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This study aims to reveal the effects of out-of-class learning activities conducted in the school garden on students' interest in science and their scientific attitudes. Research designed as a pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design of quantitative research methods. The research group of the study consists of 37, 7th grade students enrolled in a public school in Turkiye. Reproduction, growth and development in plants were conducted through school garden-based science activities for seven weeks. The research data were collected using Science Interest Scale and Scientific Attitude Scale. The study findings showed that garden-based activities have a moderate and close to moderate effect on students' interests in science and scientific attitudes. As per these findings, we can say that school gardens are out-of-class learning environments that can be used to help increase students' interest and attitudes toward science.

Science education helps individuals understand the events occurring in their environment and the world, starting from their immediate environment. This study aims to determine pre-service preschool teachers' science education self-efficacy and attitudes toward science teaching according to various variables. This research is a descriptive study based on the survey model. The study group of the research consists of 320 pre-service teachers studying at Akdeniz University, Faculty of Education, and Department of Preschool Education. The data of the study were collected through the "Attitude Scale of Preschool Teachers Towards Science Teaching and "Self-Efficacy Scale of Preschool Teachers Towards Science Education. As a result of the study, it was determined that pre-service preschool teachers had positive attitudes toward science teaching and self-efficacy toward science education was high.

The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable scale to determine the life and career skills of university students. 396 university students in Turkey who look for work have participated in Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and also data were collected from 439 students for Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). According to the result of the analysis, 4-factor scale consisting of 20 items was obtained. The Cronbach Alpha Coefficient was calculated to reveal the internal consistency of the scale and it was found to be 0.84. According to the result of CFA, fit indexes were calculated as X[superscript 2]/df = 3.56, NFI = 0.94, NNFI = 0.95, RFI = 0.93, CFI = 0.96, GFI = 0.88, AGFI = 0.85, SRMR = 0.073, IFI = 0.96. The life and career skills of students studying at universities were measured by "Life and Career Skills Scale" developed by the researchers.

The study aims to examine fourth-grade private and public-school students' images of the science learning environment using their drawings. The survey was conducted in the 2017-2018 academic year, and a descriptive survey model was used. Participant group of this study consist of 357 fourth-grade students. In this study, data were collected by drawing technique. Content analysis, percentage, frequency, and Chi-Square test of independence were used in data analysis. Regarding the study results, although the learning environment in both schools consists of traditional classrooms and laboratories, differences were observed in student drawings according to school type (public-private). The private school students use the laboratory in science lessons, whereas the students in the public school use the teacher's desk as the experiment table. Another significant result of the study is that public-school students' priority is understanding the topic. In contrast, private school students assign more importance to the materials. Regarding the independence test results, Founding student behavior, teacher behavior, teacher position, and teaching method to differ in student images according to school type. But no found a significant difference between the place theme images of public school and private school students.

Present research aims to determine the effect of science activities on concept development of preschool period age 5-6 children groups. Parallel to research objective, qualitative research pattern has been the selected method. Study group comprises of collectively 48 children from 5-6 age group attending to a private education institution in city of Antalya. Prior to conducting the research literature scan has been performed to identify "the Earth, Sun and Moon" relevant concepts corresponding to the age level of participants. Parallel to the science-related concepts activities such as "Do you know our Solar System?", "Do the planets move?", "How are the movements of the Earth, Sun and Moon?", "What are the phases of Earth, Moon?", "How does night and day occur?", "How does the Earth look like from the Space?" have been implemented for a period of six weeks. In line with selected science-relevant concepts participants have been asked to draw pictures before and after the science activities while at the same time the researchers have recorded in writing what participants aimed to narrate via pictures. At the end of research it has been manifested that science activities is an effective technique in the acquisition of basic concepts related to "the Earth, Sun and Moon" as much as they positively affect development of already-existing concepts in children. (Contains 6 tables and 6 figures.)

Helping students to improve their problems solving skills is the primary target of science teacher trainees. In modern science, for training the students, methods should be used for improving their thinking skills, making connections with events and concepts and scientific operations skills rather than information and definition giving. One of these methods is problem solving. In this study, it is shown that problem solving is not just solving a movement problem like in physics, as it is understood by most science teachers, but it can be used also in social problems like environmental problems. Furthermore, scientific operation skills, problem solving attitudes and academic success of teacher trainees who use problem solving method in solving environmental problems are investigated. The study is an experimental work, and pre-test, last-test grouped patterns are used. The study has been carried on with 102 students of Gazi University, Gazi Education Faculty, Primary Education Department, and Science Teacher Sciences of the 2003-2004 Academic Years. In the experimental group, the problem solving method is used, whereas in the control group, traditional methods are used. The data gathered to test the study hypothesis were evaluated by using the SPSS package program. As a result of the analyses, it is found that science teaching based on problem solving improves scientific operations skills of the teacher trainees, increases their attitude points towards problem solving, and increases their grades to be obtained in environment success tests. (Contains 13 tables and 3 figures.)

In this study our purpose is to determine how the teachers are applying the structuralist approach in their classes by classifying the teachers according to graduated faculty, department and their years in the duty. Besides understanding the difference of the effects of structuralist approach and traditional education method on student's success and knowledge sustainability. For the study the teachers are given likert type surveys and primary school 6th class students are used as final test and the repeat of the last test as data collecting tools The study, has been carried in 23 schools in Mersin City Center with 53 Science Teacher and two branches of Davultepe Ataturk Primary School where is Mersin City Davultepe district, where 52 students are used as 24 of them in control group and 28 of them in experimental group. The poll has been applied to teachers and the final test and same test after 15 days has been applied to the test students. While analyzing the final test data to measure the success and sustainability of the students t test is used. (Contains 6 tables.)

The purpose of this study was to develop a scale instrument to allow us to establish the self-efficacies of elementary education teachers regarding their use of information technologies when educating their students. The study group comprised a total of 924 teachers from different branches working in central Ankara elementary schools. Based on the data acquired from the scales, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted during the process of testing the construct validity of the scale. In the wake of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the model comprising 48 clauses and two factors was found to be statistically and theoretically coherent. When the obtained results are considered with regards to its reliability, the scale can be said to be sufficiently reliable. The scale instrument is thought to put forth perceptions of self-efficacy regarding the use of technology from the context of basic skills and anxiety state.

The purpose of this study is to reveal the metaphors of primary school students (n = 362) relating to the concept of global warming. Data collected by completing the expression of "global warming is like..., because..." of the students were analysed by use of qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques. According to findings of the study, students generated total 148 valid metaphors, and 134 of them were different. As a result of this study, by analysing perceptions relating to the concept of global warming, it was determined that vast majority of the students considered global warming as a damaging concept increasing temperature. In addition to this, while conceptual categories did not differ based on gender of students, they were significantly different from each other in terms of levels of grades.

The principal aim of the study is to develop a new scale Science Anxiety Scale and to examine its the psychometric properties and construct validity of the Science Anxiety Scale in a sample of 797 primary school students. Exploratory factor analysis was applied and found to have a two-dimensional structure. Confirmatory factor analyses provide evidence for a solid two-dimension structure reflecting the theorized construct: personal and environmental. Also, for convergent validity, item reliability, construct reliability and average variance values were calculated and it was found that item reliability and construct reliability values generally provided the required criteria. The average variance extracted value had a value below the criteria value for both sub-dimensions. Discriminant validity was above the criteria value in all dimensions. The reliability of the Science Anxiety Scale scales appeared to be satisfactory, with good internal consistency. The Science Anxiety Scale was found to be reliable and valid for the Turkish primary student context with a few exceptions.

Background: This study aimed to compare early results in patients who underwent subxiphoid wedge resection with those operated on using a multiportal approach. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 151 patients who underwent diagnostic wedge resection for suspected interstitial lung disease. Patients who underwent wedge resection via subxiphoid video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and conventional video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery were compared. Results: The study included 90 men (59.6%) and 61 women (40.4%) with a mean age of 54.8 ± 12 years. Of these, 127 patients underwent conventional video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and 24 patients underwent subxiphoid video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Postoperative complications occurred in 13 patients (8.6%), with no significant difference according to surgical technique. Sex was a significant factor in the rate of complications (12.2% in men vs. 3.2% in women). There was no intraoperative mortality; the 30-day mortality rate was 4% (n = 6). Five nonsurviving patients were in the conventional video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery group and 1 was in the subxiphoid video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery group (p = 0.95). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the subxiphoid approach reduced procedure time and length of hospital stay in the early period, while there was no significant difference between the techniques in terms of complications or mortality. Based on these findings, we conclude that surgical outcomes were as successful with the subxiphoid approach as with conventional video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Our aim in this study was to evaluate the impact of lymph node metastases and histopathological subgroups on survival in patients with resected lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated a total of 172 patients with invasive adenocarcinoma who were operated on between January 2011 and December 2018. Nodal status was determined according to the number of involved lymph node stations (single or multiple). Results: A total of 141 men (82%) and 31 women (18%) were included in the study. The 5-year survival rate was 37% overall and 72.2% for papillary adenocarcinomas (p=0.041). In patients with pN1a and pN2 disease, 5-year survival rates were 43.6% and 22.1%, respectively (p=0.020). In multivariate analysis, pN2 disease and not receiving adjuvant therapy were identified as poor prognostic factors (hazard ratio=2.02, p=0.019; hazard ratio=0.2, p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The results of our study showed that patients with multiple pN1 lymph node metastases have similar survival outcomes to patients with pN2 disease. Most importantly, the main prognostic factor associated with poor survival was pN2 lymph node metastasis. Therefore, we believe that pN1 lymph node status should be evaluated as a separate subgroup in future staging systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The high mortality of cancer is one of the crucial problems in human beings especially colorectal carcinoma (CRC) with higher morbidity (2nd grade) required new prevention approaches. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential chemopreventive effects of eugenol (EU) and glycyrrhizic acid (GA) on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colorectal cancer in rats. In the study, 80 Sprague Dawley male rats were used. The rats were randomly divided into eight groups as follows: Control, AOM (15mg/kg bw., sc, once a week for two weeks), EU (EU 100 mg/kg bw., gavage), GA (GA 15 mg/kg bw., gavage), EU+GA, AOM+EU, AOM+GA, and AOM+EU+GA. All the rats except those in the control and AOM groups were treated with EU and GA for 16 weeks. At the end of the study, the colon tissues were examined in terms of Aberrant Crypt Foci (ACF) and histopathology. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, were evaluated biochemically in colon tissue. In addition, Bax, Bcl-2 and p53 protein expressions in colon samples were determined by Western blotting. In the colon tissues of rats treated with AOM, MDA levels and CAT activities were found out to increase, whereas GSH levels and SOD activities decreased. On the other hand, AOM treatment increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio but downregulated p53 and Bax expressions. In the histopathological examination, an increase was detected in ACF numbers and malignant tumoral lesions. The use of EU+GA decreased oxidative stress and ACF numbers, induced apoptosis, and upregulated p53 expression in AOM-treated rats. In conclusion, EU+GA was determined to be more effective against colorectal cancer when compared with the other treatment groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study is to extract and characterize ascorbate peroxidase (APX) from ki- wano (Cucumis metuliferus) and determine the effect of various inhibitors and metal ions on the enzyme activity. The enzyme activity was measured by the decrease in absorbance at 285 nm during 1 min with the spectrophotometric method. The optimum pH and temperature were found to be 6.2 and 30°C respectively. Km and Vmax of APX extracted from kiwano were 0.2848 mM, 0.0035 U min-1 for aspartic acid (AsA), and 0.0649 mM, 0.0077 U min-1 for H2O2, respectively. APX extracted from kiwano was strongly inhibited by 2-nitrobenzoic acid (1.48% residual activity, 1 mM), KCN (13.3% residual activity, 1 mM), and NaN3 (25.9% residual activity, 1 mM), but less inhibited by L-cysteine, 2- mercaptoethanol, iodoacetamide, and EDTA. Analysis was performed for determining the effect of various metal ions, of which Fe2+ and Ba2+ activated the activity of APX at the concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 mM and inhibited completely by Cu2+ and Sn2+ at above 5 mM. APX extracted from kiwano lost its activity to some extent due to interacting with the rest of the metal ions. In this study, it was reported, for the first time, the extraction and biochemical characterization of the APX extracted from kiwano, which could be useful in potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science education, when it is dealt with in terms of subject, activities and target behaviours, is an open area to inquiry and development. However, this case is interpreted from a different point of view in a lot of educational institutions in our country (Turkey). The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of "Argument-Based Science Inquiry (ABSI)" approach on the academic achievements of 3rd grade Science Education teacher candidates by applying this approach to the activities and establishing a suitable educational environment, and to reveal their thoughts about it. Mixed methods research has been used in this paper. In the quantitative dimension of the research, a pre-test post-test control group experimental design has been used. At the end of the implementation process, an achievement test has been applied to both groups, and results have been analyzed statistically. The results have shown that there is a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test results of experimental group, and ABSI approach has a positive effect on student success. In the qualitative dimension of the study, semi-structured interviews have been used with the experimental group's teacher candidates. Data have been analyzed through content analysis method. In accordance with all findings, it is deduced that the ABSI activities affect the academic achievement of teacher candidates more positively than the classical laboratory practices in Laboratory Practices II class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of webquest method on science teaching was examined in this study as being one of the most important reflections of technology to the education and it was shown that students structured the knowledge in the coordination and enjoying with this method. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of webquest-assisted teaching method for unit "The Structure and Properties of Matter" in the Science and Techonolgy lessons on attitude towards science lesson and retention of knowledge. Semi-experimental pattern with pre-test - post-test group was used in the study. Study group comprised of 30 students as 15-person control group, 15-person experimental group attending to a private school. "Academic Achievement Test of Science and Technology Lesson" and "Scale of Attitude Towards Science" were used in the study as a data collection tool. Data obtained were analyzed by Mann Whitney-U test and Wilcoxon test. At the end of the study, it was seen that web-assisted teaching technique did not affect attitudes of students towards science but had positive effect on level of remembering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to compare the outcomes of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy with open thoracotomy lobectomy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)., Methods: There were 269 cases with NSCLC who underwent lobectomy between 2017-2019; these cases were retrospectively studied. VATS lobectomy (VATS Group) and open thoracotomy lobectomy (Thoracotomy Group) patients' results were compared according to the length of hospitalizations, early postoperative complications and tumor size and stages., Results: VATS lobectomy was performed in 89 (33%) of these patients, whereas 180 (67%) patients underwent lobectomy using open thoracotomy for NSCLC. The findings showed that the average length of hospitalization was shorter in the VATS Group compared to the Thoracotomy Group (4 vs. 5.5 days) (p<0.05). It was found that the mean size of the tumour was smaller in the VATS Group when compared to the Thoracotomy Group (2.66 cm vs 3.97 cm) (p<0.001). Early postoperative complications were lower in the VATS Group (n=15, 16.8% vs n=58, 32.2%; p<0.021)., Conclusion: In VATS lobectomy cases, postoperative complications are less, and the length of hospitalization is shorter. VATS lobectomy is mostly preferred smaller than 3 cm tumor size., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. The authors received no financial support for the research and/or authorship of this article., (Copyright: © 2019 by The Medical Bulletin of Sisli Etfal Hospital.)