Search

Based on the discussions of the Ban Council and the conference minutes of the Institute for Blind Children and Youth in Kočevje, the authors point out the problems of the institution, which were conditioned mainly by the lack of finances. They note that due to one of the biggest problems – inadequate accommodation capacities, or the lack of vital space for living and working – the institution in the 1930s did not have the opportunity to fully and completely adequately cover the educational process., Na osnovi razprav banskega sveta in konferenčnih zapisnikov Zavoda za slepe otroke in mladino v Kočevju avtorici v prispevku odstirata težave zavoda, ki so bile pogojene predvsem s pomanjkanjem financ. Ugotavljata, da zaradi ene največjih težav – neustreznih nastanitvenih kapacitet oziroma pomanjkanja vitalnega prostora za bivanje in delo – zavod v tridesetih letih 20. stoletja ni imel možnosti, da bi v celoti in povsem ustrezno zajel vzgojno-izobraževalni proces.

Prispevek se osredotoča na dve skupini otrok, in sicer gluhe in naglušne ter slepe in slabovidne. Sledi razvoju vzgojno-izobraževalnega sistema za omenjene otroke od konca prve svetovne vojne do konca obdobja socializma v začetku devetdesetih let, s poudarkom na obdobju po drugi svetovni vojni. V tem obdo­ bju sta se pri skrbi za otroke s posebnimi potrebami uporabljala dva temeljna koncepta, in sicer segregacija in integracija The article focuses on two groups of children with special needs: the deaf and hard of hearing, and the blind and visually impaired children. The article outlines the development of the education system for the mentioned groups of children in the period from the end of the First World War to the end of the socialist period at the start of the 1990s. The contribution mainly focuses on the period after the end of the Second World War. In that period, two underlying concepts were used in the care for children with special needs, namely segregation and integration

The following article focuses on two groups of people in Slovenia who were forcibly separated from their parents and had their childhood stolen from them by two different ideologies. The first group consists of the victims of the German occupiers, while the second one involves the post-war retaliation of the victorious side. The contribution at hand sheds light on the consequences of these acts of violence and the lives of the children affected by them after the separation from their parents while presenting their efforts to regulate their legal status. In this context, it reveals the individual stories/memories of stolen and forgotten children. Their legal status was finally regulated in the independent state of Slovenia., Prispevek se osredotoča na dve skupini oseb v Sloveniji, ki sta jih dve različni ideologiji nasilno ločili od staršev in jima ukradli otroštvo. Prva skupina je žrtev nemškega okupatorja, druga povojnih obračunavanj zmagovalca. Prispevek osvetli posledice tega nasilnega dejanja in življenje otrok po ločitvi, hkrati pa predstavi njihova prizadevanja za ureditev pravnega statusa in v okviru tega odstira posamezne zgodbe/spomine odraslih ukradenih in pozabljenih otrok. Njihov pravni status je uredila šele samostojna država Slovenija.

The contribution presents the development of special education in Slovenia in the interwar period: from the first special class at the IV City School for Boys in Ljubljana’s district of Prule in 1911 to the development of independent special schools in Ljubljana and Maribor and their efforts for the maximum inclusion of children with mild developmental disabilities into the system of special education, which provided them with primary education and prospects for an independent life. The contribution focuses on the special school in Maribor in the context of a general presentation of special education in Slovenia in the pre-war period., Prispevek prikaže razvoj pomožnega šolstva v Sloveniji v obdobju med obema vojnama: od prvega pomožnega razreda na IV. mestni deški šoli na Prulah v Ljubljani leta 1911 do razvoja samostojnih pomožnih šol v Ljubljani in Mariboru ter njihovega prizadevanja za čim širšo vključitev otrok z lažjimi motnjami v duševnem razvoju v pomožnošolski sistem, ki je s prilagojenim poukom nudil otrokom osnovnošolsko izobrazbo in možnosti za samostojno življenje. Prispevek se osredotoča na pomožno šolo v Mariboru v kontekstu splošnega prikaza pomožnega šolstva v Sloveniji v predvojnem obdobju.

BETWEEN CONTINUITY AND DISCONTINUITY: THE ROLE OF THE 30TH DEVELOPMENT GROUP AND SPECIAL BRIGADE IN THE DEFENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA IN 1991The article focuses on the issue of the establishment of a new military formation - a special brigade, indicating that the military preparations of what was at the time still not an independent and sovereign Republic of Slovenia were in fact underway. The confiscation of Territorial Defence weapons, taking place in May 1990, as well as other activities in the military field implied that an armed conflict was probably imminent. In these circumstances it became clear that it was important to preserve the continuity of the state leadership, which was a precondition for the organisation of the defence efforts of the nation. Hence the requirement and decision to organise special units with special tasks, including the protection of the political leadership. Due to time constraints, a mobilisation of officers, instructors and soldiers themselves for the basic training followed. Before that moment many of these had been members of the Security Brigade. The reason was that this unit was the best in the structure of the Territorial Defence of the Republic of Slovenia, and it had the best weapons at its disposal. In many aspects this very fact facilitated or even enabled the formal establishment of the new military formation - the 30th Development Group, which managed to successfully, effectively and highly professionally carry out all of its special tasks in the time before and during the armed conflicts in the Republic of Slovenia. After the war the unit was transformed and received a more recognisable name: the MORiS Brigade.

HEALTHCARE SITUATION AND ORGANISATION OF LEGAL HEALTHCARE SERVICE FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN AT THE GERMAN OCCUPATION ZONE: IN THE OCCUPIED TERRITORY OF CARINTHIA AND CARNIOLAOn the basis of archive sources, literature and the press the author provides a detailed presentation of the organisation of the legal healthcare service as well as, in its context, the legal healthcare for women and children in the part of Slovenia occupied by the Germans. The emphasis lies especially on the outline of the situation in the occupied territories of Carinthia and Carniola. The article provides an insight into the Nazi principles with regard to welfare and healthcare as well as into the ultimate goals of the German occupation authorities, obscured by various healthcare benefits.

PATRIOTISM IN SLOVENIA IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD (1918–1941)In the introduction the article discusses the concept of patriotism and its importance for the formation of the national identity. This is followed by the outline of the definition of nation through the process of statehood, which Slovenians had undertaken immediately after the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy – in the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. During its formation Slovenians had strong patriotic feelings, and at the same time they felt profound disappointment and dissatisfaction with the once dominant German government structures. The formation of the State of SHS was exceedingly solemn, which the article tries to depict by describing the festivities at the moment when the state was established, when Slovenians, proud of their nation, language and culture, looked into the future with great expectations, imagining an idealised unification with the Serbian brothers in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians. Gradually the time for sobriety arrived, indicating that Slovenians would once again have to fight for their own identity and the related cultural and linguistic characteristics and particularities. This struggle was made harder by the mutual opposition between the political parties. In order to provide a more vivid presentation of the Slovenian patriotic feelings at the time, the article quotes excerpts from the memoirs of cer- tain intellectuals at the time – astute observers of the contemporaneous social developments, which allowed them to overcome the spatially and temporally limited understanding of the future of the Slovenian political elites of that period. One of these intellectuals was Angela Vode.

By means of archive sources, literature and Contemporary newspapers, the author explores the time when also in the territory of the former Drava Banate much attention was paid to the population policy. The precondition for its successful implementation was effective health and social protection of mothers and children, reflected in the founding of new health and social institutions and training of professional staff, which would also raise awareness and educate especially the poor mothers in the field., Avtorica na osnovi arhivskih virov, literature in časopisja obravnava čas, ko se je tudi na območju Dravske banovine (Slovenije) posvečala velika skrb populacijski politiki. Prvi pogoj za njeno uspešnost pa je bila učinkovita zdravstvena in socialna zaščita mater in otrok, ki se je kazala v ustanavljanju novih zdravstvenih in socialnih ustanov ter usposabljanju strokovnega osebja, ki bi tudi na terenu ozaveščalo in izobraževalo zlasti revne matere.

Po drugi svetovni vojni je t. i. ljudska oblast na prvo mesto postavljala delovnega človeka, zato je z nacionalizacijami in ukinitvijo ali omejitvijo zasebnega delana videz odpravila nekdanje elite, vendar jih ni mogla povsem izbrisati tudi iz miselnosti ljudi. Po novem naj bi bili zdravstvene in socialne varnosti deležni vsi državljani, za kar naj bi poskrbela kar država sama. Po letu 1945 so začeli izenačevati zdravstvene in socialne pravice zavarovanja, njihove stroške je začela v vedno večji meri nositi država. Sprva so bili izenačevanja pravic deležni le zaposleni in uslužbenci v državnih podjetjih in ustanovah, od petdesetih let dalje pa so se zakonske pravice glede pristopa do zdravstvenih in socialnih storitev razširile skoraj na vse državljane.

On the basis of archive sources (stenographic minutes of the sessions), daily newspapers and literature, the author focuses on three periods of the Ljubljana Administrative Unit Assembly sessions between 1927 and 1929, when, in the atmosphere of conflicts between various parties, social and health issues were also considered. The author makes a detailed demonstration of individual sessions in regard to the aforementioned issues - discussions which developed every time, indicating the various standpoints of the opposition and the majority in regard to health and social issues, but at the same time, in spite of the differences, also the will to seek out constructive solutions in order to improve the health and social situation of the weakest social classes in the Ljubljana administrative unit., Avtorica obravnava s pomočjo arhivskih virov (stenografskih zapisnikov sej ljubljanske oblastne skupščine), dnevnega časopisja in literature, tri obdobja zasedanja ljubljanske oblastne skupščine v letih 1927-1929, ko so se v ozračju medstrankarskih razprtij, obravnavali tudi zdravstvena in socialna vprašanja. Podrobno prikaže potek posameznih sej glede teh dveh vprašanj, razprave, ki so se vsakič razvile in pokazale na različna stališča opozicije in večine glede reševanja zdravstvene in socialne problematike, a hkrati, kljub različnosti, pripravljenost iskati konstruktivne rešitve, ki bi olajšale zdravstveno in socialno stisko najbolj socialno šibkih slojev ljubljanske oblasti.

The first part of the paper presents a birth rate statistics for Ljubljana during the Second World War, based on archive sources, such as the birth protocols of the Hospital for Women's Diseases in Ljubljana from the 1941-1945 period and annual reports on the health situation in the city for the same period by Dr. Mavricij Rus, a city physician. Although the annual report for 1942 has not been preserved, fragments of data for the missing year were retrieved from the reports for other years. In the second part, health and social care of mothers and infants is outlined using the aforementioned annual reports, material from the municipal socio-political office and daily newspapers. The author mainly focuses on infants and preschool children in Ljubljana., Avtorica v članku v prvem delu podaja statistični prikaz gibanja rojstev v Ljubljani v času druge svetovne vojne na podlagi arhivskih virov, to je porodnih protokolov Bolnice za ženske bolezni v Ljubljani za leta 1941-1945 ter letnih poročil mestnega fizika dr. Mavricija Rusa o zdravstvenih razmerah v Ljubljani za čas 1940-1945; letno poročilo za leto 1942 ni ohranjeno, vendar so drobci za to manjkajoče leto razvidni v poročilih drugih let. V drugem delu avtorica s pomočjo arhivskih virov (Ietna poročila mestnega fizika in gradivo mestnega socialno-političnega urada) in takratnega dnevnega časopisja prikazuje socialno in zdravstveno zaščito mater in majhnih otrok. Osredotoča se predvsem na dojenčke in predšolske otroke.