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Purpose: This study examined the influence of the maximal aerobic capacity on the two-year cardiac-related re-hospitalization in pa tients with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in Korean society. Methods: The maximal aerobic capacity of the study population (n=95, male 63%) was evaluated using a cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) testing system. Each patient was followed up for two years to divide the HFrEF patients into two groups according to cardiac-re lated re-hospitalization: re-hospitalization (RH) group (n=29, 30%) and no re-hospitalization (NRH) group (n=66, 70%). Results: The relative peak VO2 (mL/kg/min, p

We investigated the connection between the exchange rate volatility and the underlying fundamental volatility, and found that the two volatilities are correlated. This finding indicates that a flexible exchange rate need not be an unstable exchange rates and domestic macroeconomic stabilization policy aimed at reducing exchange rate volatility is still valid and important. For institutional factors reducing the fundamentals volatility associated with exchange rate fluctuations, we found the importance of two factors: the financial development and the reduction in exchange and capital controls. Various indices of them are found to affect macroeconomic stability. There seems to exist some underlying driving force between financial underdevelopment, macroeconomic instability, and exchange rate volatility all at the same time.

HD video applications can be represented with multiple tasks consisting of tightly coupled multiple threads. Each task requires massive computation, and their communication can be categorized as asynchronous distributed small data and large streaming data transfers. In this paper, we propose a high performance programmable video platform that consists of four processing element (PE) clusters. Each PE cluster runs a task in the video application with RISC cores, a hardware operating system kernel (HOSK), and task-specific accelerators. PE clusters are connected with two separate point-to-point networks: one for asynchronous distributed controls and the other for heavy streaming data transfers among the tasks. Furthermore, we developed an application mapping framework, with which parallel executable codes can be obtained from a manually developed SystemC model of the target application without knowing the detailed architecture of the video platform. To show the effectivity of the platform and its mapping framework, we also present mapping results for an H.264/AVC 720p decoder/encoder and a VC-1 720p decoder with 30 fps, assuming that the platform operates at 200 MHz.