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Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by progressive motor neuron degeneration, with oxidative stress playing a key role. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme that may influence ALS progression. This study aimed to establish a predictive model for the influence of PON1 activity on functionality in ALS patients and explore its relationship with nutrition. Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study, 70 ALS patients underwent assessments of PON1 activity, lipid profile, functional capacity, respiratory function, and heart rate variability. A structural equation model was developed to determine the relationships between variables. Nutritional intake was analyzed in 65 patients. Results: The predictive model showed that PON1 activity and LDL levels positively influenced functionality, both directly and indirectly through respiratory capacity. Heart rate variability moderately predicted functionality independently. HDL levels were not significantly associated with functionality. Weak to moderate correlations were found between PON1 activity and intake of certain nutrients, with positive associations for monounsaturated fats and vitamin D, and negative associations for carbohydrates, proteins, and some micronutrients. Conclusions: PON1 activity appears to play an important role in ALS patient functionality, both directly and through effects on respiratory capacity. However, its relationship with nutritional intake was not strongly evident in this sample population.

Resumen: Introducción: la parada cardiorrespiratoria súbita es una de las principales causas de muerte en España, siendo clave las maniobras de reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP). Es vital que los alumnos de Enfermería y Medicina dispongan de suficientes conocimientos para llevarlas a cabo. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar el grado de conocimientos en soporte vital avanzado de los estudiantes de último curso del grado de Enfermería y Medicina. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal y comparativo en 97 estudiantes de último curso de los grados de Medicina (n = 34) y Enfermería (n = 63), durante el curso 2022–2023, mediante cuestionario que abordaba variables sociodemográficas, experiencia previa en RCP, autovaloración de la competencia, conocimientos técnicos de RCP, identificación de ritmos de parada, farmacología en soporte vital avanzado (SVA) y autopercepción final de la competencia. Resultados: en el análisis global, no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos. Tampoco existieron estas diferencias en el porcentaje de respuestas correctas sobre conocimientos técnicos en RCP (75% versus 73%). Sin embargo, en la identificación de ritmos de parada, sí se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa a favor de los estudiantes de Medicina (81,4% versus 63,5%; p = 0,001). El grupo de enfermería fue superior al de medicina en las respuestas a las preguntas sobre farmacología en SVA (95,2% versus 70,6%; p = 0,038). Finalmente, la autopercepción sobre conocimientos de SVA disminuyó significativamente tras completar el cuestionario (enfermería: p = 0,001; medicina: p = 0,002). Conclusión: los estudiantes de los últimos cursos del grado de Enfermería y Medicina tienen conocimientos muy similares sobre conocimientos técnicos de RCP. Sin embargo, el grupo de enfermería obtuvo mejores resultados en el área de la farmacología en SVA, pero inferiores a los de medicina en la identificación de ritmos de parada cardiorrespiratoria. Abstract: Introduction: Sudden cardiac arrest is one of the leading causes of death in Spain. The performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) techniques is crucial for the survival. Therefore, it is considered relevant that nursing and medical students have sufficient knowledge to carry out these maneuvers. The objective of this study is to analyze the level of knowledge in advanced life support and CPR of final year nursing and medicine students. Material and methods: A transversal and comparative study was conducted to assess the knowledge on CPR techniques in 97 students of final year nursing and medical studies (Academic year 2022–2023). A 21-items questionnaire was carried including sociodemographic variables, previous experience in CPR, self-assessment of competence, technical knowledge of CPR, identification of cardiac arrest rhythms, pharmacology in advance vital support (AVS) and final self-perception of competence. Results: In the comprehensive analysis, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups of students. There were also no differences between medical and nursing participants in the percentage of correct responses in the CPR techniques (75% versus 73%). However, in recognizing cardiac arrest rhythms, a statistically significant difference in favor of medical students was observed (81.4% versus 63.5%; p = 0.001). The nursing group outperformed the medical group in responses to pharmacology questions (95.2% versus 70.6%; p = 0.038). Finally, self-perception of knowledge of AVS decreased significantly after completing the questionnaire (nursing: p = 0.001; medicine: p = 0.002). Conclusions: Students in the final years of Nursing and Medicine degrees have very similar knowledge, of a medium-high theoretical level, about CPR techniques. However, the nursing students obtained better results in SVA pharmacology, but lower than the medicine students in the interpretation of cardiac arrest rhythms on the ECG.

Background: Early detection tools for eating disorders play an essential role in their prevention. The aim of this study was to analyze different variables associated with the risk of eating disorders and their relation to anthropometric parameters, nutritional status and body self-image. Methods: The Eating Disorder Invetory-3 Referral Form (EDI-3 RF) and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) were administered to 809 adolescents (413 boys and 396 girls), aged 11 to 17 years, from three randomly chosen schools in a big Mediterranean city. Anthropometric measurements were taken following standardized methods. Overweight and obesity were determined according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Results: Overweight (23%) prevailed over obesity (9.37%). Girls registered a higher score in the Obsession for Thinness EDI-3 RF subscale and in the body dissatisfaction section of the BSQ. The only statistically significant differences in the Obsession for Thinness and Body Dissatisfaction levels among the different ages were seen in boys. In this series, body dissatisfaction assessed by the EDI-3 RF was not correlated with BSQ body dissatisfaction. Sex and age in adolescence determine the relationship between eating disorder attitudes and body shape dissatisfaction. Conclusions: It is necessary to look for other parameters to investigate to determine body dissatisfaction.

Objective: Musculoskeletal functional deterioration in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is associated with an increase in bone fractures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of sex, ALS type, on bone quality in patients with ALS compared to healthy controls. The impact on bone health of the clinical status and some metabolic parameters was also analyzed in ALS patients.Methods: A series of 33 voluntary patients with ALS, and 66 healthy individuals matched in sex and age underwent assessment of bone mass quality using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the calcaneus. Ultrasonic broadband attenuation (BUA), the speed of sound (SOS), stiffness index and T-score were measured. Bone mineral density (BMD) was estimated using standard equations. Apart from fat and muscle mass percentage determinations, clinical baseline measures in ALS patients included ALSFRS-R score, Barthel index for activities of daily living, pulmonary function measured using FVC, and muscular strength assessed by a modified MRC grading scale. Laboratory tests included serum calcium, 25-HO-cholecalciferol (Vitamin D), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), T4 and TSH.Results: All bone parameters evaluated were statistically significant lower in ALS patients than in healthy controls. ALS females showed significantly lower bone parameters than healthy females. According to the estimated BMD, there were 25 ALS patients (75.8%) and 36 (54.5%) healthy individuals showing an osteoporotic profile (BMD

Objective: This study assessed changes in anxiety during different phases of childbirth in a sample of women demanding epidural anesthesia. Design: Prospective, longitudinal case series. Sample: A total of 133 women who demanded epidural anesthesia for childbirth answered the questionnaires. Methods: Anxiety state was measured using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire. The STAI-S (anxiety state) was administered in three phases during childbirth: Phase 1 was before applying epidural anesthesia, Phase 2 was 45 min after the application of epidural anesthesia and Phase 3 was at less than 24 h after delivery. Data were collected in two general hospitals: a third-level public hospital and a well-recognized private hospital. Main outcome measures: STAI scores. Results: Anxiety state decreases significantly after applying the epidural anesthesia (Phase 2) compared to before anesthesia (Phase 1), and it remains low levels 24 h after childbirth (Phase 3). There were statistically significant differences in STAI scores between the different phases administrated (Phases 1 and 2: p