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In this research, 30 canine mammary tumor tissues which were diagnosed as tubulopapillary carcinoma and complex carcinoma were used. The routine avidin- biotin-peroxidase complex method (ABC) was applied for detection of Nectin-4, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 in these tissues. The results were analyzed comparatively and evaluated semi-quantitatively. Immunohistochemically, Nectin-4 was expressed in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of malignant tumor cells. Statistically, positive, linear and a high correlation was observed between Nectin-4, PCNA and Ki-67 expressions. For this reason, it has been concluded that Nectin-4 may be of significant prognostic value relating to malignancy in canine mammary carcinomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine the pathological findings of 30 naturally infected tench (Tinca tinca) with Ligula intestinalis plerocercoids from Golhisar Lake (Burdur) in Mediterranean Area of Turkey. Clinically and macroscopically, poor and irregular swimming, hemorrhages at the bases of fins and around the anus, the presence of the plerocercoids in the viscera together with perivisceral hemorrhages and distension of abdomen were generally observed in the diseased fish. Microscopically, hemorrhages, necrosis and mononuclear cell infiltrations were seen in the viscera invaded by plerocercoids. In conclusion, the cestode Ligula intestinalis plerocercoids' pathological effects on the tench tissues were widely evaluated for the first time in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central venous cannulation is a commonly preformed procedure in many branches of medicine, particularly in anaesthesia and intensive care medicine. The purpose of this study was to compare the landmark-guided technique to the ultrasound-guided technique for internal jugular vein cannulation in cardiovascular surgery patients. One hundred cardiovascular surgery patients, of whom 65 were male and 35 were female with ages ranging from 22 to 65, who had internal jugular cannulation between December 2010-March 2011 in our clinic were investigated prospectively. Patients were randomized into two groups; ultrasound guided internal jugular cannulation cases in group U (n=50), and anatomic landmark guided cases in group A (n=50). The number of attempts until successful catheterization, the time required for successful catheterization, arising complications, the demographics and the duration of catheterization were recorded for each patient. There were no significant differences found in the demographic features between the two groups. The number of attempts for successful catheterization was statistically lower in group U (1.1±0.5) than in group A (2.2±1.6). The time required for successful catheterization was statistically lower in group U (109.4±30.4) than in group A (165.9±91.5). There were no significant differences found in the total complications of the two groups (p=0.092). Four patients had an arterial punction [group U (n=0) and group A (n=4)] and two patients had a hematoma [group U (n=1) and group A (n=1)]. Arterial punction complication was increased significantly in landmark group (p=0.041). The findings of this study indicate that internal jugular vein catheterization guided by real-time ultrasound results in a lower access time and a lower rate of attempts.

Intracranial lipoma is a very rare condition, with an incidence of less than 0.1% of all intracranial tumors. They are mostly localized in the pericallosal region. Pericallosal lipoma is an extremely rare tumor of the central nervous system and rarely gives any symptoms. A 6-year-old girl with an unexplained headache was admitted to the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic with complaints of non-febrile seizure. Her seizure was a complex-partial type. Biochemical tests for seizure etiology did not reveal any specific cause. Electroencephalography (EEG) revealed typical epileptic activity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gave images of a mass approximately 1 cm in diameter in the vicinity of corpus callosum splenium. Her seizures were kept under control with carbamazepine (400 mg/day) and indicators of neuromotor development were found to be normal throughout 24-month period of follow up. Even though it is a rare condition, pericallosal lipoma should also be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of non-febrile seizures in children.

The electrophysiological results in 51 patients with diabetes mellitus type II were compared with those in 30 age and sex matched healthy control subjects. Peripheral and cortical latencies of median and tibial somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP), bilateral I-III and I-V interpeak latencies (IPL) of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP), bilateral P100 latency of visual evoked potentials (VEP) and bilateral cortical latency and central motor conduction time of motor evoked potentials (MEP) were evaluated. We observed prolonged latencies suggestive of central neuropathy in DM type II. It has been shown that most of the electrophysiological parameters in patients with DM type II correlate with the duration of the disease, some of them with the age of the patient, and few of them with the onset of the disease. To our knowledge, there is no correlation between the electrophysiological parameters and the level of glycemia or the degree of metabolic control. We conclude that central and peripheral neuropathies in DM are related to the duration of the disease and not to the degree of hyperglycemia and metabolic control.