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One of perspective trends of treatment in patients, suffering chronic ischemia of extremities, is application of a cellular technologies. This trend needs scientific confirmation, basing on investigations, which discover primary signs, characterizing chronic ischemic impact on the muscular tissue structure and ultrastructure of vascular endothelium in capillaries of the muscle. The results of investigations conducted witness the muscular tissue reconstruction occurrence under impact of chronic ischemia: restoration of muscular fascicles by connective tissue, spoiling young myons regeneration, the capillaries lumen obturation. In addition, in ischemic state the destruction of energetic organelles and endotheliocytes occurs.

Taking into account the impossibility of performance in some situations of reconstructive operative interventions on arteries, it is necessary to look for new methods of indirect revascularization for the extremities ischemia. Adipose tissue constitutes an accessible and sufficient source of multipotent stromal cells (MSC). Experimental investigations were made in a frame of preclinical trial on laboratory animals with the extremity ischemia simulation, and there was proved the essential stimulation of angiogenesis processes after transplantation performance of stromal-vascular fraction of adipose tissue. The work objective was to study the influence of own adipose tissue MSC transplantation on vascular endothelium changes in patients, suffering chronic ischemia of the extremities. Using electron microscopy method there was proved on microstructural level, that in clinical environment the patients, suffering chronic ischemia of the extremities of various etiology, gain undoubted effect of MSC autotransplantation performed with the objective to stimulate the processes of angiogenesis in the ischemic affection region.

The cellular technologies application with the objective for the processes of angiogenesis stimulation, in the ischemia conditions, constitutes an actual task for modern stage of a science development, the discovery of a new sources of cells-stimulants for neoangiogenesis is in a progress. The investigation was performed with an objective of studying of histological and immunohistochemical changes in muscular tissue, occurring after autotransplantation of multipotent stromal cells from adipose tissue of the patients, suffering the extremity ischemia. Histological and immunohistochemical investigations (detection of antibodies expression towards Villebrand factor, collagen type IV and vimentin) of processes, occurring in muscular tissue after introduction of multipotent stromal cells from adipose tissue of this patient, were conducted. The reduction of myofibrils ischemic affection and rapid activation of the muscle regenerative potential were shown. There was established a vivid stimulation of the angiogenesis processes during already first month after cellular transplantation performance.

The objective of research conduction for new methods of indirect revascularization of the limbs is actual because of cases existed of impossible performance of operative reconstructive interventions on arteries for the limbs ischemia. Adipose tissue constitutes the accessible and sufficient source of multipotent cells. Experimental investigations on laboratory animals were done for the limb ischemia simulation. Using histological investigations and electronic microscopy the efficacy of autotransplantation of multipotent stromal cells from adipose tissue for angiogenesis stimulation de novo in the limb ischemia was proved.