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Low intake of dietary fiber is closely related to an increased risk of various non-communicable diseases globally. This study aimed to develop a formulation for high-fiber extrudate based on purple sweet potato and kidney bean and evaluate the nutritional value of the products and their satiety index after consumption. Optimization of the formula was carried out using four levels of purple sweet potato flour substitution with kidney bean flour: 0, 20, 30, and 40% (w/w ). The extrudates were obtained using a double-screw extruder at 60°C, with the auger, screw, and cutter speeds of 40, 40 and 50 Hz, respectively. The satiety index determination involved 16 subjects with body mass index in optimal range, and data from the visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaire were used at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min after consumption of the test food. The product with the highest substitution (40%) of kidney bean was selected as the best based on the sensory acceptability and nutritive value – contents of protein and total fiber were 13.20 and 17.00 g in 100 g dry matter, respectively. The estimated shelf-life of this extrudate was 19 months. Satiety index values for commercial cereals, extruded purple sweet potato, and extruded purple sweet potato with kidney bean were 99, 104, and 140, respectively. This research showed that the consumption of high-fiber extruded sweet potato with kidney bean could significantly extend the feeling of fullness with low energy contribution so that it might prevent excess calorie intake contributing to overweight and obesity.

Anemia remains a nutritional problem in Indonesia, where more than 50% of the incidence is due to iron deficiency caused by low quality and quantity of food consumed and iron intake sources. Low iron intake did not affect iron adequacy. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with iron adequacy among adolescent girls in Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional design and secondary data from the National Survey of Food Consumption (NSFC) in Indonesia in 2014. The number of participants was 11.766 adolescent girls aged 10-18 years. Data were collected using the NSFC 2014 questionnaire and the food consumption collection method using a food recall 24 hour. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-squared test and Logistic Regression to identify the factors influencing iron adequacy. The results showed that the iron intake of adolescent girls in Indonesia was 10 mg/day, with an adequate iron level of 42,9%. Logistic regression showed that the most influential factors (p

The prevalence of obesity in the adult is increasing each year due to increased consumption of fast food and decreased consumption of fiber. Based on Basic Health Research there was 20% of Indonesians suffered from obesity in 2018. The objective is to analyze changes in dietary fiber intake in adult obese in Bogor City. Methods: This research is conducted using secondary data from Risk-Factor of Non-Communicable Disease Bogor. The research design was prospective cohort. Total subjects were 138 subjects who were newly suffer from obesity in 2014 and 2016, and had normal BMI in baseline (2011 and 2012). Consumption data were collected using 24-hr recall and FFQ and were processed and analyzed using Nutri Survey, Microsoft excel and SPSS 23.0 version. Univariate analysis was used to see the characteristic of the subjects, while different test was using Wilcoxon test since the data are not distributed normally. Results,most subjects were women (77,5%) aged 35-44 years old. The mean of dietary fiber intake was at about 9,7 g in the beginning and it increased by 1,2 g. Despite the increment in the percentage of the people who consumed dietary fiber at about 58%, the mean was still under the recommendation (

Anemia pada anak sekolah masih menjadi masalah yang harus segera ditangani di Indonesia. Menurut laporan Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2013, prevalensi anemia untuk anak usia sekolah di Indonesia adalah 26.4%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan faktor-faktor risiko (karakteristik subjek, karakteristik keluarga, densitas protein dan asupan zat besi, kecukupan protein dan zat besi, frekuensi konsumsi pangan sumber heme, pola konsumsi enhancer dan inhibitor zat besi serta frekuensi sarapan) terhadap kejadian anemia. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional yang dilakukan pada bulan Januari - Juni 2018. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada anak sekolah dasar kelas 4 - 6 di Temanggung. Sampel sebanyak 318 siswa dipilih menggunakan metode simple random sampling. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dengan uji chi square dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi sarapan, frekuensi konsumsi telur, frekuensi konsumsi hati ayam, dan konsumsi obat cacing merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya anemia pada anak sekolah dasar di Temanggung. Â

Diet quality and glycemic control in adults with type two diabetes mellitus Background: As assessed by Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), diet quality is correlated with glycemic control through its effect on glucose-insulin homeostasis. Studies are evaluating the diet quality index in Indonesia, especially its relation to glycemic control in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), are lacking. Objective: To analyze the association between diet quality and glycemic control T2DM in adults. Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study using data from "Cohort study of non-communicable disease risk factors" in 2016 by the Indonesia Ministry of Health. Hundred and five (105) subjects diagnosed with T2DM, aged 25-65, were recruited in this study. A 24-hour dietary recall was collected, and a diet quality index referred to the USA adapted AHEI-2010 was assessed. The portion of food components was modified based on the Indonesian Dietary Guidelines. Glycemic control was evaluated according to fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 2-hours-post-75-g glucose load (2h-PG). Spearman correlation test was applied in this analysis. Results: A mean age of subjects was 51 years, and 77.1% out of 105 subjects were women. Mean value of FBG 123.5 and 2h-PG 228.9 mg/dL. The total score of AHEI was 53.8. There was not a significant correlation between the total score of AHEI with FBG (r= -0.079) and 2h-PG (r= -0.069) (p>0.05). However, there was a significant association between the fruits score and 2h-PG (r= -0.224) (p

Bogor District is one of the priority districts for stunting interventions. The stunting rate in Bogor District was 28.29%. The district government should implement stunting reduction policies that referring to the national movement of nutrition improvement acceleration and the stunting programs convergence. Regional autonomy gives authority to the regions to regulate and implement policies. This study aimed to analyze the internal and external factors of the Bogor District Government that aff ecting the implementation of stunting reduction programs It was a qualitative study in Bogor District. Primary data were collected using interview guidelines to nine offi cials of the Bogor District Government agency related to the stunting program in Bogor District. Secondary data were collected using desk review. Data were analyzed using Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) and External Factor Evaluation (EFE) analysis. The results showed that total score of IFE is 2.96 and EFE scores is 2.94. Bogor District Government can optimally use its strengths and cut its weaknesses in the internal program. Likewise, Bogor District Government have taken advantage of external opportunities and avoided threats.

Background: The compliance of Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) 2010 influences their risk of complications in type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In Indonesia, AHEI-2010 has not been widely used in evaluating the diet quality in people after diagnosed T2DM. Objectives: To analyze changes in diet quality of adults patients with T2DM. Methods: This study was analyzed using a secondary data from “Cohort Study of Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factors” by Indonesian Ministry of Health, on 105 adults newly diagnosed with T2DM. The diagnosis of T2DM was assessed based on the results laboratory tests of fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥126 mg/dL and 2-hours post-75-g glucose load (2h-PG) ≥200 mg/dL. Dietary intake data was collected twice (at the beginning and the end of monitoring) using a 24-hour recall. The assessment of diet quality uses modified AHEI-2010 USA according to the Indonesians Dietary Guidelines, especially in the portion of the food components. Results: The total score for diet quality was higher at the beginning of monitoring 54.9 than the end of monitoring 53.3 and there was no statistical significance differences (p≥0.05). The total score from diet quality decreased 1.1 points, 53.4% of subjects showed score deterioration (deteriorating diet quality) and 46.7% showed score improvement (improved diet quality). There was a significant differences at the beginning and the end of monitoring only to components score of red/processed meat (p

Adequate intake of vitamin A during lactation is very crucial due to its eff ect on retinol levels in breast milk. This study was aimed to analyze the changes in food consumption and vitamin A intake of lactating mothers in moment and three months after giving birth. This study used a cohort design for 3 months involving 295 breastfeeding mothers. Subjects were selected according to inclusion criteria including mother with normal labour and full term month normally and term, have a baby with normal birth weight, and maximum of a third parity. A 2x24 hour food recall questionnaire was used to determine nutrient intake and a food frequency questionnaire to determine the consumption habits of sources of vitamin A. The Wilcoxon test and paired t test were used in this study. The results of study showed that the most frequently consumed vegetables both shortly and three months after childbirth were tomatoes, 65% and 73.9% respectively. Most frequently consumed fruits were mangoes, 18.3% and 13.6%. While the most frequently consumed animal source foods were eggs, 68.1% and 79.7%, respectively. Among the consumption of vitamin A sources foods, only the consumption of tomatoes, milk, and cooking oil were found increase signifi cantly in three months after delivery (p 0.05). It is necessary to increase the consumption of vitamin A food sources, especially during lactation to increase the content of vitamin A in breast milk to meet the needs of newborns and prevent vitamin A defi ciency both in mother and baby

Penilaian kualitas diet dengan metode Healthy Eating Index (HEI) versi Indonesia belum banyak digunakan. Metode HEI penting digunakan untuk melihat kualitas diet seseorang dalam keadaan sakit atau sehat yang nantinya bisa untuk menunjukan status kesehatan masa kini dan masa depan yang dilihat dari segi gizi. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap perubahan kualitas diet pada penderita Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK). Penelitian ini menggunakan data Studi Kohort Faktor Risiko Penyakit Tidak Menular periode tahun 2013-2016. Ditemukan 124 kasus baru PJK dari hasil EKG. Konsumsi pangan menggunakan metode 1x24 jam setahun sebelum PJK dan setahun setelah PJK. Kualitas diet dengan US-HEI yang dimodifikasi jumlah porsinya sesuai dengan pedoman gizi seimbang Indonesia. Perubahan kualitas diet dinilai dari selisih skor HEI setelah PJK dengan sebelum PJK. Terdapat perbedaan perubahan dan peningkatan kualitas diet yang signifikan yaitu pada skor total kualitas diet 7.9%, secara spesifik pada skor komponen buah-buahan 51.9%, kacang-kacangan 16.9%, dan sodium 10.6%. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi peningkatan kualitas diet pada penderita PJK yaitu pendapatan keluarga cukup, dan aktivitas fisik yang cukup. Sedangkan faktor yang memengaruhi penurunan kualitas diet yaitu kadar kolesterol HDL yang tinggi. Hasil ini menegaskan bahwa untuk pencegahan PJK harus diikuti dengan meningkatkan aktivitas fisik, disertai dengan dukungan pendapatan yang cukup.

Ketika pertama kali mendengar diagnose autisme atau ASD pada anak mereka, orang tua seringkali merasa stress dan sangat membutuhkan dukungan sosial dari lingkungannya. Dukungan sosial menjadi penting agar orang tua dapat mengurangi stres dan mengurangi ketidakpastian terkait penanganan ASD pada anak mereka. Kehadiran komunitas virtual mempunyai implikasi yang cukup positif sebagai sarana bertukar informasi dan berkomunikasi dengan member lain yang memiliki masalah serupa tentang penanganan anak ASD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjabarkan informasi apa saja yang dipertukarkan pada komunitas virtual dan mengidentifikasi peran komunitas virtual untuk anak ASD. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan metode etnografi virtual. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan content analysis dilakukan di Facebook LRD Member Suar Autisme dengan meneliti 178 unggahan dan 3.569 komentar dan wawancara mendalam pada admin. Data kemudian dikoding dengan menggunakan software NVivo 12 Pro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran komunitas adalah untuk mendapatkan dukungan sosial, baik berupa dukungan informasi maupun dukungan emosi. Pencarian dukungan informasi (informational support) terdiri dari dua tema besar yakni Penanganan Medis dan Penanganan Psikososial, sedangkan pencarian dukungan emosi (emotional support) meliputi Sharing Experience, Reinforcement, Empathy, serta Build Optimism and Hope.

Abstrak Secara global, kegagalan pertumbuhan linier merupakan bentuk paling umum dari kekurangan gizi pada masa anak-anak, dimana sekitar 165 juta anak balita mengalami stunting. Akan tetapi, masih terdapat perdebatan mengenai kaitan antara stunting pada anak-anak dengan kejadian kegemukan maupun obesitas pada usia-usia selanjutnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis trajektori IMT/U dari anak-anak hingga remaja pada anak yang memiliki riwayat stunting dan normal. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kohort retrospektif, dengan menggunakan data sekunder Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) yang merupakan kolaborasi dari Research and Development (RAND) dan Survey Meter. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah 314 (43.6%) anak yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Pendekatan yang digunakan untuk mempelajari trajektori IMT/U adalah Individual Growth Curve (IGC) model. Analisis IGC dilakukan dengan prosedur Linear Mixed Model pada IBM SPSS Statistics versi 25. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat selisih nilai z-score IMT/U sebesar 0.505 (β= -0.505; SE= 0.138; p

Iodine status in school-age children determined from iodine urine excretion and iodine intake Background: School-age children are more at risk if they experience deficiencies and excess iodine. The concentration of iodine in urine is a good biomarker for assessing iodine intake, 90% of iodine intake will be excreted through urine. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the iodine status of school-age children based on urinary iodine excretion (UIE) and iodine intake. Method: The study design used a cross-sectional study on 44 healthy school-aged children in Bogor Regency. Subject selection was done purposively in healthy 5th-grade elementary school students. The data taken in this study was urine iodine excretion concentration and food recall (1x24 hours). Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation test. Results: Median iodine excretion concentration in urine was 157 μg/l and the average daily iodine intake of children was 83.29 mg/day. Conclusion: The concentration of iodine excretion in the urine of the children is in the category of sufficient iodine as recommended by WHO / UNICEF / ICCID while the daily intake of iodine for children is still in the less category. The results showed that there was no association of iodine daily intake with iodine excretion concentration in urine(p=0.469).

Nutrition and maternal behavior are critical factors in fetal development. Maternal water intake is necessary to regulate metabolism and may influence fetal growth. This study aims to determine the effect of dehydration during pregnancy on birth weight and length. This cohort-prospective study took place in the area of Kebon Jeruk District Health Centre. A total of 38 subjects of pregnant women in their second trimester were examined. Subject characteristics were collected through direct measurements and interviews. Urine and blood samples were collected at the sixth trimester (32–34 and 35–37 weeks) to determine hydration status. Nutritional status was collected through food recall, while birth weight and length were obtained from the anthropometric measurements 30 min after birth. From a total of 38 subjects, 20 were dehydrated, and 18 were well hydrated. There was a significant relationship between hydration status and water intake, birth weight and length, head circumference, and chest circumference. After being corrected to the level of water intake, the difference in birth weight and length between the two groups were 500⋅6 g and 0⋅4 cm, and 0⋅8 cm and 1⋅4 cm for the head circumference and chest circumference (P < 0⋅05). It is recommended for mothers to monitor their weight and ensure fluid intake of 3⋅0 l per day. Further research requires more subjects to observe the effects of chronic maternal dehydration on pregnancy output and a cohort study that monitors infant development in the first six months of life.

Prevalensi anemia ibu hamil di Indonesia masih tergolong tinggi, diantaranya dipengaruhi oleh pelaksanaan program TTD yang kurang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor internal dan eksternal serta merumuskan strategi guna mengoptimalkan program TTD di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Metode penelitian menggunakan cross sectional study dengan wawancara mendalam kepada pemangku kepentingan program TTD di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Analisis Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) dan Eksternal Factor Evaluation (EFE) digunakan untuk mengetahui keadaan program TTD. Analisis Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) digunakan untuk menyusun alternatif strategi dan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) digunakan untuk menentukan prioritas strategi. Hasil penelitian diperoleh skor IFE 2.14 menunjukkan secara internal, program tidak mengoptimalkan kekuatan dan tidak menghindari kelemahan. Skor EFE 2.10 menunjukkan program tidak mengoptimalkan peluang dan tidak menghindari ancaman. Alternatif strategi yang dihasilkan meliputi; peningkatan komitmen, peran dan kemitraan antar stakeholder; peningkatan program aksi; peningkatan sarana prasarana; dan peningkatan kapasitas tenaga kesehatan

The main nutritional problems of teenagers in developing countries are, among others, the less nutrition that is reflected from stunting (Fatmah, 2010). Riskesdas 2013 results show the prevalence of adolescent stunting group age 16-18 years by 31.4% (Balitbangkes, 2013). Stunting is a linear growth disorder caused by multifactors that are likely to interfere with metabolism. Research purposes is to know the prevalence of stunting in the late adolescent, and to analyze the effect of risk factors socioeconomic characteristics, consumption of milk and carbonated beverages, and physical activity of events final teenage stunting. The design of this research is cross-sectional study. This study was conducted in the month December 2014 at the Bogor Agricultural Institute (IPB). The number of sample is 488 students of TPB IPB 2014/2015. Selection of sample is done by purposive sampling, with criterion of student of TPB-IPB age 17-19 years, consume milk regularly at least 1 time per week, healthy (not being sick or have a disease), and are willing to be a research respondent. Data on socio-economic characteristics, frequency of milk consumption, and consumption of carbonated beverages with questionnaires. High anthropometric data body measured directly. The data are then presented in the form of tables and diagrams. Results research shows that the prevalence of adolescent stunting obtained from this research is 16,4%, lower if compared to 2013 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) data for adolescents 16-18 years old national (Balitbangkes, 2013). Risk factors that affect the incidence of stunting is education father with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.912; 95% CI (1,119-3,268). Expected risk factor for late teenage stunting can decrease by increasing knowledge of stunting prevention for generations next. It is expected that the risk factor for late teenage stunting may decrease with increasing knowledge of stunting prevention for the next generation.

Abstrak Suplemen gizi berbasis lipid dosis kecil (SQ-LNS) yang diperkaya lemak dan kandungan vitamin dan mineral dapat memenuhi kekurangan asupan dan kebutuhan zat besi dan hal ini dapat berpotensi untuk mengurangi prevalensi anemia pada anak-anak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji dampak pemberian SQ-LNS dan biskuit terhadap kadar hemoglobin dan mengurangi kejadian anemia. Rancangan penelitian ini non-randomized controlled trial selama enam bulan pada 168 bayi yang menerima 20 g S-LNS atau 3 keping biskuit atau tanpa intervention setiap hari. Kadar hemoglobin diukur pada awal penelitian, 3 dan 6 bulan setelah intervensi dengan hemocue autoanalyzer. Untuk membandingkan kadar hemoglobin menggunakan uji Linear Model ANCOVA dan uji regresi logistic untuk perbedaan insiden anemia. Pada kelompok SQ-LNS setelah 3 bulan intervensi, kadar hemoglobin meningkat secara signifikan sampai 0.73 g/dl (p

Background: Morbidity of infectious diseases in developing countries is a public health concern because the prevalence is still high, particularly for children under five years. Vitamin A intake was one of factors that may affect morbidity. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze relation between vitamin A supplementation, nutrition intake with vitamin A status and relation between vitamin A supllementation, nutrition intake, vitamin A status with morbidity. Method: The study was an cross-sectional study. This research was conductedin February-March 2016 in Kudus and Grobogan Central Java. Subjectsin this study were children aged 1-3 years(n=140). Retinol serum was collected by taking blood sample through the vein then was analyzed using HPLC, nutrients intake with food recall 2x24jam, and structured interviews with mother children. Data were analyzed with Chi-Square test. Results: The study found that 68 subjects (48.6%) were not took vitamin A supplemantation capsule. Prevalence of childrens had nutrient deficiency (

Background: Urine Iodine Concentration (UIC) is the indicator to assess iodine status. UIC from 24-hour urine collection appropriate to used as a direct measure of the iodine status and helps to validate the estimates intake of iodine. 24-hours urine collection is not practical in large studies and epidemiological surveys because it is quite difficult to complete and accurate collection. WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD recommend the use of on spot urine collection. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare of 24-hour urine collection and spot urine collection for the assessment UIC in children. Method: The cross-sectional study was applied in Bogor. UIC was measured in 24-hour urine and parallel collected three spot urine namely on spot 1 collected morning, on spot 2 collected afternoon, and on spot 3 collected evening, sample urine collected from 44 healthy children age 10-13 years. UIC of 24-hour urine and one spot urine analyzed in the laboratory GAKY FK UNDIP using acid digestion method. Results: The average UIC from 24-hour urine collection was 179.77 ± 56.4 µg/l and UIC from on spot urine collection were on spot morning 145.30 ± 63.6 µg/l, on spot afternoon 159.95 ± 64.5 µg/l, and on spot evening 167.50 ± 66.1 µg/l. However, UIC correlation between UIC from on spot afternoon and UIC 24-hour (r = 0.456) with 66.67 % sensitivity and 75.61 % specificity. Conclusion: UIC urine samples from lunch to dinner more accurately reflects the UIC 24 hours to categorize the iodine status of the population. UIC from spot urine samples collected on the afternoon can be used as an alternative to evaluate the iodine status of school-age children.

Background: There can no longer be any doubt that adolescents do indeed have body esteem problems. Several types of research seem to suggest that this wrong behavior caused by some negative perceptions as a result of dissatisfaction with the body and a person’s level of self-confidence. Therefore they often do misperceptions of his/her body that can lead to wrong dietary behavior. It’s related to the development of more severe body image and eating-related problems. Objective: This study determined the relationship of body image perception and eating disorders in adolescents. Method: A cross-sectional study was applied in this study. The subjects were 120 new students majoring in a nutritional program in Bogor Agricultural University (IPB). They completed a questionnaire measuring appearance evaluation, appearance orientation, body areas satisfaction, overweight preoccupation, self-classified weight and eating disorders. Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scale (MBSRQ-AS) method is used to assess body image perception and Eating Attitude Test 40 (EAT-40) to predict eating disorders. Results: Descriptive analysis showed nutritional status were categorized as normal (83.3%), overweight (10.0%), obesity (4.2%) and thin (2.5%). With MBSRQ-AS method, most of the adolescents have appearance evaluation (80.0%), appearance orientation (99.2%), body areas satisfaction (80.8%), self-classified weight (71.7%) were categorized as negative, whereas overweight preoccupation (57.5%) were categorized as positive. There was (7.8%) female subject with eating disorders with more risk or have attitude the desire to eat continuously and can’t stop eating (2-3 times a month). Conclusion: Statistically using a significance level (α=5%) obtained a significant correlation between body image perception in overweight preoccupation subscale with eating disorders. However, there were no significant correlations for other subscales.

Local food fortification for improving iron status is one of the alternative programs in addition to iron tablet supplementation. The objective of this study was to analyze the efficacy of fortified sweet potato cookies for improving hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations in female students. The pre-post intervention study was applied to 74 female students of SMK Pelita in Bogor District. The study was conducted from May to July 2012. The sweet potato cookies used were fortified with 10.5 mg vitamin A, 42 μg vitamin B12, 1.25 g vitamin C, 2 mg folic acid, and 150 mg iron fumarate per 100 g cookies. Subjects received 40 g cookies three times a week for two months. The average Hb concentration before intervention was 13.4±1.4 g/dL. After intervention, there was an increase in hemoglobin concentration (mean 0.4±1.6 g/dL). About 65.2% subjects experienced increase in their Hb concentration. However, after the intervention the anemia prevalence slightly increased from 10.8% to 18.8% although this increase is not statistically significant (p>0.05). In conclusion, fortified sweet potato cookies intervention for two months does not reduce anemia prevalence in female students. Further studies are required by extending intervention times and applying other indicators of iron status.

Background: Human body requires water for the active and healthy life. Water is actually a nutrient, and there is a tendency that some people neglect its important roles for health. Water requirements can vary depends on physical activity, age groups, body weight, climate, and diet (energy intake). Objective: The study aimed to identify drinking habits and to assess water intake and its adequacy of teenagers in urban. Method: Cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2009 in high school SMAN 2 Bogor. The samples were healthy student at grade X and XI. The number of sample was 83 students which calculated based on mean estimation. Food and beverages consumption was assessed with 2 x 24 hours recall during a week-day and a week-end. Meanwhile, the last week drinking habits was collected by interviewed. Statistical analysis used here was independent t-test. Results: The average of water intake was 2582 ± 834 ml, whereas 2939 ± 922 ml for boys and 2250 ± 581 ml for girls. The total water intake was from solid foods (656 ± 265 ml) and beverages (1927 ± 704 ml). The contribution of drinking water to the total water intake was 51% for boys (1495 ml) and 58% for girls (1311 ml). The average water adequacy was 132% for boys and 111% for girls. Conclusion: The average of water intake was consider adequate in teenagers, however there was still 24.1% of them consumed less than 90% of water adequacy.

Background: The iron supplementation program is implemented in many countries for improving the iron status. However, this program is not always successfully reducing the prevalence of anemia due to the various factors. Objective: To determine the success factors of iron supplementation program at the female school students. Method: The program of iron supplementation at the school was run by the Health Office of Bekasi City. The pre-post design study was applied among junior and senior high school female students. The variables collected were age, health status, menstrual pattern, hand washing habit, body mass index, capsule compliance, and food consumption. The hemoglobin (Hb) was measured by cyanmethemoglobin method. The logistic regression was applied to analyses the determinant factors. Results: The prevalence of anemia among female students was decreased by 3.4% after four month of supplementation. However, its result was different between the junior and senior high school students, in fact the prevalence of anemia at the junior students was increased. The number of students at the junior high school who decreased in hemoglobin and became anemia were more than the senior high school. The logistic regression analyses showed that the success determinant of iron supplementation program were students not anemic before supplementation (OR = 10.81; 90% CI: 7.04-16.50) and they used to hand washing (OR = 11.22; 90% CI: 1.90-64.60). Conclusion: After the iron supplementation program, the decrease prevalence of anemia was different between the junior and senior high school students. The determinants of success program were hand washing habits and the anemia status before supplementation.

ABSTRACT Heavy exercise can increase free radicals. The imbalance of the body’s natural antioxidant ability can cause oxidative stress and enhance blood lactic acid levels. The body requires exogenous antioxidants to meet antioxidant requirements against free radicals. Temulawak has antioxidant effects.This study examined the effect of temulawak extract and multivitamin-mineral supplements to decrease lactic acid levels in the blood plasma. This experimental design was a double-blind randomized controlled trial by recruited 35 football athletes of PPLP Salatiga, Central Java. We divided group treatment in to five, namely group I: placebo, group II : temulawak extract contains curcumin (TECC) 250 mg/day, group III: TECC 500 mg/day, group IV: TECC 750 mg/day, group V: multivitamin-mineral (MVM) capsules/day contained beta carotene (5000 IU); vitamin E (200 IU); vitamin C (500 mg); Zn (15 mg); and selenium (50 mcg). Capsules had been given for 17 days. The TECC 250 mg, placebo, and MVM groups increased its lactic acid level respectively were 0.24 ± 0.30 mmol/L, 0.30 ± 0.69 mmol /L, and 0.40 ± 1.34 mmol/L. The TECC 500 mg, MVM and TECC 750 mg groups declined its lactic acid level respectively were -0.04 ± 0.55 mmol/L, -0.40 ± 1.34 mmol/L and -0.80 ± 0.73 mmol/L. Ancova statistical test showed that decreased of lactic acid levels after intervention (adjusted) was influenced by levels of lactic acid and variations of treatment (p 0.05). The TECC 750 mg group was the best for decreasing lactic acid levels of athlete. Keywords: athletes, lactic acid, multivitamins minerals, temulawak. ABSTRAK Latihan berat dapat meningkatkan radikal bebas. Ketidakseimbangan kemampuan antioksidan alami tubuh menyebabkan stres oksidatif dan peningkatan kadar asam laktat. Tubuh memerlukan antioksidan eksogen dari luar tubuh untuk mencukupi kebutuhan antioksidan melawan radikal bebas. Temulawak merupakan tanaman herbal yang mempunyai efek antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efek pemberian esktrak temulawak dan mulivitamin mineral terhadap penurunan asam laktat darah. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah double blind randomized controlled trial. Subjek berjumlah 35 atlet sepakbola PPLP Salatiga Jawa Tengah. Penelitian dikelompokkan menjadi 5 perlakuan: kelompok I plasebo, kelompok II pemberian kapsul ekstrak temulawak kandungan Kurkumin (ETKK) 250 mg/hari, kelompok III ETKK 500 mg/hari, kelompok IV ETKK 750 mg/hari, kelompok V diberi kapsul multivitamin dan mineral (MVM) per hari (betakaroten 5000 UI, vitamin E 200 UI, vitamin C 500 mg, Zn 15 mg, selenium 50 mcg). Kapsul diberikan selama 17 hari. Data dianalisis menggunakan anova dan ancova. Kelompok perlakuan mengalami penurunan adalah ETKK 500 mg, MVM dan ETKK 750 mg masing-masing sebesar -0,04 ± 0,55 mmol/L, -0,40 ± 1,34 mmol/L dan -0,80 ± 0,73 mmol/L. Hasil uji ancova, penurunan kadar asam laktat setelah intervensi (adjusted) dipengaruhi kadar asam laktat awal dan variasi perlakuan (ppost-hoc LSD menunjukkan bahwa penurunan kadar asam laktat (adjusted) pada ETKK 750 mg lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan plasebo, ETKK 250 mg dan ETKK 500 mg (p0,05). Pemberian ekstrak temulawak kadar Kurkumin 750 mg terbaik dalam menurunkan kadar asam laktat secara signifikan pada atlet. Kata kunci: atlet, asam laktat, multivitamin mineral, temulawak.

Parents have an important role in childcare. Not all parents, especially fathers are able to practice child caring in proper and adequate way. The objective of this research was to analyze relationship of stimulation given by parents to the development of their children. The research was carried out in surrounding Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) Darmaga Campus. Samples consisted of two groups of children, 37 normal and 37 stunting were drawn randomly from the participants of World Food Program (WFP) feeding project in Bogor District. Data were collected from April to May 2005. The instruments used to measure stimulation and child development were referred to Ministry of Health recommendation used by Posyandu cadres. Spearman rank correlation and descriptive statistics were applied to analyze the data. Research results showed that family characteristics between the two groups are relatively the same. The age of stunting children was younger and period of sickness was shorter than that of normal children. It was also found that not all children get adequate stimulation. Stimulation was practiced by only 48-72% family. After 18 months old the children were intensively stimulated by the largest portion of mothers. The stunting children received stimulation intensively beginning at earlier age and the stimulation mostly practiced by mother. Only small part of stimulation was taken by father after the children reach one year. At the average, score stimulation was low in 21-22% normal and stunting children. The stimulation practiced by parents significantly related to child development.