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Introduction: Flexible flatfoot (FFF) is one of the most common skeletal disorders in children. In symptomatic patients who do not respond to conservative measures, surgery may be an option. Subtalar arthroereisis consists of limiting excessive eversion of the subtalar joint through different types of implants., Materials and Methods: We carried out a retrospective study of 16 patients (32 feet) intervened for FFF with a subtalar device (arthroereisis), across the period of 2008-2015 with a minimum follow-up period of one year. Pre- and postoperative measures of the Moreau-Costa-Bartani angle, dorsoplantar (DP) and lateral (L) talocalcaneal angle, talonavicular coverage angle, and naviculocuboid overlap were used to evaluate correction of the deformity. Two expert surgeons from the Pediatric Orthopedics Unit took separate measurements of these angles for subsequent analysis purposes and to obtain the interobserver correlation coefficient for quantitative variables. Pre- and postoperative differences in the measurement of angles were ascertained using Student's t -test for paired samples; and a functional evaluation of the patients intervened was carried out pre- and postoperatively by administering the parent version of the Oxford Ankle Foot Questionnaire for Children (OxAFQ-C) during a clinical interview. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS v. 19.0 program (SPSS, Chicago, IL), with values being deemed statistically significant at p <0.05., Results: A breakdown of the study population showed 81.25% (13 patients) males and 18.75% (3 patients) females, with mean age of 9 years (7-11). The interobserver coefficient for quantitative variables displayed a very high degree of concordance (0.7-0.9), indicating that the validity of the measures was adequate. Pre- and postoperative analysis of differences in the measurement of angles was statistically significant (p<0.005). In terms of functional evaluation, the postoperative results were positive, with statistical significance for the "school and play", "emotional", and "footwear" domains of the OxAFQ-C scale and no differences in the "physical" domain., Conclusion: Subtalar arthroereisis is a valid option for the treatment of symptomatic pediatric flatfoot, with good postoperative functional and radiographic results., Competing Interests: All the authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Unlabelled: Idiopathic chondrolysis of the hip (ICH) is a rare condition of unknown etiology, and is characterized by rapid, progressive destruction of the articular cartilage in the coxofemoral joint. This condition has an insidious onset, and is observed more commonly in female preadolescents. Patients report intense pain, motion restriction, and often present with an antalgic gait. Medical imaging techniques are required to make a differential diagnosis and biological markers for inflammation and infection should be evaluated. Avascular necrosis, septic arthritis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis are the primary alternatives that should be precluded before making a diagnosis. Conservative treatment focuses on pain control and preservation of joint mobility. However, surgical treatment may be an option for these patients. We present a rare case of a 10-year-old boy where imaging tests and physical examination were consistent with conventional idiopathic hip chondrolysis. Following hip joint biopsy and culture, we observed the presence of bacteria originating from the mouth, which could have been responsible for the pathogenesis of ICH. This is the first report of ICH in which common bacteria of the mouth were found upon joint biopsy. In addition, with respect to the pathogenesis of hip chondrolysis, this case emphasizes that numerous factors are involved, many of which remain unknown., Level of Evidence: V.

Chickenpox is an infectious disease common in children, which in most cases is benign toward the self-limited resolution. There are, however, serious systemic and musculoskeletal complications, especially in patients with immunosuppression. We report a case of multifocal skeletal muscle involvement, as a complication of chickenpox by Streptococcus pyogenes.

A case of pseudoaneurysm of the superficial femoral artery is reported. No relation with traumatisms, septic, agents or others could be proved. Literature was reviewed, looking for the different etiologies of pseudoaneurysms. The extremely rare incidence of the case reported is noted.