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1. A Plastic Scintillation Muon Veto for Sub-Kelvin Temperatures

Author

Erhart, A., Wagner, V., Wex, A., Goupy, C., Lhuillier, D., Namuth, E., Nones, C., Rogly, R., Savu, V., Schwarz, M., Strauss, R., Vivier, M., Abele, H., Angloher, G., Bento, A., Burkhart, J., Canonica, L., Cappella, F., Casali, N., Cerulli, R., Cruciani, A., del Castello, G., Roccagiovine, M. del Gallo, Doblhammer, A., Dorer, S., Friedl, M., Garai, A., Ghete, V. M., Hauff, D., Jeanneau, F., Jericha, E., Kaznacheeva, M., Kinast, A., Kluck, H., Langenkämper, A., Lasserre, T., Mancuso, M., Martin, R., Mazzolari, A., Mazzucato, E., Neyrial, H., Oberauer, L., Ortmann, T., Pattavina, L., Peters, L., Petricca, F., Potzel, W., Pröbst, F., Pucci, F., Reindl, F., Romagnoni, M., Rothe, J., Schermer, N., Schieck, J., Schönert, S., Schwertner, C., Scola, L., Soum-Sidikov, G., Stodolsky, L., Tamisari, M., Tomei, C., and Vignati, M.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Rare-event search experiments located on-surface, such as short-baseline reactor neutrino experiments, are often limited by muon-induced background events. Highly efficient muon vetos are essential to reduce the detector background and to reach the sensitivity goals. We demonstrate the feasibility of deploying organic plastic scintillators at sub-Kelvin temperatures. For the NUCLEUS experiment, we developed a cryogenic muon veto equipped with wavelength shifting fibers and a silicon photo multiplier operating inside a dilution refrigerator. The achievable compactness of cryostat-internal integration is a key factor in keeping the muon rate to a minimum while maximizing coverage. The thermal and light output properties of a plastic scintillation detector were examined. We report first data on the thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the polystyrene-based scintillator UPS-923A over a wide range of temperatures extending below one Kelvin. The light output was measured down to 0.8K and observed to increase by a factor of 1.61$\pm$0.05 compared to 300K. The development of an organic plastic scintillation muon veto operating in sub-Kelvin temperature environments opens new perspectives for rare-event searches with cryogenic detectors at sites lacking substantial overburden.

Published
2023

3. Study of collision and $\gamma$-cascade times following neutron-capture processes in cryogenic detectors

Author

CRAB collaboration, Soum-Sidikov, G., Abele, H., Burkhart, J., Cappella, F., Casali, N., Cerulli, R., Chalil, A., Chebboubi, A., Crocombette, J-P., del Castello, G., Roccagiovine, M. del Gallo, Doblhammer, A., Dorer, S., Dumonteil, E., Erhart, A., Giuliani, A., Goupy, C., Gunsing, F., Jericha, E., Kaznacheeva, M., Kinast, A., Kluck, H., Langenkämper, A., Lasserre, T., Letourneau, A., Lhuillier, D., Litaize, O., de Marcillac, P., Marnieros, S., Martin, R., Materna, T., Mazzucato, E., Nones, C., Ortmann, T., Pattavina, L., Poda, D. V., Peters, L., Rothe, J., Schermer, N., Schieck, J., Schönert, S., Serot, O., Stodolsky, L., Strauss, R., Thulliez, L., Vignati, M., Vivier, M., Wagner, V., and Wex, A.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The emission of $\gamma$-rays after a neutron capture in a cryogenic detector can generate mono-energetic nuclear recoils in the sub-keV regime, of direct interest for the calibration of Dark Matter and Coherent Elastic Neutrino Nucleus Scattering experiments. Here we show that accurate predictions of the nuclear recoil spectra induced by neutron captures require taking into account the interplay between the development in time of the de-excitation $\gamma$-cascade of the target nucleus and that of the associated atomic collisions in matter. We present detailed simulations coupling the FIFRELIN code for the description of the $\gamma$-cascades and the IRADINA code for the modelling of the fast atomic movements in matter. Nuclear recoil spectra are predicted, and made available to the community, for concrete cases of Al$_2$O$_3$, Si, Ge and CaWO$_4$ crystals exposed to a low intensity beam of thermal neutrons. We find that timing effects cause new calibration peaks to emerge in the recoil spectra and also impact the shape of the continuous recoil distribution. We discuss how they could give access to a rich physics program, spanning the accurate study of the response of cryogenic detectors in the sub-keV range, tests of solid state physics simulations and tests of nuclear models.

Published
2023

4. MRI-guided in-bore biopsy of the prostate – defining the optimal number of cores needed

Author

Moritz Gross, Edith Eisenhuber, Petra Assinger, Raphael Schima, Martin Susani, Stefan Doblhammer, and Wolfgang Schima

Subjects
Prostate biopsy, MRI-targeted, In-bore, In-gantry, Number of cores, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Abstract Background Numerous studies have shown that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted biopsy approaches are superior to traditional systematic transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy (TRUS-Bx). The optimal number of biopsy cores to be obtained per lesion identified on multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) images, however, remains a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incremental value of additional biopsy cores in an MRI-targeted “in-bore”-biopsy (MRI-Bx) setting. Patients and methods Two hundred and forty-five patients, who underwent MRI-Bx between June 2014 and September 2021, were included in this retrospective single-center analysis. All lesions were biopsied with at least five biopsy cores and cumulative detection rates for any cancer (PCa) as well as detection rates of clinically significant cancers (csPCa) were calculated for each sequentially labeled biopsy core. The cumulative per-core detection rates are presented as whole numbers and as proportion of the maximum detection rate reached, when all biopsy cores were considered. CsPCa was defined as Gleason Score (GS) ≥ 7 (3 + 4). Results One hundred and thirty-two of 245 Patients (53.9%) were diagnosed with prostate cancer and csPCa was found in 64 (26.1%) patients. The first biopsy core revealed csPCa/ PCa in 76.6% (49/64)/ 81.8% (108/132) of cases. The second, third and fourth core found csPCa/ PCa not detected by previous cores in 10.9% (7/64)/ 8.3% (11/132), 7.8% (5/64)/ 5.3% (7/132) and 3.1% (2/64)/ 3% (4/132) of cases, respectively. Obtaining one or more cores beyond the fourth biopsy core resulted in an increase in detection rate of 1.6% (1/64)/ 1.5% (2/132). Conclusion We found that obtaining five cores per lesion maximized detection rates. If, however, future research should establish a clear link between the incidence of serious complications and the number of biopsy cores obtained, a three-core biopsy might suffice as our results suggest that about 95% of all csPCa are detected by the first three cores.

Published
2024
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5. Exploring coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering of reactor neutrinos with the NUCLEUS experiment

Author

The NUCLEUS collaboration, Goupy, C., Abele, H., Angloher, G., Bento, A., Canonica, L., Cappella, F., Cardani, L., Casali, N., Cerulli, R., Colantoni, I., Cruciani, A., Del Castello, G., Roccagiovine, M. del Gallo, Doblhammer, A., Dorer, S., Erhart, A., Friendl, M., Garai, A., Ghete, V. M., Hauff, D., Jeanneau, F., Jericha, E., Kaznacheeva, M., Kinast, A., Kluck, H., Langenkämper, A., Lasserre, T., Lhuillier, D., Mancuso, M., Mauri, B., Mazzolari, A., Mazzucato, E., Neyrial, H., Nones, C., Oberauer, L., Ortmann, T., Pattavina, L., Peters, L., Petricca, F., Potzel, W., Pröbst, F., Pucci, F., Riendl, F., Rogly, R., Romagnoni, M., Rothe, J., Schermer, N., Schieck, J., Schönert, S., Schwertner, C., Scola, L., Sidikov, G. Soum, Stodolsky, L., Strauss, R., Tamisari, M., Tomei, C., Vignati, M., Vivier, M., Wagner, V., and Wex, A.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The NUCLEUS experiment aims to perform a high-precision measurement of Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CEvNS) at the EdF Chooz B nuclear power plant in France. CEvNS is a unique process to study neutrino properties and to search for physics beyond the Standard Model. The study of CEvNS is also important for light Dark-Matter searches. It could be a possible irreducible background for high-sensitivity Dark-Matter searches. NUCLEUS is an experiment under construction based on ultra-low threshold (20 eVnr) cryogenic calorimeters, operated at tens-of-mK temperatures., Comment: Procceding for 14th International Conference on Identification of Dark Matter Vienna, Austria, 18-22 July 2022 - Submitted to SciPost

Published
2022

6. Observation of a nuclear recoil peak at the 100 eV scale induced by neutron capture

Author

CRAB Collaboration, NUCLEUS Collaboration, Abele, H., Angloher, G., Bento, A., Canonica, L., Cappella, F., Cardani, L., Casali, N., Cerulli, R., Chalil, A., Chebboubi, A., Colantoni, I., Crocombette, J. -P., Cruciani, A., Del Castello, G., Roccagiovine, M. del Gallo, Desforge, D., Doblhammer, A., Dumonteil, E., Dorer, S., Erhart, A., Fuss, A., Friedl, M., Garai, A., Ghete, V. M., Giuliani, A., Goupy, C., Gunsing, F., Hauff, D., Jeanneau, F., Jericha, E., Kaznacheeva, M., Kinast, A., Kluck, H., Langenkämper, A., Lasserre, T., Letourneau, A., Lhuillier, D., Litaize, O., Mancuso, M., de Marcillac, P., Marnieros, S., Materna, T., Mauri, B., Mazzolari, A., Mazzucato, E., Neyrial, H., Nones, C., Oberauer, L., Ortmann, T., Ouzriat, A., Pattavina, L., Peters, L., Petricca, F., Poda, D. V., Potzel, W., Pröbst, F., Reindl, F., Rogly, R., Romagnoni, M., Rothe, J., Schermer, N., Schieck, J., Schönert, S., Schwertner, C., Scola, L., Serot, O., Soum-Sidikov, G., Stodolsky, L., Strauss, R., Tamisari, M., Thulliez, L., Tomei, C., Vignati, M., Vivier, M., Wagner, V., and Wex, A.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering and low-mass Dark Matter detectors rely crucially on the understanding of their response to nuclear recoils. We report the first observation of a nuclear recoil peak at around 112 eV induced by neutron capture. The measurement was performed with a CaWO$_4$ cryogenic detector from the NUCLEUS experiment exposed to a $^{252}$Cf source placed in a compact moderator. The measured spectrum is found in agreement with simulations and the expected peak structure from the single-$\gamma$ de-excitation of $^{183}$W is identified with 3 $\sigma$ significance. This result demonstrates a new method for precise, in-situ, and non-intrusive calibration of low-threshold experiments.

Published
2022
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7. Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering: Terrestrial and astrophysical applications

Author

Abdullah, M., Abele, H., Akimov, D., Angloher, G., Aristizabal-Sierra, D., Augier, C., Balantekin, A. B., Balogh, L., Barbeau, P. S., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Beaufort, C., Beaulieu, G., Belov, V., Bento, A., Berge, L., Bernardi, I. A., Billard, J., Bolozdynya, A., Bonhomme, A., Bres, G., Bret, J-. L., Broniatowski, A., Brossard, A., Buck, C., Cadeddu, M., Calvo, M., Canonica, L., Cappella, F., Cardani, L., Casali, N., Cazes, A., Cerulli, R., Chaize, D., Chang, C., Chapellier, M., Chaplinsky, L., Chemin, G., Chen, R., Colantoni, I., Colas, J., Coloma, P., Corcoran, E. C., Crawford, S., Cruciani, A., Fard, A. Dastgheibi, De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., De Romeri, V., del Castello, G., del GalloRoccagiovine, M., Delicato, D., Demarteau, M., Deng, Y., Dent, J. B., Denton, P. B., Dering, K., Doblhammer, A., Dordei, F., Dorer, S., Dumoulin, L., Dunford, D., Dutta, B., Erhart, A., Exshaw, O., Ferriol, S., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Filippini, J. B., Flores, L . J., Formaggio, J. A., Friedl, M., Fuard, S., Gao, F., Garai, A., Garces, E. A., Gascon, J., Gehrlein, J., Gerbier, G., Ghete, V. M., Giomataris, I., Giroux, G., Giuliani, A., Giunti, C., Gorel, P., Goupy, C., Goupy, J., Goy, C., Green, M. P., Gros, M., Guerin, C., Guidi, V., Guillaudin, O., Guy, E., Ha, C., Hauff, D., Hakenmuller, J., Harrington, P. M., Hedges, S., Heine, S. T., Hertel, S., Heusch, M., Hoarau, C., Hoferichter, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hong, Z., Horiuchi, S., Huber, P., Ianigro, J. C., Jachowicz, N., Jericha, E., Jin, Y., Johnston, J. P., Juillard, A., Katsioulas, I., Kazarcev, S., Kaznacheeva, M., Kelly, F., Kelly, K. J., Kim, D., Kinast, A., Klinkenberg, L., Kluck, H., Knights, P., Ko, Y. J., Kosmas, T. S., Kwon, L., Lamblin, J., Lang, R. F., Langenkamper, A., Langrock, S., Lasserre, T., Lattaud, H., Lautridou, P., Lee, H. S., Lenardo, B. G., Lhuillier, D., Li, M., Li, S. C., Li, Y. F., Li, Z., Lindner, M., Liu, J., Loomba, D., Lubashevskiy, A., Machado, P. A. N., Mancuso, M., Maneschg, W., Markoff, D. M., Marnieros, S., Martin, R., Martin, R. D., Mauri, B., Mayer, D. W., Mazzolari, A., Mazzucato, E., Menendez, J., Minet, J., Miranda, O. G., Misiak, D., Mols, J. -P., Monfardini, A., Mounier, F., Muraz, J. F., Neep, T., Neilson, R., Newby, J., Newstead, J. L., Neyrial, H., Ni, K., Nikolopoulos, K., Nones, C., Norcini, D., Pandey, V., O'Brien, P., O'Hare, C. A. J., Oberauer, L., Oliver, W., Olivieri, E., Onillon, A., Oriol, C., Ortmann, T., Owen, R., Palladino, K. J., Papoulias, D. K., Park, J. C., Parno, D. S., Patel, P. K., Pattavina, L., Peinado, E., Perbet, E., Peters, L., Petricca, F., Pinckney, H. D., Piro, M. -C., Ponomarev, D., Poda, D., Potzel, W., Probst, F., Pucci, F., Rarbi, F., Rapp, R., Ray, H., Real, J. -S., Reindl, F., Rich, G. C., Ricol, J. S., Rink, T., Redon, T., Rogly, R., Robert, A., Rothe, J., Rozov, S., Rozova, I., Salagnac, T., Garcia, E. Sanchez, Garcia, G. Sanchez, Sanders, O., Sanglard, V., Santos, D., Sarkis, Y., Savu, V., Savvidis, G., Savvidis, I., Schermer, N., Schieck, J., Schmidt, B., Schonert, S., Scholberg, K., Schwenk, A., Schwertner, C., Scola, L., Shevchik, Ye., Shin, S., Sibille, V., Shoemaker, I. M., Snowden-Ifft, D. P., Soldner, T., Soum, G., Spooner, N. J. C., Stachurska, J., Stodolsky, L., Strauss, R., Strigari, L. E., Stutz, A., Suh, B. D., Suhonen, J., Tabrizi, Z., Takhistov, V., Thompson, A., Tomei, C., Tortola, M., Tripathi, M., Vagneron, L., Valle, J. W. F., Mirbach, K. v., Van De Ponteseele, W., Vignati, M., Vivier, M., Fernandez, F. Vazquez de Sola, Vezzu, F., Vidal, M., Wagner, V., Walker, J. W., Ward, R., Wex, A., Winslow, L., Wong, H. T., Wood, M. H., Xu, J., Yang, L., Yakushev, E., Zampaolo, M., Zettlemoyer, J., Zhang, Y. Y., and Zinatulina, D.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS) is a process in which neutrinos scatter on a nucleus which acts as a single particle. Though the total cross section is large by neutrino standards, CE$\nu$NS has long proven difficult to detect, since the deposited energy into the nucleus is $\sim$ keV. In 2017, the COHERENT collaboration announced the detection of CE$\nu$NS using a stopped-pion source with CsI detectors, followed up the detection of CE$\nu$NS using an Ar target. The detection of CE$\nu$NS has spawned a flurry of activities in high-energy physics, inspiring new constraints on beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics, and new experimental methods. The CE$\nu$NS process has important implications for not only high-energy physics, but also astrophysics, nuclear physics, and beyond. This whitepaper discusses the scientific importance of CE$\nu$NS, highlighting how present experiments such as COHERENT are informing theory, and also how future experiments will provide a wealth of information across the aforementioned fields of physics., Comment: contribution to Snowmasss 2021. Contact authors: P. S. Barbeau, R. Strauss, L. E. Strigari

Published
2022

9. A plastic scintillation muon veto for sub-Kelvin temperatures

Author

A. Erhart, V. Wagner, A. Wex, C. Goupy, D. Lhuillier, E. Namuth, C. Nones, R. Rogly, V. Savu, M. Schwarz, R. Strauss, M. Vivier, H. Abele, G. Angloher, A. Bento, J. Burkhart, L. Canonica, F. Cappella, N. Casali, R. Cerulli, A. Cruciani, G. del Castello, M. del Gallo Roccagiovine, A. Doblhammer, S. Dorer, M. Friedl, A. Garai, V. M. Ghete, D. Hauff, F. Jeanneau, E. Jericha, M. Kaznacheeva, A. Kinast, H. Kluck, A. Langenkämper, T. Lasserre, M. Mancuso, R. Martin, B. Mauri, A. Mazzolari, E. Mazzucato, H. Neyrial, L. Oberauer, T. Ortmann, L. Pattavina, L. Peters, F. Petricca, W. Potzel, F. Pröbst, F. Pucci, F. Reindl, M. Romagnoni, J. Rothe, N. Schermer, J. Schieck, S. Schönert, C. Schwertner, L. Scola, G. Soum-Sidikov, L. Stodolsky, M. Tamisari, C. Tomei, and M. Vignati

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Rare-event search experiments located on-surface, such as short-baseline reactor neutrino experiments, are often limited by muon-induced background events. Highly efficient muon vetos are essential to reduce the detector background and to reach the sensitivity goals. We demonstrate the feasibility of deploying organic plastic scintillators at sub-Kelvin temperatures. For the NUCLEUS experiment, we developed a cryogenic muon veto equipped with wavelength shifting fibers and a silicon photo multiplier operating inside a dilution refrigerator. The achievable compactness of cryostat-internal integration is a key factor in keeping the muon rate to a minimum while maximizing coverage. The thermal and light output properties of a plastic scintillation detector were examined. We report first data on the thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the polystyrene-based scintillator UPS-923A over a wide range of temperatures extending below one Kelvin. The light output was measured down to 0.8 K and observed to increase by a factor of 1.61 ± 0.05 compared to 300 K. The development of an organic plastic scintillation muon veto operating in sub-Kelvin temperature environments opens new perspectives for rare-event searches with cryogenic detectors at sites lacking substantial overburden.

Published
2024
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10. A plastic scintillation muon veto for sub-Kelvin temperatures

Author

Erhart, A., Wagner, V., Wex, A., Goupy, C., Lhuillier, D., Namuth, E., Nones, C., Rogly, R., Savu, V., Schwarz, M., Strauss, R., Vivier, M., Abele, H., Angloher, G., Bento, A., Burkhart, J., Canonica, L., Cappella, F., Casali, N., Cerulli, R., Cruciani, A., del Castello, G., del Gallo Roccagiovine, M., Doblhammer, A., Dorer, S., Friedl, M., Garai, A., Ghete, V. M., Hauff, D., Jeanneau, F., Jericha, E., Kaznacheeva, M., Kinast, A., Kluck, H., Langenkämper, A., Lasserre, T., Mancuso, M., Martin, R., Mauri, B., Mazzolari, A., Mazzucato, E., Neyrial, H., Oberauer, L., Ortmann, T., Pattavina, L., Peters, L., Petricca, F., Potzel, W., Pröbst, F., Pucci, F., Reindl, F., Romagnoni, M., Rothe, J., Schermer, N., Schieck, J., Schönert, S., Schwertner, C., Scola, L., Soum-Sidikov, G., Stodolsky, L., Tamisari, M., Tomei, C., and Vignati, M.

Published
2024
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13. A consistent nonparametric test of the effect of dementia duration on mortality

Author

Radloff, L., Weissbach, R., Reinke, C., and Doblhammer, G.

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology, 62N03
Abstract

A continuous-time multi-state history is semi-Markovian, if an intensity to migrate from one state into another, depends on the duration in the first state. Such duration can be formalised as covariate, entering the intensity process of the transition counts. We derive the integrated intensity process, prove its predictability and the martingale property of the residual. In particular, we verify the usual conditions for the respective filtration. As a consequence, according to Nielsen and Linton (1995), a kernel estimator of the transition intensity, including the duration dependence, converges point-wise at a slow rate, compared to the Markovian kernel estimator, i.e when ignoring dependence. By using the rate discrepancy, we follow Gozalo (1993) and show that the (properly scaled) maximal difference of the two kernel estimators on a random grid of points is asymptotically chi-square-1-distributed. As a data example, for a sample of 130,000 German women observed over a period of nine years, we model the mortality after dementia onset, potentially dependent on the disease duration. As usual, the models under both hypotheses need to be enlarged to allow for independent right-censoring. We find a significant effect of dementia duration, nearly independent of the bandwidth., Comment: 51 pages, 3 figures

Published
2021
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14. Association between the starting age of non-parental Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC), and psycho-social problems in adolescence in West and East Germany – a natural experiment using data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS)

Author

Ying Zhou, Annelene Wengler, and Gabriele Doblhammer

Subjects
Early childhood education and care (ECEC), ECEC-start-age, Psycho-social problems, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

Abstract Introduction The study aimed to investigate the association between the start age of non-parental Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) and psycho-social problems in adolescence. The similarities and differences between West and East Germany were also investigated in a natural experiment. Methods Our sample consisted of 1022 children (621 from West Germany, 401 from East Germany) aged 3–4 years at wave 2003–2006 that were followed up to wave 2014–2017 as adolescents (mean ± SD age = 14.4 ± 0.03 years) in the KiGGS study. The psycho-social problems were measured by the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at wave 2014–2017. Linear regression was used to explore the relationship between ECEC-start-age and psycho-social problems in adolescence in Germany, and stratified by West and East Germany. Results Those who started ECEC between 2 and 3 years old (reference) had the lowest scores of psycho-social problems in the whole Germany and in West Germany in adolescence. In comparison, those who started ECEC older than 3 years old had higher scores of internalizing psycho-social problems in both West Germany (with statistically significant results) and East Germany (with a relatively larger effect size but insignificant results). Those who started ECEC younger than 1 year old had statistically significant higher scores for externalizing psycho-social problems in West Germany, even though less children started ECEC younger than 1 in West Germany compared to East Germany. This significant association was not found in East Germany. Those who started ECEC between 1 and 2 years old tended to have higher scores of externalizing psycho-social problems in both West and East Germany. Conclusion The results suggest that if children start ECEC older than 3 years or younger than 2 years, more attention needs to be given to internalizing or externalizing psycho-social problems respectively. The regional differences for children younger than 1 year old may suggest a selection effect in West Germany where only fewer parents bring babies to ECEC, while the regional similarities for children over 3 years old indicate the importance of providing access to ECEC for children over 3 years old.

Published
2023
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15. Dementia in Germany: epidemiology, trends and challenges

Author

Daniela Georges, Elena Rakusa, Anna-Victoria Holtz, Anne Fink, and Gabriele Doblhammer

Subjects
population ageing, health trends, dementia, need for care, dementia prevention, burden of disease, Medicine
Abstract

Background: Dementia poses a growing challenge for individuals, healthcare, social support, and society amidst the ongoing ageing of populations. To evaluate the care requirements and social implications of dementia in Germany, reliable statistics regarding its current and future occurrence are necessary. Methods: Using existing data sources and recent research results, this paper compiles and analyses relevant statistics on the occurrence of dementia in Germany, presents protective and risk factors, and options for care provision. Results: Recent projections indicate a potential surge in the number of dementia patients in Germany, predicted to rise from 1.7 million at present to up to 3.0 million by the year 2070. Cognitive and motor deterioration and behavioural changes associated with dementia lower the ability to live independently. These changes are often tied to social exclusion and stigma and, particularly in the severe phase of the disease, necessitate extensive medical and care requirements. This contributes to dementia being one of the most costly diseases at old age from an overall societal perspective. Currently, there are no curative treatment options available. Conclusions: To reduce the increase in the number of dementia patients and associated costs in the future, preventive approaches, particularly promoting a healthy lifestyle, may prove effective. Simultaneously, the healthcare system, society, and caregivers must prepare for the increasing number of dementia patients. Improved diagnostics, new forms of therapy, and social innovations that support those who are affected and their relatives can help reduce the burden of dementia and its associated costs.

Published
2023
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16. Left-Truncated Health Insurance Claims Data: Theoretical Review and Empirical Application

Author

Weißbachm, Rafael, Dörre, Achim, Wied, Dominik, Doblhammer, Gabriele, and Fink, Anne

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology, 62N99
Abstract

At the beginning of 2004, we draw a sample of size 0.25 million people from the inventory of the health insurer AOK. We followed their health claims until 2013. Our aim is the effect a stroke on the dementia onset probability, for Germans born in the first half of the 20$^{th}$ century. People deceased before 2004 are randomly left-truncated. Filtrations, modelling the missing data, enable to circumvent the unknown number of truncated persons by using a conditional instead of the full likelihood. Dementia onset after 2013 is a conditionally fixed right-censoring event. For each observed health history, Jacod's formula yields the conditional likelihood contribution. Asymptotic normality of the estimated intensities is derived, relative to a sample size definition that includes the truncated people. Yet, the standard error is observable. The claims data reveal that after a stroke, with time measured in years, the intensity of dementia onset increases from 0.02 to 0.07. Using the independence of the two estimated intensities, a 95\%-confidence interval for their difference is [0.050,0.056]. The effect halves, when we extend the analysis to an age-inhomogeneous model, but does not change further when we additionally adjust for multi-morbidity., Comment: 56 pages, 8 figures

Published
2021
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21. A plastic scintillation muon veto for sub-Kelvin temperatures

Author

Erhart, A, Wagner, V, Wex, A, Goupy, C, Lhuillier, D, Namuth, E, Nones, C, Rogly, R, Savu, V, Schwarz, M, Strauss, R, Vivier, M, Abele, H, Angloher, G, Bento, A, Burkhart, J, Canonica, L, Cappella, F, Casali, N, Cerulli, R, Cruciani, A, del Castello, G, del Gallo Roccagiovine, M, Doblhammer, A, Dorer, S, Friedl, M, Garai, A, Ghete, V, Hauff, D, Jeanneau, F, Jericha, E, Kaznacheeva, M, Kinast, A, Kluck, H, Langenkämper, A, Lasserre, T, Mancuso, M, Martin, R, Mauri, B, Mazzolari, A, Mazzucato, E, Neyrial, H, Oberauer, L, Ortmann, T, Pattavina, L, Peters, L, Petricca, F, Potzel, W, Pröbst, F, Pucci, F, Reindl, F, Romagnoni, M, Rothe, J, Schermer, N, Schieck, J, Schönert, S, Schwertner, C, Scola, L, Soum-Sidikov, G, Stodolsky, L, Tamisari, M, Tomei, C, Vignati, M, Erhart, A., Wagner, V., Wex, A., Goupy, C., Lhuillier, D., Namuth, E., Nones, C., Rogly, R., Savu, V., Schwarz, M., Strauss, R., Vivier, M., Abele, H., Angloher, G., Bento, A., Burkhart, J., Canonica, L., Cappella, F., Casali, N., Cerulli, R., Cruciani, A., del Castello, G., del Gallo Roccagiovine, M., Doblhammer, A., Dorer, S., Friedl, M., Garai, A., Ghete, V. M., Hauff, D., Jeanneau, F., Jericha, E., Kaznacheeva, M., Kinast, A., Kluck, H., Langenkämper, A., Lasserre, T., Mancuso, M., Martin, R., Mauri, B., Mazzolari, A., Mazzucato, E., Neyrial, H., Oberauer, L., Ortmann, T., Pattavina, L., Peters, L., Petricca, F., Potzel, W., Pröbst, F., Pucci, F., Reindl, F., Romagnoni, M., Rothe, J., Schermer, N., Schieck, J., Schönert, S., Schwertner, C., Scola, L., Soum-Sidikov, G., Stodolsky, L., Tamisari, M., Tomei, C., Vignati, M., Erhart, A, Wagner, V, Wex, A, Goupy, C, Lhuillier, D, Namuth, E, Nones, C, Rogly, R, Savu, V, Schwarz, M, Strauss, R, Vivier, M, Abele, H, Angloher, G, Bento, A, Burkhart, J, Canonica, L, Cappella, F, Casali, N, Cerulli, R, Cruciani, A, del Castello, G, del Gallo Roccagiovine, M, Doblhammer, A, Dorer, S, Friedl, M, Garai, A, Ghete, V, Hauff, D, Jeanneau, F, Jericha, E, Kaznacheeva, M, Kinast, A, Kluck, H, Langenkämper, A, Lasserre, T, Mancuso, M, Martin, R, Mauri, B, Mazzolari, A, Mazzucato, E, Neyrial, H, Oberauer, L, Ortmann, T, Pattavina, L, Peters, L, Petricca, F, Potzel, W, Pröbst, F, Pucci, F, Reindl, F, Romagnoni, M, Rothe, J, Schermer, N, Schieck, J, Schönert, S, Schwertner, C, Scola, L, Soum-Sidikov, G, Stodolsky, L, Tamisari, M, Tomei, C, Vignati, M, Erhart, A., Wagner, V., Wex, A., Goupy, C., Lhuillier, D., Namuth, E., Nones, C., Rogly, R., Savu, V., Schwarz, M., Strauss, R., Vivier, M., Abele, H., Angloher, G., Bento, A., Burkhart, J., Canonica, L., Cappella, F., Casali, N., Cerulli, R., Cruciani, A., del Castello, G., del Gallo Roccagiovine, M., Doblhammer, A., Dorer, S., Friedl, M., Garai, A., Ghete, V. M., Hauff, D., Jeanneau, F., Jericha, E., Kaznacheeva, M., Kinast, A., Kluck, H., Langenkämper, A., Lasserre, T., Mancuso, M., Martin, R., Mauri, B., Mazzolari, A., Mazzucato, E., Neyrial, H., Oberauer, L., Ortmann, T., Pattavina, L., Peters, L., Petricca, F., Potzel, W., Pröbst, F., Pucci, F., Reindl, F., Romagnoni, M., Rothe, J., Schermer, N., Schieck, J., Schönert, S., Schwertner, C., Scola, L., Soum-Sidikov, G., Stodolsky, L., Tamisari, M., Tomei, C., and Vignati, M.

Abstract

Rare-event search experiments located on-surface, such as short-baseline reactor neutrino experiments, are often limited by muon-induced background events. Highly efficient muon vetos are essential to reduce the detector background and to reach the sensitivity goals. We demonstrate the feasibility of deploying organic plastic scintillators at sub-Kelvin temperatures. For the NUCLEUS experiment, we developed a cryogenic muon veto equipped with wavelength shifting fibers and a silicon photo multiplier operating inside a dilution refrigerator. The achievable compactness of cryostat-internal integration is a key factor in keeping the muon rate to a minimum while maximizing coverage. The thermal and light output properties of a plastic scintillation detector were examined. We report first data on the thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the polystyrene-based scintillator UPS-923A over a wide range of temperatures extending below one Kelvin. The light output was measured down to 0.8 K and observed to increase by a factor of 1.61 ± 0.05 compared to 300 K. The development of an organic plastic scintillation muon veto operating in sub-Kelvin temperature environments opens new perspectives for rare-event searches with cryogenic detectors at sites lacking substantial overburden.

Published
2024

23. Stents versus bypass surgery: 3-year mortality risk of patients with coronary interventions aged 50+ in Germany

Author

Sophia Nestler, Daniel Kreft, Peter Donndorf, Hüseyin Ince, and Gabriele Doblhammer

Subjects
Coronary artery disease, Stents, Coronary artery bypass, Health claims data, Follow-up, Mortality, Surgery, RD1-811, Anesthesiology, RD78.3-87.3
Abstract

Abstract Objectives Due to demographic aging, the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is expected to increase in the future, resulting in a growing demand for stent and bypass interventions. This study aims to investigate the mortality risk of patients following conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or endovascular procedure by the implantation of bare-metal stents (BMS) or drug-eluting stents (DES). Methods Based on a random sample of 250,000 members of Germany’s largest health insurance ‘Allgemeine Ortskrankenkassen’ (AOK) from 2004 to 2015, incident CAD patients were analyzed by Cox Proportional-Hazard models. Risk adjustment was made for sex, age, other cardiac diseases, non-cardiovascular comorbidities and years since intervention. Due to later admission of DES and thus a shorter observation time, mortality was examined for 3 years since the intervention. Results BMS represented the most frequent procedure (48%). We found similar proportions of CABG (19%) and DES interventions (23%). After risk adjustment, the models showed a 21% (p = 0.004) lower mortality risk of patients with DES and also a 21% (p = 0.002) lower mortality risk of CABG patients compared to persons with BMS. Conclusion Based on a large-scale dataset, our study demonstrated survival advantages of CABG and DES interventions over BMS, with no differences between the DES and CABG groups. The results help to assess the risks of coronary interventions. Aspects of quality of life, severity of postoperative physical limitations, duration of rehabilitation, patients’ preferences, and aspects of cost-effectiveness for hospitals and society should be further considered. Graphical abstract

Published
2022
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26. The association of unhealthy and healthy food store accessibility with obesity prevalence among adults in the Netherlands: A spatial analysis

Author

Benjamin Aretz, Rafael Costa, Gabriele Doblhammer, and Fanny Janssen

Subjects
Local food environment, Obesity, Spatial analysis, Spatial lag of X model, Geographically weighted regression, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

Introduction: Obesity prevalence has almost tripled in Europe since 1980, and the obesogenic (food) environment is hypothesised to be one of the main drivers. Still, empirical evidence is rare for Europe. Objective: This ecological study explores spatial patterns of obesity prevalence of adults (aged 19+) in the Netherlands in 2016. It studies, in particular, its global associations with (un)healthy food store accessibility while assessing local differences and evaluating the importance of the immediate versus the wider food surroundings. Methods: In our ecological study, we used small-area estimated obesity prevalence (adults, aged 19+) from 2836 neighbourhoods (six-digit postal codes, wijken) and combined this with measures from Statistics Netherlands on accessibility to (unhealthy) fast food and (healthy) fresh food. Spatial lag of X (SLX) models were estimated for the entire Netherlands to explore global associations. Separate models for urban, suburban, and rural neighbourhoods and a geographically weighted regression (GWR) were estimated to explore and visualise local variations in the associations. Total associations from the SLX models were then decomposed to yield contributions of the immediate and wider food surroundings. Results: Regional clusters of high obesity were observed in selected areas in the north-east, the south-west, and south-east. Limited accessibility to unhealthy food was globally associated with lower obesity prevalence, whereas better accessibility to fresh food stores and supermarkets was not. The association regarding worse accessibility to unhealthy food was strongest for urban neighbourhoods, especially for the Randstad region. In urban settings, also better accessibility to fresh food stores proved relevant. The wider food surrounding proved more important than the immediate food surrounding, throughout. Discussion: Public policies addressing obesity might be more effective when reducing the presence of unhealthy food rather than expanding healthy food supply. Moreover, they should focus on urban regions and high obesity clusters, thereby considering wider food surroundings.

Published
2023
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30. Potential of prevention strategies for the modifiable risk factor type 2 diabetes with relation to the future number of dementia patients in Germany– a multi-state projection through 2040

Author

Anne Fink, Achim Doerre, Ilja Demuth, and Gabriele Doblhammer

Subjects
Diabetes, Dementia, Prevention strategies, Projection, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Abstract Background We assess the impact of prevention strategies regarding type 2 diabetes as a modifiable risk factor for dementia and its consequences for the future number of dementia patients in Germany. Methods We used a random sample of health claims data (N = 250,000) of insured persons aged 50+ drawn in 2014, and data on population size and death rates in 2015 from the Human Mortality Database. Using exponential hazard models, we calculated age- and sex-specific transition probabilities and death rates between the states (no diabetes/no dementia, diabetes/no dementia, no diabetes/dementia, diabetes/dementia). In multi-state projections, we estimated the future number of dementia cases aged 75+ through 2040 depending on the development of the incidence of diabetes among persons without diabetes and without dementia, and the dementia incidence among persons with and without diabetes. Results In 2015 there were 1.53 million people with dementia aged 75+ in Germany. A relative annual reduction in death rates of 2.5% and in dementia incidence in persons without diabetes of 1% will increase this number to 3.38 million by 2040. A relative reduction of diabetes incidence by 1% annually would decrease dementia cases by around 30,000, while a reduction of dementia incidence among people with diabetes by 1% would result in 220,000 fewer dementia cases. Both prevention strategies combined would prevent 240,000 dementia cases in 2040. Conclusions The increase in life expectancy is decisive for the future number of people with dementia. Strategies of better diabetes treatment have the potential to lower the increase in the number of dementia patients in the coming decades.

Published
2022
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34. Sterberate

Author

Doblhammer-Reiter, Gabriele, Salzmann, Thomas, Wittwer, Héctor, editor, Schäfer, Daniel, editor, Frewer, Andreas, editor, Feldmann, Klaus, Editorial advisor, Tworuschka, Udo, Editorial advisor, and Wittkowski, Joachim, Editorial advisor

Published
2020
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35. Design of beam optics for the Future Circular Collider e+e- -collider rings

Author

Oide, K., Aiba, M., Aumon, S., Benedikt, M., Blondel, A., Bogomyagkov, A., Boscolo, M., Burkhardt, H., Cai, Y., Doblhammer, A., Haerer, B., Holzer, B., Jowett, J. M., Koop, I., Koratzinos, M., Levichev, E., Medina, L., Ohmi, K., Papaphilippou, Y., Piminov, P., Shatilov, D., Sinyatkin, S., Sullivan, M., Wenninger, J., Wienands, U., Zhou, D., and Zimmermann, F.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A beam optics scheme has been designed for the Future Circular Collider-e+e- (FCC-ee). The main characteristics of the design are: beam energy 45 to 175 GeV, 100 km circumference with two interaction points (IPs) per ring, horizontal crossing angle of 30 mrad at the IP and the crab-waist scheme [1] with local chromaticity correction. The crab-waist scheme is implemented within the local chromaticity correction system without additional sextupoles, by reducing the strength of one of the two sextupoles for vertical chromatic correction at each side of the IP. So-called "tapering" of the magnets is applied, which scales all fields of the magnets according to the local beam energy to compensate for the effect of synchrotron radiation (SR) loss along the ring. An asymmetric layout near the interaction region reduces the critical energy of SR photons on the incoming side of the IP to values below 100 keV, while matching the geometry to the beam line of the FCC proton collider (FCC-hh) [2] as closely as possible. Sufficient transverse/longitudinal dynamic aperture (DA) has been obtained, including major dynamical effects, to assure an adequate beam lifetime in the presence of beamstrahlung and top-up injection. In particular, a momentum acceptance larger than +/-2% has been obtained, which is better than the momentum acceptance of typical collider rings by about a factor of 2. The effects of the detector solenoids including their compensation elements are taken into account as well as synchrotron radiation in all magnets. The optics presented in this paper is a step toward a full conceptual design for the collider. A number of issues have been identified for further study.

Published
2016
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36. Progression to severe visual impairment and blindness in POAG patients: pace and risk factors—a cohort study using German health claims data

Author

Gabriele Doblhammer, Rudolf F Guthoff, Sophia Nestler, Daniel Kreft, and Stefanie Frech

Subjects
Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Objective Glaucoma is a leading cause of severe visual impairment and blindness (SVI/B) worldwide. Hence, it is of utmost importance to explore relevant risk factors and study the pace of progression to SVI/B.Methods and analysis We used a random sample of 250 000 persons from administrative individual-level health records of the Allgemeine Ortskrankenkassen between 2004 and 2015. We identified 3535 primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients aged 55 and older and followed them for up to 10 years. Monocular and binocular SVI/B were defined by the ICD-10 classifications H54.0 and H54.4. Ophthalmological and chronic disease risk factors were analysed by applying a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model.Results The risk of SVI/B in POAG patients was significantly increased by the presence of specific additional eye diseases such as secondary glaucoma (HR: 3.08, p0.05).Conclusion Although progression to SVI/B is relatively rare in POAG patients in Germany, one must be aware of additional risk factors, such as secondary glaucoma, retinal vascular occlusion and AMD. Regular ophthalmological examinations help prevent the progression of SVI/B, especially in the first years after the POAG diagnosis. Specific, targeted, and timely treatments for the other eye diseases could help prevent or delay SVI/B.

Published
2022
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37. Exploring coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering of reactor neutrinos with the NUCLEUS experiment

Author

C. Goupy, H. Abele, G. Angloher, A. Bento, L. Canonica, F. Cappella, L. Cardani, N. Casali, R. Cerulli, I. Colantoni, A. Cruciani, G. del Castello, M. del Gallo Roccagiovine, A. Doblhammer, S. Dorer, A. Erhart, M. Friendl, A. Garai, V. M. Ghete, D. Hauff, F. Jeanneau, E. Jericha, M. Kaznacheeva, A. Kinast, H. Kluck, A. Langenkämper, T. Lasserre, D. Lhuillier, M. Mancuso, B. Mauri, A. Mazzolari, E. Mazzucato, H. Neyrial, C. Nones, L. Oberauer, T. Ortmann, L. Pattavina, L. Peters, F. Petricca, W. Potzel, F. Pröbst, F. Pucci, F. Riendl, R. Rogly, M. Romagnoni, J. Rothe, N. Schermer, J. Schieck, S. Schönert, C. Schwertner, L. Scola, G. Soum Sidikov, L. Stodolsky, R. Strauss, M. Tamisari, C. Tomei, M. Vignati, M. Vivier, V. Wagner, A. Wex (The NUCLEUS collaboration)

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The NUCLEUS experiment aims to perform a high-precision measurement of Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CEvNS) at the EdF Chooz B nuclear power plant in France. CEvNS is a unique process to study neutrino properties and to search for physics beyond the Standard Model. The study of CEvNS is also important for light Dark-Matter searches. It could be a possible irreducible background for high-sensitivity Dark-Matter experiments. NUCLEUS is an experiment under construction based on ultra-low threshold ($\sim$20 eV$_{nr}$) cryogenic calorimeters, operated at tens-of-mK temperatures.

Published
2023
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40. The FCC-ee study: Progress and challenges

Author

Koratzinos, M., Blondel, A., Aumon, S., Cook, C., Doblhammer, A., Haerer, B., Holzer, B., Tomas, R., Zimmermann, F., Wienands, U., Medina, L., Boscolo, M., Bogomyagkov, A., Shatilov, D., and Levichev, E.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

The FCC (Future Circular Collider) study represents a vision for the next large project in high energy physics, comprising an 80-100 km tunnel that can house a future 100 TeV hadron collider. The study also includes a high luminosity e+e- collider operating in the centre-of-mass energy range of 90-350 GeV as a possible intermediate step, the FCC-ee. The FCC-ee aims at definitive electro-weak precision measurements of the Z, W, H and top particles, and search for rare phenomena. Although FCC-ee is based on known technology, the goal performance in luminosity and energy calibration make it quite challenging. During 2014 the study went through an exploration phase. The study has now entered its second year and the aim is to produce a conceptual design report during the next three to four years. We here report on progress since the last IPAC conference., Comment: Poster presented at IPAC15,Richmond, VA, USA, May 2015

Published
2015

46. Framework

Author

Gumà, Jordi, Doblhammer, Gabriele, Doblhammer, Gabriele, editor, and Gumà, Jordi, editor

Published
2018
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