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[513] Dodecastigma uleanum (Pax & K.Hoffm.) G.L.Webster Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 25: 237 [13 Aug. 2007] (Webster 2007). — Cunuria uleana Pax & K.Hoffm., Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.147.XIV (Heft 68): 51 [6 June 1919] (Pax & Hoffmann 1919). — Anomalocalyx uleanus (Pax & K.Hoffm.) Ducke, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 344 [30 Mar. 1932] (Ducke 1932 ). HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — A single collection, R.A.A.Oldeman B-3139. SIZE. — Up to 25 cm dbh (Secco 2005)., Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 462, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777, {"references":["SECCO R. DE S. 2005. - Flora da Reserva Ducke, Amazonas, Brasil - Part I: Euphorbiaceae. Rodriguesia 56 (86): 143 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 2175 - 78602005568624"]}

[512] Dodecastigma integrifolium (Lanj.) Lanj. & Sandwith Kew Bull. 5 (1): 134 (Lanjouw & Sandwith 1950). — Pausandra integrifolia Lanj., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932 (4): 183 [13 June 1932] (Lanjouw 1932). Dodecastigma mazarunense Croizat, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75 (4): 404 [Jul.-Aug. 1948] (Croizat 1948). HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 2 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: S.A. Mori et al. 22811. INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 7 trees in 2 plots; Fmax = 1 %; dbhinv = 23.4 cm., Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 461, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777

Experiments were carried out in the field and in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University during the period from February to August, 2013. Three cucurbitaceous vegetables viz. bitter gourd, ridge gour d and snake gourd were used as test crops. Considering to percent leaf infestation and leaf area consumptions, red pumpkin beetle was found mostly harmful to snake gourd (22.62% and 8.84%, respectively) but least harmful to bitter gourd (3.00% and 1.25%, respectively). On the other hand, Epilachna beetle was found mostly damaging to bitter gourd (46.00% and 21.67% respectively) and least damaging to ridge gourd (11.20% and 5.00%, respectively). Similar to the field experiments, red pumpkin beetle consumed more leaf areas of snake gourd (up to 43.36%) and Epilachna beetle (both adult and grubs) consumed more leaf areas of bitter gourd (up to 91.46%) in the laboratory experiments. Bitter gourd (1.42%) and ridge gourd (0.78% to 41.27%) were least preferable to the red pumpkin beetle and Epilachna beetle, respectively.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(3): 411-416, December 2016

The influence of young, mature and senescent leaves of bitter gourd Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) on the feeding, growth and reproduction of Epilachna dodecastigma (Weid.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were studied under laboratory conditions (27 ± 0.5 °C, 12 h light: 12 h dark photoperiod, 65 ± 5% RH). Larval developmental time of E. dodecastigma was longest on senescent leaves followed by young and mature leaves, whereas the pupal period was shortest on young and mature leaves. The longevity of females was generally higher than males. Male and female longevity were highest on mature leaves and lowest on senescent leaves. Fecundity was highest on mature leaves followed by young and senescent leaves. The growth and development of E. dodecastigma were related with nutrient and phenol content of three types of bitter gourd leaves. Carbohydrate content was higher in young and mature leaves, whereas protein, nitrogen, amino acid and lipid content were in greater quantities in mature leaves followed by young and senescent leaves. Phenol content was greatest in senescent leaves and least in mature leaves. Higher level of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nitrogen and amino acids including water content and lower phenol content of mature leaves had influenced higher growth rate and fecundity of E. dodecastigma.

Epilachna dodecastigma (Wied.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) causes economic losses to bitter gourd, Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) production in India and Bangladesh because adults feed on the leaves and flowers resulting death of the plant. This insect is currently controlled by insecticides, which are harmful to human health and environment. We studied the behavioral responses of E. dodecastigma females to floral volatiles and synthetic compounds comparable to floral volatiles in a Y-tube olfactometer to determine their potential for monitoring this pest. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) analyses of M. charantia floral volatiles revealed the presence of 20 compounds. Myrcene was predominant followed by methyl jasmonate and 1-octadecanol in floral volatiles. Epilachna dodecastigma females were attracted to floral volatiles by a Y-tube olfactometer bioassay. Females were attracted to individual synthetic 1-heptanol, s...

The effect of five constant temperatures of 21, 24, 27, 30 and 33 °C on adult life span, reproduction, oviposition behavior and larval developmental time of a bitter gourd inhabited coleopteran insect Epilachna dodecastigma (Wied.) (Coccinellidae) was determined in laboratory conditions under 70 ± 5 % relative humidity and a photoperiod of 12 L : 12 D. Larval developmental time of E. dodecastigma decreased as temperature increased from 21 to 33 °C. Life table data revealed that overall mortality was lowest at 27 °C and highest at 21 °C. Females lived longer than males at all temperatures; but longevity decreased with increase in temperature. Pre-oviposition period decreased significantly with increase in temperature up to 27 °C and thereafter increased at a slower rate; whereas oviposition period decreased significantly with increase in temperature. Fecundity and egg viability increased significantly with an increase in temperature up to 27 °C and thereafter decreased at a slower rate. The intrinsic rate of increase (r m ) was 0.1703, 0.1984, 0.2235, 0.2227 and 0.2181 day−1 at 21, 24, 27, 30 and 33 °C, respectively. The net reproductive rate and finite rate of increase was highest at 27 °C (R o = 112.05; λ = 1.4233) and lowest at 21 °C (R o = 51.23; λ = 1.2581).

A series of experiments were carried out at the field and laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University to determine the host preference of Epilachna beetle, Epilachna dodecastigma (Wied.) among four cucurbitaceous crops viz. cucumber, bottle Gourd, sweet Gourd and bitter Gourd. Three varieties of each crop were tested. Data on insect incidence, infestation, food consumption and fecundity of E. dodecastigma were collected. The highest number of Epilachna beetle was recorded on cucumber and the lowest was on bottle Gourd both in open field and in net cage condition. Among the varieties, the highest insect incidence was recorded on Sitol Sosa and the lowest was on BARI Lau-4 both in open field and in net cage. The highest leaf and twig infestation was found on cucumber crop and its’ Sitol Sosa variety, while the lowest was on bottle Gourd crop and its' BARI Lau-4 variety in both open field and in net cage. The Epilachna beetle showed the similar host preference in case of daily food consumption and oviposition rate both in net cage and laboratory condition. Thus, considering the insect incidence, infestation, food consumption and fecundity, the crop cucumber and the tested Sitol Sosa variety appeared to be the most preferred host for Epilachna beetle.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 352-358 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12809

Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) is an important vegetable in Asia and Africa. Larvae and adults of Epilachna dodecastigma (Wied.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) consume M. charantia leaves and flowers and reduces crop production. Currently, this pest is controlled by insecticides application. Hence, it is necessary to find out allelochemicals from flowers attracting the insect, which might be used for environment friendly pest management program. Therefore, free fatty acid profile from flowers was characterized and then proposed use of a synthetic blend of fatty acids for development of baited traps. Extraction, thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of M. charantia flowers revealed 14 free fatty acids. The free fatty acids from flowers and synthetic blends of fatty acids mimicking different concentrations of free fatty acids attracted female E. dodecastigma between 50–400 μg/mL concentrations in Y-shaped glass tube olfactometer bioassay. A synthetic blend of 112.61, 29.22,...

Aulacophora foveicollis Lucas (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Epilachna dodecastigma (Wied.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are important herbivore pests of Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng (Cucurbitaceae).The volatile organic compound (VOC) profile from undamaged and mechanically damaged plants, and from plants 24 h and 120 h following continuous feeding of adult female A. foveicollis and E. dodecastigma, was identified and quantified by GC-MS and GC-FID analyses. Twenty-two compounds were identified in volatiles of undamaged plants and in 24-h and 120-h post-insect-feeding plant volatiles; whereas 21 components were detected in volatiles of mechanically damaged plants. With the exception of four compounds, 1-heptanol, 3-octanone, acetophenone and nerolidol, the emissions of all other compounds were significantly increased following insect attack. In all plants, phytol was predominant, followed by geranyl linalool and linalool. Only 2-hexanol was unique to mechanically damaged plants, and 1-octen-3-ol and farnesyl acetone were detected in volatiles of undamaged and insect-damaged plants, but not in volatiles of mechanically damaged plants. However, none of these volatile components, when tested individually, showed attraction to A. foveicollis in Y-shaped glass tube olfactometer bioassays. Aulacophora foveicollis elicited significant preference for the whole volatile blends from insect-damaged plants compared to those of undamaged plants, and volatiles from 120-h post-E. dodecastigma feeding plants were more attractive to A. foveicollis compared to those from conspecifically damaged plants. Furthermore, the finding that A. foveicollis responds to individual synthetic compounds, 1-heptanol, 3-octanol, linalool oxide, 1-octanol, nonanal, geranyl linalool and phytol, and provide a basis for new inventions on trapping tools for pest management strategies.

Epilachna dodecastigma (Wiedemann) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is an important herbivorous pest of bitter gourd, Momordica charantia Linnaeus (Cucurbitaceae) plant in India and Bangladesh. Volatiles were collected from undamaged bitter gourd plants, and from plants 24 and 120 hours following the initiation of continuous adult female feeding damage, and subsequently identified and quantified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry and gas chromatography flame ionisation detector analyses. Of the 24 volatiles identified in the study, 22 were present in all three treatments (undamaged plants, 24 hours after feeding, and 120 hours after feeding), and all plants significantly increased emissions of these compounds following insect attack. In all plants, the compound 1-tridecanol was the most abundant, followed by phytol. Only two compounds were unique to insect damaged plants: methyl palmitate was characteristic of insect damaged plants, while nerolidol was only detected from plants 120 hours following insect attack, however neither of these insect-damage specific volatiles, when tested individually, elicited attraction in Y-shaped glass tube olfactometer bioassays. Epilachna dodecastigma showed significant preference for the whole volatile blends from insect damaged plants compared with whole volatile blends from undamaged plants. Further, the insect elicited attraction to three individual synthetic compounds: geraniol, 1-tridecanol, and phytol, which had significantly higher emissions from insect damaged leaves compared with those from undamaged plants.

Extraction, thin-layer chromatography, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of leaf surface waxes of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) revealed that 20 n-alkanes between n-C15 and n-C36, except n-C34 and n-C35, commonly occur in young, mature, and senescent stages. Hentriacontane, hentriacontane, and hexatriacontane were the predominant compounds in young, mature, and senescent leaves, respectively. The cuticular alkanes from young, mature, and senescent leaves attracted the female insect, Epilachna dodecastigma (Wied.), at 25–400, 25–400, and 100–400 μg concentrations, respectively, whereas the mixtures of synthetic alkanes mimicking cuticular alkanes of young, mature, and senescent leaves showed attraction at 100–400, 100–400, and 200–400 μg concentrations, respectively, in Y-shaped glass tube olfactometer bioassay. The difference in insect attraction is probably due to the absence of branched-chain alkanes in the synthetic mixtures. Individual synthetic heptacosane, nonacosane, and hentriacontane at 28.19–56.90, 32.04–64.08, and 60.44–120.88 μg, respectively, elicited attraction of the insect. A synthetic blend of 4.82, 4.91, 5.71, 6.74, 56.39, 7.94, 62.42, 120.88, and 36.33 μg of nonadecane, eicosane, heneicosane, pentacosane, heptacosane, octacosane, nonacosane, hentriacontane, and tritriacontane, respectively, was most attractive to the insect.

An experiment was carried out to study the effect of temperature on biology, oviposition and feeding behaviour as well as host preference of Epilachna beetle, Epilachna dodecastigma (Wied.) on eight varieties of brinjal, Solanum melongena Linn. from November, 2009 to June, 2010 maintaining controlled temperatures of 15oC, 25oC and 30oC using an incubator in the Department of Entomology, BAU, Mymensingh. Temperature has a profound influence on the oviposition and food consumption of Epilachna beetle. In incubator at 15 o C, 25 o C and 30 o C temperature, larval daily average food consumption (mm2) among eight host plant varieties of S. melongena was the highest on Thamba and the lowest on Bijoy, whereas adults daily mean food consumption at three temperature regimes was the highest on Thamba and the lowest on BAU-2 at 15 o C and 25 o C temperature and at 30 o C temperature the lowest recorded on Bijoy. At 25 o C temperature, the highest oviposition was recorded on Thamba and the lowest found on Jhumki. Similarly at 15 o C and 30 o C temperature, the highest oviposition was also observed on Thamba and the lowest on Bijoy. Thus, the varieties namely Thamba, ISD 006 and Kazla appeared to be preferable hosts, whereas Bijoy, BAU-2 and Jhumki seemed to less preferable. The results revealed that temperature had direct effect on the behaviour and 25°C temperature was congenial to both fecundity and food consumption of the Epilachna beetle. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11572 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 167 - 172, 2012

Three species of epilachnine beetles, Epilachna sp. 3 (aff. emarginata) (EM) feeding on Mikania sp. (Compositae), E. vigintioctopunctata (EV) and E. enneasticta (EN) both feeding on Solanum torvum (Solanaceae), were reared to study the survivorship and fertility schedules under laboratory conditions. Duration for the development of the immature stages, mean longevity of adults, mean length of the pre- and post-reproductive period, and total number of eggs produced per female were recorded. The demographic parameters such as the intrinsic rate of natural increase (r), reproductive value (Vx / Vo)' and mean length of a generation (T) were calculated. In the preceding papers, we reported the demographic traits of three epilachnine beetles obtained in Padang, Sumatra under laboratory conditions. The beetles, Epilachna septima Dieke and E. dodecastigma Wiedemann, both feeding on cucurbitaceous plants showed more prolonged longevity and fertility schedules than temperate species, including Japanese epilachnine beetles. These species are obviously well adapted for living in tropical environment like Padang (Nakamura et at., 1984; Abbas et at., 1985; Inoue et at., 1993). The present article will describe the reproductive schedules of three epilachnine species, Epilachna sp. 3 (aff. emarginata Dieke; see Katakura et at., 1992; thereafter abbreviated as EM), E. vigintioctopunctata Fabricius (EV) and E. enneasticta Mulsant (EN), which were collected in Bogor, West Java, under laboratory conditions, and compare them with the previous results obtained in Padang, Sumatra.

Reproductive isolation in four Sumatran Epilachna species was studied by testing 1) food preference, 2) mate choice, 3) sperm viability and 4) hybrid viability. Food habits of two solanum feeders, E. vigintioctopunctata and E. enneasticta (abbreviated as Ev, Ee) overlapped, while two cucurbit feeders, E. dodecastigma and E. septima (Ed and Es) preferred different food plants. Complete or strong ethological isolation was observed in all but one combination consisting of Ev and Es females and Es males. In this combination, half of the Ev females and all Es females received sperm of Es male(s), but sperm of Es male(s) was inactivated in Ev females. The average percentage of egg hatch for four conspecific combinations was 65.9%, while in 12 interspecific ones none hatched. These results show that the four Epilachna species are completely isolated by the combination of 1) difference of food preference, 2) strong preferences for conspecific matings, 3) inactivation of sperm in heterospecific females, and 4) inviability of eggs from interspecific matings. Food plants of Ev, Ee, and Es were introduced to Sumatra relatively recently and the presumed native food plants of these three species have not been found. Thus, the four Epilachna species had probably been isolated when the present relationship between Epilachna and their food plants was established in West Sumatra.

The present paper elucidates that 0.005 to 0.05 per cent of thiourea has no significant effect on the longevity of Epilachna dodecastigma. However, when the concentration was raised from 0.05 to 0.10 per cent (t = 7.72, P < 0.001) and from 0.10 to 0.20 per cent (t = 1.90, P < 0.20), the longevity of the beetles was significantly reduced. Further, it has also been observed that as the concentration of thiourea increases, the number of eggs laid by the beetle decreases and complete sterility was achieved when 0.05 per cent of thiourea was applied. Therefore, 0.05 per cent of thiourea concentration is the most suitable dose for the sterilization of E. dodecastigma.

Os padrões de distribuição geográfica e as relações taxonómicas das espécies de Sandwithia, Anomalocalyx, Sagotia, Dodecastigma, Pausandra e Pogonophora são apresentados e discutidos. Neste grupo de Euphorbiaceae encontra-se genero que não era referido para o Brasil; genero disjunto entre Brasil e o oeste da Africa; espécies amplamente distribuídas entre a Amazónia, Nordeste e o Leste do Brasil; espécies polimórficas e espécies de distribuição restrita, entre outras situações. Alguns padrões de distribuição aqui apresentados fornecem evidências sobre o paralelismo da flora amazônico-nordestina, as relações entre as floras da América do Sul e África e, possivelmente, sobre o isolamento de espécies durante o Pleistoceno. O trabalho pretende fornecer dados de fitogeografia e taxonomía, para subsidiar estudos de especiação, delimitação taxonómica de espécies, diversidade de espécies amazônicas e à moderna classificação da família Euphorbiaceae. The patterns of geographic distribution and taxonomic relations of the species in the genera Sandwithia, Anomalocalyx, Sagotia, Dodecastigma, Pausandra and Pogonophora are presented and discussed. This Euphorbiaceae group contains one genus that was formerly unreported in Brazil; another that is disjunct between Brazil and West Africa; one species widely distributed in Amazonia, northeast and eastern Brazil; another with a limited distribution; and another that is polymorphic. Some of the distribution patterns presented here indicate strong ties between the floras of Amazonia and northeastern Brazil, relations between the floras of South America and Africa and, possibly, evidence of species isolation in Amazonia during the Pleistocene. This article provides a summary of the author's recent research in phytogeography and taxonomy, which serves as a foundation for studies of speciation, taxonomic limits of species, diversity of species in the Amazon and Northeast Brazil and the modera classification of the Euphorbiaceae.

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of four different host plants viz., teasel gourd, bitter gourd, sponge gourd, and yard long bean on the growth and development of Epilachna dodecastigma Wied under laboratory condition. The number of eggs laid by female beetle was significantly highest feeding on teasel gourd leaves and lowest on yardlong bean leaves. Egg hatching was faster on yardlong bean and delayed on bitter gourd. The host plant, such as sponge gourd produced the large sized larvae, while large pupa and adult were developed by feeding teasel leaves. The smallest larvae, pupae, and adults were found on the consumption of yardlong bean leaves. Highest larval duration was found on sponge gourd followed by bitter gourd and yardlong bean. Both larval and adult food consumption was highest on teasel gourd and lowest on yardlong bean. Considering the biological characteristics and leaf consumption, the plant teasel gourd appeared to be the best host plant for E. dodecastigma. Key Words: Host plant, growth and development, Epilachna dodecastigma, leaf consumption. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i3.3965 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(3) : 403-410, September 2009

The efficacy of neem oil on the mortality, growth and feeding responses of epilachna beetle showed that all the larval instars were susceptible to this oil. The LC50 values were higher at 3rd instar and it was lowest on 1st instar. The LT50 values of oil increases proportionately with increasing larval age and with decreasing oil concentration. Neem oil significantly prolonged larval and pupal periods and some of the treated larvae never reached to the pupae. Pupal recovery and adult emergence were greatly reduced in treated larvae. In addition, neem oil also reduced the food consumption of this beetle by acting as feeding deterrent. Key words: Neem oil, mortality, growth, feeding response, Epilachna dodecastigma.