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Clerodendrum ervatamioides C. Y. Wu was described in 1977 with its type locality in Yunnan, China. During our floristic investigation in the Muong Nhe Nature Reserve of Vietnam of Dien Bien province and in the Muong Te district of the Lai Chau province, we collected several specimens of Clerodendrum ervatamioides, marking the first record of its occurrence in Vietnam. In this paper, details of the morphological features, distribution, ecology, photo plates, and a table comparing the morphological features with its ally Clerodendrum garrettianum Craib are provided.

Schisandra grandiflora (Wall.) Hook. f. & Thomson (Schisandraceae: sect. Pleiostema), the specimens collected in Ha Giang, Cao Bang, and Vinh Phuc provinces, as a new recorded species for the flora of Vietnam. A morphological comparison with related species and a key to species in Vietnam was provided. A description including details of distribution and habitat is supplied with a line-drawing.

Strobilanthes lamiifolia (Nees) T. Anderson is reported here as a new record for the flora of Vietnam. It is morphologically allied to Strobilanthes sulfurea but differs in the shape of the leaf, bract, and bracteoles. Photographs and line drawings are given together with information on habitat, ecology and preliminary conservation assessment based on IUCN criteria.

Amblovenatum immersum (Blume) Mazumdar (Thelypteridaceae) is newly recorded in Vietnam. It is similar to A. terminans (Panigrahi) J. P. Roux in its woody rhizome and cristate spores but differs in terms of its plant size, lobed pinnae, lobed segments, veinlets, sori and indusia. It was previously found to exist in China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Thailand as well as in east Africa, tropical America, northern Australia and Micronesia. The present study provides a detailed description, photos, and line drawing of the species. Furthermore, a comparison of the diagnostic characters with the closely related species in Vietnam A. terminans is provided.

Strobilanthes spathulatibracteata is described as a new species from northern Vietnam. Morphologically, it resembles S. tonkinensis, but differs in its perennial undershrub habit, hirsute young stem, fragrant stem and blades, spathulate bracts and bracteoles with gland-tipped hirsute indumentum, 2-lipped calyx, 35–45 mm long corolla being puberulent outside and hirsute inside, and apically pubescent fruits. Photographs, illustrations, information on its habitat, ecology, pollen morphology and a preliminary conservation assessment are provided.

Cyrtandromoea grandiflora is reported from Dien Bien and Lai Chau provinces in Northern Vietnam, representing the first record of this species and the genus Cyrtandromoea in the country. Detailed photographic illustrations of studied specimens are provided. A key to the Vietnamese genera and species of Phrymaceae is presented.

An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the Tay ethnic group in Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam has been carried out in the present study, especially in the region of Định Hoá, Phú Lương, and Võ Nhai districts. The ethnobotanical survey was conducted between 2018 and 2021 and a catalog of the medicinal plant used by the Tay ethnic group is prepared. The results of the current survey revealed that the plants used by Tay ethnic group consist of 321 species belonging to 253 genera and 103 botanical families. Majority of the plants belonging the family Euphorbiaceae (20 species), Asteraceae (19 species), Acanthaceae and Rutaceae (13 species each), Fabaceae (12 species), and Poaceae (11 species). Leaves were the most frequently used plant part (48.0%) in the preparation of medicines. The most frequent preparation method was decoction (47.7%), followed by crushing (29.9%), sauna (18.0), pickle wine (11.8%), and raw (5.6%). The major plant used by Tay ethnic people were Schefflera heptaphylla (L.) Frodin and Plantago major L., (2); Elephantopus scaber L. and Achyranthes aspera L.; Streblus asper Lour. We also carried out screening of some of the medicinal plant extracts for their biological activities especially the inhibition of cancer cell lines.

This study aimed to assess the relationship between distribution, altitude and investigation lines of vascular plants in Bat Xat Nature Reserve, Lao Cai province. Based on the collected specimens added 273 species of vascular plants belonging to 48 genera, 18 families, bringing the total number the currently known species are 1245 species of vascular plants belonging to 649 genera, 174 families and under 6 divisions such as. Of these, and there are 211 endemic and rare species consists have been recorded and 22 rare species 17 endemic species and updated scientific name 14 species added checklist to the Nature Reserve. Topographic, vegetation and distribution maps, changes in diversity and a checklist of endemic and rare species are shown.

Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f. (Celastraceae), collected from Phia Oac-Phia Den National Park of Vietnam, is reported here as a new generic and species record for the flora of Vietnam. The genus Tripterygium differs from other genera of Celastraceae by its samara fruits, which become three-winged at maturity, and a scandent shrub. Taxonomic notes, descriptions, line drawing and photographs are provided, together with short notes on the distribution, ecology and phenology of Tripterygium wilfordii.

Ceriscoides glabra, a new species of the tribe Gardenieae (Rubiaceae), is described and illustrated. The species was discovered in 2017–2018 in Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve (Gia Lai Province, southern Vietnam), in the vicinity of the locally well-known K50 waterfall, also known as Hang En waterfall. The new species differs from its congeners by the following features: plant entirely glabrous, leaf blade mostly less than 6.5 cm long and less than 4 cm wide, with 3–4 pairs of secondary veins and without domatia, calyx in female flowers glabrous with lobes more than 9 mm long, and corolla lobes in female flowers more than 10 mm long and distinctly longer than wide.

A new species of Sporoxeia (Melastomataceae), S. vietnamensis, is described from northern Vietnam. It is morphologically similar to S. blastifolia in having obtusely quadrangular stems, slightly unequal leaf blades with cuneate bases, and two secondary veins on each side of midvein, but differs by having stiffly papery leaf blades, larger and densely horned hypanthia, larger calyx lobes with concave adaxial surface and convex abaxial surface forming a ridge, and larger petals. Photos and illustration are provided together with information of habitat, ecology and preliminary conservation assessment following IUCN criteria. An identification key to the Sporoxeia species is also provided.

Hullettia King ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5(15): 547. 1888; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 5 (2): 163. tab. 197. 1896; Engl. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfarm. Nachtr. II-IV: 122. 1897; Boerl. Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 338, 372. 1900; Ridley, Fl. Malay Penin. 3: 358. 1924; Jarrett, Jour. Arnold Arbor. 40: 9, 11. fig. 2 (g-k), fig. 3 (j-l). 1959; id. 41: 334. 1960; C. C. Berg et al., Fl. Males., Ser. 1, Spermat. 17 (1): 126. 2006. Lectotype: Hullettia griffithiana (Kurz) Hook. f. [designated by Jarrett, Journ. Arnold Arbor. 41: 334. 1960]. Shrubs to small trees, monoecious. Leaves spirally arranged; simple, entire, lamina pinnately veined. Stipules paired, linear, lateral, scars small, round. Inflorescences unisexual, solitary or pairs in leaf axils, capitate, head pulvinate or obconical at anthesis, becoming subglobose in syncarp, pedunculate; stamens or ovaries sunken in cavities closely set on the upper surface of the receptacle; receptacle naked (perianths and interfloral bracts lacking), fleshy; involucre of 3-6 obtuse to lanceolate, flattened bracts present. At anthesis: anthers or stigmas exserted through perforations in the upper surface of the receptacle; involucre marginal; male head with up to 30 flowers; stamens paired in each cavity with the filaments partially or almost completely united, long-exserted; female head with up to 6 flowers, ovaries solitary in each cavity, unilocular, the style apical with a short-exserted, capitate stigma, the ovule apical. Mature syncarp formed by the enlargement of the entire female head, with 2-6 flowers forming fruit and completely filling the receptacle; involucre equatorial or becoming sub-basal through the greater expansion of the upper surface of the receptacle; mature ovary pergamentaceous, scar left by the style apical, the seed large, attached apically, testa membranous except the thickened apical cap, endosperm none, embryo straight, orientation longitudinal, cotyledons equal, appressed faces at an angle of 0-90° to median plane of ovary, radicle and plumule small. This genus comprises two species and ranges from Southern Myanmar (Tenasserim), Vietnam, and Thailand, to the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra (Indragiri)., Published as part of Bui, Van Huong, Vu, Dinh Duy, Pham, Mai Huong, Do, Van Hai, Doan, Hoang Son, Bui, Van Thanh, Dam, Ngoc Anh Luu, Truong, Ba Vuong & Gardner, Elliot M., 2022, HULLETTIA King ex Hook. f. (Moraceae), A newly recorded genus to the Flora of Vietnam, with its lectotypification and a revised key to Vietnamese Moraceae, pp. 272-278 in Phytotaxa 550 (3) on page 275, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.550.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6651048

Key to the genera of Moraceae in Vietnam This key presented applies to the native and naturalized general of Vietnam and follows recent taxonomic revisions in Moraceae. Previously-accepted genera are given in brackets. For genera represented only by one species, the species name is given in parentheses. 1a. Plants woody...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 1b. Plants not woody................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 2a. Plants herbaceous or subshrubs, without latex; inflorescences cymose or spicate; stamens 4............................. Fatoua (F. villosa) 2b. Plants herbaceous or succulent, within latex; inflorescences discoid to turbinate; stamens 2 or 3 (introduced)................................................................................................................................................................................................... Dorstenia (D. contrajerva) 3a. Inflorescences urceolate (figs) stigmas and anthers not exposed at anthesis; leaves usually trinerved at the base; lamina with waxy glandular spots at the base of the midrib or in the axils of the basal lateral veins beneath........................................................ Ficus 3b. Inflorescences not urceolate, stigmas and anthers exposed at anthesis; leaves seldom trinerved at the base; lamina usually without waxy glandular spots.......................................................................................................................................................................... 4 4a. Staminate inflorescence capitate with at least a rudimentary involucre; stipules lateral................................................................... 5 4b. Inflorescences not involucrate; stipules lateral or fully amplexicaul................................................................................................. 6 5a. Leaves distichous, involucral bracts imbrivate, pistillate flowers one per inflorescence, stamens straight or inflexed in bud....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 5b. Leaves spirally arranged; involucral bracts not imbricate; pistillate inflorescences multiflorous, with flowers embedded in the receptacle; stamens straight in bud................................................................................................................... Hullettia (H. dumosa) 6a. Inflorescences bisexual; staminate flowers numerous, surrounding 1-2 central pistillate flowers; (introduced) Brosimum (B. utile) 6b. Inflorescences unisexual..................................................................................................................................................................... 8 7a. Inflorescences always unisexual, pistillate inflorescences involucrate; staminate inflorescences discoid with a well-developed involucre; stamens straight in bud; with self-pruning branches....................................................................... Antiaris (A. toxicaria) 7b. Inflorescences sometimes bisexual, pistillate inflorescences not involucrate; staminate inflorescences capitate with a rudimentary involucre; stamens inflexed in bud; without self-pruning branches................................................ Streblus [Streblus sect. Streblus] 8a. Stamens one per flower, straight in bud; pistillate flowers at least partially connate....................................................... Artocarpus 8b. Stamens 4‒5 per flower, inflexed in bud; pistillate flowers free, or if connate, the plants armed with spines................................. 9 9a. Plants armed with curved or straight spines; staminate and pistillate inflorescences globose-capitate and multiflorous; tepals and bracts mostly with yellow dye accumulated in immersed glands........................................................................................ Maclura 9b. Plants unarmed, or if armed, then with straights spines; staminate inflorescences not globose-capitate or pistillate inflorescences not multiflorous, tepals and bracts without yellow dye containing glands..................................................................................... 10 10a. Plants climbers................................................................................................................................................................................. 11 10b. Plants trees or shrubs....................................................................................................................................................................... 12 11a. Plants deciduous; lamina chartaceous, leaf margin crenate to serrate-dentate; pistillate inflorescences globose................................................................................................................................................... Allaeanthus [Broussonetia sect. Allaeanthus] (A. kurzii) 11b. Plants evegreen; lamina subcoriaceous, leaf margin entire or denticulate towards the apex; pistillate inflorescences capitate but not globose.................................................................................................................... Malaisia [Trophis sect. Malaisia] (M. scandens) 12a. Staminate flowers 5-parted; leaf margin entire..................................... Pseudostreblus [Streblus sect. Pseudostreblus] (P. indicus) 12b. Staminate flower 4-parted; leaf margin toothed at least toward the apex........................................................................................ 13 13a. Leaves distichous, spirally arranged, or subopposite: shoot apices shed, just above the upper lateral, scaled resting-bud thorns always absent; pistillate inflorescences spicate or globose, multiflorous........................................................................................ 14 13b. Leaves distichous; shoot apices persistent, thorns usually present, axillary or terminating short shoots; pistillate inflorescences uniflorous to racemose........................................................................................................ Taxotrophis [Streblus sect. Taxotrophis] 14a. Leaves distichous; pistillate inflorescences spicate; tepals of the pistillate flowers free; stigmas 2 equal............................... Morus 14b. Leaves spirally arranged or subopposite; pistillate inflorescences globose; tepals of the pistillate flowers connate; stigma 1, or if 2, then unequal ........................................................................................................................................... Broussonetia (B. papyrifera), Published as part of Bui, Van Huong, Vu, Dinh Duy, Pham, Mai Huong, Do, Van Hai, Doan, Hoang Son, Bui, Van Thanh, Dam, Ngoc Anh Luu, Truong, Ba Vuong & Gardner, Elliot M., 2022, HULLETTIA King ex Hook. f. (Moraceae), A newly recorded genus to the Flora of Vietnam, with its lectotypification and a revised key to Vietnamese Moraceae, pp. 272-278 in Phytotaxa 550 (3) on pages 276-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.550.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6651048

Hullettia dumosa King, Fl. Brit. India 5(15): 547. 1888; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 5: 163. 1896; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 358. 1924; Jarrett, J. Arnold Arbor. 40: 9, f. 2g-k. 1959; 41: 337. 1960; Kochummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3: 162, t. 8. 1978; C.C. Berg et al., Fl. Males., Ser. 1, Spermat. 17(1): 127. 2006; C. C. Berg et al., Fl. Thailand, Vol. 10(4): 651. 2011 (Figs. 1, 2). Type: —PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, Perak, Scortechini sine num. (lectotype, designated here: K: K000898664 digital image!; isolectotypes: K000898665, digital image!; K000898667, digital image!; L0815283, digital image!) (Fig.1) Small trees, height to 10 m. Leafy twigs 3‒5 mm thick, acutely rugose, hairs pale yellow, densely pubescent. Stipules linear 1‒1.2 cm long, densely reddish-brown pubescent, subpersistent. Leaves spirally arranged; lamina subobovate to oblong, 38‒39 x 10.5‒11 cm, coriaceous, apex acuminate, base rounded to cuneate, margin entire; glabrous on both surface; midrib prominent above, lateral veins 13‒16 pairs, tertiary venation reticulate; Petiole 7‒8 cm long, pale white pubescent. Staminate inflorescences axillary, solitary or paired; peduncle 1‒2 cm long, short pubescent; receptacle discoid, ca. 1 cm diam., pubescent outside, involucral bracts marginal, ovate, 3‒4 mm long, puberulent; perianth ca. 1.5 mm long puberulent; stamens c. 3mm long, filaments connate, anthers ca. 1 mm long; interfloral bracts ovate to linear, puberulent; Pistillate inflorescences axillary, solitary or paired; peduncle 4.5‒5 cm long, puberulent; receptacle discoid, ca. 1.6‒1.8 cm diam., white pubescent outside; involucral bracts ovate, 2‒3 mm long, puberulent; flowers ca. 8; perianth 1‒1.5 mm long, apex densely minutely pubescent; stigmas clavate, 0.5‒1 mm long. Infructescences subglobose to discoid, 4.5‒5 cm diam., densely pubescent, with 2‒3 fruits, ellipsoid, 2.4 x 1.6 cm; peduncle 5‒5.5 x ca. 1.5 cm, short pubescent. Phenology in Vietnam: —Fruiting in May Habitat in Vietnam: —Lowland [primary and] secondary evergreen forests up to 400 m a.s.l Distribution:— VIETNAM (Phu Yen province), Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Indonesia. Remaining syntypes examined: —PENISULAR MALAYSIA, Perak, March 1883, Dr. King’s Collector 3959 (CAL: CAL0000014715, digital image!; K: K000898666, digital image!; P: P06861941, digital images!). Specimens examined: — VIETNAM, Phu Yen Prov.: Song Hinh Distr., Song Hinh Protection forest, 16 May 2020, Vu Dinh Duy, Bui Van Huong, Doan Hoang Son, D48 (VNMN!, HN!). PENISULAR MALAYSIA, Perak, Larut, September 1981, Dr King’s Collector 2405 (CAL0000014704, CAL0000014705, CAL0000014714, digital images!); Larut, September 1881, H. Kunstler 2405 (CAL0000014713, digital image!), Larut, March 1882, H. Kunstler 2488 (CAL0000014712, digital image!); Perak, May 1884, B Scortechini 656 (CAL0000014716, K000898668, digital images!); Perak, Revd. Father Scortechini 656 (CAL0000014717, CAL0000014718, K000898666, digital images!); Ulu Bubong, July 1886, Dr. King’s Collector 10427 (CAL0000014706, CAL0000014707, digital images!; K000898662!, K000898663!); Goping, November 1880, H. Kunstler 1052 (CAL0000014708 digital images!), Dr. King’s Collector 1052 ( CAL0000014709, CAL0000014710, digital images!) Taxonomic notes: ‒ Hullettia may be readily distinguished from other Moraceae in Vietnam even when sterile. While Ficus (in part) and Artocarpus subg. Artocarpus may have a spiral leaf arrangement superficially resembling that of Hullettia, the latter may be readily distinguished based on the lateral (non-amplexicaul) linear stipules. Flowering or fruiting material can be further distinguished by the marginal, non-overlapping involucral bracts a feature unique to Hullettia. Nomenclatural notes: —The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Turland et al. 2018) suggests that each name must be typified by a single specimen; when multiple syntypes are extant, the lectotype must be selected from these. Hullettia dumosa was described by King (1888, 1896) on the basis of two gatherings, Scortechini, s.n. and King’s Collector [probably H.H. Kunstler] 3959, from Perak in Peninsular Malaysia. Following an intensive search in various national and international herbaria we located seven specimens in four herbaria belonging to these gatherings: Scortechini s.n., (K: K000898664, K000898665, K000898667, L: L0815283); and King’s Collector 3959 (CAL: CAL0000014715, K: K000898666, P: P06861941). Among the syntypes, the specimen Scortechini s.n. at K (K000898664) (Fig. 1) provides the best diagnostic characters, with well-preserved leaves and fruits showing the involucral bracts, the latter of which are not as apparent on the other specimens. Therefore, we designate this specimen as the lectotype in accordance with Arts. 9.3, 9.12 & 9.13 of ICN (Turland et al. 2018). The three additional duplicates (K000898665, K000898667, L0815283) become isolectotypes., Published as part of Bui, Van Huong, Vu, Dinh Duy, Pham, Mai Huong, Do, Van Hai, Doan, Hoang Son, Bui, Van Thanh, Dam, Ngoc Anh Luu, Truong, Ba Vuong & Gardner, Elliot M., 2022, HULLETTIA King ex Hook. f. (Moraceae), A newly recorded genus to the Flora of Vietnam, with its lectotypification and a revised key to Vietnamese Moraceae, pp. 272-278 in Phytotaxa 550 (3) on pages 275-276, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.550.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6651048, {"references":["Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (Eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018","King, G. (1888) Hullettia. In: Hooker, J. D. (Ed.) Flora of British India. L. Reeve & Co., London, pp. 547.","King, G. (1896) Desctiptions of new and rare Indian plants. Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 5 (2): 163."]}

Rungia gialaiensis, a new species endemic to Gia Lai Province in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically allied to R. daklakensis and R. khasiana, but differs from both in its stoloniferous branches growing from leaf axils.

Peliosanthes crassicoronata is described and illustrated as a new species from southern Vietnam. It somewhat resembles P. macrostegia in having drooping bowl-shaped purplish flowers, but is readily distinguishable by the larger leaves with more numerous longitudinal veins, internally thickly ribbed staminal corona, and pistil with a hexagonal ovary and an indistinct style. The phylogenetic relationship of the new species was inferred from an analysis of chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences.

The present work is an effort to untangle the taxonomy of Phlogacanthus pulcherrimus, a poorly known species reported here for the first time for the flora of Vietnam. Fresh specimens of this species were collected from three localities in Southern Vietnam. They provided new insights to its appearance and morphology. Phlogacanthus pulcherrimus can be distinguished from the morphologically close P. geoffrayi and P. turgidus by oblanceolate-obovate, light to dark purple flower-subtending bracts, oblanceolate bracteoles, and staminodes 1 mm long. The corolla of the Vietnamese specimens of P. pulcherrimus is uniformly dark purple outside. A detailed description, photographs, and information on habitat, ecology and distribution of P. pulcherrimus are provided. Typification of this name is performed, and a specimen at K (K000885620) is designated as a lectotype.

Conamomum pierreanum (Gagnep.) Skornick. & A. D. Poulsen, (Zingiberaceae), a previously known species from Thailand and Cambodia, is here reported, as a new record for Vietnam. It is similar to C. rubidum and C. odorum but differs in having a present stilt root; a shorter petiole, 2-3 cm; a larger leaf blade, oblong, 30-50 × 5-8 cm, glabrous; a globose to ovoid inflorescence, arising near the base of rhizome; tomentose outer surface of bract; a 3-toothed bracteole, outer surface hairy; and a smaller filament, yellowish and glabrous. The detailed morphological description, distribution and ecology information, conservation status and a colour plate of this species are given.

The genus Tolypanthus and two species, Tolypanthus maclurei and Taxillus vestitus, are reported as new records for Vietnam. Taxonomy and geographical distribution of the newly recorded taxa are discussed; lectotypes of the genus Tolypanthus and the two species are designated. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of both newly recorded species as well as a key to species of Taxillus in Vietnam are provided. Diversity of the family Loranthaceae in Vietnam is briefly summarized.