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Within the framework of the work, a mathematical model of the process of sulfonation of linear alkylbenzenes with SO3, which takes place in a multitube film reactor, is described. The causes and regularities of changes in the most important indicator of the quality of alkylbenzenesulfonic acid - its color index - are described. Using a mathematical model, it was found that the content of light aromatic compounds in the sulfonation feedstock worsens the color of ABS and leads to a reduction in the duration of the interwashing cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we analyze the influence of the linear alkylbenzenes consumption of in a multitube film sulfonation reactor on the formation of viscous by-products, tetralins and sulfones, using the method of mathematical modeling. It was found that an increase in the consumption of raw materials from 3500 to 4500 kg/hour at a constant molar ratio of SO3/LAB equal to 1.08 makes it possible to achieve a decrease in the contact time of linear alkylbenzene with a sulfonating agent from 30.1 to 25.4 seconds and an increase in the duration of inter-flushing cycles due to a decrease in the viscosity of the organic liquid film and the normalization of the hydrodynamic regime of the flow of raw materials. It was also determined that the duration of inter-flushing cycles is influenced by the content of light aromatic hydrocarbons in the sulphonated raw material. An increase in the content of aromatic hydrocarbons leads to a decrease in the duration of the inter-flush cycles. This is due to the fact that light aromatic hydrocarbons are the source of the formation of viscous by-products - tetralins, which have a negative effect on the hydrodynamic regime of the liquid film flow. Calculations using a mathematical model showed that with an aromatic hydrocarbon content in the feed of 2 %wt. the duration of the inter-washing cycle at a standard flow rate of 3500 kg/hour is 15 days, and at 6 % wt. - 10 days. At the same time, an increase in consumption up to 4500 kg/hour makes it possible to achieve a cycle time at 2% wt. up to 17 days, and at 6% wt. up to 16 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrolysis of hydrocarbons is one of the main processes in petro-chemistry due to the high demand for products derived from light alkenes such as ethene and propene. The process is performed with lack of oxygen and extreme temperatures. Thus, heavier hydrocarbons decay into lighter alkenes. Although, side reactions of these obtained alkenes polymerization with further polycondensation result in coke deposition. Therefore, crossection area of tube decreases as well as residence time. And yield of target products decreases under these conditions, i.e. the process becomes inefficient. The given paper discusses the mechanism of the pyrolysis process, presents the model itself and discusses the influence of main technological parameters on the process efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review summarizes Russian developments on the most important industrial processes of hydrocarbon feedstock refining according to the data of the last 15–20 years on the kinetics of deactivation of heterogeneous and liquid-phase catalysts under non-stationary conditions. The methodological aspects of the creation and application of kinetic models for the deactivation of heterogeneous and liquid-phase catalysts under non-stationary conditions are considered. It is shown that high efficiency of catalytic technologies is ensured by regulation of hydrodynamic and thermal conditions of industrial processes of gasoline reforming, alkane dehydrogenation, alkylation of benzene with higher alkenes and catalytic dewaxing using kinetic models, which take into account catalyst deactivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A description of a process that depends on a set of parameters is a complex set of functional dependencies. The system is intellectual, because it is based on the actual data on the operation of industrial processes and devices of chemical technology. These data are analyzed, conclusions and recommendations are made. The physico-chemical model is a software-implemented main unit of this system, which includes calculations on the equations of material and thermal balances of hydrocarbon transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkylbenzene sulfonic acid (ASA) is a valuable petrochemical product that is obtained using a variety of technologies. The purpose of this article is to compare the designs of the film sulfonation reactors and choose the most optimal one. The calculations were made using non-stationary mathematical models. For calculations, data were taken from operating LAB sulfonation plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkylation of benzene with alkenes is one of the priority areas in the processes of the main organic and petrochemical synthesis due to the high demand for products derived from alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons. One of the most important technologies is the alkylation of benzene with C10-C14 alkenes with further sulfonation of linear alkylbenzenes obtained. In this work, we discuss the mechanism of the alkylation process, present the mathematical model and discuss the influence of main technological parameters on the process efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the indicators of the H2SO4-catalyzed benzene alkylation with alkenes were performed with use of the mathematical model, which was implemented in the industry at one of the refineries. We present the effect of the butane-butylene fraction flow rate and the isobutane concentration in the feedstock on the content of isooctane's in the alkylate. The possibility of using a mathematical model of the process of H2SO4-catalyzed benzene alkylation with alkenes as a training system has been shown. This will allow the oil refinery technologists to gain theoretical skills to troubleshoot industrial plants and to optimize their performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of gasoline preparation, various products of hydrocarbon processing processes are used, such as catalytic reforming, isomerization, hydrocracking, catalytic cracking, liquid-phase alkylation of isobutane with olefins, as well as additives such as MTBE. Optimization of the commercial types of gasoline preparing process is a complex multi-factor task, including the stages of the catalytic processing of hydrocarbon raw materials into high-octane components and the stage of commercial gasoline components, mixing. This requires taking into account the non-additivity of the properties of commercial products. Determining the ratios of the mixing components, considering changes in the composition and properties of hydrocarbon feeds for processing, as well as the optimal technological conditions at the stages of catalytic processing of feeds, will reduce the cost of commercial products by reducing their quality stock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of the research is multi-stage integrated production of linear alkylbenzenes and linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid. The established thermodynamic and kinetic laws of the transformations of C9-C14 hydrocarbons and the activity of catalysts used in the synthesis of linear alkylbenzenes provided the creation of mathematical models suitable for optimizing the main stages of the synthesis. the assessment of the full range of nonstationarity factors caused by the deactivation of catalysts was made on the basis of a computational and industrial experiment simulation. the model calculations allowed improving the efficiency of multistage production of alkylbenzene sulfonic acid and to increase the desired product yield from 170-172 to 174-176 tones/day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous growth of demand on synthetic detergents worldwide, which include such components as surfactants causes increasing of research and optimization interests towards the process of obtaining linear alkylbenzenes or the problem of linear alkylbenzenes sulfonation. The method of mathematical modelling used in this paper was chosen as the best concerning the optimization of the process. It allows monitoring the influence of main parameters without interfering in the process. As the result mathematical model of linear alkylbenzenes (LAB) sulfonation process was obtained. Adequacy of which is supported by the correspondence of calculated and experimental dependencies of the main parameters (such as yields of target and some side products, which are alkylbenzene sulfonic acid (ASA) and, for example, highly viscous component respectively). Also, information about the dependency of highly viscous component accumulation and ASA from temperature and film thickness in the reactor is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of research is the installation of rectification columns for benzene, ethylbenzene, and polyalkylbenzenes. The purpose of this work is an optimization of rectification technological modes and energy efficiency increasing of distillation in the technology of ethylbenzene production by replacing of the used in reboilers vapor at 4 MPa by vapor at 2 MPa. The proposed optimization option of the rectification unit is efficient since the implementation of the proposed technical solution will be achieved using Vapor 2 with increased efficiency of the process, namely a reduction of vapor consumption. The total consumption of vapor after the upgrade will be 2.751 Gcal / hour, which is 2168 Gcal per year less than the current vapor load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to study the composition of feedstock and products of the process of production of linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid as a main component of synthetic detergents. Light aromatic compounds, contained in sulfonation feedstock, form a highly viscous component as a result of dealkylation and polymerization reactions. This component is able to accumulate in the sulfonation reactor reducing efficiency and uniformity of the process and the duration of period between reactor washings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the way of increasing resource efficiency of motor gasoline production by integration of heptane isomerization process was performed. The estimation of the efficiency of isomerization process integration to the oil refinery structure was carried out by using the performed models. These models are sensitive to changes in hydrocarbon composition and physical-chemical properties of the processed feedstock and operation conditions of industrial units. Integration to the finished motor gasoline process the technology of C7 isomerization allows to decrease in high cost flows (alkylate, toluene, MTBE) due to a significant increase in RON of low octane flows of the plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimization of the operation of the chemical-technological system as a whole is possible only if the efficiency of each of the associated processes of all stages of production is increased, taking into account their interrelationship. These problems are successfully solved using the methods of mathematical modeling and computer modeling systems that take into account the volatility of the raw material composition, the change in catalyst activity and a large number of control parameters. This approach was used for benzene alkylation process and allowed us to reveal regularieties of alkylation reactor depending on the technologiscal conditions in the conjugate apparatuses. Thus, optomal HF-catalyst activity depends signifacantly both on the dehydrogenation feedstock composition and its flow rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper is devoted to analysis of computer simulators efficiency in terms of graduates' adaptation at oil and gas refineries. The experience of such modeling system implementation shows that through the use of a computer simulator based on interactive simulation system we can reach high levels of enterprise employees professionalism in a short time. This, in turn, reduces the risk of abnormal and emergency situations and can finally reduce the cost of production. It will also be possible to increase the fault tolerance of the equipment by reducing the influence of the human factor and clarify regulatory requirements for the installation, including the start, emergency stop, and regular and emergency situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presented paper is devoted to research on stability of alkylation and sulphonation units joint work in alkylbenzene sulphuric acid manufacturing. The reasons of equipment unstable operation and product quality deterioration in the stages of benzene alkylation with olefins and alkylbenzenes sulphonation were determined. Using the developed mathematical models of these processes uncontrolled temperature rise in the bottom of HF-catalyst regeneration column forecasting was carried out. Study of sulphonation and alkylation units stability in dependence on aromatics flow rate in alkylator was also performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mathematical model of isopropyl benzene obtaining reactor process on chloroaluminum catalyst was developed. With use of HYSYS software a computer model of benzene with propylene alkylation technological scheme was created. Integration of computer models allowed carrying out calculations to determine technological modes of production, allowing to obtain a marketable product of higher quality. It was shown that increasing of isopropylbenzene concentration in commercial product to 99.9% by weight can be achieved by implementing of sequence separation in distillation columns due to redistribution of ethylbenzene and n-butyl benzene loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urgency of the discussed issue is caused by the need to increase the quality of the prepared gas and to increase the competence of engineering staff of low-temperature gas separation plant using computer modeling systems. The main aim of the study: to create software package that simulates the changing technological performance of low-temperature separation unit in real time study the effect of single unit work on the system as a whole. The methods used in the study: chemical processes mathematical modeling method. The results: a program of three-phase separator calculating - one of the most important elements of low-temperature separation - considering the influence of the control parameters of the system (control valves for gas and liquid), the geometric dimensions of the unit and generally accepted principles of the separation of the three-phase mixture (Stokes' law, the laws of the phase equilibrium and so on) was created. Developed module allows to create interactive software package that simulates the work of low-temperature separation in real time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of mathematical modeling method and physical-chemical nature of gas from liquid hydrocarbons and water at low temperatures due to the Joule-Thompson effect separation, a mathematical model of separator was created. This model allows tracing changes in technological parameters of low temperature separation process in real time. It is implemented as a software product that allows one to study transient processes occurring in apparatus of chemical technological system and also provides an opportunity to examine the effect of control parameters on technological parameters of the system. It was shown that the opening degree of gas valve is gradually reduced (from 28% to 10% in 40 seconds) while pressure in system increases from 7,082 MPa up to 7,633 MPa. On the basis of developed mathematical model a simulator for training of technical personnel of low-temperature separation can be created. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new way of reactor block of paraffins dehydrogenation efficiency improvement using a mathematical model which takes mutual influence of processes occurring in apparatus of chemical-technological system into account was proposed. Numerical evaluation of raw materials composition, process conditions and degree of catalyst deactivation influence on efficiency of apparatus of chemical industrial dehydrogenation plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the example of the synthesis of ethylbenzene, an approach to reaction network formalization was proposed. This approach consists in grouping the components according to their reactivity their reactivity with respect to a specific reaction. The values of compensation degrees of reactions as an indicator of components reactivity were calculated. The kinetic model of alkylation of benzene with ethylene and heavy alkylates transalkylation was developed. The proposed approach is promising for development of mathematical modeling of multi-component processes of oil refining and petrochemical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The estimation of reactions occurrence probability in liquid-phase catalytic benzene via olefins alkylation process with use of quantum chemical methods for thermodynamic functions was carried out. Built on calculation results formalized reaction network became the base for mathematical model of alkylation reactor development. Method for inverse kinetic problem solving was proposed and implemented. The developed computer modeling system is sensitive to raw materials composition of process conditions. This makes it effective in problems of industrial plant for the production of linear alkyl benzene optimization solving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]