Search

Case study 4. Lifelong Learning with the â Education and Training Paths by WKOâ (Austrian Economic Chambers). (DOCX 181 kb)

Case study 6. How Learning Materials based on regional Challenges can help to build Communities for the Energy Transition. (DOCX 39 kb)

Case study 1. Co-operative Learning Formats â an important Link in the Chain to implement the SET Plan. (DOCX 45 kb)

Case study 2. Experiences of BET Lecturers with Co-operative Learning Formats. (DOCX 37 kb)

Table S1. Existing co-operative dual studies with masterâ s programmes in Europe. (DOCX 41 kb)

Case study 5. Professional Online Learning at InnoEnergy â A lean Approach to Creating activating Online & Blended Learning. (DOCX 307 kb)

Case study 3. Requirements and potential Benefits for the Industry from Cooperative Learning Formats with HEIs. (DOCX 39 kb)

Case study 7. Benefits and Requirements for Regional Administration from Co-operative Learning Formats with Higher Educational Institutes (HEIs). (DOCX 37 kb)

After the adoption, in 2008, of the EU Climate and Energy Package, initiatives involving the active role of Local Authorities across Europe in the implementation of sustainable energy policies were established. The European Commission launched the Covenant of Mayors to endorse the efforts by local authorities towards the 2020 target. In the frame of PRISMI project 5 draft Sustainable Energy Action Plans (SEAPs) or Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plans (SECAPs) has been developed. The aim of developing a SEAP is to help the local authorities of the study areas of each participating country to have a documented understanding of where it is in terms of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. In addition, local authorities with technical support from the project partners can better plan and organize the actions they intend to implement to meet or even exceed the targets for at least 20% reduction in CO2 emissions by 2020 and / or 40% reduction by 2030

Various initiatives aim to create uniform and systematic pathways for sustainable, low carbon and 100 % renewable energy systems. Besides energy production, waste management on islands is becoming increasingly important. The waste potential on islands is often neglected and is usually dealt with separately from the energy system. However, synergies between different sectors are beneficial for the increase of the overall system efficiency. In this work, waste management is integrated into a smart energy system of islands whereby the concept of biofuel production is employed. Electric vehicles, in the form of vehicle-to-grid technology, are introduced to provide storage for excess electricity generation from the variable sources. Scenarios with different penetration levels of each source were modelled with EnergyPLAN and waste-to-energy supply network optimization model solved in GAMS. The interactions and careful integration of different energy systems had positive impacts on the total energy efficiency and socio- economic costs of the system.

U ovom radu prikazana je analiza i rezultati prijelaza lokalnog energetskog sustava na 100% obnovljivi energetski sustav do 2050. godine. Prijelaz je proveden primjenom analize „od dna prema gore“ (eng. bottom-up). Smatra se da su lokalne zajednice glavni pokretači u prelasku na 100% obnovljivi energetski sustav, s političkog , društvenog i gospodarskog aspekta. Stoga je područje istraživanja određeno prema Nomenklaturi prostornih jedinica za statistiku na trećoj razini. U uvodu je dana definicija analize „od dna prema gore“ u usporedbi s analizom „od vrha prema dolje“ (eng. top-down) , definicija sustava klasifikacije prostornih jedinica za potrebe službene statistike Europske unije kao i objašnjenje holističkog pristupa u energetskom planiranju. Nakon uvoda razvijene su i opisane metode. Metode se sastoje od nekoliko koraka i prikazane su u obliku koji omogućava primjenjivost metoda na sustave različitih veličina i složenosti. Nakon razvoja metoda, provedena je analiza slučaja za Dubrovačko-neretvansku županiju. Energetski sustav analiziran je za baznu, 2015. godinu. Ukupna potrošnja energije za 2015 godinu bila je 2.24 TWh od čega je potrošnja u sektoru prometa iznosila 1.25 TWh. Nakon toga ispitan je potencijal obnovljivih izvora energije u županiji. Najveći potencijal ima energija vjetra, Sunca i hidroenergija. Poseban naglasak je stavljen na određivanje potencijala biomase kako bi njeno korištenje u energetske svrhe ostalo u granicama održivosti. Potencijal biomase iznosio je 510.4 GWh. Modeliranje scenarija provedeno je za cjelokupni energetski sustav, uključujući sektor transporta. Zbog složenosti takve tranzicije predloženo je nekoliko alternativnih rješenja. Dvije od tri varijacije baziraju se na konceptu 100% obnovljivog energetskog sustava (eng. 100% renewable energy system ) dok se treći temelji na principu nulte ukupne emisije ugljičnog dioksida. Kako bi se osigurala fleksibilnost i omogućila implementacija veće količine intermitentnih obnovljivih izvora energije prihvaćen je koncept pametnog energetskog sustava. Za usporedbu 100% obnovljivog energetskog sustava razvijen je temeljni (eng. business as usual) scenarij. Ukupna potrošnja u temeljnom scenariju u usporedbi s baznim predstavlja porast od 57.8%. S druge strane, potrošnja energije u 100% obnovljivom scenariju s proizvodnjom elektrogoriva (eng. electrofuels) iznosila je 1.49 TWh što predstavlja 33.3% manju potrošnju nego u baznoj godini. Na kraju je provedena diskusija o rezultatima s energetskog i ekonomskog aspekta. This thesis presents analysis and results of energy transition to a 100% renewable energy system of a local area by the year 2050. The transition is carried out by bottom-up approach. Local areas are considered to be initiators in building 100% renewable energy system, from the political, social, and economic point of view. Therefore, the study area has been selected according to the third level of the Nomenclature of units for territorial statistics (NUTS). Firstly, definition of bottom-up approach in comparison to the top-down, definition of European Union territory classification for statistical purposes, and explanation of holistic approach were given. Secondly, the general methods were defined and described. Methods were presented in a form of several steps so reapplication is possible to other systems of different size and complexity. After establishing methods, a case study for Dubrovnik-Neretva county was made. Energy system was analysed for the baseline year. Final energy consumption in the year 2015 was 2.24 TWh out of which 1.25 TWh was in transport sector. Afterward, the potential of local renewable energy sources was investigated. The biggest potential had wind, solar and hydro where special emphasis was on biomass potential in order to keep its utilization on sustainable level. Biomass potential accounted for 510.4 GWh. Modelling of the scenario was done for complete energy system – including transport sector. Due to transition complexity in transport sector, several alternatives were proposed. Two out of three variations follow 100% renewable energy system approach while third was made in accordance with the net zero carbon system approach. In order to ensure system flexibility and higher penetration level of intermittent renewable energy sources (IRES) smart energy system concept was used. As a benchmark for 100% renewable energy system business-as-usual scenario was made. Final energy consumption of all sectors in BAU scenario in comparison to the baseline represents growth of 57.8%. On the other hand, energy consumption of 100% RES scenario with electrofuel production was 1.49 TWh which was 33.3% lower than in the baseline year. Finally, all results were discussed from both, energy and economic aspect.

Renewable islands have been a subject of academic research for some time. Real-life examples of highly renewable and sustainable island systems can be found all over the World (Samsø, Denmark ; El Hierro, Spain ; Hawaii, USA ; Kodiak Island, USA ; Iceland). Due to their geographic isolation from mainland electro-energetic system, islands pose a challenge for developing renewable, sustainable and independent energy systems. In this paper the energy systems of islands Vis, Lastovo, Korčula, Mljet and the peninsula Pelješac are modeled. RenewIsland methodology is used for mapping energy needs of local residents and industries, mapping of available resources, and devising scenarios with technologies that can use available resources to cover needs. Scenarios with different integration dynamic of variable renewable energy sources, with electrical vehicles, are explored using EnergyPLAN. Electric vehicles are connected to the grid using smart systems (vehicle-to-grid) and serve as a storage for electrical energy from variable sources. Scenarios are devised for the year 2025, 2030 and 2035. Because of the islands geographic proximity the scenarios are divided in two major sets, one set for isolated energy systems and the other for interconnected energy systems. Interconnection analysis is carried out using MultiNode tool expansion of EnergyPLAN. Each island will act as a separate trading zone for electrical energy, acting together as one system. The aim of this paper is to analyse how much more locally produced energy can be integrated into the system and to investigate the techno-economic feasibility for the scenarios in the interconnected mode. The results have shown that interconnecting renewable energy sources and energy storages on multiple islands cuts overall system cost as opposed to each island developing an isolated renewable energy system.

U sklopu ovog rada analiziraju se karakteristike razdjelnika topline. To su uređaji koji određuju udio toplinske energije isporučene samostalnoj uporabnoj cjelini u ukupno isporučenoj toplinskoj energiji izmjerenoj na zajedničkom mjerilu toplinske energije. Razdjelnici topline nisu mjerila toplinske energije. U prvom poglavlju navedene su osnove sustava grijanja te je dan kratak pregled načina mjerenja potrošnje toplinske energije u svrhu naplate isporučene toplinske energije. Navedena je i zakonska regulativa koja propisuje ugradnju razdjelnika topline i termostatskih radijatorskih ventila. Drugo poglavlje donosi klasifikaciju razdjelnika topline prema europskim normama za elektroničke razdjelnike topline prema normi EN 834 i za isparničke razdjelnike topline prema normi EN 835. Prikazane su osnovne karakteristike uređaja s konstrukcijskim zahtjevima. Nadalje, usporednom analizom tipova razdjelnika ističu se njihove prednosti odnosno nedostaci u eksploataciji. Treće poglavlje definira dodatne uređaje i postupke potrebne uz ugradnju razdjelnika topline. U četvrtom poglavlju ukratko se opisuju faze prilikom ugradnje uređaja od donošenja odluke o ugradnji razdjelnika topline i izbora specijalizirane tvrtke koja će obavljati radove do očitanja potrošnje na ugrađenim razdjelnicima i naplati toplinske energije. Kroz peto poglavlje se analiziraju podaci prikupljeni mjerenjem potrošnje toplinske energije za dvije ogrjevne sezone, jedna bez ugrađenih razdjelnika te druga s ugrađenim razdjelnicima topline. This thesis examines the characteristics of heat cost allocators. Heat cost allocators do not measure heat energy. Instead, they determine the share of heat delivered to single consumer units in total heat consumption, measured by common heat energy meters. First, heating systems are introduced and the fundamental principles are discussed. A brief overview of different approaches to the measurement of heat consumption for billing purposes is given. The legal regulations pertaining to the installation of heat cost allocators and thermostatic radiator valves are also presented. Second, heat cost allocators are classified according to the European Standard EN 834 for the appliances with electrical energy supply and the European Standard EN 835 for the appliances without electrical energy supply based on the evaporation principle. The basic characteristics of heat cost allocators as well as the design requirements are also discussed. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of different types of heat cost allocators is made to show their respective advantages and disadvantages in use. Next, additional equipment and procedures required for proper installation of heat cost allocators are defined. Then, the steps to be taken in the process of heat cost allocator installation are described, from a decision to install the device, the selection of a company specializing in heat cost allocator installation that will carry out the task to heat consumption reading and heat energy billing. Finally, the data collected by measuring heat energy consumption during two heating seasons, one without and the other with installed heat cost allocators, are analyzed.