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Khaled Essawi,1 Gasim Dobie,1 Misk F Shaabi,1 Waleed Hakami,1 Muhammad Saboor,2 Aymen M Madkhali,1 Abdullah AH Hamami,3 Wael H Allallah,3 Mohammad S Akhter,1 Abdullah A Mobarki,1 Hassan A Hamali1 1Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; 3Department of Laboratory & Blood Bank, Prince Mohammed bin Nasser Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Hassan A Hamali, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, P.O. Box 1906, Gizan, 45142, Saudi Arabia, Email hhamali@jazanu.edu.saBackground: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health burden affecting 537 million adults worldwide, characterized by chronic metabolic disorder and various complications. This case control study aimed to assess the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), including hyperglycemia levels, on hematological parameters and complete blood count (CBC) derived parameters.Methods: A total of 250 known diabetic patients from the Jazan Diabetic Center, Saudi Arabia, between January 2021 and December 2022, along with 175 healthy adult controls were recruited from Jazan Hospital’s blood donation center. Demographic characteristics, medical histories, and relevant factors such as gender, age, BMI, treatment, disease duration, and comorbidities were collected with informed consent.Results: The results of the red blood cell (RBC) count, RBC indices, and mean platelet volume showed significant differences between patients and controls, while the white cell (WBC) and platelet count were comparable between the two groups. CBC-derived parameters, especially neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet/neutrophil ratio (PNR) exhibited significant differences.Conclusion: CBC and derived parameters serve as inexpensive tools for

Aymen M Madkhali,1 Abdullah A Mobarki,1 Ahmad H Ghzwani,2 Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi,2 Ahmed Zhranei,1 Abdulrahman Osais,1 Ahmed Sohel,1 Basim Othman,3 Gasim Dobie,1 Hassan A Hamali1 1Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia; 2Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Public Health, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Hassan A Hamali, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, P.O. Box 1906, Gizan, 45142, Saudi Arabia, Email hhamali@jazanu.edu.saBackground: Procoagulant microvesicles (MVs) are submicron membrane fragments released from activated cells and cells undergoing apoptosis. The procoagulant activity of MVs is enhanced in the presence of tissue factor (TF). MVs and TF are active mediators that induce pro-inflammatory response and prothrombotic tendency and have been linked to the severity of several disorders, including malaria infection. The current study aimed to measure the levels of circulating procoagulant MVs and TF-bearing MVs in malaria patients and correlate these levels with other hematological parameters and parasitemia.Materials and Methods: Levels of MVs and TF-bearing MVs in the plasma of children and adult patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum were measured alongside matched healthy controls.Results: Patients with Plasmodium falciparum infection had ~3.8 times MVs (p < 0.0001) and ~13.0 times TF-bearing MVs compared to the matched healthy controls. MVs showed inverse significant correlation with platelet count (p = 0.0055), hemoglobin (p = 0.0004) and parasitemia.Conclusion: Elevated levels of MVs and TF-bearing MVs could be useful biomarkers to evaluate the procoagulant activity, inflammatory response and parasitemia levels in malaria infection, aiding in better management of the disease.Keywords: procoagulant, mi

Hassan A Hamali,1 Muhammad Saboor,1,2 Gasim Dobie,1 Aymen M Madkhali,1 Mohammad S Akhter,1 Ali Hakamy,3 Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi,2 Denise E Jackson,4 Yahya H Matari,5 Abdullah A Mobarki1 1Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia; 2Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia; 4Thrombosis and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia; 5Laboratory Department, Baish General Hospital, Gizan, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Hassan A Hamali, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, P.O. Box 1906, Gizan, 45142, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966173295000, Email hhamali@jazanu.edu.saBackground: The hypercoagulability and thrombotic tendency in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is multifactorial, driven mainly by inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Elevated levels of procoagulant microvesicles (MVs) and tissue factor–bearing microvesicles (TF-bearing MVs) have been observed in many diseases with thrombotic tendency. The current study aimed to measure the levels of procoagulant MVs and TF-bearing MVs in patients with COVID-19 and healthy controls and to correlate their levels with platelet counts, D-Dimer levels, and other proposed calculated inflammatory markers.Materials and Methods: Forty ICU-admitted patients with COVID-19 and 37 healthy controls were recruited in the study. Levels of procoagulant MVs and TF-bearing MVs in the plasma of the study population were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results: COVID-19 patients had significantly elevated levels of procoagulant MVs and TF-bearing MVs as compared with healthy controls (P< 0.001). Procoagulant MVs significantly correlated with TF

Amr J Halawani,1 Abdullah A Mobarki,2 Ali H Arjan,3 Muhammad Saboor,2 Hassan A Hamali,2 Gasim Dobie,2 Khalaf F Alsharif4 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank, King Fahad Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Amr J Halawani, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, Email ajjhalawani@uqu.edu.saPurpose: Sickle cell disease (SCD) and thalassemia are common inherited blood disorders in Saudi Arabia, especially in Jazan Province. Patients with these disorders require multiple blood transfusions, which may lead to alloimmunization because of mismatched blood group antigens. In this study, we examined the alloimmunization and autoimmunization rates in patients with SCD and thalassemia together with the involved antibodies.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to review the transfusion history records of patients with SCD and thalassemia at Prince Mohammed bin Nasser Hospital, Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia.Results: Four-hundred thirty-eight patients (385 with SCD, 52 with β-thalassemia, and 1 with α-thalassemia) were received leukoreduced red cell transfusions. The alloimmunization and autoimmunization rates in patients with SCD were 12.98% and 0.52%, respectively. In patients with thalassemia, the alloimmunization and autoimmunization rates were 13.21% and 3.77%, respectively. The most prevalent antibodies in the study population were anti-E (17.19%) and anti-K (14.06%).Conclusion: The alloimmunization and autoimmunization rates were determined in patients with SCD and thalassemia in J

Ezeldine K Abdalhabib,1 Badr Alzahrani,1 Fehaid Alanazi,1 Abdulrahman Algarni,2 Ibrahim Khider Ibrahim,3 Hozifa A Mohamed,4,5 Hassan A Hamali,6 Abdullah A Mobarki,6 Gasim Dobie,6 Muhammad Saboor6,7 1Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al-Qurayyat, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Borders University, Arar, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan; 4Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan; 5Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sudan International University, Khartoum, Sudan; 6Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 7Medical Research Center (MRC), Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Muhammad Saboor, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 54 495 9029, Email msaboor@jazanu.edu.saPurpose: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTT1 and GSTM1) detoxify various endogenous and exogenous compounds and provide cytoprotective role against reactive species. This study aimed to assess the frequency of GSTT1, and GSTM1 polymorphisms in newly diagnosed Sudanese adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and to evaluate the association of these polymorphisms with age, gender and type of ALL.Patients and Methods: This case–control study included 128 adult Sudanese, untreated newly diagnosed patients with ALL, aged 18 to 74 years and 128 age-gender matched healthy controls. Deletional polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes were genotyped through a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using β-globin gene as an internal positive control.Results: The genotypic frequency o

Abdullah A Mobarki,1 Gasim Dobie,1 Muhammad Saboor,1,2 Aymen M Madkhali,1 Mohammad S Akhter,1 Ali Hakamy,3 Adel Humran,4 Yousof Hamali,5 Denise E Jackson,6 Hassan A Hamali1 1Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia; 2Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia; 4Respiratory Care Department, King Fahad Central Hospital, Gizan, Saudi Arabia; 5Radiodiagnostics and Medical Imaging Department, Prince Sultan Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 6Thrombosis and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC, AustraliaCorrespondence: Hassan A HamaliDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, P.O. Box 1906, Gizan, 45142, Saudi ArabiaTel +966581155585Email hhamali@jazanu.edu.saObjective: The aims of the current study were to evaluate the importance of MPR and NLR as prognostic markers in ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients and to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on hematological and coagulation parameters in patients from Jazan region of Saudi Arabia.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted between October 2020 and January 2021 at King Fahad Central Hospital, Jazan region. Medical files, which included the results of complete blood count (CBC), calculated mean platelet volume to platelet count ratio (MPR) and neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio (NLR) parameters, coagulation profile and D-dimer test, of 96 (64 male and 32 female) COVID-19-infected patients admitted to the intensive care unit were reviewed. Associations between the test results and COVID-19 infection outcomes (discharged [DC] or passed away [PA]) were measured.Results: The results of the current study demonstrate overall significant differences in CBC pa

Amr J Halawani,1 Mahmoud M Habibullah,2,3 Gasim Dobie,2 Alaa Alhazmi,2,3 Farkad Bantun,4 Mohammed H Nahari,5 Ibrahim Dawmary,6 Hisham I Abu-Tawil6,7 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 3SMIRES for Consultation in Specialized Medical Laboratories, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank, Prince Mohammed bin Nasser Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 7Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank, King Faisal Medical City for Southern Regions, Ministry of Health, Abha, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Amr J Halawani Makkah, 24381 8156, Saudi ArabiaEmail ajjhalawani@uqu.edu.saPurpose: Knowledge of the prevalence of blood group antigens in a given population is important for the prevention of hemolytic reactions. The MNS blood group system (002) has four polymorphic antigens—M, N, S, and s. Anti-S and anti-s antibodies may result in immediate and delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions, and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn may occur. The present study investigated the frequencies of the main antigens and phenotypes of the MNS blood group system.Subjects and Methods: We randomly obtained 149 samples from anonymous Saudi blood donors living in Jazan Province. Serotyping was conducted using a gel card to investigate (M, N, S, and s) antigens and phenotypes.Results: The frequencies of MNS antigens were as follows: M = 89.26%, N = 51.67%, S = 61.07%, and s = 82.55%. Regarding the MNS phenotypes, nine phenotypes were observed in the study population. The most common phenotype was M+N–S+s+ (n = 36, 24.16

Hassan A Hamali, Abdullah A Mobarki, Muhammad Saboor, Aymen Alfeel, Aymen M Madkhali, Mohammad S Akhter, Gasim Dobie Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Hassan A HamaliDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, P.O. Box 1906, Gizan 45142, Saudi ArabiaTel +966581155585Email hhamali@jazanu.edu.saPurpose: Anemia is one of the most common disorders affecting the population in both low-income and developing countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency in apparently normal male and female students of Jazan University, Saudi Arabia.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia. One hundred thirty-four (85 males and 49 females) healthy students with no outward signs of illness were recruited. A specific questionnaire related to sociodemographic and health characteristics was designed and validated. The collected samples were analyzed for complete blood count, serum iron, and serum ferritin.Results: In the male group, 81 participants (95.3%) were nonanemic with normal hemoglobin (14.99 ± 1.11g/dl), whereas only 4 males were anemic (hemoglobin < 13.0 g/dl). On the other hand, anemia was more prevalent in female students, as 67.35% had hemoglobin values less than 12.0 g/dl. In addition, 26.54% of the anemic females had low serum iron and serum ferritin, indicating iron-deficiency anemia. Although the majority of male participants had normal hemoglobin levels, 37.6% of them had low mean cell volume (MCV), low mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), low mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and high red blood cell (RBC) counts, suggesting thalassemia.Conclusion: Anemia, in particular iron-deficiency anemia, was found to be highly prevalent in females, whereas more than one-thir