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1. Reference-Based Post-OCR Processing with LLM for Diacritic Languages

Author

Do, Thao

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Extracting fine-grained OCR text from aged documents in diacritic languages remains challenging due to unexpected artifacts, time-induced degradation, and lack of datasets. While standalone spell correction approaches have been proposed, they show limited performance for historical documents due to numerous possible OCR error combinations and differences between modern and classical corpus distributions. We propose a method utilizing available content-focused ebooks as a reference base to correct imperfect OCR-generated text, supported by large language models. This technique generates high-precision pseudo-page-to-page labels for diacritic languages, where small strokes pose significant challenges in historical conditions. The pipeline eliminates various types of noise from aged documents and addresses issues such as missing characters, words, and disordered sequences. Our post-processing method, which generated a large OCR dataset of classical Vietnamese books, achieved a mean grading score of 8.72 on a 10-point scale. This outperformed the state-of-the-art transformer-based Vietnamese spell correction model, which scored 7.03 when evaluated on a sampled subset of the dataset. We also trained a baseline OCR model to assess and compare it with well-known engines. Experimental results demonstrate the strength of our baseline model compared to widely used open-source solutions. The resulting dataset will be released publicly to support future studies.

Published
2024

2. Automated human induced pluripotent stem cell culture and sample preparation for 3D live-cell microscopy

Author

Gregor, Benjamin W., Coston, Mackenzie E., Adams, Ellen M., Arakaki, Joy, Borensztejn, Antoine, Do, Thao P., Fuqua, Margaret A., Haupt, Amanda, Hendershott, Melissa C., Leung, Winnie, Mueller, Irina A., Nath, Aditya, Nelson, Angelique M., Rafelski, Susanne M., Sanchez, Emmanuel E., Swain-Bowden, Madison J., Tang, W. Joyce, Thirstrup, Derek J., Wiegraebe, Winfried, Whitney, Brian P., Yan, Calysta, Gunawardane, Ruwanthi N., and Gaudreault, Nathalie

Published
2024
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3. Residual, sequential extraction, and ecological risk assessment of some metals in ash from municipal solid waste incineration, Vietnam

Author

Mai Ngo Tra, Thi Tham Trinh, Thuy Hang Nguyen Thi, Thi Hong Khuat, Lien Nghiem Thi Ha, Nghia Nguyen Trong, Hang Phan Thi Thanh, Toan Vu Duc, Tap Van Huu, Van Thang Duong, and Ly Do Thao

Subjects
incineration plant, fly ash, bottom ash, metals, ecological risk assessment, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Incineration plants for electricity generation have offered a solution to the challenges of domestic solid waste treatment in many countries. However, their emissions, fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA), have had a detrimental impact on environmental quality. This study investigated the morphology, element composition, and concentration of metals in FA and BA from municipal solid waste incineration plants using scanning electronic microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques. It also evaluated the distribution ratios of metal species across five fractions: exchangeable, carbonate-bound, oxide-bound, organic-bound, and sulfide-bound, and residual. The total metal content in both FA and BA was comparable, with calcium having the highest concentration (28,170–135,130 mg·kg−1 dry weight) and silver having the lowest (5.26–19.3 mg·kg−1 dry weight). However, the percentage proportion of metals differed between the extracted fractions. Except for cadmium in FA, ecological risk assessment indicated low direct bioavailability and potential risk of metals in both FA and BA. These findings contribute to the hazard assessment of FA and BA generated from waste incinerators and provide a scientific basis for developing treatment techniques for this type of waste.

Published
2024
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4. Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Interpersonal Problem-Solving Inventory for Vietnamese Elementary School Students

Author

Nguyen, Cong Khanh, Do, Thao Thi, Nguyen, My Linh Thi, Tran, Ha Thi, and Nguyen, Quang Vinh

Abstract

This paper presents the development and psychometric properties of an interpersonal problem-solving inventory for Vietnamese elementary school students (IPSI). The IPSI consists of five subscales: Positive problem-solving behavior; Negative problem-solving behavior; Rational problem-solving behavior; Impulsive behavior; and Avoidance behavior. The scale was administered to a total sample that consists of 730 Vietnamese fifth grade students (age 10-14, M = 10.70, SD = 0.56). Multiple psychometric analyses were utilized including classical test theory (CTT), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability of IPSI was reported by calculating internal consistency. Findings showed that the IPSI has adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's [alpha] = 0.90; McDonald's [omega] = 0.82). The EFA findings suggested that the IPSI has two-factor structure. The CFA findings indicated that the IPSI has the theory-driven five-factor structure that has the adequate fitness indices (X[superscript 2]/df = 1.369, p < 0.001; GFI: 0.930; TLI: 0.926; CFI: 0.871; RMSEA: 0.032; SRMR: 0.046). These findings suggest that the IPSI is a well-functioning scale with good psychometric properties. Recommendations and weak points of the scale are discussed. Future research and possible improvements are proposed.

Published
2023
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7. QuickBrowser: A Unified Model to Detect and Read Simple Object in Real-time

Author

Do, Thao and Kim, Daeyoung

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract

There are many real-life use cases such as barcode scanning or billboard reading where people need to detect objects and read the object contents. Commonly existing methods are first trying to localize object regions, then determine layout and lastly classify content units. However, for simple fixed structured objects like license plates, this approach becomes overkill and lengthy to run. This work aims to solve this detect-and-read problem in a lightweight way by integrating multi-digit recognition into a one-stage object detection model. Our unified method not only eliminates the duplication in feature extraction (one for localizing, one again for classifying) but also provides useful contextual information around object regions for classification. Additionally, our choice of backbones and modifications in architecture, loss function, data augmentation and training make the method robust, efficient and speedy. Secondly, we made a public benchmark dataset of diverse real-life 1D barcodes for a reliable evaluation, which we collected, annotated and checked carefully. Eventually, experimental results prove the method's efficiency on the barcode problem by outperforming industrial tools in both detecting and decoding rates with a real-time fps at a VGA-similar resolution. It also did a great job expectedly on the license-plate recognition task (on the AOLP dataset) by outperforming the current state-of-the-art method significantly in terms of recognition rate and inference time., Comment: Accepted at 2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

Published
2021

8. Smart Inference for Multidigit Convolutional Neural Network based Barcode Decoding

Author

Do, Thao, Tolcha, Yalew, Jun, Tae Joon, and Kim, Daeyoung

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Barcodes are ubiquitous and have been used in most of critical daily activities for decades. However, most of traditional decoders require well-founded barcode under a relatively standard condition. While wilder conditioned barcodes such as underexposed, occluded, blurry, wrinkled and rotated are commonly captured in reality, those traditional decoders show weakness of recognizing. Several works attempted to solve those challenging barcodes, but many limitations still exist. This work aims to solve the decoding problem using deep convolutional neural network with the possibility of running on portable devices. Firstly, we proposed a special modification of inference based on the feature of having checksum and test-time augmentation, named as Smart Inference (SI) in prediction phase of a trained model. SI considerably boosts accuracy and reduces the false prediction for trained models. Secondly, we have created a large practical evaluation dataset of real captured 1D barcode under various challenging conditions to test our methods vigorously, which is publicly available for other researchers. The experiments' results demonstrated the SI effectiveness with the highest accuracy of 95.85% which outperformed many existing decoders on the evaluation set. Finally, we successfully minimized the best model by knowledge distillation to a shallow model which is shown to have high accuracy (90.85%) with good inference speed of 34.2 ms per image on a real edge device., Comment: Published on 2020 (25th) International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)

Published
2020
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9. Dissecting Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Learning by Deep Visualization

Author

Nguyen, Giang, Chen, Shuan, Do, Thao, Jun, Tae Joon, Choi, Ho-Jin, and Kim, Daeyoung

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

Interpreting the behaviors of Deep Neural Networks (usually considered as a black box) is critical especially when they are now being widely adopted over diverse aspects of human life. Taking the advancements from Explainable Artificial Intelligent, this paper proposes a novel technique called Auto DeepVis to dissect catastrophic forgetting in continual learning. A new method to deal with catastrophic forgetting named critical freezing is also introduced upon investigating the dilemma by Auto DeepVis. Experiments on a captioning model meticulously present how catastrophic forgetting happens, particularly showing which components are forgetting or changing. The effectiveness of our technique is then assessed; and more precisely, critical freezing claims the best performance on both previous and coming tasks over baselines, proving the capability of the investigation. Our techniques could not only be supplementary to existing solutions for completely eradicating catastrophic forgetting for life-long learning but also explainable., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables

Published
2020

10. Integrated intracellular organization and its variations in human iPS cells

Author

Viana, Matheus P., Chen, Jianxu, Knijnenburg, Theo A., Vasan, Ritvik, Yan, Calysta, Arakaki, Joy E., Bailey, Matte, Berry, Ben, Borensztejn, Antoine, Brown, Eva M., Carlson, Sara, Cass, Julie A., Chaudhuri, Basudev, Cordes Metzler, Kimberly R., Coston, Mackenzie E., Crabtree, Zach J., Davidson, Steve, DeLizo, Colette M., Dhaka, Shailja, Dinh, Stephanie Q., Do, Thao P., Domingus, Justin, Donovan-Maiye, Rory M., Ferrante, Alexandra J., Foster, Tyler J., Frick, Christopher L., Fujioka, Griffin, Fuqua, Margaret A., Gehring, Jamie L., Gerbin, Kaytlyn A., Grancharova, Tanya, Gregor, Benjamin W., Harrylock, Lisa J., Haupt, Amanda, Hendershott, Melissa C., Hookway, Caroline, Horwitz, Alan R., Hughes, H. Christopher, Isaac, Eric J., Johnson, Gregory R., Kim, Brian, Leonard, Andrew N., Leung, Winnie W., Lucas, Jordan J., Ludmann, Susan A., Lyons, Blair M., Malik, Haseeb, McGregor, Ryan, Medrash, Gabe E., Meharry, Sean L., Mitcham, Kevin, Mueller, Irina A., Murphy-Stevens, Timothy L., Nath, Aditya, Nelson, Angelique M., Oluoch, Sandra A., Paleologu, Luana, Popiel, T. Alexander, Riel-Mehan, Megan M., Roberts, Brock, Schaefbauer, Lisa M., Schwarzl, Magdalena, Sherman, Jamie, Slaton, Sylvain, Sluzewski, M. Filip, Smith, Jacqueline E., Sul, Youngmee, Swain-Bowden, Madison J., Tang, W. Joyce, Thirstrup, Derek J., Toloudis, Daniel M., Tucker, Andrew P., Valencia, Veronica, Wiegraebe, Winfried, Wijeratna, Thushara, Yang, Ruian, Zaunbrecher, Rebecca J., Labitigan, Ramon Lorenzo D., Sanborn, Adrian L., Johnson, Graham T., Gunawardane, Ruwanthi N., Gaudreault, Nathalie, Theriot, Julie A., and Rafelski, Susanne M.

Published
2023
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14. A note on the largest bipartite subgraph in point-hyperplane incidence graphs

Author

Do, Thao T.

Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics
Abstract

Given $m$ points and $n$ hyperplanes in $\mathbb{R}^d$, if there are many incidences, we expect to find a big cluster $K_{r,s}$ in their incidence graph. Apfelbaum and Sharir found lower and upper bounds for the largest size of $rs$, which only match in three dimensions. In this paper we close the gap in four and five dimensions, up to some logarithmic factors., Comment: 6 pages

Published
2018

15. Nondegenerate spheres in four dimensions

Author

Do, Thao T.

Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics
Abstract

Non-degeneracy was first defined for hyperplanes by Elekes-T\'oth, and later extended to spheres by Apfelbaum-Sharir: given a set $P$ of $m$ points in $\mathbb{R}^d$ and some $\beta\in(0,1)$, a $(d-1)$-dimensional sphere (or a $(d-1)$-sphere) $S$ in $\mathbb{R}^d$ is called $\beta$-nondegenerate with respect to $P$ if $S$ does not contain a proper subsphere $S'$ such that $|S'\cap P|\geq \beta|S\cap P|$. Apfelbaum-Sharir found an upper bound for the number of incidences between points and nondegenerate spheres in three dimensions, which was recently used by Zahl to obtain the best known bound for the unit distance problem in three dimensions. In this paper, we show that the number of incidences between $m$ points and $n$ $\beta$-nondegenerate 3-spheres in $\mathbb{R}^4$ is $O_{\beta,\varepsilon}\left(m^{\frac{15}{19}+\varepsilon} n^{\frac{16}{19}}+mn^{\frac{2}{3}}\right)$. As a consequence, we obtain a bound of $O_{\varepsilon}(n^{2+4/11+\varepsilon})$ on the number of similar triangles formed by $n$ points in $\mathbb{R}^4$, an improvement over the previously best known bound $O(n^{2+2/5})$. While proving this, we find it convenient to work with a more general definition of nondegeneracy: a bipartite graph $G=(P,Q)$ is called $\beta$-nondegenerate if $|N(q_1)\cap N(q_2)|<\beta |N(q_1)|$ for any two distinct vertices $q_1,q_2\in Q$; here $N(q)$ denotes the set of neighbors of $q$ and $\beta$ is some positive constant less than 1. A $\beta$-nondegenerate graph can have up to $\Theta(|P||Q|)$ edges without any restriction, but must have much fewer edges if the graph is semi-algebraic or has bounded VC-dimension. We show that previous results for planes and spheres in three dimensions still hold under this new definition, and so does our new bound for spheres in four dimensions.

Published
2018

16. A General Incidence Bound in ${\mathbb R}^d$ and Related Problems

Author

Do, Thao and Sheffer, Adam

Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics
Abstract

We derive a general upper bound for the number of incidences with $k$-dimensional varieties in ${\mathbb R}^d$. The leading term of this new bound generalizes previous bounds for the special cases of $k=1, k=d-1,$ and $k= d/2$, to every $1\le k

Published
2018

17. On the k-planar local crossing number

Author

Asplund, John, do, Thao, Hamm, Arran, and Jain, Vishesh

Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics
Abstract

Given a fixed positive integer $k$, the $k$-planar local crossing number of a graph $G$, denoted by $\text{LCR}_k(G)$, is the minimum positive integer $L$ such that $G$ can be decomposed into $k$ subgraphs, each of which can be drawn in a plane such that no edge is crossed more than $L$ times. In this note, we show that under certain natural restrictions, the ratio $\text{LCR}_k(G)/\text{LCR}_1(G)$ is of order $1/k^2$, which is analogous to a recent result of Pach et al. for the $k$-planar crossing number (defined as the minimum positive integer $C$ for which there is a $k$-planar drawing of $G$ with $C$ total edge crossings). As a corollary of our proof we show that, under similar restrictions, one may obtain a $k$-planar drawing of $G$ with \emph{both} the total number of edge crossings as well as the maximum number of times any edge is crossed essentially matching the best known bounds. Our proof relies on the crossing number inequality and several probabilistic tools such as concentration of measure and the Lov\'asz local lemma.

Published
2018

18. Representation Complexity of Semi-algebraic Graphs

Author

Do, Thao

Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics
Abstract

The representation complexity of a bipartite graph $G=(P,Q)$ is the minimum size $\sum_{i=1}^s (|A_i|+|B_i|)$ over all possible ways to write $G$ as a (not necessarily disjoint) union of complete bipartite subgraphs $G=\cup_{i=1}^s A_i\times B_i$ where $A_i\subset P, B_i\subset Q$ for $i=1,\dots, s$. In this paper we prove that if $G$ is \emph{semi-algebraic}, i.e. when $P$ is a set of $m$ points in $\mathbb{R}^{d_1}$, $Q$ is a set of $n$ points in $\mathbb{R}^{d_2}$ and the edges are defined by some semi-algebraic relations, the representation complexity of $G$ is $O( m^{\frac{d_1d_2-d_2}{d_1d_2-1}+\varepsilon} n^{\frac{d_1d_2-d_1}{d_1d_2-1}+\varepsilon}+m^{1+\varepsilon}+n^{1+\varepsilon})$ for arbitrarily small positive $\varepsilon$. This generalizes results by Apfelbaum-Sharir and Solomon-Sharir. As a consequence, when $G$ is $K_{u,u}$-free for some positive integer $u$, its number of edges is $O(u m^{\frac{d_1d_2-d_2}{d_1d_2-1}+\varepsilon} n^{\frac{d_1d_2-d_1}{d_1d_2-1}+\varepsilon}+ u m^{1+\varepsilon}+u n^{1+\varepsilon})$. This bound is stronger than that of Fox, Pach, Sheffer, Suk and Zahl when the first term dominates and $u$ grows with $m,n$. Another consequence is that we can find a large complete bipartite subgraph in a semi-algebraic graph when the number of edges is large. Similar results hold for semi-algebraic hypergraphs.

Published
2017

19. The k-planar crossing number of random graphs and random regular graphs

Author

Asplund, John, Do, Thao, Hamm, Arran, Szekely, Laszlo, Taylor, Libby, and Wang, Zhiyu

Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics
Abstract

We give an explicit extension of Spencer's result on the biplanar crossing number of the Erdos-Renyi random graph $G(n,p)$. In particular, we show that the k-planar crossing number of $G(n,p)$ is almost surely $\Omega((n^2p)^2)$. Along the same lines, we prove that for any fixed $k$, the $k$-planar crossing number of various models of random $d$-regular graphs is $\Omega ((dn)^2)$ for $d > c_0$ for some constant $c_0=c_0(k)$.

Published
2017

20. Zarankiewicz's problem for semi-algebraic hypergraphs

Author

Do, Thao

Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics
Abstract

Zarankiewicz's problem asks for the largest possible number of edges in a graph that does not contain a $K_{u,u}$ subgraph for a fixed positive integer $u$. Recently, Fox, Pach, Sheffer, Sulk and Zahl considered this problem for semi-algebraic graphs, where vertices are points in $\mathbb{R}^d$ and edges are defined by some semi-algebraic relations. In this paper, we extend this idea to semi-algebraic hypergraphs. For each $k\geq 2$, we find an upper bound on the number of hyperedges in a $k$-uniform $k$-partite semi-algebraic hypergraph without $K_{u_1,\dots,u_k}$ for fixed positive integers $u_1,\dots, u_k$. When $k=2$, this bound matches the one of Fox et.al. and when $k=3$, it is $$O\left((mnp)^{\frac{2d}{2d+1}+\varepsilon}+m(np)^{\frac{d}{d+1}+\varepsilon}+n(mp)^{\frac{d}{d+1}+\varepsilon}+p(mn)^{\frac{d}{d+1}+\varepsilon}+mn+np+pm\right),$$ where $m,n,p$ are the sizes of the parts of the tripartite hypergraph and $\varepsilon$ is an arbitrarily small positive constant. We then present applications of this result to a variant of the unit area problem, the unit minor problem and intersection hypergraphs.

Published
2017

22. Extending Erd\H{o}s- Beck's theorem to higher dimensions

Author

Do, Thao

Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics
Abstract

Erd\H{o}s-Beck theorem states that $n$ points in the plane with at most $n-x$ points collinear define at least $c xn$ lines for some positive constant $c$. In this paper, we will present two ways to extend this result to higher dimensions. Our result has application to point-hyperplane incidences and potential application to the point covering problem.

Published
2016

24. Sets Characterized by Missing Sums and Differences in Dilating Polytopes

Author

Do, Thao, Kulkarni, Archit, Miller, Steven J., Moon, David, Wellens, Jake, and Wilcox, James

Subjects
Mathematics - Number Theory, 11P99 (primary), 11K99 (secondary)
Abstract

A sum-dominant set is a finite set $A$ of integers such that $|A+A| > |A-A|$. As a typical pair of elements contributes one sum and two differences, we expect sum-dominant sets to be rare in some sense. In 2006, however, Martin and O'Bryant showed that the proportion of sum-dominant subsets of $\{0,\dots,n\}$ is bounded below by a positive constant as $n\to\infty$. Hegarty then extended their work and showed that for any prescribed $s,d\in\mathbb{N}_0$, the proportion $\rho^{s,d}_n$ of subsets of $\{0,\dots,n\}$ that are missing exactly $s$ sums in $\{0,\dots,2n\}$ and exactly $2d$ differences in $\{-n,\dots,n\}$ also remains positive in the limit. We consider the following question: are such sets, characterized by their sums and differences, similarly ubiquitous in higher dimensional spaces? We generalize the integers in a growing interval to the lattice points in a dilating polytope. Specifically, let $P$ be a polytope in $\mathbb{R}^D$ with vertices in $\mathbb{Z}^D$, and let $\rho_n^{s,d}$ now denote the proportion of subsets of $L(nP)$ that are missing exactly $s$ sums in $L(nP)+L(nP)$ and exactly $2d$ differences in $L(nP)-L(nP)$. As it turns out, the geometry of $P$ has a significant effect on the limiting behavior of $\rho_n^{s,d}$. We define a geometric characteristic of polytopes called local point symmetry, and show that $\rho_n^{s,d}$ is bounded below by a positive constant as $n\to\infty$ if and only if $P$ is locally point symmetric. We further show that the proportion of subsets in $L(nP)$ that are missing exactly $s$ sums and at least $2d$ differences remains positive in the limit, independent of the geometry of $P$. A direct corollary of these results is that if $P$ is additionally point symmetric, the proportion of sum-dominant subsets of $L(nP)$ also remains positive in the limit., Comment: Version 1.1, 23 pages, 7 pages, fixed some typos

Published
2014

25. Sums and differences of correlated random sets

Author

Do, Thao, Kulkarni, Archit, Miller, Steven J., Moon, David, and Wellens, Jake

Subjects
Mathematics - Number Theory, 11B13, 11P99 (primary), 05B10, 11K99, 82B26 (secondary)
Abstract

Many fundamental questions in additive number theory (such as Goldbach's conjecture, Fermat's last theorem, and the Twin Primes conjecture) can be expressed in the language of sum and difference sets. As a typical pair of elements contributes one sum and two differences, we expect that $|A-A| > |A+A|$ for a finite set $A$. However, in 2006 Martin and O'Bryant showed that a positive proportion of subsets of $\{0, \dots, n\}$ are sum-dominant, and Zhao later showed that this proportion converges to a positive limit as $n \to \infty$. Related problems, such as constructing explicit families of sum-dominant sets, computing the value of the limiting proportion, and investigating the behavior as the probability of including a given element in $A$ to go to zero, have been analyzed extensively. We consider many of these problems in a more general setting. Instead of just one set $A$, we study sums and differences of pairs of \emph{correlated} sets $(A,B)$. Specifically, we place each element $a \in \{0,\dots, n\}$ in $A$ with probability $p$, while $a$ goes in $B$ with probability $\rho_1$ if $a \in A$ and probability $\rho_2$ if $a \not \in A$. If $|A+B| > |(A-B) \cup (B-A)|$, we call the pair $(A,B)$ a \emph{sum-dominant $(p,\rho_1, \rho_2)$-pair}. We prove that for any fixed $\vec{\rho}=(p, \rho_1, \rho_2)$ in $(0,1)^3$, $(A,B)$ is a sum-dominant $(p,\rho_1, \rho_2)$-pair with positive probability, and show that this probability approaches a limit $P(\vec{\rho})$. Furthermore, we show that the limit function $P(\vec{\rho})$ is continuous. We also investigate what happens as $p$ decays with $n$, generalizing results of Hegarty-Miller on phase transitions. Finally, we find the smallest sizes of MSTD pairs., Comment: Version 1.0, 19 pages. Keywords: More Sum Than Difference sets, correlated random variables, phase transition

Published
2014

26. A Generalization of Fibonacci Far-Difference Representations and Gaussian Behavior

Author

Demontigny, Philippe, Do, Thao, Kulkarni, Archit, Miller, Steven J., and Varma, Umang

Subjects
Mathematics - Number Theory, 11B39, 11B05 (primary) 65Q30, 60B10 (secondary)
Abstract

A natural generalization of base B expansions is Zeckendorf's Theorem: every integer can be uniquely written as a sum of non-consecutive Fibonacci numbers $\{F_n\}$, with $F_{n+1} = F_n + F_{n-1}$ and $F_1=1, F_2=2$. If instead we allow the coefficients of the Fibonacci numbers in the decomposition to be zero or $\pm 1$, the resulting expression is known as the far-difference representation. Alpert proved that a far-difference representation exists and is unique under certain restraints that generalize non-consecutiveness, specifically that two adjacent summands of the same sign must be at least 4 indices apart and those of opposite signs must be at least 3 indices apart. We prove that a far-difference representation can be created using sets of Skipponacci numbers, which are generated by recurrence relations of the form $S^{(k)}_{n+1} = S^{(k)}_{n} + S^{(k)}_{n-k}$ for $k \ge 0$. Every integer can be written uniquely as a sum of the $\pm S^{(k)}_n $'s such that every two terms of the same sign differ in index by at least 2k+2, and every two terms of opposite signs differ in index by at least k+2. Additionally, we prove that the number of positive and negative terms in given Skipponacci decompositions converges to a Gaussian, with a computable correlation coefficient that is a rational function of the smallest root of the characteristic polynomial of the recurrence. The proof uses recursion to obtain the generating function for having a fixed number of summands, which we prove converges to the generating function of a Gaussian. We next explore the distribution of gaps between summands, and show that for any k the probability of finding a gap of length $j \ge 2k+2$ decays geometrically, with decay ratio equal to the largest root of the given k-Skipponacci recurrence. We conclude by finding sequences that have an (s,d) far-difference representation for any positive integers s,d., Comment: Version 1.0, 28 pages, keywords: Zeckendorf decompositions, far difference decompositions, gaps, Gaussian behavior

Published
2013

27. Generalizing Zeckendorf's Theorem to f-decompositions

Author

Demontigny, Philippe, Do, Thao, Kulkarni, Archit, Miller, Steven J., Moon, David, and Varma, Umang

Subjects
Mathematics - Number Theory, 11B39, 11B05 (primary) 65Q30, 60B10 (secondary)
Abstract

A beautiful theorem of Zeckendorf states that every positive integer can be uniquely decomposed as a sum of non-consecutive Fibonacci numbers $\{F_n\}$, where $F_1 = 1$, $F_2 = 2$ and $F_{n+1} = F_n + F_{n-1}$. For general recurrences $\{G_n\}$ with non-negative coefficients, there is a notion of a legal decomposition which again leads to a unique representation, and the number of summands in the representations of uniformly randomly chosen $m \in [G_n, G_{n+1})$ converges to a normal distribution as $n \to \infty$. We consider the converse question: given a notion of legal decomposition, is it possible to construct a sequence $\{a_n\}$ such that every positive integer can be decomposed as a sum of terms from the sequence? We encode a notion of legal decomposition as a function $f:\N_0\to\N_0$ and say that if $a_n$ is in an "$f$-decomposition", then the decomposition cannot contain the $f(n)$ terms immediately before $a_n$ in the sequence; special choices of $f$ yield many well known decompositions (including base-$b$, Zeckendorf and factorial). We prove that for any $f:\N_0\to\N_0$, there exists a sequence $\{a_n\}_{n=0}^\infty$ such that every positive integer has a unique $f$-decomposition using $\{a_n\}$. Further, if $f$ is periodic, then the unique increasing sequence $\{a_n\}$ that corresponds to $f$ satisfies a linear recurrence relation. Previous research only handled recurrence relations with no negative coefficients. We find a function $f$ that yields a sequence that cannot be described by such a recurrence relation. Finally, for a class of functions $f$, we prove that the number of summands in the $f$-decomposition of integers between two consecutive terms of the sequence converges to a normal distribution., Comment: Version 1.0, 18 pages, keywords: Zeckendorf decompositions, recurrence relations, Stirling numbers of the first kind, Gaussian behavior

Published
2013
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28. Sensors for Detection of the Synthetic Dye Rhodamine in Environmental Monitoring Based on SERS

Author

Nguyen Tran Truc Phuong, Thuy-An Nguyen, Vu Thi Huong, Le Hong Tho, Do Thao Anh, Hanh Kieu Thi Ta, Tran Huu Huy, Kieu The Loan Trinh, and Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Subjects
rhodamine, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), LSPR, sensor, Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570
Abstract

This article presents a review of many types of SERS sensors for food safety and environmental pollution monitoring based on detecting rhodamine. It introduces the basic concepts of substrates, enhancement factors, and mechanisms, devices’ sensors integrated with the microstructure. Here, we review the state-of-the-art research in the field of rhodamine monitoring and highlight the applications of SERS sensors. The trends in the development of substrates for different applications have been mentioned with the aim of providing an overview of the development of different SERS substrates. Thus, an efficient approach for rhodamine detection has a good perspective for application in environmental monitoring.

Published
2022
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29. Automated human induced pluripotent stem cell culture and sample preparation for 3D live-cell microscopy

Author

Gregor, Benjamin W., primary, Coston, Mackenzie E., additional, Adams, Ellen M., additional, Arakaki, Joy, additional, Borensztejn, Antoine, additional, Do, Thao P., additional, Fuqua, Margaret A., additional, Haupt, Amanda, additional, Hendershott, Melissa C., additional, Leung, Winnie, additional, Mueller, Irina A., additional, Nath, Aditya, additional, Nelson, Angelique M., additional, Rafelski, Susanne M., additional, Sanchez, Emmanuel E., additional, Swain-Bowden, Madison J., additional, Tang, W. Joyce, additional, Thirstrup, Derek J., additional, Wiegraebe, Winfried, additional, Whitney, Brian P., additional, Yan, Calysta, additional, Gunawardane, Ruwanthi N., additional, and Gaudreault, Nathalie, additional

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2023
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31. Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author

Brauer, Michael, Roth, Gregory A, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Zheng, Peng, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasgholizadeh, Rouzbeh, Abbasi, Madineh Akram, Abbasian, Mohammadreza, Abbasifard, Mitra, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abd ElHafeez, Samar, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdi, Parsa, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdoun, Meriem, Abdulah, Deldar Morad, Abdullahi, Auwal, Abebe, Mesfin, Abedi, Aidin, Abedi, Armita, Abegaz, Tadesse M, Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel, Abiodun, Olumide, Abiso, Temesgen Lera, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abouzid, Mohamed, Aboye, Girma Beressa, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abualruz, Hasan, Abubakar, Bilyaminu, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abukhadijah, Hana Jihad Jihad, Aburuz, Salahdein, Abu-Zaid, Ahmed, Adane, Mesafint Molla, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Addolorato, Giovanni, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Aden, Bashir, Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi, Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther, Adha, Rishan, Adibi, Amin, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Adzigbli, Leticia Akua, Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika, Afolabi, Rotimi Felix, Afshin, Ashkan, Afyouni, Shadi, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Afzal, Saira, Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika, Agbozo, Faith, Aghamiri, Shahin, Agodi, Antonella, Agrawal, Anurag, Agyemang-Duah, Williams, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Danish, Ahmad, Firdos, Ahmad, Noah, Ahmad, Shahzaib, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Anisuddin, Ahmed, Ayman, Ahmed, Luai A, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Safoora, Ahmed, Syed Anees, Ajami, Marjan, Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse, Akara, Essona Matatom, Akbarialiabad, Hossein, Akhlaghi, Shiva, Akinosoglou, Karolina, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed, Akkala, Sreelatha, Akombi-Inyang, Blessing, Al Awaidy, Salah, Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz, Alahdab, Fares, AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali, Alalalmeh, Samer O, Alalwan, Tariq A, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Nazmul, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M, Albakri, Almaza, AlBataineh, Mohammad T, Aldhaleei, Wafa A, Aldridge, Robert W, Alemayohu, Mulubirhan Assefa, Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta, Al-Fatly, Bassam, Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed, Al-Habbal, Khairat, Alhabib, Khalid F, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Abid, Ali, Amjad, Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir, Ali, Iman, Ali, Liaqat, Ali, Mohammed Usman, Ali, Rafat, Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait, Ali, Waad, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alif, Sheikh Mohammad, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alla, François, Al-Marwani, Sabah, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Almustanyir, Sami, Alomari, Mahmoud A, Alonso, Jordi, Alqahtani, Jaber S, Alqutaibi, Ahmed Yaseen, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alrawashdeh, Ahmad, Al-Rifai, Rami Hani, Alrousan, Sahel Majed, Al-Sabah, Salman Khalifah, Alshahrani, Najim Z, Altaany, Zaid, Altaf, Awais, Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Aluh, Deborah Oyine, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J, Alwafi, Hassan, Al-Wardat, Mohammad Sami, Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed, Aly, Hany, Aly, Safwat, Alzoubi, Karem H, Al-Zyoud, Walid, Amaechi, Uchenna Anderson, Aman Mohammadi, Masous, Amani, Reza, Amiri, Sohrab, Amirzade-Iranaq, Mohammad Hosein, Ammirati, Enrico, Amu, Hubert, Amugsi, Dickson A, Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderlini, Deanna, Anderson, Jason A, Andrade, Pedro Prata, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Anenberg, Susan C, Angappan, Dhanalakshmi, Angus, Colin, Anil, Abhishek, Anil, Sneha, Anjum, Afifa, Anoushiravani, Amir, Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo, Antony, Catherine M, Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Anuoluwa, Boluwatife Stephen, Anvari, Davood, Anvari, Saeid, Anwar, Saleha, Anwar, Sumadi Lukman, Anwer, Razique, Anyabolo, Ekenedilichukwu Emmanuel, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward, Apostol, Geminn Louis Carace, Arabloo, Jalal, Arabzadeh Bahri, Razman, Arafat, Mosab, Areda, Demelash, Aregawi, Brhane Berhe, Aremu, Abdulfatai, Armocida, Benedetta, Arndt, Michael Benjamin, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arooj, Mahwish, Artamonov, Anton A, Artanti, Kurnia Dwi, Aruleba, Idowu Thomas, Arumugam, Ashokan, Asbeutah, Akram M, Asgary, Saeed, Asgedom, Akeza Awealom, Ashbaugh, Charlie, Ashemo, Mubarek Yesse, Ashraf, Tahira, Askarinejad, Amir, Assmus, Michael, Astell-Burt, Thomas, Athar, Mohammad, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atorkey, Prince, Atreya, Alok, Aujayeb, Avinash, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Awoke, Andargie Abate, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayatollahi, Haleh, Ayestas Portugal, Carlos, Ayuso-Mateos, Jose L, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azevedo, Rui M S, Azhar, Gulrez Shah, Azizi, Hosein, Azzam, Ahmed Y, Backhaus, Insa Linnea, Badar, Muhammad, Badiye, Ashish D, Bagga, Arvind, Baghdadi, Soroush, Bagheri, Nasser, Bagherieh, Sara, Bahrami Taghanaki, Pegah, Bai, Ruhai, Baig, Atif Amin, Baker, Jennifer L, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, Balasubramanian, Madhan, Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin, Bam, Kiran, Bandyopadhyay, Soham, Banik, Biswajit, Banik, Palash Chandra, Banke-Thomas, Aduragbemi, Bansal, Hansi, Barchitta, Martina, Bardhan, Mainak, Bardideh, Erfan, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barone-Adesi, Francesco, Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat, Barrero, Lope H, Barrow, Amadou, Barteit, Sandra, Basharat, Zarrin, Basiru, Afisu, Basso, João Diogo, Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi, Basu, Sanjay, Batchu, Sai, Batra, Kavita, Batra, Ravi, Baune, Bernhard T, Bayati, Mohsen, Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew, Beaney, Thomas, Behnoush, Amir Hossein, Beiranvand, Maryam, Béjot, Yannick, Bekele, Alehegn, Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal, Bell, Arielle Wilder, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Muhammad Bashir, Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja, Belo, Luis, Beloukas, Apostolos, Bendak, Salaheddine, Bennett, Derrick A, Bennitt, Fiona B, Bensenor, Isabela M, Benzian, Habib, Beran, Azizullah, Berezvai, Zombor, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S, Bettencourt, Paulo J G, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhat, Ajay Nagesh, Bhat, Vivek, Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur, Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh, Bhatti, Manpreet S, Bhatti, Rajbir, Bhuiyan, Mohiuddin Ahmed, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bikbov, Boris, Bishai, Jessica Devin, Bisignano, Catherine, Biswas, Atanu, Biswas, Bijit, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bjørge, Tone, Boachie, Micheal Kofi, Boakye, Hosea, Bockarie, Moses John, Bodolica, Virginia, Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan, Bogale, Eyob Ketema, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao, Boloor, Archith, Bonakdar Hashemi, Milad, Boppana, Sri Harsha, Bora Basara, Berrak, Borhany, Hamed, Botero Carvajal, Alejandro, Bouaoud, Souad, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert, Boxe, Christopher, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brant, Luisa C, Brar, Amanpreet, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Breitner, Susanne, Brenner, Hermann, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Britton, Gabrielle, Brown, Colin Stewart, Browne, Annie J, Brunoni, Andre R, Bryazka, Dana, Bulamu, Norma B, Bulto, Lemma N, Buonsenso, Danilo, Burkart, Katrin, Burns, Richard A, Busse, Reinhard, Bustanji, Yasser, Butt, Nadeem Shafique, Butt, Zahid A, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cagney, Jack, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Calina, Daniela, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Campos, Luciana Aparecida, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Cao, Chao, Cao, Fan, Cao, Yubin, Capodici, Angelo, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carr, Sinclair, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J, Carugno, Andrea, Carvalho, Felix, Carvalho, Márcia, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castelpietra, Giulio, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Catapano, Alberico L, Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia, Caye, Arthur, Cederroth, Christopher R, Cegolon, Luca, Cenderadewi, Muthia, Cercy, Kelly M, Cerin, Ester, Chadwick, Joshua, Chakraborty, Chiranjib, Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo, Chakraborty, Sandip, Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai, Chan, Raymond N C, Chandan, Joht Singh, Chandika, Rama Mohan, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Chen, An-Tian, Chen, Catherine S, Chen, Haowei, Chen, Meng Xuan, Chen, Mingling, Chen, Simiao, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cheng, Esther T W, Cherbuin, Nicolas, Chi, Gerald, Chichagi, Fatemeh, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chimoriya, Ritesh, Ching, Patrick R, Chirinos-Caceres, Jesus Lorenzo, Chitheer, Abdulaal, Cho, William C S, Chong, Bryan, Chopra, Hitesh, Chowdhury, Rajiv, 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Dineshbhai, Desai, Rupak, Devanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan, Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman, Dhali, Arkadeep, Dhama, Kuldeep, Dhane, Amol S, Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dhingra, Sameer, Dhulipala, Vishal R, Dhungana, Raja Ram, Dias da Silva, Diana, Diaz, Daniel, Diaz, Luis Antonio, Diaz, Michael J, Dima, Adriana, Ding, Delaney D, Dinu, Monica, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Thanh Chi, Do, Thao Huynh Phuong, do Prado, Camila Bruneli, Dodangeh, Masoud, Dohare, Sushil, Dokova, Klara Georgieva, Dong, Wanyue, Dongarwar, Deepa, D'Oria, Mario, Dorostkar, Fariba, Dorsey, E Ray, Doshi, Rajkumar, Doshmangir, Leila, Dowou, Robert Kokou, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Dsouza, Ashel Chelsea, Dsouza, Haneil Larson, Dumith, Samuel C, Duncan, Bruce B, Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, Duraisamy, Senbagam, Dushpanova, Anar, Dzianach, Paulina Agnieszka, Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian, Ebrahimi, Alireza, Echieh, Chidiebere Peter, Ed-Dra, Abdelaziz, Edinur, Hisham Atan, Edvardsson, David, Edvardsson, Kristina, Efendi, Ferry, Eftekharimehrabad, Aziz, Eini, Ebrahim, Ekholuenetale, Michael, Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus, El Arab, Rabie Adel, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, El-Dahiyat, Faris, Elemam, Noha Mousaad, Elgar, Frank J, ElGohary, Ghada Metwally Tawfik, Elhabashy, Hala Rashad, Elhadi, Muhammed, Elmehrath, Ahmed O, Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou, Elshaer, Mohammed, Elsohaby, Ibrahim, Emeto, Theophilus I, Esfandiari, Negin, Eshrati, Babak, Eslami, Majid, Esmaeili, Sayed Vahid, Estep, Kara, Etaee, Farshid, Fabin, Natalia, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Fagbule, Omotayo Francis, Fahimi, Saman, Falzone, Luca, Fareed, Mohammad, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá, Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud, Faris, Pawan Sirwan, Faro, Andre, Fasina, Folorunso Oludayo, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Fauk, Nelsensius Klau, Fazylov, Timur, Feigin, Valery L, Feng, Xiaoqi, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Feroze, Abdullah Hamid, Ferrara, Pietro, Ferrari, Alize J, Ferreira, Nuno, Fetensa, Getahun, Feyisa, Bikila Regassa, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, 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Abstract

Understanding the health consequences associated with exposure to risk factors is necessary to inform public health policy and practice. To systematically quantify the contributions of risk factor exposures to specific health outcomes, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 aims to provide comprehensive estimates of exposure levels, relative health risks, and attributable burden of disease for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, from 1990 to 2021.

Published
2024
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32. Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author

Ferrari, Alize J, Santomauro, Damian Francesco, Aali, Amirali, Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd ElHafeez, Samar, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdollahi, Arash, Abdullahi, Auwal, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abualruz, Hasan, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Ackerman, Ilana N, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Addolorato, Giovanni, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adepoju, Abiola Victor, Adewuyi, Habeeb Omoponle, Afyouni, Shadi, Afzal, Saira, Afzal, Sina, Agodi, Antonella, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Danish, Ahmad, Firdos, Ahmad, Shahzaib, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Luai A, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ajami, Marjan, Akinosoglou, Karolina, Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed, Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz, Alalalmeh, Samer O, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Albashtawy, Mohammed, Aldridge, Robert W, Alemu, Meseret Desalegn, Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed, Alharrasi, Maryam, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Mohammed Usman, Ali, Rafat, Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait, Alif, Sheikh Mohammad, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Al-Marwani, Sabah, Almazan, Joseph Uy, Alomari, Mahmoud A, Al-Omari, Basem, Altaany, Zaid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J, Alwafi, Hassan, Al-Wardat, Mohammad Sami, Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed, Aly, Safwat, Alzoubi, Karem H, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amegbor, Prince M, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Amin, Tarek Tawfik, Amindarolzarbi, Alireza, Amiri, Sohrab, Amugsi, Dickson A, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderlini, Deanna, Anderson, David B, Andrade, Pedro Prata, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Ansari, Hossein, Antony, Catherine M, Anwar, Saleha, Anwar, Sumadi Lukman, Anwer, Razique, Anyanwu, Philip Emeka, Arab, Juan Pablo, Arabloo, Jalal, Arafat, Mosab, Araki, Daniel T, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Arkew, Mesay, Armocida, Benedetta, Arndt, Michael Benjamin, Arooj, Mahwish, Artamonov, Anton A, Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo, Arumugam, Ashokan, Ashbaugh, Charlie, Ashemo, Mubarek Yesse, Ashraf, Muhammad, Asika, Marvellous O, Askari, Elaheh, Astell-Burt, Thomas, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atorkey, Prince, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, Atreya, Alok, Aujayeb, Avinash, Ausloos, Marcel, Avan, Abolfazl, Awotidebe, Adedapo Wasiu, Awuviry-Newton, Kofi, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayuso-Mateos, Jose L, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azevedo, Rui M S, Babu, Abraham Samuel, Badar, Muhammad, Badiye, Ashish D, Baghdadi, Soroush, Bagheri, Nasser, Bah, Sulaiman, Bai, Ruhai, Baker, Jennifer L, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, Bako, Abdulaziz T, Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar, Bam, Kiran, Banik, Palash Chandra, Barchitta, Martina, Bardhan, Mainak, Bardideh, Erfan, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat, Barrow, Amadou, Barteit, Sandra, Barua, Lingkan, Bashiri Aliabadi, Somaye, Basiru, Afisu, Basu, Sanjay, Basu, Saurav, Bathini, Prapthi Persis, Batra, Kavita, Baune, Bernhard T, Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew, Behnam, Babak, Behnoush, Amir Hossein, Beiranvand, Maryam, Bejarano Ramirez, Diana Fernanda, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja, Beloukas, Apostolos, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berezvai, Zombor, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S, Bettencourt, Paulo J G, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bhargava, Ashish, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhat, Vivek, Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur, Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh, Bhatti, Manpreet S, Bhatti, Rajbir, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bikbov, Boris, Bishai, Jessica Devin, Bisignano, Catherine, Bitra, Veera R, Bjørge, Tone, Bodolica, Virginia, Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan, Bogale, Eyob Ketema, Bonakdar Hashemi, Milad, Bonny, Aime, Bora Basara, Berrak, Borhany, Hamed, Boxe, Christopher, Brady, Oliver J, Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brant, Luisa C, Brauer, Michael, Breitner, Susanne, Brenner, Hermann, Brown, Julie, Brugha, Traolach, Bulamu, Norma B, Buonsenso, Danilo, Burkart, Katrin, Burns, Richard A, Busse, Reinhard, Bustanji, Yasser, Butt, Zahid A, Byun, Justin, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Calina, Daniela, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Cao, Chao, Capodici, Angelo, Carr, Sinclair, Carreras, Giulia, Carugno, Andrea, Carvalho, Márcia, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castelpietra, Giulio, Catapano, Alberico L, Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia, Caye, Arthur, Cegolon, Luca, Cembranel, Francieli, Cenderadewi, Muthia, Cerin, Ester, Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo, Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai, Chan, Raymond N C, Chandika, Rama Mohan, Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K, Charalampous, Periklis, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou, Victoria, Chen, Angela W, Chen, An-Tian, Chen, Catherine S, Chen, Haowei, Chen, Nathalie M, Cheng, Esther T W, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chimoriya, Ritesh, Ching, Patrick R, Cho, William C S, Choi, Sungchul, Chong, Bryan, Chong, Yuen Yu, Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Steffan Wittrup McPhee, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chukwu, Isaac Sunday, Chung, Eric, Chung, Eunice, Chutiyami, Muhammad, Claassens, Mareli M, Cogen, Rebecca M, Columbus, Alyssa, Conde, Joao, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Cousin, Ewerton, Criqui, Michael H, Cruz-Martins, Natália, Dadras, Omid, Dai, Siyu, Dai, Xiaochen, Dai, Zhaoli, Dalaba, Maxwell Ayindenaba, Damiani, Giovanni, Das, Jai K, Das, Saswati, Dashti, Mohsen, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, Davletov, Kairat, De Leo, Diego, Debele, Aklilu Tamire, Debopadhaya, Shayom, DeCleene, Nicole K, Deeba, Farah, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Bo', Cristian, Delgado-Enciso, Ivan, Demetriades, Andreas K, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai, Desai, Rupak, Deuba, Keshab, Dhama, Kuldeep, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhingra, Sameer, Dias da Silva, Diana, Diaz, Daniel, Diaz, Luis Antonio, Diaz, Michael J, Dima, Adriana, Ding, Delaney D, Dirac, M Ashworth, Do, Thao Huynh Phuong, do Prado, Camila Bruneli, Dohare, Sushil, Dominguez, Regina-Mae Villanueva, Dong, Wanyue, Dongarwar, Deepa, D'Oria, Mario, Dorsey, E Ray, Doshmangir, Leila, Dowou, Robert Kokou, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Dsouza, Haneil Larson, Dsouza, Viola, Dube, John, Dumith, Samuel C, Duncan, Bruce B, Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, Duraisamy, Senbagam, Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher, Dzianach, Paulina Agnieszka, Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian, Eboreime, Ejemai, Ebrahimi, Alireza, Edinur, Hisham Atan, Edvardsson, David, Eikemo, Terje Andreas, Eini, Ebrahim, Ekholuenetale, Michael, Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus, El Sayed, Iman, El Tantawi, Maha, Elbarazi, Iffat, Elemam, Noha Mousaad, ElGohary, Ghada Metwally Tawfik, Elhadi, Muhammed, Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou, ELNahas, Gihan, Elshaer, Mohammed, Elsohaby, Ibrahim, Engelbert Bain, Luchuo, Erkhembayar, Ryenchindorj, Eshrati, Babak, Estep, Kara, Fabin, Natalia, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Falzone, Luca, Fareed, Mohammad, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá, Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud, Faro, Andre, Farrokhi, Pegah, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Fauk, Nelsensius Klau, Feigin, Valery L, Feng, Xiaoqi, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Feroze, Abdullah Hamid, Ferreira, Nuno, Ferreira, Paulo H, Fischer, Florian, Flavel, Joanne, Flood, David, Flor, Luisa S, Foigt, Nataliya A, Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Force, Lisa M, Fortuna, Daniela, Foschi, Matteo, Franklin, Richard Charles, Freitas, Alberto, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Furtado, João M, Gaal, Peter Andras, Gadanya, Muktar A, Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, Gaihre, Santosh, Galali, Yaseen, Ganbat, Mandukhai, Gandhi, Aravind P, Ganesan, Balasankar, Ganie, Mohd Ashraf, Ganiyani, Mohammad Arfat, Gardner, William M, Gebi, Tilaye Gebru, Gebregergis, Miglas W, Gebrehiwot, Mesfin, Gebremariam, Tesfay B B, Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru, Gela, Yibeltal Yismaw, Georgescu, Simona Roxana, Getachew Obsa, Abera, Gething, Peter W, Getie, Molla, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghadirian, Fataneh, Ghailan, Khalid Yaser, Ghajar, Alireza, Ghasemi, MohammadReza, Ghasempour Dabaghi, Ghazal, Ghasemzadeh, Afsaneh, Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed, Gholamrezanezhad, Ali, Ghorbani, Mahsa, Ghotbi, Elena, Gibson, Ruth Margaret, Gill, Tiffany K, Ginindza, Themba G, Girmay, Alem, Glasbey, James C, Göbölös, Laszlo, Godinho, Myron Anthony, Goharinezhad, Salime, Goldust, Mohamad, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goleij, Pouya, Gona, Philimon N, Gorini, Giuseppe, Goulart, Alessandra C, Grada, Ayman, Grivna, Michal, Guan, Shi-Yang, Guarducci, Giovanni, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Gudeta, Mesay Dechasa, Guha, Avirup, Guicciardi, Stefano, Gulati, Snigdha, Gulisashvili, David, Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga, Guo, Cui, Gupta, Anish Kumar, Gupta, Bhawna, Gupta, Ishita, Gupta, Mohak, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vijai Kumar, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Gutiérrez, Reyna Alma, Habibzadeh, Farrokh, Habibzadeh, Parham, Haddadi, Rasool, Hadi, Najah R, Haep, Nils, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hafiz, Abdul, Hagins, Hailey, Halboub, Esam S, Halimi, Aram, Haller, Sebastian, Halwani, Rabih, Hamilton, Erin B, Hankey, Graeme J, Hannan, Md Abdul, Haque, Md Nuruzzaman, Harapan, Harapan, Haro, Josep Maria, Hartvigsen, Jan, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hasan, Ikramul, Hasanian, Mohammad, Hasnain, Md Saquib, Hassan, Amr, Haubold, Johannes, Havmoeller, Rasmus J, Hay, Simon I, Hayat, Khezar, Hebert, Jeffrey J, Hegazi, Omar E, Heidari, Golnaz, Helfer, Bartosz, Hemmati, Mehdi, Hendrie, Delia, Henson, Claire A, Hezam, Kamal, Hiraike, Yuta, Hoan, Nguyen Quoc, Holla, Ramesh, Hon, Julia, Hossain, Md Mahbub, Hosseinzadeh, Hassan, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hsu, Johnathan M, Huang, Junjie, Hugo, Fernando N, Hushmandi, Kiavash, Hussain, Javid, Hussein, Nawfal R, Huynh, Chantal K, Huynh, Hong-Han, Hwang, Bing-Fang, Iannucci, Vincent C, Ihler, Audrey L, Ikiroma, Adalia I, Ikuta, Kevin S, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Imam, Mohammad Tarique, Immurana, Mustapha, Irham, Lalu Muhammad, Islam, Md Rabiul, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islami, Farhad, Ismail, Faisal, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Isola, Gaetano, Iwagami, Masao, Iwu, Chidozie C D, Iyer, Mahalaxmi, Jaafari, Jalil, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad, Jafarinia, Morteza, Jaggi, Khushleen, Jahankhani, Kasra, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jahrami, Haitham, Jain, Akhil, Jain, Nityanand, Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman, Jaiswal, Abhishek, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jatau, Abubakar Ibrahim, Javadov, Sabzali, Javaheri, Tahereh, Jayapal, Sathish Kumar, Jayaram, Shubha, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeganathan, Jayakumar, Jeyakumar, Angeline, Jha, Anil K, Jiang, Heng, Jin, Yinzi, Jonas, Jost B, Joo, Tamas, Joseph, Abel, Joseph, Nitin, Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, K, Vaishali, Kaambwa, Billingsley, Kabir, Ali, Kabir, Zubair, Kadashetti, Vidya, Kalani, Rizwan, Kalankesh, Leila R, Kaliyadan, Feroze, Kalra, Sanjay, Kamenov, Kaloyan, Kamyari, Naser, Kanagasabai, Thanigaivelan, Kandel, Himal, Kanmanthareddy, Arun R, Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem, Kantar, Rami S, Karaye, Ibraheem M, Karim, Asima, Karimi, Salah Eddin, Karimi, Yeganeh, Kasraei, Hengameh, Kassel, Molly B, Kauppila, Joonas H, Kawakami, Norito, Kayode, Gbenga A, Kazemi, Foad, Kazemian, Sina, Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila, Keller, Cathleen, Kempen, John H, Kerr, Jessica A, Keshtkar, Kamyab, Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle, Keykhaei, Mohammad, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khalaji, Amirmohammad, Khalid, Asaad, Khalid, Nauman, Khalilian, Alireza, Khamesipour, Faham, Khan, Asaduzzaman, Khan, Ikramullah, Khan, Maseer, Khan, Moien AB, Khanmohammadi, Shaghayegh, Khatab, Khaled, Khatami, Fatemeh, Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad, Khater, Amir M, Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza, Khidri, Feriha Fatima, Khodadoust, Elaheh, Khormali, Moein, Khorrami, Zahra, Kifle, Zemene Demelash, Kim, Min Seo, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, Kochhar, Sonali, Koh, Hyun Yong, Kolahi, Ali-Asghar, Kompani, Farzad, Koren, Gerbrand, Korzh, Oleksii, Kosen, Soewarta, Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi, Krishan, Kewal, Krishna, Varun, Krishnamoorthy, Vijay, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kuddus, Md Abdul, Kuddus, Mohammed, Kuitunen, Ilari, Kulkarni, Vishnutheertha, Kumar, Manasi, Kumar, Nithin, Kumar, Rakesh, Kurmi, Om P, Kusuma, Dian, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Ladan, Muhammad Awwal, Laflamme, Lucie, Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lahariya, Chandrakant, Lai, Daphne Teck Ching, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lám, Judit, Lan, Qing, Lan, Tuo, Landires, Iván, Lanfranchi, Francesco, Langguth, Berthold, Laplante-Lévesque, Ariane, Larijani, Bagher, Larsson, Anders O, Lasrado, Savita, Lauriola, Paolo, Le, Huu-Hoai, Le, Long Khanh Dao, Le, Nhi Huu Hanh, Le, Trang Diep Thanh, Leasher, Janet L, Ledda, Caterina, Lee, Munjae, Lee, Paul H, Lee, Sang-woong, Lee, Seung Won, Lee, Wei-Chen, Lee, Yo Han, LeGrand, Kate E, Lenzi, Jacopo, Leong, Elvynna, Leung, Janni, Li, Ming-Chieh, Li, Wei, Li, Xiaopan, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongze, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lim, Stephen S, Lindstrom, Megan, Linn, Shai, Liu, Gang, Liu, Runben, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Wei, Liu, Xiaofeng, Liu, Xuefeng, Llanaj, Erand, Lo, Chun-Han, López-Bueno, Rubén, Loreche, Arianna Maever, Lorenzovici, László, Lozano, Rafael, Lubinda, Jailos, Lucchetti, Giancarlo, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lusk, Jay B, lv, hengliang, Ma, Zheng Feei, Machairas, Nikolaos, Madureira-Carvalho, Áurea M, Magaña Gómez, Javier A, Maghazachi, Azzam A, Maharjan, Preeti, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Maheri, Mina, Mahjoub, Soleiman, Mahmoud, Mansour Adam, Mahmoudi, Elham, Majeed, Azeem, Makris, Konstantinos Christos, Malakan Rad, Elaheh, Malhotra, Kashish, Malik, Ahmad Azam, Malik, Iram, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Manla, Yosef, Mansour, Ali, Mansouri, Pejman, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantilla Herrera, Ana M, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Manu, Emmanuel, Marateb, Hamid Reza, Mardi, Parham, Martinez, Gabriel, Martinez-Piedra, Ramon, Martini, Daniela, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Martorell, Miquel, Marx, Wolfgang, Maryam, Sharmeen, Marzo, Roy Rillera, Mathangasinghe, Yasith, Mathieson, Stephanie, Mathioudakis, Alexander G, Mattumpuram, Jishanth, Maugeri, Andrea, Mayeli, Mahsa, Mazidi, Mohsen, Mazzotti, Antonio, McGrath, John J, McKee, Martin, McKowen, Anna Laura W, McPhail, Michael A, Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Kamran, Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar, Mekene Meto, Tesfahun, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mensah, George A, Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A, Meo, Sultan Ayoub, Meresa, Haftu Asmerom, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mersha, Abera M, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Mettananda, Kukulege Chamila Dinushi, Mettananda, Sachith, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Miller, Paul Anthony, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Minh, Le Huu Nhat, Mirijello, Antonio, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mirutse, Mizan Kiros, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad, Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei, Roya, Misganaw, Awoke, Mishra, Ajay Kumar, Mitchell, Philip B, Mittal, Chaitanya, Moazen, Babak, Moberg, Madeline E, Mohamed, Jama, Mohamed, Mouhand F H, Mohamed, Nouh Saad, Mohammadi, Esmaeil, Mohammadi, Soheil, Mohammed, Hussen, Mohammed, Salahuddin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohr, Robin M, Mokdad, Ali H, Molinaro, Sabrina, Momtazmanesh, Sara, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mondello, Stefania, Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli, Moradi, Maryam, Moradi, Yousef, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Moreira, Rafael Silveira, Morovatdar, Negar, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Morze, Jakub, Mosapour, Abbas, Mosser, Jonathan F, Mossialos, Elias, Motappa, Rohith, Mougin, Vincent, Mouodi, Simin, Mrejen, Matías, Msherghi, Ahmed, Mubarik, Sumaira, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Mulita, Francesk, Munjal, Kavita, Murillo-Zamora, Efrén, Murlimanju, BV, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthu, Sathish, Muzaffar, Muhammad, Myung, Woojae, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Naghavi, Pirouz, Naik, Ganesh R, Nainu, Firzan, Nair, Sanjeev, Najmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid, Nangia, Vinay, Naqvi, Atta Abbas, Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod, Nargus, Shumaila, Nascimento, Gustavo G, Nashwan, Abdulqadir J, Nasrollahizadeh, Ali, Nasrollahizadeh, Amir, Natto, Zuhair S, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Nayak, Vinod C, Nduaguba, Sabina Onyinye, Negash, Hadush, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria, Nesbit, Olivia D, Netsere, Henok Biresaw, Ng, Marie, Nguefack-Tsague, Georges, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Dang H, Nguyen, Hien Quang, Niazi, Robina Khan, Nikolouzakis, Taxiarchis Konstantinos, Nikoobar, Ali, Nikoomanesh, Fatemeh, Nikpoor, Amin Reza, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, Nnyanzi, Lawrence Achilles, Noman, Efaq Ali, Nomura, Shuhei, Norrving, Bo, Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi, Ntaios, George, Ntsekhe, Mpiko, Nurrika, Dieta, Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe, Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet, Oancea, Bogdan, Odetokun, Ismail A, O'Donnell, Martin James, Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru, Oguta, James Odhiambo, Okati-Aliabad, Hassan, Okeke, Sylvester Reuben, Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul, Okonji, Osaretin Christabel, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olasupo, Omotola O, Olatubi, Matthew Idowu, Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Moraes, Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Omar, Hany A, Omer, Goran Latif, Omonisi, Abidemi E Emmanuel, Onie, Sandersan, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Ordak, Michal, Orish, Verner N, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V, Ortiz, Alberto, Ortiz-Brizuela, Edgar, Osman, Wael M S, Ostroff, Samuel M, Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi, Otoiu, Adrian, Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Ouyahia, Amel, Ouyang, Guoqing, Owolabi, Mayowa O, P A, Mahesh Padukudru, Padron-Monedero, Alicia, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Palicz, Tamás, Palladino, Claudia, Pan, Feng, Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R, Pangaribuan, Helena Ullyartha, Panos, Georgios D, Panos, Leonidas D, Pantea Stoian, Anca Mihaela, Pardhan, Shahina, Parikh, Romil R, Pashaei, Ava, Pasovic, Maja, Passera, Roberto, Patel, Jay, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Patil, Shankargouda, Patoulias, Dimitrios, Patthipati, Venkata Suresh, Pawar, Shrikant, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Pease, Spencer A, Peden, Amy E, Pedersini, Paolo, Peng, Minjin, Pensato, Umberto, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Peprah, Emmanuel K, Peprah, Prince, Perdigão, João, Pereira, Maria Odete, Perianayagam, Arokiasamy, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily, Petri, William A, Pham, Hoang Tran, Philip, Anil K, Phillips, Michael R, Pigeolet, Manon, Pigott, David M, Pillay, Julian David, Piracha, Zahra Zahid, Pirouzpanah, Saeed, Plass, Dietrich, Plotnikov, Evgenii, Poddighe, Dimitri, Polinder, Suzanne, Postma, Maarten J, Pourtaheri, Naeimeh, Prada, Sergio I, Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh, Prakash, V, Prasad, Manya, Prates, Elton Junio Sady, Priscilla, Tina, Pritchett, Natalie, Puri, Pooja, Puvvula, Jagadeesh, Qasim, Nameer Hashim, Qattea, Ibrahim, Qazi, Asma Saleem, Qian, Gangzhen, Rabiee Rad, Mehrdad, Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal, Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman, Raeisi Shahraki, Hadi, Rafferty, Quinn, Raggi, Alberto, Raghav, Pankaja Raghav, Rahim, Md Jillur, Rahman, Md Mosfequr, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahmani, Shayan, Rahmanian, Mohammad, Rahmawaty, Setyaningrum, Rajaa, Sathish, Ramadan, Mahmoud Mohammed, Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran, Ramasubramani, Premkumar, Ramazanu, Sheena, Rana, Kritika, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rancic, Nemanja, Rane, Amey, Rao, Chythra R, Rao, Kumuda, Rao, Mithun, Rao, Sowmya J, Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi, Rathnaiah Babu, Giridhara, Rauniyar, Santosh Kumar, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Razo, Christian, Reddy, Murali Mohan Rama Krishna, Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed, Reifels, Lennart, Reiner Jr, Robert C, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N, Reshmi, Bhageerathy, Reyes, Luis Felipe, Rezaei, Nazila, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaei, Nima, Rezaei Hachesu, Peyman, Rezaeian, Mohsen, Rickard, Jennifer, Rodrigues, Célia Fortuna, Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rotimi, Kunle, Rout, Himanshu Sekhar, Roy, Bedanta, Roy, Nitai, Roy, Priyanka, Rubagotti, Enrico, S N, Chandan, Saad, Aly M A, Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed, Sabour, Siamak, Sacco, Simona, Sachdev, Perminder S, Saddik, Basema, Saddler, Adam, Sadee, Bashdar Abuzed, Sadeghi, Erfan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeb, Mohammad Reza, Saeed, Umar, Safi, Sher Zaman, Sagar, Rajesh, Sagoe, Dominic, Saif, 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Theo, and Murray, Christopher J L

Abstract

Detailed, comprehensive, and timely reporting on population health by underlying causes of disability and premature death is crucial to understanding and responding to complex patterns of disease and injury burden over time and across age groups, sexes, and locations. The availability of disease burden estimates can promote evidence-based interventions that enable public health researchers, policy makers, and other professionals to implement strategies that can mitigate diseases. It can also facilitate more rigorous monitoring of progress towards national and international health targets, such as the Sustainable Development Goals. For three decades, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) has filled that need. A global network of collaborators contributed to the production of GBD 2021 by providing, reviewing, and analysing all available data. GBD estimates are updated routinely with additional data and refined analytical methods. GBD 2021 presents, for the first time, estimates of health loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Published
2024
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33. Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author

Schumacher, Austin E, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Aali, Amirali, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Jaffar, Abbasgholizadeh, Rouzbeh, Abbasi, Madineh Akram, Abbasian, Mohammadreza, Abd ElHafeez, Samar, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdelwahab, Ahmed, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdoun, Meriem, Abdullahi, Auwal, Abdurehman, Ame Mehadi, Abebe, Mesfin, Abedi, Aidin, Abedi, Armita, Abegaz, Tadesse M, Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel, Abhilash, E S, Abiodun, Olugbenga Olusola, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abouzid, Mohamed, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrha, Woldu Aberhe, Abrigo, Michael R M, Abtahi, Dariush, Abu Rumeileh, Samir, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Aburuz, Salahdein, Abu-Zaid, Ahmed, Acuna, Juan Manuel, Adair, Tim, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adegboye, Oyelola A, Adekanmbi, Victor, Aden, Bashir, Adepoju, Abiola Victor, Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun, Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther, Adeyomoye, Olorunsola Israel, Adha, Rishan, Adibi, Amin, Adikusuma, Wirawan, Adnani, Qorinah 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Abstract

Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020–21 COVID-19 pandemic period.

Published
2024
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34. Burden of disease scenarios for 204 countries and territories, 2022–2050: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author

Vollset, Stein Emil, Ababneh, Hazim S, Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasgholizadeh, Rouzbeh, Abbasian, Mohammadreza, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd Al Magied, Abdallah H A, Abd ElHafeez, Samar, Abdelkader, Atef, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdi, Parsa, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdoun, Meriem, Abdullahi, Auwal, Abebe, Mesfin, Abiodun, Olumide, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abouzid, Mohamed, Aboye, Girma Beressa, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Absalan, Abdorrahim, Abualruz, Hasan, Abubakar, Bilyaminu, Abukhadijah, Hana Jihad Jihad, Addolorato, Giovanni, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun, Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi, Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther, Adha, Rishan, Adhikary, Ripon Kumar, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Adzigbli, Leticia Akua, Afrashteh, Fatemeh, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Afzal, Saira, Agbozo, Faith, Agodi, Antonella, Agrawal, Anurag, Agyemang-Duah, Williams, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahlstrom, Austin J, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, 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Woldeyes, Dawit Habte, Wolf, Axel Walter, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wu, Chenkai, Wu, Dongze, Wu, Felicia, Wu, Jiayuan, Wu, Zenghong, Wulf Hanson, Sarah, Xiao, Hong, Xu, Suowen, Yadav, Rakesh, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yang, Danting, Yano, Yuichiro, Yarahmadi, Amir, Yazdani Nia, Iman, Ye, Pengpeng, Yesodharan, Renjulal, Yesuf, Subah Abderehim, Yezli, Saber, Yiğit, Arzu, Yiğit, Vahit, Yigzaw, Zeamanuel Anteneh, Yin, Dehui, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, You, Yuyi, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Yu, Elaine A, Yu, Yong, Yuan, Chun-Wei, Yusuf, Hadiza, Zafar, Uzma, Zafari, Nima, Zahid, Mondal Hasan, Zakham, Fathiah, Zaki, Nazar, Zerfu, Taddese Alemu, Zhang, Haijun, Zhang, Jingya, Zhang, Liqun, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhang, Zhiqiang, Zhao, Xiu-Ju George, Zhao, Yang, Zhao, Zhongyi, Zhong, Chenwen, Zhou, Bolun, Zhou, Juexiao, Zhou, Shangcheng, Zhu, Bin, Zhumagaliuly, Abzal, Zielińska, Magdalena, Zoghi, Ghazal, Zumla, Alimuddin, Zyoud, Sa'ed H, Zyoud, Samer H, Smith, Amanda E, and Murray, Christopher J L

Abstract

Future trends in disease burden and drivers of health are of great interest to policy makers and the public at large. This information can be used for policy and long-term health investment, planning, and prioritisation. We have expanded and improved upon previous forecasts produced as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) and provide a reference forecast (the most likely future), and alternative scenarios assessing disease burden trajectories if selected sets of risk factors were eliminated from current levels by 2050.

Published
2024
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35. Global fertility in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2021, with forecasts to 2100: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author

Bhattacharjee, Natalia V, Schumacher, Austin E, Aali, Amirali, Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abbasgholizadeh, Rouzbeh, Abbasian, Mohammadreza, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd ElHafeez, Samar, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahifar, Mohammad-Amin, Abdoun, Meriem, Abdullahi, Auwal, Abebe, Mesfin, Abebe, Samrawit Shawel, Abiodun, Olumide, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abolmaali, Meysam, Abouzid, Mohamed, Aboye, Girma Beressa, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrha, Woldu Aberhe, Abrigo, Michael R M, Abtahi, Dariush, Abualruz, Hasan, Abubakar, Bilyaminu, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Adal, Tadele Girum Girum, Adane, Mesafint Molla, Adeagbo, Oluwafemi Atanda Adeagbo, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Aden, Bashir, Adepoju, Abiola Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi, Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo, Adeyomoye, Olorunsola Israel, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Adra, Saryia, Afolabi, Rotimi Felix, Afyouni, Shadi, Afzal, Muhammad 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Sergeevich, Zhang, Haijun, Zhang, Meixin, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhong, Chenwen, Zhou, Juexiao, Zhu, Bin, Zhu, Lei, Zielińska, Magdalena, Zou, Zhiyong, Zyoud, Samer H, Murray, Christopher J L, Smith, Amanda E, and Vollset, Stein Emil

Abstract

Accurate assessments of current and future fertility—including overall trends and changing population age structures across countries and regions—are essential to help plan for the profound social, economic, environmental, and geopolitical challenges that these changes will bring. Estimates and projections of fertility are necessary to inform policies involving resource and health-care needs, labour supply, education, gender equality, and family planning and support. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 produced up-to-date and comprehensive demographic assessments of key fertility indicators at global, regional, and national levels from 1950 to 2021 and forecast fertility metrics to 2100 based on a reference scenario and key policy-dependent alternative scenarios.

Published
2024
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36. Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author

Naghavi, Mohsen, Ong, Kanyin Liane, Aali, Amirali, Ababneh, Hazim S, Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasgholizadeh, Rouzbeh, Abbasian, Mohammadreza, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd ElHafeez, Samar, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdelwahab, Ahmed, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahifar, Mohammad-Amin, Abdoun, Meriem, Abdulah, Deldar Morad, Abdullahi, Auwal, Abebe, Mesfin, Abebe, Samrawit Shawel, Abedi, Aidin, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abhilash, E S, Abidi, Hassan, Abiodun, Olumide, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abolmaali, Meysam, Abouzid, Mohamed, Aboye, Girma Beressa, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrha, Woldu Aberhe, Abtahi, Dariush, Abu Rumeileh, Samir, Abualruz, Hasan, Abubakar, Bilyaminu, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Aburuz, Salahdein, Abu-Zaid, Ahmed, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Adal, Tadele Girum, Adamu, Abdu A, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Addolorato, Giovanni, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adepoju, Abiola Victor, Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun, Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi, Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther, Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo, Adeyomoye, Olorunsola Israel, Admass, Biruk Adie Adie, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Adra, Saryia, Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Afzal, Saira, Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika, Agasthi, Pradyumna, Aggarwal, Manik, Aghamiri, Shahin, Agide, Feleke Doyore, Agodi, Antonella, Agrawal, Anurag, Agyemang-Duah, Williams, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Danish, Ahmad, Firdos, Ahmad, Muayyad M, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Shahzaib, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadzade, Amir Mahmoud, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Ayman, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed, Luai A, Ahmed, Mehrunnisha Sharif, Ahmed, Meqdad Saleh, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Syed Anees, Ajami, Marjan, Aji, Budi, Akara, Essona Matatom, Akbarialiabad, Hossein, Akinosoglou, Karolina, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed, Akyirem, Samuel, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz, Alahdab, 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Zhi-Jiang, Zhao, Hanqing, Zhong, Chenwen, Zhou, Juexiao, Zhu, Bin, Zhu, Lei, Ziafati, Makan, Zielińska, Magdalena, Zitoun, Osama A, Zoladl, Mohammad, Zou, Zhiyong, Zuhlke, Liesl J, Zumla, Alimuddin, Zweck, Elric, Zyoud, Samer H, Wool, Eve E, and Murray, Christopher J L

Abstract

Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations.

Published
2024
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38. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of madecassic acid–silybin conjugate compounds in liver cancer cellsElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d4md00170b

Author

Tran, Chien Van, Tran, Thao Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh The, Tran, Loc Van, Pham, Ninh Thi, Nguyen, Luu Thi, Nguyen, Dung Thi, Garrett, Michelle D., Nguyen, Nga Thi, Do, Thao Thi, Serpell, Christopher J., and Tran, Sung Van

Abstract

A series of 14 conjugates of 2α,3β,23-triacetyl-madecassic acid and silybin were designed and synthesized. The madecassic acid unit was linked to silybin either directly at position C-7 or C-3; or through an amino acid linker (glycine, β-alanine, or 11-aminoundecanoic acid) at position C-3. The conjugates were tested in vitrofor their cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells using the MTT assay. The results confirmed that the conjugated compounds demonstrated a stronger cytotoxic effect compared to the parent compounds. Of these compounds, the most promising conjugate, compound 8, was evaluated for cytotoxic activity in the additional Hep3B, Huh7, and Huh7R human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and also for cell cycle changes and induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells. This compound caused a rapid and significant induction of caspase 3 activity and induced cell cycle arrest in the S phase – effects distinct from the activity of madecassic acid. This is the first study on the synthesis and cytotoxicity of madecassic acid–silybin conjugates, and of their testing against liver cancer cell lines and provides evidence for a distinct biological profile versusmadecassic acid alone.

Published
2024
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39. Integrative Visualization of Temporally Varying Medical Image Patterns

Author

Soh Jung, Xiao Mei, Do Thao, Meruvia-Pastor Oscar, and Sensen Christoph W.

Subjects
Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65
Abstract

We have developed a tool for the visualization of temporal changes of disease patterns, using stacks of medical images collected in time-series experiments. With this tool, users can generate 3D surface models representing disease patterns and observe changes over time in size, shape, and location of clinically significant image patterns. Statistical measurements of the volume of the observed disease patterns can be performed simultaneously. Spatial data integration occurs through the combination of 2D slices of an image stack into a 3D surface model. Temporal integration occurs through the sequential visualization of the 3D models from different time points. Visual integration enables the tool to show 2D images, 3D models and statistical data simultaneously. As an example, the tool has been used to visualize brain MRI scans of several multiple sclerosis patients. It has been developed in Java™, to ensure portability and platform independence, with a user-friendly interface and can be downloaded free of charge for academic users.

Published
2011
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40. Automated hiPSC culture and sample preparation for 3D live cell microscopy

Author

Coston, Mackenzie E., primary, Gregor, Benjamin W., additional, Arakaki, Joy, additional, Borensztejn, Antoine, additional, Do, Thao P., additional, Fuqua, Margaret A., additional, Haupt, Amanda, additional, Hendershott, Melissa C., additional, Leung, Winnie, additional, Mueller, Irina A., additional, Nelson, Angelique M., additional, Rafelski, Susanne M., additional, Swain-Bowden, Madison J., additional, Tang, W. Joyce, additional, Thirstrup, Derek J., additional, Wiegraebe, Winfried, additional, Yan, Calysta, additional, Gunawardane, Ruwanthi N, additional, and Gaudreault, Nathalie, additional

Published
2020
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41. Global pattern, trend, and cross-country inequality of early musculoskeletal disorders from 1990 to 2019, with projection from 2020 to 2050

Author

Jin, Yingzhao, Guo, Cui, Abbasian, Mohammadreza, Abbasifard, Mitra, Abbott, J. Haxby, Abdullahi, Auwal, Abedi, Aidin, Abidi, Hassan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Aburuz, Salahdein, Abu-Zaid, Ahmed, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Adegboye, Oyelola A., Adepoju, Abiola Victor, Adikusuma, Wirawan, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Aghamiri, Shahin, Ahmad, Danish, Ahmed, Ayman, Aithala, Janardhana P., Akhlaghi, Shiva, Akkala, Sreelatha, Alalwan, Tariq A., Albashtawy, Mohammed, Alemi, Hediyeh, Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji, Ali, Endale Alemayehu, Almustanyir, Sami, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M., Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J., Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed, Alzahrani, Hosam, Alzoubi, Karem H., Amiri, Sohrab, Amu, Hubert, Amzat, Jimoh, Anderson, David B., Anil, Abhishek, Antony, Benny, Arabloo, Jalal, Areda, Damelash, Artaman, Al, Artamonov, Anton A., Aryal, Krishna K., Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad, Ashraf, Tahira, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atinafu, Bantalem Tilaye, Atout, Maha Moh’d Wahbi, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azhdari Tehrani, Hamed, Azzam, Ahmed Y., Badawi, Alaa, Baghcheghi, Nayereh, Bai, Ruhai, Baigi, Vali, Banach, Maciej, Banakar, Morteza, Banik, Biswajit, Bardhan, Mainak, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat, Barrow, Amadou, Bashiri, Azadeh, Batra, Kavita, Bayani, Mojtaba, Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew, Begde, Ahmet, Beyene, Kebede A., Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur, Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh, Bhatti, Rajbir, Bijani, Ali, Bitra, Veera R., Brazo-Sayavera, Javier, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Burkart, Katrin, Bustanji, Yasser, Butt, Muhammad Hammad, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Carvalho, Felix, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaurasia, Akhilanand, Chen, Guangjin, Chen, Haowei, Chen, Lingxiao, Christensen, Steffan Wittrup McPhee, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chukwu, Isaac Sunday, Comachio, Josielli, Cruz-Martins, Natália, Cuschieri, Sarah, Dadana, Sriharsha, Dadras, Omid, Dai, Xiaochen, Dai, Zhaoli, Das, Saswati, Dashti, Mohsen, Delgado-Enciso, Ivan, Demisse, Biniyam, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Desye, Belay, Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman, Dhingra, Sameer, Diress, Mengistie, Do, Thanh Chi, Do, Thao Huynh Phuong, Doan, Khanh Duy Khanh, Dutta, Sulagna, Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian, Edinur, Hisham Atan, Ekholuenetale, Michael, Elhadi, Muhammed, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esposito, Francesco, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Farokh, Parisa, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Feizkhah, Alireza, Fekadu, Ginenus, Ferreira, Nuno, Fetensa, Getahun, Fischer, Florian, Foroutan, Behzad, Foroutan Koudehi, Masoumeh, Franklin, Richard Charles, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Gandhi, Aravind P., Ganesan, Balasankar, Gau, Shuo-Yan, Gautam, Rupesh K., Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebregergis, Miglas W.W., Ghaderi Yazdi, Bardiya, Gholami, Ali, Gill, Tiffany K., Goleij, Pouya, Gomes-Neto, Mansueto, Goyal, Anmol, Graham, Simon Matthew, Guan, Bin, Gupta, Bhawna, Gupta, Indarchand Ratanlal, Gupta, Sapna, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Habibzadeh, Farrokh, Hailu, Wase Benti, Hajibeygi, Ramtin, Halwani, Rabih, Haro, Josep Maria, Hartvigsen, Jan, Hasaballah, Ahmed I., Haubold, Johannes, Hebert, Jeffrey J., Hegazy, Mohamed I., Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari, Mohammad, Hezam, Kamal, Hiraike, Yuta, Hosseinzadeh, Hassan, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hoveidaei, Amir Human, Hsu, Chi-Jen, Huda, Md Nazmul, Huynh, Hong-Han, Hwang, Bing-Fang, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikiroma, Adalia I., Ilic, Irena M., Ilic, Milena D., Iranmehr, Arad, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Iso, Hiroyasu, Iwagami, Masao, Iyasu, Assefa N., Jacob, Louis, Jafarzadeh, Abdollah, Jahankhani, Kasra, Jain, Nityanand, Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman, Janakiraman, Balamurugan, Jayarajah, Umesh, Jayaram, Shubha, Jeganathan, Jayakumar, Jokar, Mohammad, Jonas, Jost B., Joo, Tamas, Joseph, Nitin, Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma, Kabito, Gebisa Guyasa, Kamal, Vineet Kumar, Kandel, Himal, Kantar, Rami S., Karami, Jafar, Karaye, Ibraheem M., Karimi Behnagh, Arman, Kaur, Navjot, Kazemi, Foad, Kedir, Shemsu, Khadembashiri, Mohamad Mehdi, Khadembashiri, Mohammad Amin, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khan, Mohammad Jobair, Khan, Moien AB, Khan Suheb, Mahammed Ziauddin, Khatatbeh, Haitham, Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad, Khateri, Sorour, Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza, Khonji, Mohammad Saeid, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kian, Saeid, Kisa, Adnan, Kitila, Aiggan Tamene, Kolahi, Ali-Asghar, Koohestani, Hamid Reza, Korzh, Oleksii, Kostev, Karel, Kotnis, Ashwin Laxmikant, Koyanagi, Ai, Krishan, Kewal, Kuddus, Mohammed, Kumar, Narinder, Kurniasari, Maria Dyah, Ladan, Muhammad Awwal, Lahariya, Chandrakant, Laksono, Tri, Lallukka, Tea, Landires, Iván, Lasrado, Savita, Lawal, Basira Kankia, Le, Thao Thi Thu, Le, Trang Diep Thanh, Lee, Munjae, Lee, Wei-Chen, Lee, Yo Han, Lerango, Temesgen L., Lim, David, Lim, Stephen S., Lucchetti, Giancarlo, Ma, Zheng Feei, Maghazachi, Azzam A., Maghbouli, Nastaran, Malakan Rad, Elaheh, Malhotra, Armaan, Malik, Ahmad Azam, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Manu, Emmanuel, Mathangasinghe, Yasith, Mazzotti, Antonio, McPhail, Steven M., Mengist, Belayneh, Mesregah, Mohamed Kamal, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miller, Ted R., Minh, Le Huu Nhat, Mirahmadi Eraghi, Mohammad, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Misganaw, Awoke, Mohamadian, Hashem, Mohamadkhani, Ashraf, Mohamed, Nouh Saad, Mohammadi, Esmaeil, Mohammadi, Soheil, Mohammed, Mesud, Mojiri-Forushani, Hoda, Mokdad, Ali H., Momenzadeh, Kaveh, Momtazmanesh, Sara, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montazeri, Fateme, Moradi, Yousef, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mostafavi, Ebrahim, Mousavi, Parsa, Mousavi, Seyed Ehsan, Mulita, Admir, Murillo-Zamora, Efrén, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthu, Sathish, Naik, Ganesh R., Naimzada, Mukhammad David, Nakhostin Ansari, Noureddin, Narasimha Swamy, Sreenivas, Nargus, Shumaila, Nascimento, Paulo R.C., Naseri, Amirreza, Natto, Zuhair S., Naveed, Muhammad, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Nazri-Panjaki, Athare, Negaresh, Mohammad, Negash, Hadush, Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria, Nguyen, Dang H., Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien, Nguyen, Hien Quang, Nguyen, Phat Tuan, Nguyen, Van Thanh, Niazi, Robina Khan, Ofakunrin, Akinyemi O.D., Okati-Aliabad, Hassan, Okonji, Osaretin Christabel, Olatubi, Matthew Idowu, Ommati, Mohammad Mehdi, Ordak, Michal, Owolabi, Mayowa O., P A, Mahesh, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pan, Feng, Pantazopoulos, Ioannis, Park, Seoyeon, Patel, Jay, Patil, Shankargouda, Pawar, Shrikant, Pedersini, Paolo, Peprah, Prince, Perna, Simone, Petcu, Ionela-Roxana, Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily, Pham, Hoang Tran, Pigeolet, Manon, Prates, Elton Junio Sady, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi, Zahra, Rahimi-Dehgolan, Shahram, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahmati, Masoud, Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran, Ramasubramani, Premkumar, Rapaka, Deepthi, Rashedi, Sina, Rashedi, Vahid, Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi, Rasouli-Saravani, Ashkan, Rawaf, Salman, Reddy, Murali Mohan Rama Krishna, Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed, Rezaei, Nazila, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaei, Nima, Rezaei, Zahed, Riad, Abanoub, Roever, Leonardo, Roshanzamir, Sharareh, Roy, Priyanka, de Andrade Ruela, Guilherme, Saad, Aly M.A., Saddik, Basema, Sadeghian, Farideh, Saeed, Umar, Safary, Azam, Saghazadeh, Amene, Sagoe, Dominic, Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh Saheb, Sharif-Askari, Narjes Saheb, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sakshaug, Joseph W., Salami, Afeez Abolarinwa, Saleh, Mohamed A., Salehi, Sana, Samadzadeh, Sara, Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo, Samuel, Vijaya Paul, Santos, Djanilson B., Santric-Milicevic, Milena M., Saqib, Muhammad Arif Nadeem, Saravanan, Aswini, Sawyer, Susan, Schaarschmidt, Benedikt Michael, Senapati, Sabyasachi, Sethi, Yashendra, Seylani, Allen, Shafaat, Amir, Shafie, Mahan, Shahabi, Saeed, Shahbandi, Ataollah, Shahrokhi, Shayan, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamim, Muhammad Aaqib, Shamshirgaran, Mohammad Ali, Sharfaei, Sadaf, Sharifan, Amin, Sharifi, Azam, Sharma, Rajendra, Sharma, Saurab, Shashamo, Bereket Beyene, Shi, Linhong, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shivarov, Velizar, Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar, Sinaei, Ehsan, Singh, Ambrish, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Paramdeep, Singh, Surjit, Singla, Shweta, Siraj, Md Shahjahan, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Solanki, Ranjan, Solomon, Yonatan, Starodubova, Antonina V., Swain, Chandan Kumar, Talic, Stella, Tat, Nathan Y., Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Terefa, Dufera Rikitu, Tesler, Riki, Thapar, Rekha, Tharwat, Samar, Thayakaran, Rasiah, Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Tusa, Biruk Shalmeno, Ty, Sree Sudha, Udoakang, Aniefiok John, Vahabi, Seyed Mohammad, Valizadeh, Rohollah, Van den Eynde, Jef, Varthya, Shoban Babu, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Villafañe, Jorge Hugo, Vlassov, Vasily, Vo, Anh Truc, Vu, Linh Gia, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Wiangkham, Taweewat, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wu, Ai-Min, Yadollahpour, Ali, Yahya, Galal, Yonemoto, Naohiro, You, Yuyi, Younis, Mustafa Z., Zakham, Fathiah, Zangiabadian, Moein, Zarrintan, Armin, Zhong, Chenwen, Zhou, Hengxing, Zhu, Zhaochen, Zielińska, Magdalena, Zikarg, Yossef Teshome, Zitoun, Osama A., Zoladl, Mohammad, Tam, Lai-Shan, and Wu, Dongze

Abstract

This study aims to estimate the burden, trends, forecasts, and disparities of early musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders among individuals ages 15 to 39 years.

Published
2024
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44. chiro-Inositol Derivatives from Chisocheton paniculatusShowing Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Production

Author

Nguyen, Khan Viet, Ho, Duc Viet, Nguyen, Hien Minh, Do, Thao Thi, Phan, Kiem Van, Morita, Hiroyuki, Heinämäki, Jyrki, Raal, Ain, and Nguyen, Hoai Thi

Abstract

Six new chiro-inositol derivatives (1–6) were isolated from the leaves of Chisocheton paniculatuscollected in Vietnam. Their chemical structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS analyses. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. Compound 4exhibited potent inhibitory activity for NO production with an IC50value of 7.1 μM.

Published
2020
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45. Sleep Disorders Affecting Prognosis of Dental Treatment

Author

Colonna, Anna, Thomas, Davis C., Do, Thao Thi, and Manfredini, Daniele

Abstract

This study provided an overview of the knowledge on the main sleep-related disorders and conditions affecting the prognosis of dental treatment: sleep bruxism (SB), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Current scientific evidence seems to suggest that these phenomena (ie, SB, OSA, GERD) belong to a circle of mutually relating sleep disorders and conditions where dental practitioners can play a key role in diagnosis and treatment.

Published
2024
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46. Astrocytes Resist HIV-1 Fusion but Engulf Infected Macrophage Material

Author

Russell, Rebecca A., Chojnacki, Jakub, Jones, Daniel M., Johnson, Errin, Do, Thao, Eggeling, Christian, Padilla-Parra, Sergi, and Sattentau, Quentin J.

Abstract

HIV-1 disseminates to diverse tissues and establishes long-lived viral reservoirs. These reservoirs include the CNS, in which macrophage-lineage cells, and as suggested by many studies, astrocytes, may be infected. Here, we have investigated astrocyte infection by HIV-1. We confirm that astrocytes trap and internalize HIV-1 particles for subsequent release but find no evidence that these particles infect the cell. Astrocyte infection was not observed by cell-free or cell-to-cell routes using diverse approaches, including luciferase and GFP reporter viruses, fixed and live-cell fusion assays, multispectral flow cytometry, and super-resolution imaging. By contrast, we observed intimate interactions between HIV-1-infected macrophages and astrocytes leading to signals that might be mistaken for astrocyte infection using less stringent approaches. These results have implications for HIV-1 infection of the CNS, viral reservoir formation, and antiretroviral therapy.

Published
2017
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49. Cytotoxic Clerodane Diterpenoids from the Leaves of Casearia grewiifolia

Author

Nguyen, Ha T. T., Truong, Ngan B., Doan, Huong T. M., Litaudon, Marc, Retailleau, Pascal, Do, Thao T., Nguyen, Hung V., Chau, Minh V., and Pham, Cuong V.

Abstract

Two new clerodane diterpenoids (1and 2) and the known compound caseanigrescen D (3) were isolated from the leaves of Casearia grewiifoliaby bioassay-guided fractionation. Their structures were determined by analyses of MS and 2D NMR data. The absolute configurations of 1and 3were established by analysis of X-ray diffraction data. Compounds 1–3were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines, KB (mouth epidermal carcinoma cells), HepG-2 (human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells), LU-1 (human lung adenocarcinoma cells), and MCF-7 (human breast cancer cells). Caseagrewifolin B (2) had inhibitory activity against KB and HepG-2 cell lines with IC50values of 6.2 to 7.0 μM, respectively. When tested against the normal cells (NIH/3T3), caseagrewifolin B (2) exhibited a significant selective inhibition against cancer cells in comparison with the normal cells. Caseanigrescen D (3) was cytotoxic against four cancer cell lines; however it had no selective inhibition compared with normal cells.

Published
2015
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50. Cell-to-cell contact facilitates HIV transmission from lymphocytes to astrocytes via CXCR4

Author

Li, Guan-Han, Anderson, Caroline, Jaeger, Laura, Do, Thao, Major, Eugene O., and Nath, Avindra

Abstract

HIV reservoir in the brain represents a major barrier for curing HIV infection. As the most abundant, long-lived cell type, astrocytes play a critical role in maintaining the reservoir; however, the mechanism of infection remains unknown. Here, we determine how viral transmission occurs from HIV-infected lymphocytes to astrocytes by cell-to-cell contact.

Published
2015
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