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This study presents the synthesis of pure Bi2O3(PBO), Bi2O3/MXene composite (PBOM), and 5 % Fe-doped Bi2O3/MXene (FBOM5) via the hydrothermal method and employs comprehensive characterizations to examine crystallographic, morphological, optical, and surface properties. Electrochemical analysis, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), reveals that FBOM5 exhibits a high specific capacitance of 1331 F/g at 0.25 A/g and a low charge transfer resistance of 0.6171 Ω, surpassing PBO (233.93 F/g) and PBOM (728.96 F/g). FBOM5 samples also maintain 82 % capacitance retention over 2000 cycles. Photocatalytic experiments demonstrate a 92.97 % degradation of mixed dyes within 150 min under sunlight. The excellent performance of FBOM5, driven by its reduced crystalline size, nanoflower like or sheet-like morphology, extensive surface area (367.67 m2/g), and defect sites, highlights its potential for energy storage and environmental remediation applications.

Pure Bi2O3, 5 % Sn/Fe codoped Bi2O3, Graphene Oxide (GO) based Pure, and 5 % Sn/Fe codoped Bi2O3nanocomposite are synthesized using a hydrothermal method. The synthesized material is comprehensively characterized to investigate its crystallographic, morphological, magnetic, and surface properties. Our findings reveal that the GO-based 5 % Sn/Fe co-doped Bi2O3exhibits an exceptional capacitance of 1302.5 F/g. This remarkable capacitance enhancement can be attributed to a combination of factors, including changes in crystalline size, enhanced magnetization properties, an increase in surface area (170.86 m2/g), the introduction of defects in the material's structure, as well as low value of charge transfer resistance (0.3817 Ω) which indicates exceptional conductivity of the material. GO-based 5 % Sn/Fe co-doped Bi2O3illustrates remarkable cycle stability with a retention rate of 81 % after 2000 cycles. The findings from this research provide evidence that GO-based Sn/Fe co-doped Bi2O3is a material with outstanding prospects for high-performance energy storage applications, especially in supercapacitors. The combined effects of GO inclusion and co-doping provide new opportunities for the development of novel electrode materials with improved electrochemical characteristics.