1. Neurobiology and Anatomy of Facial Expressions in Great Apes: Application of the AnimalFACS and Its Possible Association with the Animal's Affective State.
- Author
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Domínguez-Oliva, Adriana, Chávez, Cuauhtémoc, Martínez-Burnes, Julio, Olmos-Hernández, Adriana, Hernández-Avalos, Ismael, and Mota-Rojas, Daniel
- Abstract
Simple Summary: In humans, it is suggested that facial expressions reflect the emotional state of the individual but can also serve as a communicative signal. Chimpanzees, orangutans, and gorillas are the species closest to humans. Therefore, studying if nonhuman primate facial expression changes according to the affective state is relevant for research focused on the emotional responses of animals. The present review aims to discuss the neural correlates and anatomical components of emotional facial expression in great apes. It will focus on the use of Facial Action Coding Systems (FACSs) and the movements of the facial muscles (AUs) of chimpanzees, orangutans, and gorillas and their possible association with the affective state of great apes. The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) is an anatomically based system to study facial expression in humans. Currently, it is recognized that nonhuman animals, particularly nonhuman primates, have an extensive facial ethogram that changes according to the context and affective state. The facial expression of great apes, the closest species to humans, has been studied using the ChimpFACS and OrangFACS as reliable tools to code facial expressions. However, although the FACS does not infer animal emotions, making additional evaluations and associating the facial changes with other parameters could contribute to understanding the facial expressions of nonhuman primates during positive or negative emotions. The present review aims to discuss the neural correlates and anatomical components of emotional facial expression in great apes. It will focus on the use of Facial Action Coding Systems (FACSs) and the movements of the facial muscles (AUs) of chimpanzees, orangutans, and gorillas and their possible association with the affective state of great apes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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