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Objectives: Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a rare congenital heart disease that occurs in 3 in 10,000 newborns and is rapidly fatal (90%) within one year if left untreated. The prognosis of this pathology changed after introducing an early arterial switch operation (ASO), while the left ventricle could still adapt to systemic high-pressure conditions. Appropriate regulation of thyroid hormones positively impacts metabolism, cardiac function, and postoperative recovery. Therefore, regular thyroid hormone monitoring and thyroid function monitoring of TGA patients may help to improve the health status and prognosis of this group of postoperative patients. Methods: In our study, 127 patients who underwent ASO at our pediatric cardiac surgery clinic between 01.01.2014 and 18.09.2021 were retrospectively analyzed and included. Among the patients, 43% (n=54) were females, and 57% (n=73) were males. Results: The coronary arteries were normal in 89.7% (n=114) and abnormal in 10.3% (n=13) of the patients. Twenty-one of the patients exited, and mortality was calculated to be 16.5%. There were no significant differences in mortality or thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (T4), or free triiodothyronine (T3) values (P=0.674, P=0.345, P=0.478). In our study, in which we investigated the effect of thyroid hormone levels on prognosis in neonatal patients with TGA with normal free T3, T4, and TSH values, we found that TSH levels were greater in the group with advanced aortic regurgitation and exitus, although the effect of thyroid hormones on postoperative results was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Congenital hypothyroidism is a common disease with cardiac effects. During the neonatal period, this disease may conceal itself. Careful, expert clinical follow-up and clinical trials are crucial to improve outcomes in the surgical treatment of transposition of the great arteries, a complex congenital heart disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most prevalent sexual dysfunction in men, and like many diseases and conditions, patients use Internet sources like ChatGPT, which is a popular artificial intelligence–based language model, for queries about this andrological disorder. Aim The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality, readability, and understanding of texts produced by ChatGPT in response to frequently requested inquiries on PE. Methods In this study we used Google Trends to identify the most frequently searched phrases related to PE. Subsequently, the discovered keywords were methodically entered into ChatGPT, and the resulting replies were assessed for quality using the Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP) program. The produced texts were assessed for readability using the Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), and DISCERN metrics. Outcomes This investigation has identified substantial concerns about the quality of texts produced by ChatGPT, highlighting severe problems with reading and understanding. Results The mean EQIP score for the texts was determined to be 45.93 ± 4.34, while the FRES was 15.8 ± 8.73. Additionally, the FKGL score was computed to be 15.68 ± 1.67 and the DISCERN score was 38.1 ± 3.78. The comparatively low average EQIP and DISCERN scores suggest that improvements are required to increase the quality and dependability of the presented information. In addition, the FKGL scores indicate a significant degree of linguistic intricacy, requiring a level of knowledge comparable to about 14 to 15 years of formal schooling in order to understand. The texts about treatment, which are the most frequently searched items, are more difficult to understand compared to other texts about other categories. Clinical Implications The results of this research suggest that compared to texts on other topics the PE texts produced by ChatGPT exhibit a higher degree of complexity, which exceeds the recommended reading threshold for effective health communication. Currently, ChatGPT is cannot be considered a substitute for comprehensive medical consultations. Strengths and Limitations This study is to our knowledge the first reported research investigating the quality and comprehensibility of information generated by ChatGPT in relation to frequently requested queries about PE. The main limitation is that the investigation included only the first 25 popular keywords in English. Conclusion ChatGPT is incapable of replacing the need for thorough medical consultations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ege University Nursing Faculty (JEUNF) is the property of Journal of Ege University Nursing Faculty (JEUNF) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: We reported the results of retrograde intrarenal surgeries (RIRS) according to multi-center experience and to assess the efficacy and safety of this procedure. Materials and Methods: A total of 1067 patients to whom RIRS operations were performed between 2016 and 2021 were included in the study. The demographic and clinical features of patients, stone properties, per-operative, and post-operative results were analyzed retrospectively. Additionally, the success and complication rates of RIRS according to the clinical and demographic properties of the patients were analyzed. Results: The mean age, stone volume, operation time, and hospitalization time were 46.8±15.4, 1011 mm3 (min 19 mm3-max 12.483 mm3), 67.4±30.8 min, and 1.83±2.3 days, respectively. The stone-free (success) rate after RIRS was 74.5%. In multivariate analysis, pre-op pyuria, number of stones, and stone volume had a significant effect on success. There were 251 (23.5%) patients with post-operative complications. The most common complications were hematuria, fever, and urinary tract infections; they comprised 86.8% of all complications. The number of stones, pre-op ESL, and absence of pre-operative DJ stent had a significant effect on complications in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Retrograde intrarenal surgery is an efficient minimal invasive procedure for treating urinary system stone disease with low morbidity and high success rates. Although the complication rates are mostly insignificant, there may also be severe vital complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Primary bladder pain syndrome (PBPS) is characterized with suprapubic pain accompanied by at least one lower urinary tract symptoms including frequent urination, urinary urgency and nocturia for more than 6 weeks. While there are many alternative therapies for the treatment of PBPS, the only approved oral medication is PPS (pentosan polysulfate sodium). As it has been associated with retinal toxicity after its widespread use, this study aims to evaluate the relationship between PPS use and maculopathy. Material and Methods The patients diagnosed with PBPS between 2010 and 2020 who may only benefit from PPS use were included into the study after subgroup and phenotype assessment (urinary and non-ulcerative organspecific subgroups). In our study, patients who had history of degenerative maculopathy or diseases predisposing to maculopathy (age-related macular degeneration, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic vascular disorders, central serous chorioretinopathy, retinal dystrophy, epiretinal membrane, and chronic exposure to hydroxychloroquine) were excluded to prevent possible misdirection. Patients underwent best-corrected visual acuity assessment using Snellen chart, anterior segment and fundus examination using slit lamp biomicroscopy, and intraocular pressure measurement. Color vision test (Ishihara test), posterior segment optical coherence examination and 10-2 visual field test were performed, and color images of the fundus and autofluorescence imaging were obtained. Best-corrected visual acuity, color vision results, macular, choroidal and mean retinal nerve fiber thicknesses, mean deviation of the visual field and fundus findings were recorded. Results Out of 15 patients included into the study, 4 (37.5%) were male and 11 (73.3%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 53.3±11.2 years. During the follow-up, the duration of oral PPS use was found to be 33.01±10.59 months, cumulative oral PPS dose to be 216.02±97.63 g and duration of diagnosis to be 66.64±39.37 months. The mean central macular thickness of the patients was measured to be 254.55±33.11 μm, and the mean choroidal thickness to be 261.82±34.22 μm. Mean deviation of the visual field of the patients was found to be -1.89 ±-1.25 dB. The mean retinal nerve fiber thickness was measured to be 98.1±17.62 μm from the fundus autofluorescence images of the patients. Furthermore, in the present study, the ocular findings of the patients who are at below and above the mean cumulative dose and exposure period were compared. Conclusion This study detected no correlation between longterm PPS use and maculopathy. When forming the patient group; it is crucial to exclude patients with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and to form a homogeneous group by phenotype and subgroup assessment. Randomized, prospective, multi-center studies are needed to better assess this correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kanser tedavisinde hedefe yönelik ilaçların kullanımı hızla yaygınlaşmaktadır.Bu nedenle kanser hastalarının genetik profilinin çıkarılması oldukça önemlidir.Doku biyopsisi kanser tanı ve tedavisinde kullanılmakla birlikte doku yetersizliği, tekrarlı biyopsinin zorluğu gibi kısıtlılıklar likit biyopsinin(LB) yaygın kullanımına yol açmıştır.Biz burada LB yöntemiyle hedefe yönelik ilaç kullanımı imkanı sunulan iki vaka sunmaktayız. Vaka 1:65 yaşında erkek hasta 1 yıl önce akciğer adenokanseri tanısı almış. Tanı anında yapılan pozitron emisyon tomografisi(PET) sonucu sağ akciğer kitle saptanmış, doku biyopsisinde EGFR geninde "c.2573T>G; p.L858R" mutasyonu saptanmış.11 ay erlotinib kullanmış kontrol PET raporunda akciğerdeki kitlede progresyon, kemik metastazları saptanmış.Likit biyopsi yapılan hastada EGFR geninde "2573T>G;p.L858R" mutasyonuna ek olarak "c.2369C>T; p.T790M direnç mutasyonu saptandı. Osimertinib tedavisi başlanan hastanın kontrol PET sonucunda akciğerdeki kitlenin stabilleştiği ve metastaz odakların kaybolduğu gözlendi. Vaka 2: Akciğer kanseri ön tanısı ile doku biyopsi yapılan 70 yaşında kadın hastaya akciğer adenokanseri tanısı konulmuş, materyal yetersizliği nedeniyle genetik testler yapılamamıştır. Hastaya birimimizde likit biyopsi yapıldı ve EGFR geni ekzon 19 da "c.2235_2249delGGAATTAAGAGAAGC;p.E746_A750del" mutasyonu saptandı. Hastaya hedefe yönelik ilaç olarak erlotinib başlandı. 2 aydır tedavi alan hastanın mevcut şikayetleri hızla azaldı. NSCLC hastalarının %10-40 ında EGFR geninde mutasyon gözlenmektedir(1). Erlotinib gibi birinci nesil tirozin kinaz inhibitörleri (TKİ) NSCLC hastalarında hastalığın semptomlarını azaltmakta ve yaşam süresini uzatmaktadır(2).1.nesil TKİ ilaçların NSCLC hastaları üstündeki olumlu etkilerine rağmen tedaviye başlangıcından 6-12 ay sonra ilaca direnç gelişebilmektedir(1).Relaps gelişen hastaların %50 sinde EGFR geninde ikinci bir mutasyon olarak ekzon 20'de T790M mutasyonu gösterilmektedir(1).Her iki hastamızda da EGFR geninde mutasyon saptanmış olup 1.nesil TKİ kullanılmıştır.Literatürle uyumlu olarak vaka 2 de T790M mutasyonu nedeniyle TKİ'ye direnç gelişmiş ve hastalıkta progresyon gözlenmiştir.Bu nedenle hastaya 3.nesik TKİ başlanmış ve 3 ay sonra hastalık stabil duruma gelmiştir.Bu veriler ile likit biyopsi yöntemi özellikle NSCLC hastalarında tanı anında ve relaps durumlarda mutasyon tespitini oldukça kolaylaştırmakta ve hastaların geleneksel kemoterapinin yan etkilerine maruz kalmadan daha konforlu tedavi almalarını sağlamaktadır. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate and compare the quality and comprehensibility of answers produced by five distinct artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots-GPT-4, Claude, Mistral, Google PaLM, and Grok-in response to the most frequently searched questions about kidney stones (KS). Materials and Methods: Google Trends facilitated the identification of pertinent terms related to KS. Each AI chatbot was provided with a unique sequence of 25 commonly searched phrases as input. The responses were assessed using DISCERN, the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Printable Materials (PEMAT-P), the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), and the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease (FKRE) criteria. Results: The three most frequently searched terms were "stone in kidney," "kidney stone pain," and "kidney pain." Nepal, India, and Trinidad and Tobago were the countries that performed the most searches in KS. None of the AI chatbots attained the requisite level of comprehensibility. Grok demonstrated the highest FKRE (55.6 ± 7.1) and lowest FKGL (10.0 ± 1.1) ratings ( p = 0.001), whereas Claude outperformed the other chatbots in its DISCERN scores (47.6 ± 1.2) ( p = 0.001). PEMAT-P understandability was the lowest in GPT-4 (53.2 ± 2.0), and actionability was the highest in Claude (61.8 ± 3.5) ( p = 0.001). Conclusion: GPT-4 had the most complex language structure of the five chatbots, making it the most difficult to read and comprehend, whereas Grok was the simplest. Claude had the best KS text quality. Chatbot technology can improve healthcare material and make it easier to grasp.