytoca (n = 1, 1.8%), Klebsiella michiganensis (n = 1, 1.8%), Citrobacter freundii (n = 1, 1.8%), and Serratia marcesens (n = 1, 1.8%). E. hormaechei ST78 was the most common genotype (n = 14, 25%). Two major pOXA-48 plasmid types were identified throughout the outbreak, 'types' 1 and 2, and 5 major E. hormaechei clonal groupings were identified: ST78, ST108, ST1126, ST135, and ST66. Within each of the ST108, ST1126, ST135 and ST66 groups, the pOXA-48 harbored within each isolate were the same. Within ST78, 9 isolates contained the pOXA48 'type 2' plasmid and 5 contained the 'type 1' plasmid. Environmental specimens were taken from different outbreak ward locations: handwash basins, sink and shower drains, and taps. Of 394 environmental specimens, OXA-48 CPE was isolated from 26 (6.6%)., Conclusions: This prolonged outbreak of OXA-48 CPE was confined to one ward, but it exemplifies the complexity and difficulty in the control of these organisms. With multiple species and genotypes involved, they may be better described as 'plasmid outbreaks.' WGS provided insights into this diversity and potential transmission among cases, though its usefulness would be enhanced by analysis as close as possible to real time so that interventions can be implemented as soon as data are available., (© The Author(s) 2021.)
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- 2021
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47. Geocoding cryptosporidiosis cases in Ireland (2008-2017)-development of a reliable, reproducible, multiphase geocoding methodology.
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Domegan L, Garvey P, McKeown P, Johnson H, Hynds P, O'Dwyer J, and ÓhAiseadha C
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- Censuses, Geographic Information Systems, Humans, Ireland epidemiology, Cryptosporidiosis diagnosis, Cryptosporidiosis epidemiology, Geographic Mapping
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Background: Geocoding (the process of converting a text address into spatial data) quality may affect geospatial epidemiological study findings. No national standards for best geocoding practice exist in Ireland. Irish postcodes (Eircodes) are not routinely recorded for infectious disease notifications and > 35% of dwellings have non-unique addresses. This may result in incomplete geocoding and introduce systematic errors into studies., Aims: This study aimed to develop a reliable and reproducible methodology to geocode cryptosporidiosis notifications to fine-resolution spatial units (Census 2016 Small Areas), to enhance data validity and completeness, thus improving geospatial epidemiological studies., Methods: A protocol was devised to utilise geocoding tools developed by the Health Service Executive's Health Intelligence Unit. Geocoding employed finite-string automated and manual matching, undertaken sequentially in three additive phases. The protocol was applied to a cryptosporidiosis notification dataset (2008-2017) from Ireland's Computerised Infectious Disease Reporting System. Outputs were validated against devised criteria., Results: Overall, 92.1% (4266/4633) of cases were successfully geocoded to one Small Area, and 95.5% (n = 4425) to larger spatial units. The proportion of records geocoded increased by 14% using the multiphase approach, with 5% of records re-assigned to a different spatial unit., Conclusions: The developed multiphase protocol improved the completeness and validity of geocoding, thus increasing the power of subsequent studies. The authors recommend capturing Eircodes ideally using application programming interface for infectious disease or other health-related datasets, for more efficient and reliable geocoding. Where Eircodes are not recorded/available, for best geocoding practice, we recommend this (or a similar) quality driven protocol., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
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- 2021
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48. SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Testing in Health Care Workers: A Comparison of the Clinical Performance of Three Commercially Available Antibody Assays.
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Allen N, Brady M, Carrion Martin AI, Domegan L, Walsh C, Houlihan E, Kerr C, Doherty L, King J, Doheny M, Griffin D, Molloy M, Dunne J, Crowley V, Holmes P, Keogh E, Naughton S, Kelly M, O'Rourke F, Lynagh Y, Crowley B, de Gascun C, Holder P, Bergin C, Fleming C, Ni Riain U, and Conlon N
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- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Health Personnel statistics & numerical data, Humans, Immunoglobulin G blood, Male, Middle Aged, Phosphoproteins immunology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Young Adult, Antibodies, Viral blood, COVID-19 diagnosis, COVID-19 Serological Testing methods, Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins immunology, SARS-CoV-2 immunology, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus immunology
- Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies are an excellent indicator of past COVID-19 infection. As the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, retained sensitivity over time is an important quality in an antibody assay that is to be used for the purpose of population seroprevalence studies. We compared 5,788 health care worker (HCW) serum samples by using two serological assays (Abbott SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Roche anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid total antibody) and a subset of samples (all Abbott assay positive or grayzone, n = 485) on Wantai SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For 367 samples from HCW with a previous PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, we correlated the timing of infection with assay results. Overall, seroprevalence was 4.2% on Abbott and 9.5% on Roche. Of those with previously confirmed infection, 41% (150/367) and 95% (348/367) tested positive on Abbott and Roche, respectively. At 21 weeks (150 days) after confirmed infection, positivity on Abbott started to decline. Roche positivity was retained for the entire study period (33 weeks). Factors associated ( P ≤ 0.050) with Abbott seronegativity in those with previous PCR-confirmed infection included sex (odds ratio [OR], 0.30 male ; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15 to 0.60), symptom severity (OR 0.19 severe symptoms; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.61), ethnicity (OR, 0.28 Asian ethnicity; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.60), and time since PCR diagnosis (OR, 2.06 for infection 6 months previously; 95% CI, 1.01 to 4.30). Wantai detected all previously confirmed infections. In our population, Roche detected antibodies up to at least 7 months after natural infection with SARS-CoV-2. This finding indicates that the Roche total antibody assay is better suited than Abbott IgG assay to population-based studies. Wantai demonstrated high sensitivity, but sample selection was biased. The relationship between serological response and functional immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection needs to be delineated. IMPORTANCE As the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, retained sensitivity over time is an important quality in an antibody assay that is to be used for the purpose of population seroprevalence studies. There is a relative paucity of published literature in this field to help guide public health specialists when planning seroprevalence studies. In this study, we compared results of 5,788 health care worker blood samples tested by using two assays (Roche and Elecsys, anti-nucleocapsid antibody) and by testing a subset on a third assay (Wantai enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] anti-spike antibody). We found significant differences in the performance of these assays, especially with distance in time from PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection, and we feel these results may significantly impact the choice of assay for others conducting similar studies.
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- 2021
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49. Serological markers of SARS-CoV-2 infection; anti-nucleocapsid antibody positivity may not be the ideal marker of natural infection in vaccinated individuals.
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Allen N, Brady M, Carrion Martin AI, Domegan L, Walsh C, Doherty L, Riain UN, Bergin C, Fleming C, and Conlon N
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- Antibodies, Viral, Humans, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2
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- 2021
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50. Vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults aged 65 years and older in primary care: I-MOVE-COVID-19 project, Europe, December 2020 to May 2021.
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Kissling E, Hooiveld M, Sandonis Martín V, Martínez-Baz I, William N, Vilcu AM, Mazagatos C, Domegan L, de Lusignan S, Meijer A, Machado A, Brytting M, Casado I, Murray JK, Belhillil S, Larrauri A, O'Donnell J, Tsang R, de Lange M, Rodrigues AP, Riess M, Castilla J, Hamilton M, Falchi A, Pozo F, Dunford L, Cogdale J, Jansen T, Guiomar R, Enkirch T, Burgui C, Sigerson D, Blanchon T, Martínez Ochoa EM, Connell J, Ellis J, van Gageldonk-Lafeber R, Kislaya I, Rose AM, and Valenciano M
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- Adult, Aged, COVID-19 Vaccines, Europe, Humans, Primary Health Care, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2
- Abstract
We measured COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection at primary care/outpatient level among adults ≥ 65 years old using a multicentre test-negative design in eight European countries. We included 592 SARS-CoV-2 cases and 4,372 test-negative controls in the main analysis. The VE was 62% (95% CI: 45-74) for one dose only and 89% (95% CI: 79-94) for complete vaccination. COVID-19 vaccines provide good protection against COVID-19 presentation at primary care/outpatient level, particularly among fully vaccinated individuals.
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- 2021
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