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The management of archaeological human remains poses numerous ethical and practical challenges for archaeologists and museum personnel throughout the world. While several countries have developed extensive legislation and guidelines to ensure best practice, Turkey has no specific laws concerning the management of archaeological human remains. The current heritage legislation defines all archaeological materials, including human remains, as state property, a position which makes engagement with stakeholders seeking shared ownership or repatriation of these remains problematic. In the absence of adequate legislation and professional guidelines, a wide range of ad hoc practices have developed among professionals whose dominance in decision-making processes leaves little room for inclusive museum management practices, such as stakeholder consultation, co-curation, the insurance of equal access to museums, and the promotion of human rights. Through a series of interviews with archaeologists and museum professionals, an online visitor survey with 780 participants, and on-site observations in four museums in Turkey, this article examines the existing management practices concerning archaeological human remains and sheds light on various professional biases that have discouraged effective community engagement with this issue in Turkey. This article is intended as a catalyst for further discussion about a topic which has been largely ignored in Turkey by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism (TMoCT), museum personnel, and archaeologists., This paper forms part of a wider PhD research funded by the Cambridge Trust andthe Smuts Memorial Fund. The fieldwork undertaken in the museums was fundedby Koç University.

The clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated Cas system, derived from the defence mechanism components of prokaryotes, is frequently used as a target specific gene editing tool in in vitro and in vivo studies. Uses of the CRISPR-Cas system include gene deletion, gene insertion, base editing, gene expression editing, genomic locus imaging, epigenetic editing, and diagnostic analysis. Due to the strengths of the system such as flexibility, versatility and easy application, its usage areas have gradually increased. In recent years, CRISPR-Cas9 based functional genetic screen studies have been carried out to understand the roles of genes in the biological processes and cellular functions. CRISPR screens are used to identify genetic factors responsible for disease development and determine their functions, which are necessary for the survival of cells due to disease, especially cancer. CRISPR-Cas9 screens consisting of desing and amplification of the selected gRNA library, cloning in the relevant plasmid, packaging into lentiviruses and lentiviral transduction into cells, phenotypic selection, next generation DNA sequence analysis and bioinformatics analysis, has allowed functional genetic studies that can be performed with high-throughput and high-efficiency. Screening studies can be carried out for different purposes such as investigating pathogen-host interactions, revealing the molecular mechanisms of diseases, identifying novel therapeutic targets and revealing factors that play a key role in treatment resistance. In this review, after a short summary of different CRISPR-Cas systems the basic principles of genetic screening studies, their application and areas of usage will be discussed with selected examples from the current literature. © 2022 by Türkiye Klinikleri., Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TÜBİTAK: 119Z280/1001, Finansal Kaynak Bu çalışma, TÜBİTAK Kurulu tarafından onaylanmış (Proje no: 119Z280/1001) ve TÜBİTAK araştırma fonunca desteklenmiştir.

Intelligent transport systems need accurate short-term traffic flow forecasts. However, developing a robust short-term traffic flow forecasting approach is a challenge due to the stochastic character of traffic flow. This study proposes a novel approach for short-term traffic flow prediction task namely Robust Long Short Term Memory (R-LSTM) based on Robust Empirical Mode Decomposing (REDM) algorithm and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM). Short-term traffic flow data provided from the Caltrans Performance Measurement System (PeMS) database were used in the training and testing of the model. The dataset was composed of traffic data collected by 25 traffic detectors on different freeways’ main lanes. The time resolution of the dataset was set to 15 minutes, and the Hampel preprocessing algorithm was applied for outlier elimination. The R-LSTM predictions were compared with the state-of-art models, utilizing RMSE, MSE, and MAPE as performance criteria. Performance analyzes for various periods show that R-LSTM is remarkably successful in all time periods. Moreover, developed model performance is significantly higher, especially during mid-day periods when traffic flow fluctuations are high. These results show that R-LSTM is a strong candidate for short-term traffic flow prediction, and can easily adapt to fluctuations in traffic flow. In addition, robust models for short-term predictions can be developed by applying the signal separation method to traffic flow data.

Background/aim Headaches are one of the most common neurological symptoms. They adversely affect daily life, reduces the workforce, and have high health costs. Managing this symptom in primary care will free up secondary and tertiary health services to better treat patients who need follow-up by specialists. In the present study, we aim to show the rate at which this problem can be solved in primary care for patients who applied tertiary care services with a headache for the first time. Materials and methods Our research is a cross-sectional study of 207 patients who applied to the neurology clinics for the first time with headache. Two questionnaires were prepared by the researchers. IBM SPSS v: 21.0 was used for statistical analysis, and the level of significance was p < 0.05. Results The opinions of the patients on the evaluability of headache in primary care were compared. Family physicians and neurologists gave similar responses about the disease management, at a rate of 96.6%, this was found to be statistically significant and shows strong agreement. Both groups of physicians thought that 70% of patients, on average, who applied to the neurology clinics with headache for the first time could be managed in primary care. However, only 9.2% of the patients share this opinion with physicians. Primary headache cases constitute most of the cases that are thought to be solved in primary care. It was revealed that the number of patients seeking primary care with this complaint was lower than expected. Conclusion Patients with headache applied tertiary care instead of primary care for different reasons. Both neurologists and family physicians stated that most patients evaluated in tertiary care could be managed in primary care.

Ülkemizde madencilik son 15 yıldır yükselen bir ivme ile ülke ekonomisine katkısını artırmaktadır. Bu durum, çok derin maden sahalarından üretim gerektiren yüksek üretim hedeflerine olan talebi artırmaktadır. Artan üretim hedefleri, aynı anda birden fazla üretim yerinde çalışmayı gerektirirken, madencilik için derin olarak sınıflandırılan bölgelerde çalışmak, hidrostatik ortam koşullarında doğayla mücadele etmeyi mecbur kılmaktadır. Madencilikte yaralanmalı ve ölümlü kazaların yarısı, taş düşmesi, kaya patlaması ve göçük olaylarından kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu olayların en önemli sebebiyse uygun olmayan ve/veya zamanında yerleştirilmeyen tahkimat uygulamalarıdır. Arazi kontrolü, yeraltı açıklıklarında uygulanacak tahkimat sistemlerinin tasarımlandırılmasıyla başlayıp, uygulama sırasında ve sonrasında tahkimat sisteminin yeterliliğinin araştırılmasıyla devam eder. Tahkimat sistemlerinin saha performanslarının yetersizliğinin tespit edilmesi durumunda, jeoteknik veri, tasarım çalışmaları ve saha uygulamalarında revizyonlar yapılması ile sorunların önüne geçilmeye çalışılır. Açıklıklarda meydana gelebilecek olası sorunların önüne geçilmesinde, deformasyon ölçümü, mikro-sismik olayların tespiti gibi bir dizi arazi çalışmasına ve bunların arazi kontrolü kapsamında değerlendirilmesine ihtiyaç vardır. Bu çalışmada, Esan’a ait Balya yeraltı kurşun-çinko madeni işletmesinde yeraltı açıklıklarının tahkimatı ve arazi kontrolü kapsamında yapılan çalışmalar sunulmuştur. Yapılan çalışmalar, maden işletmelerinde tesis edilecek kaya mekaniği birimi çatısı altında arazi kontrolü işlerinin yerine getirilmesinin önemini göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın önemli çıktılarından biri de kaya mekaniği biriminin çalışma prensiplerinin standartlaştırılması için ilk adımların atılmasıdır.

Forecasting short-term traffic flow using historical data is a difficult goal to achieve due to the randomness of the event. Due to the lack of a solid approach to short-term traffic prediction, the researchers are still working on novel approaches. This study aims to develop an algorithm that dynamically updates the training set of models in order to make more accurate predictions. For this purpose, an algorithm called Periodic Clustering and Prediction (PCP) has been developed for use in short-term traffic forecasting. In this study, PCP was used to improve Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) predictive performance by improving the training set of ANN to predict short-term traffic flow using selected clusters. A large amount of traffic data collected from the US and UK motorways was used to determine the PCP ability to increase the ANN performance. The robustness of the proposed approach was determined by the performance measures used in the literature and the mean prediction errors of PCP were significantly below other approaches. In addition, the studies showed that the percentage errors of PCP predictions decreased in response to increasing traffic flow values. Considering the obtained positive results, this method can be used in real-time traffic control systems and in different areas needed. © 2020, Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering. All rights reserved.