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Background: Cervicogenic Headache (CGH) represents a major health problem, aggravating Quality of Life (QOL) and work productivity. The Suboccipital Muscles (SOM) have been identified as playing a role in cervical pain, and are therefore a target for rehabilitation.Aim of the Study: To asses the effect of CGH on myoe-lectrical activities of suboccipital muscles, functional activities and ROM of neck.Subjects and Methods: Thirty patients with CGH of both genders participated in this study. They were recruited from the out patient clinic of Kasr El-Ainy and thirty normal subjects, their ages ranged from 18-55 years old. They were randomly assigned into 2 experimental groups: Group A (18- 35 years)-group B (36-55 years) & 2 control groups: Group C (18-35 years)-group D (36-55 years). Myoelectrical activities was measured by Natus nicolet vikingquest to analyze the motor unit potentials by quantitative measures & neck range of motion was measured by Cervical Range of Motion (CROM) device and functional activities of the neck was measured by Neck Disability Index (NDI).Results: There was non significance increase in myoelec-trical activities of the suboccipital muscles in cervicogenic patients than normal subjects with (p-value=0.147). And there was statistical significant decrease in all ROM values and functional activities in cervicogenic patients than normal subjects in cervicogenic patients than normal subjects with (p-value

Background: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is an effective and safe non-invasive treatment option for tendon and other pathologies of the musculoskeletal system.Aim of Study: To provide the physical therapist with an objective guideline about the success rate of shock wave in the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions.Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Sources of data: PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane and science direct were searched from January 2007 till September 2017 for studies of any design investigating the effectiveness of ESWT in GTPS, PT, and AT. Citation tracking was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar. Animal and non-English lan-guage studies were excluded. A quality assessment was per-formed by 2 independent reviewers, and effect size calculations were computed when sufficient data were provided.Results: The meta-analysis of the selected studies revealed significant effects of the shockwave on the ligament, tendon, muscle and joint disorders.Conclusion: Shockwave either focused or radial has a significant effect in treatment of musculoskeletal disorders.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of sex and neck positions on hand grip strength in healthy normal adults. One hundred healthy adults of both sexes participated in this study. They were recruited from the students of the faculty of physical Therapy. Their ages ranged between 17 and 25 years. They were assigned to two equal groups according to their sex. Hand grip strength was measured in several neck positions. Grip strength was measured by using the Jamar handheld dynamometer, and the neck range of motion was measured by using the cervical range of motion. Among females, there was a significant difference between the hand grip strength in neutral position and in other neck positions (P=0.036). Among males, there was a significant difference between the hand grip strength in the neutral position and in other neck positions. Within neck positions, there was a significant difference (P

Background: cryotherapy application is commonly used as a physical therapy tools with many advantages, however numerous researchers have stated decrease in subject balance which affects quality of movement following cryotherapy application, thus the purpose of study was to investigate the immediate and late effect of cryotherapy on ankle dominant joint on static balance and test the difference in static balance change between both sexes. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects, Subjects had their static balance tested during two conditions: (1) an experimental condition where the subject received the cryotherapy application by using cooled gel pack to the dominant ankle joint for 15 minutes immediately before static balance testing and (2) a control condition finished at room temperature. Using coin flip for randomization the order of examining condition. Biodex balance system was used to measure static balance. Results: analysis of data using ANOVA and unpaired test, show insignificantly statistically effect in all aspect of static balance within female group and within male group with p-value of overall stability index for female=0.669, for male =0.382, Anterior/posterior stability index for female =0.196, for male=0.552 and medial/lateral stability index for female =0.989, for male=0.46 and insignificant statistically difference between male and female in all aspect of static balance. Conclusion: the result of the study suggest that using cold gel pack for fifteen minutes of cold gel pack on dominant ankle extremity have no effect on static balance on both sexes.

Smart phones are constantly used for extended periods while looking at the visual display terminals this may causes musculoskeletal problems. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate effect of smart phone using duration and gender on dynamic balance. Subjects: Sixty normal subjects included in this study their age ranged from 20 years to 35 years were divided into three groups, A not using smart phone, B using smart phone less than 4 h per day, C using smart phone more than 4 h per day. Methods: Biodex Stability System was utilized to assess dynamic balance; 3 trials were performed from which the mean value was calculated. Results: there is a significant decrease in all balance directions for group B and C (using smart phone) with favor reduction for group C (using smart phone more than 4 h per day) and there is a significant difference between male and female subjects as dynamic balance decreased more in female subjects more than male subjects. Conclusion: Long duration of smart phone using affect negatively the balance ability especially in females, so we should develop preventive programs to alleviate its negative effects.