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Objective: The objective of this study is to study the adjunct role of combining DNA aneuploidy analysis with radial endobronchial ultrasound (R‐EBUS)‐guided sampling for diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions (PPLs). Method: A single‐center prospective study was conducted in patients undergoing R‐EBUS‐guided sampling for PPLs. DNA image cytometry (DNA‐ICM) was used to analyze DNA aneuploidy in bronchial washing from the bronchial segment of the PPL. Clinical information, R‐EBUS data, pathology, DNA‐ICM results, and follow‐up data were analyzed. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for R‐EBUS‐guided sampling, DNA‐ICM, and the two methods combined were measured. Binary logistic regression was performed to determine influencing factors on diagnostic positivity rate. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the optimal cutoff point for DNA‐ICM. Results: A total of 101 patients were enrolled. Sixty‐four (63.4%) patients had confirmed malignant tumor, of whom 33 were confirmed by R‐EBUS‐guided sampling (biopsy and/or bronchial brush and wash cytology), and 31 by surgery or percutaneous lung biopsy. Thirty‐seven patients were finally considered to have benign lesions, based on clinical information and 1‐year follow‐up. The sensitivity for malignant disease was 51.6% by R‐EBUS, and specificity was 100%. DNA‐ICM had a sensitivity of 67.2% and a specificity of 86.5%. When combining the two methods, sensitivity increased to 78.1% and specificity was 86.5%. Lesion size and whether the R‐EBUS probe was located in the lesion were significantly associated with positivity rate of the combined methods. The optimal cutoff point for DNA‐ICM was 5c for max DNA content, and 1 for aneuploid cell count (sensitivity 67.2%, specificity 86.5%, accuracy 63.4%). Conclusion: In malignant PPLs, DNA‐ICM combined with R‐EBUS‐guided sampling can improve diagnostic positivity compared with either method alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Oral cancer screening can assist in the early detection of oral potentially malignant lesions (OPMLs) and prevention of oral cancers. It can be challenging for clinicians to differentiate OPMLs from benign conditions. Adjunct screening tools such as fluorescence visualisation (FV) and DNA image cytometry (DNA‐ICM) have shown success in identifying OPMLs in high‐risk clinics. For the first time we aimed to assess these technologies in Indian rural settings and evaluate if these tools helped clinicians identify high‐risk lesions during screening. Methods: Dental students and residents screened participants in five screening camps held in villages outside of Hyderabad, India, using extraoral, intraoral, and FV examinations. Lesion and normal tissue brushings were collected for DNA‐ICM analysis and cytology. Results: Of the 1116 participants screened, 184 lesions were observed in 152 participants. Based on white light examination (WLE), 45 lesions were recommended for biopsy. Thirty‐five were completed on site; 25 (71%) were diagnosed with low‐grade dysplasias (17 mild, 8 moderate) and the remaining 10 showed no signs of dysplasia. FV loss was noted in all but one dysplastic lesion and showed a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 17%. Cytology combined with DNA‐ICM had a sensitivity of 64% and specificity of 86% in detecting dysplasia. Conclusion: DNA‐ICM combined with cytology identified the majority of dysplastic lesions and identified additional lesions, which were not considered high‐risk during WLE and biopsy on site. Efforts to follow‐up with these participants are ongoing. FV identified most high‐risk lesions but added limited value over WLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To elucidate whether DNA aneuploidy was an independent discriminator for carcinoma within oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), and further establish and validate a risk model based on DNA aneuploidy for the detection of oral cancer. Methods: A total of 810 consecutive patients with OPMD were prospectively enrolled from March 2013 to December 2018, and divided into a training set (n = 608) and a test set (n = 202). Brushing and biopsy samples from each patient were processed by DNA-DNA image cytometry and histopathological examination, respectively. Results: DNA aneuploidy of an outside DNA index ≥ 3.5 in OPMD was an independent marker strongly associated with malignant risk [adjusted odds ratio: 13.04; 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.46–31.14]. In the training and test sets, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.82–0.91) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.57–0.97), respectively, for detecting carcinoma in OPMD patients. The independent risk factors of lateral/ventral tongue and non-homogenous type combined with a risk model built with a multivariate logistic regression revealed a more favorable diagnostic efficacy associated with the training set (AUC: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.91–0.96) and test set (AUC: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90–0.98). The sensitivity and specificity of carcinoma detection within OPMD was improved to 100% and 88.1%, respectively. Conclusions: This large-scale diagnostic study established a risk model based on DNA aneuploidy that consisted of a noninvasive strategy with lateral/ventral tongue and non-homogenous features. The results showed favorable diagnostic efficacy for detecting carcinoma within OPMD, irrespective of the clinical and pathological diagnoses of OPMD. Multicenter validation and longitudinal studies are warranted to evaluate community practices and clinical applications.

• Of the 18 canine malignant tumor cell lines examined, 15 showed aneuploidy. • Of the 15 aneuploid cell lines, 5 showed centrosome amplification (CA). • DNA aneuploidy in canine tumor cells might be partly due to CA. DNA aneuploidy, the altered DNA content of a cell, is a common feature of canine tumors. However, it is unclear whether aneuploid DNA in canine tumor cells show centrosome amplification (CA), which contributes to numerical and structural chromosome aberrations that result in DNA aneuploidy. Here, we evaluated whether DNA aneuploidy and CA occur concurrently in canine tumor cell lines. Centrosome numbers were evaluated in 18 canine tumor cell lines by immunocytochemistry with anti-γ-tubulin antibody, and DNA content was evaluated by flow cytometry using propidium iodide. A total of 15 cell lines showed DNA aneuploidy, and CA was observed in 5 of these 15 cell lines. Together, our results suggest that DNA aneuploidy in canine tumor cells might be explained at least in part by CA. In addition, cell lines with CA may be useful tools to examine the detailed relationship between CA and DNA aneuploidy and the molecular mechanism of CA in canine tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral Submucosal Fibrosis (OSF) and Oral Leukoplakia (OLK) are well-known oral potentially malignant disorders, and cases of Oral Submucosal Fibrosis concomitant Oral Leukoplakia (OSF+OLK) are now being reported clinically. DNA image cytometry is an objective and non-invasive method for monitoring the risk of precancerous lesions in the oral cavity. Methods: A total of 111 patients with clinically characterized oral mucosal lesions underwent simultaneous and independent histopathological and DNA imaging cytometry assessments. Clinical data were also collected for each patient. Results: The frequency of DNA content abnormality was higher in the tongue than in other oral sites (P = 0.003) for OLK. The frequency of DNA content abnormality was higher in the tongue than in other oral sites (P = 0.035) for OSF+OLK. The differences of DNA content abnormality in age, sex, dietary habit, smoking, and alcohol intake were not observed in OLK and OSF+OLK. The study indicates an association between DNA content abnormality and pathological examination in OSF+OLK ( χ 2 test, P = 0.007). OLK showed higher sensitivity and specificity than OSF, while the sensitivity and specificity of OSF+OLK are higher than OLK only and OSF only. Conclusion: DNA image cytometry can be utilized as an adjunctive device for the initial detection of oral potentially malignant disorders that require further clinical management., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists., (© The author(s).)

Objectives DNA aneuploidy has been reported to be a predictor of poor prognosis in both premalignant and malignant lesions. In oral lichen planus ( OLP), this hypothesis remains to be proved. This study aimed to determine the rate of occurrence of DNA aneuploidy in patients with OLP by high-resolution DNA flow cytometry. Methods Patients with OLP were consecutively enrolled. Tissue samples were subdivided for formalin fixation and routine histological assessment and for immediate storage at −20°C for later DNA ploidy analysis, which was performed by DAPI staining of the extracted nuclei and excitation with a UV lamp. The DNA aneuploid sublines were characterized by the DNA Index. Results A DNA aneuploid status was observed in two of 77 patients with OLP (2.6%). When considering the clinical aspect of the OLP lesions, both DNA aneuploid cases had a reticular clinical aspect. Conclusions DNA aneuploidy is an uncommon event in OLP and less frequent compared to other non-dysplastic and non- OLP oral potentially malignant disorders. The extremely low rate of DNA aneuploidy could represent an occasional finding or reflect the low rate of malignant transformation observed in patients with OLP even if the real prognostic value of DNA ploidy analysis in patients with OLP remains to be confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In breast carcinoma (BC), the relationship between the ploidy pattern and molecular subtyping is still unknown. We aim to investigate the prognostic impact of DNA ploidy within molecular subtypes of a large cohort of BC patients. The series involved 520 BC patients with no neoadjuvant therapy and a median follow-up of 115.5 months. Immunohistochemical assessment of hormonal receptors, ERBB2 (HER2) status and Ki67 proliferative activity was the basis of the surrogate molecular subtyping. Ploidy was evaluated by DNA flow cytometry in fresh/frozen tumour samples. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival estimation was used for prognostic statistical analysis. Luminal A subtype had the lowest prevalence of disease recurrences (23.6 %) and deaths from disease (18.3 %), while Luminal B (42.2 %/37.9 %), Triple-negative (46.4 %/40.6 %), and HER2-positive (55.9 %/50.0 %) subtypes had the highest. The Triple-positive subtype shows an intermediate/low frequency of adverse events (29.4 % of disease recurrences and 17.6 % of deaths from disease). Luminal A tumours were mostly diploid (55.3 %), while Triple-negative and HER2-positive tumours showed a high incidence of aneuploidy (82.6 % and 88.2 %, respectively). Luminal B and Triple-positive tumours had an intermediate percentage of aneuploidy (63.8 % and 70.6 %, respectively). K-M survival curves showed that DNA aneuploidy is significantly associated with shorter disease-free survival and overall survival in Luminal A and Luminal B molecular subtypes. DNA aneuploidy identifies a subset of Luminal BC patients with worse clinical outcome, potentially eligible for more aggressive adjuvant therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral and pharyngeal cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, the 5-year survival rate has not yet increased. A key factor in rates not having improved is the lack of early detection. This study was undertaken to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of brush biopsy with DNA-image cytometry (a noninvasive method) for potentially malignant oral disorders compared with tissue biopsy pathology in China. Exfoliative cells were obtained using a cytobrush cell collector from oral mucosa of 52 subjects, followed by scalpel biopsy from the same region. Nuclear DNA contents (ploidy) were measured after Feulgen restaining, using an automated DNA image cytometer. Exfoliative cytology with DNA-image cytometry and histopathological diagnosis were performed separately at different institutions. Histological investigation was considered the gold standard. We reported that the sensitivity of DNA aneuploidy for the detection of cancer cells in potentially malignant oral disorders was 86.36 %, its specificity was 90.00 %, its positive predictive value was 86.36 %, and its negative predictive value was 90.00 %. Brush biopsy with DNA-image cytometry is a useful method for monitoring potentially malignant oral disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biological characteristics of cancers depend mostly on genetic alterations in the cancer cells of individuals. Gastric cancers show a high frequency of DNA aneuploidy, a phenotype of chromosomal instability. Compared to diploid tumors, gastric carcinomas with aneuploidy have been shown to have high proliferative activity and high metastatic or invasive potential; these characteristics lead to a poor prognosis. It has been suggested that an abnormal spindle assembly checkpoint is involved in DNA aneuploidy, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. This review, in order to determine whether gastric carcinomas that display aneuploidy are associated with a poorer prognosis than diploid tumors, and to discuss the biological mechanisms that induce aneuploidy, summarizes the results of studies on DNA ploidy in gastric cancer published in the English literature. Analysis of DNA ploidy in gastric cancer may provide clinically useful information from diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic standpoints. Further investigations may be needed to clarify the relationship between chromosome instability and DNA ploidy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Oral fields of visually normal and non-dysplastic mucosa (ODFs) may represent the precursors of oral potentially malignant lesions (OPMLs). Aim of the study was to provide new evidence for the concept of the 'field carcinogenesis' model by comparing the ODF and OPML genomic aberration profiles obtained by high resolution DNA flow cytometry (hr DNA-FCM) and array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization (a-CGH). A second aim was to investigate if specific CGH aberrations were associated with DNA aneuploidy. Methods: Nineteen patients with single OPMLs were recruited for the study. In parallel with obtaining samples of OPML tissue from 11 leukoplakias without dysplasia (nd-OPMLs) and 8 with dysplasia (d-OPMLs), we also obtained samples from distant ODFs. DNA aneuploid nuclei detected by hr DNA-FCM were physically separated, based on DNA content, from the DNA diploid components with a DNA-FCM-Sorter. These relatively pure subpopulations of epithelial nuclei were then submitted to DNA extraction and a-CGH for a genome-wide analysis of DNA copy number aberrations (CNAs). Results: The frequencies of DNA aneuploidy (DI ≠ 1) among ODFs and OPMLs were respectively 5.3% and 32%. The DI aneuploid values of ODFs and nd-OPMLs were all near-diploid (DI ≠ 1 and DI ≤ 1.4), while for d-OPMLs were high-aneuploid (DI > 1.4) in 40% of the cases. CNA averages were 1.9 in ODFs and 6.5 in OPMLs. The gain of the chromosomal region 20q13.33-qter was observed in 37% of both ODFs and corresponding OPMLs. Additional common regions included 7p22.2-pter, 11p15.5-pter and 16p13.3-pter where gains were observed. Furthermore, gains of 20q13.31-q13.33 and of 5p13.33-pter and loss of 9p21.3 were detected at high frequency (respectively, at 62.5%, 50% and 50%) only in d-OPMLs. In particular, loss at 9p21.3, gain at 5p13.33-pter and gain of 20q13.31-q13.33 were associated with DNA aneuploidy ( p = 0.00004; p = 0.0005; p = 0.01). Conclusions: ODFs and OPMLs showed common CNAs in specific chromosomal regions suggesting that they may represent early events of the natural history of oral carcinogenesis according to the field effect cancerization and may contribute to the ODF-OPML transition. In addition, loss at 9p21.3 and gains at 5p13.33-pter and 20q13.31-q13.33 may contribute to DNA aneuploidization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: FIGO stage, tumor grade, depth of myometrial invasion, lymph-vascular space status and lymph node status are the most important clinical-pathological prognostic variables for endometrioid-type endometrial carcinoma. In the last years, several investigations have assessed different biological variables in tissue and serum samples from patients with this malignancy in order to detect biomarkers able to predict the clinical outcome. The present paper reviewed the literature data about the prognostic relevance of mutational status and/or immunohistochemical expression of p53, PTEN, PIK3, mTOR, β-catenin, k-ras and RASSF1A, microsatellite instability, vascular endothelial growth factor expression, DNA aneuploidy, and serum assay of CA125 and other tumor associated antigens. Tissue and serum biomarkers could be used, in addition to the conventional clinical-pathological variables, for the stratification of patients into categories with different risk of recurrence to better tailor adjuvant treatment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Oral potentially malignant lesions (OPMLs) with dysplasia and aneuploidy are thought to have a high risk of progression into oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Non-dysplastic “oral distant fields” (ODFs), characterized by clinically normal appearing mucosa sited at a distance from co-existing OPMLs, and non-dysplastic OPMLs may also represent an early pre-cancerous state. ODFs, OPMLs without and with dysplasia and OSCCs were investigated by high resolution DNA content flow cytometry (FCM). ODFs and OPMLs without dysplasia were DNA aneuploid respectively in 7/82 (8.5%) and 25/109 (23%) cases. “True normal oral mucosa” and human lymphocytes from healthy donors were DNA diploid in all cases and were used as sex specific DNA diploid controls. Dysplastic OPMLs and OSCCs were DNA aneuploid in 12/26 (46%) and 12/13 (92%) cases. The DNA aneuploid sublines were characterized by the DNA Index (DI≠1). Aneuploid sublines in ODFs and in non-dysplastic and dysplastic OPMLs were near-diploid (DI<1.4) respectively in all, 2/3 and 1/3 of the cases. DNA aneuploid OSCCs, instead, were characterized prevalently by multiple aneuploid sublines (67%), which were commonly (57%) high-aneuploid (DI≥1.4). DNA near-diploid aneuploid sublines in ODFs and OPMLs appear as early events of the oral carcinogenesis in agreement with the concept of field effect. Near-diploid aneuploidization is likely to reflect mechanisms of loss of symmetry in the chromosome mitotic division. High DNA aneuploid and multiple sublines in OPMLs with dysplasia and OSCCs suggest, instead, mechanisms of “endoreduplication” of diploid and near-diploid aneuploid cells and chromosomal loss. High resolution DNA FCM seems to enable the separation of subsequent progression steps of the oral carcinogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the value of detection of DNA aneuploidy in exfoliated airway epithelia cells of sputum specimens by the automated image cytometry for the identification of lung cancer, 100 patients were divided into patient group (50 patients with lung cancer) and control group (30 patients with tuberculosis and 20 healthy people). Sputum was obtained for the quantitative analysis of DNA content of exfoliated airway epithelial cells with the automated image cytometry, together with the examinations of brush cytology and conventional sputum cytology. Our results showed that DNA aneuploidy (DI>2.5 or 5c) was found in 20 out of 50 sputum samples of lung cancer, 1 out of 30 sputum samples from tuberculosis patients, and none of 20 sputum samples from healthy people. The positive rates of conventional sputum cytology and brush cytology were 16% and 32%, which was lower than that of DNA aneuploidy detection by the automated image cytometry ( P<0. 01, P>0.05). Our study showed that automated image cytometry, which uses DNA aneuploidy as a marker for tumor, can detect the malignant cells in sputum samples of lung cancer and it is a sensitive and specific method serving as a complement for the diagnosis of lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis have an increased risk of developing carcinoma both in the bile ducts and in the colon. PURPOSE: To investigate whether this patient group also has an increased risk of developing atrophy and neoplasia in the ileal pouch mucosa after construction of a pelvic pouch with an ileoanal anastomosis or a continent Kock ileostomy. METHODS: Flexible video endoscopic examinations of the ileal pouch were performed in 16 patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis and in 16 matched patients with ulcerative colitis without sclerosing cholangitis. Biopsies were sampled from different locations in the pouch for histologic assessment of mucosal atrophy and dysplasia and for flow cytometric DNA analysis assessing chromosomal aberrations. RESULTS: The patients with sclerosing cholangitis developed moderate or severe atrophy in the pouch significantly more often (P < 0.01). Persistent severe mucosal atrophy was revealed in eight patients with sclerosing cholangitis and only in two controls. One patient with sclerosing cholangitis had high-grade dysplasia in multiple locations. Low-grade dysplasia was assessed in three patients with sclerosing cholangitis and in two of the controls. DNA aneuploidy was displayed in three patients, all with sclerosing cholangitis and dysplasia. All patients with neoplastic transformation had a pouch with ileoanal anastomosis and a long pouch duration (> 8 years). CONCLUSION: Patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis with an ileal reservoir are more prone to developing mucosal atrophy in the pouch and seem to have a higher risk of neoplastic transformation in the pouch mucosa than patients with ulcerative colitis without sclerosing cholangitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We analyzed the histological features and DNA flow cytometric results in 34 patients with pheochromocytoma and paragangliomas and attempted correlation with the biological behavior for determination of the malignant potential of these tumors. Methods: DNA analysis was done on a FACSort flow cytometer using paraffin-embedded tissues. Histopathological analysis was performed using parameters, i.e., cell size (large, medium, and small), cell size variation, mitotic rate, nuclear pleomorphism, golden yellow to brown pigment in the tumor, necrosis, and venous invasion. Results: Six tumors had high (>5/10HPF) mitotic rate while venous invasion was seen in three tumors. Fifty percent (18/34) of patients had aneuploid tumors, and 68% (23/34) of patients had high (>10%) S-phase fraction tumors. Aneuploidy correlated with >5/10HPF mitotic rate ( P < .05) and diploidy with golden yellow to brown pigment ( P < .01). The patients with aneuploid tumor had a worse prognosis than patients with diploid tumors ( P = .004). No such difference was observed with low and high S-phase fractions ( P = .748), presence and absence of venous invasion ( P = .927), and mitotic rate ( P = .159). Nuclear pleomorphism and necrosis were not significant factors in prognosis. Conclusions:Flow cytometric DNA analysis of paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas correlated with biological behavior in the patients with regard to metastasis and overall survival in the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inactivation of the p53 gene plays a key role in tumour biology, probably through a disturbed cell cycle control and an increased genetic instability in p53-inactivated tumours. To learn more about the relationship between p53 alterations, proliferation and genetic instability (DNA aneuploidy) in lung cancer patients, specimens of 220 surgically resected lung carcinomas with clinical follow-up information were examined by immunohistochemistry (p53; CM1) and flow cytometry. Nuclear p53 positivity--found in 49.5% of the tumours--was associated with both high S-phase fraction (SPF) and DNA ploidy aberrations. SPF was higher in p53-positive tumours (15.9 +/- 10.2) than in p53-negative tumours (10.3 +/- 8.7; P = 0.03). The rate of p53 positivity was higher in 101 DNA-aneuploid and DNA-multiploid tumours (55%) than in 27 diploid and peridiploid carcinomas (33%; P = 0.0512). These results are consistent with an in vivo role of p53 inactivation for increased proliferative activity and development of genomic instability in lung cancer. There was no association between SPF and prognosis. Although prognosis was worse in DNA-aneuploid and multiploid tumours than in diploid, peridiploid and tetraploid carcinomas (P = 0.029), DNA ploidy was not an independent predictor of poor prognosis in multivariate analysis. These data show that DNA-flow cytometry has little prognostic value for patients with resected non-small-cell lung carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study bone marrow samples from 573 patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid (AML) and lymphoblastic or undifferentiated leukemias (ALL/AUL), were analysed for their cellular DNA und DNA/RNA content, respectively, by means of flow cytometry. From 237 patients with AML 35.4% revealed aneuploid DNA stemlines. While no relation of DNA aneuploidy with other pretherapeutic parameters, including FAB subtype, white blood cell count, lactate dehydrogenase, S-phase index and percentage of blasts in the bone marrow, was observed, cases with aneuploid DNA stemlines revealed a tendency towards longer remission duration. In ALL/AUL 21.8% of 280 patients expressed DNA aneuploidies, which were less frequently found in T-cell ALL (11.1%) as compared to common(C)-ALL (21.4%) or null-cell(null)-ALL (23.5%). DNA aneuploidy was not related with other clinically defined risk factors such as age, white blood cell count, and rapid achievement of remission. Patients with DNA indices <1.0, however, tended to have shorter remissions. A significant difference in RNA indices was observed between AML and ALL/AUL with median values of 14.4 and 10.1, respectively ( P<0.05). These data indicate the usefulness of flow cytometric analyses of cellular DNA and RNA content for the characterization and classification of acute leukemias, complementing the identification of clinical risk factors, immuno-phenotyping and cytogenetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fourteen human thyroid tumors were studied with F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) imaging. The proliferative activity and DNA ploidy of the tumors was assessed by DNA flow cytometry. FDG accumulated in a Hürthle cell carcinoma, an anaplastic carcinoma and a thyroid lymphoma, but only slightly or not at all in the three papillary carcinomas studied. Three of the eight benign tumors also accumulated FDG, but two of these were selected for imaging because of a large number of proliferating cells in DNA flow cytometry. Two carcinomas with increased nuclear DNA content retained FDG, but a histologically benign follicular adenoma with DNA aneuploidy did not. We conclude that in addition to malignant thyroid tumors, histologically benign tumors may also accumulate FDG, and therefore the value of FDG scanning in the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid malignancy is limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to assess the presence of DNA aneuploidy and mucosal dysplasia, respectively, in 63 patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis.The DNA content in colonic biopsies was investigated, using a flow cytometry method, and compared with conventional histology. Patients were subsequently followed each or every second year with colonoscopy and histology. A second flow cytometry examination to monitor the DNA pattern was performed after 10 years.Initially, abnormal DNA pattern (i.e., aneuploidy) was found in 13/63 (21 percent) patients. The colonic mucosa was flat in 10, polypoid in 1, and tumor infiltrated in 2. Eight of the 10 aneuploid cases with a flat mucosa showed no signs of histologic dysplasia. In one of two cases with simultaneous aneuploidy and low-grade dysplasia, a carcinoma Dukes B was found at subsequent colectomy. On the other hand, dysplasia (one low grade and one high grade) without aneuploidy was found in two patients at the initial investigation. After 10 years, 13 had been colectomized, 11 had died (7 noncolitis related), and 3 were lost to follow-up. In the remaining 36 living patients with intact colorectum, no case of histologic dysplasia, but 6 cases of DNA aneuploidy were discovered at the initial investigation. Of the six aneuploid cases, one was later reclassified as diploid and one consisted of an aneuploid adenomatous polyp (removed by polypectomy). At follow-up 10 years later, 3/4 of the other aneuploid cases showed repeated abnormal DNA pattern, now together with histologic low-grade dysplasia (in flat colon mucosa). The 30 patients with initially normal DNA patterns were all still diploid at reexamination 10 years later, but 2 now revealed low-grade dysplasia histologically.DNA aneuploidy in chronic ulcerative colitis seems to be stable and it may precede histologic dysplasia by many years. It appears to be an additional marker for detecting neoplastic transformation in ulcerative colitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a follow-up study of an epidemiologically defined patient group comprising 1,274 patients with ulcerative colitis diagnosed in Stockholm County during 1955-1979, 55 patients had undergone colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (IRA). Nine of these were found to have Crohn's disease after histopathologic review of the colectomy specimens. Of the 46 patients with ulcerative colitis remaining for evaluation, two died postoperatively. Twenty-five patients were subsequently reoperated with rectal excision owing to intractable inflammatory activity (n=22, one postoperative death) or owing to dysplasia (n=3). Of 19 patients with their IRA still intact at time of follow-up, 15 patients (median disease duration 23 years) had a flexible sigmoidoscopy with multiple biopsies performed. The average length of the remaining rectum and sigmoid colon was 26 cm. No patient had findings of dysplasia, carcinoma, or DNA aneuploidy. None of the four remaining patients had developed dysplasia or carcinoma at the time of the latest regular rigid sigmoidoscopy. The risk of malignant transformation in this selected group of patients with ulcerative colitis operated upon with colectomy and IRA derived from an epidemiologically defined population seems to be low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A patient with an 18-year history of ulcerative colitis was operated on with colectomy, mucosal proctectomy, ileoanal anastomosis, and an S-type pelvic pouch due to intractable chronic continuous disease. The patient was followed by endoscopic controls and biopsy sampling from the pouch at regular intervals. A gradual development of severe atrophy in the ileal mucosa was followed by the development of low grade dysplasia. At the most recent endoscopic control, 4 years after the construction of the pouch, biopsies were sampled also for flow cytometric DNA analyses. DNA aneuploidy was detected in a biopsy from the center of the pouch, and a biopsy taken immediately adjacent showed low grade dysplasia. These findings underline the importance of endoscopic follow-up after construction of a pelvic pouch and focus attention to the potential of malignant transformation of the mucosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flow cytometric DNA analysis was performed on the colonic adenomas of 24 patients who had resection of an invasive colorectal carcinoma subsequent to polypectomy. The incidence of DNA aneuploidy among these adenomas was only 13 percent. Thus, simple recognition of colonic adenomas as being DNA diploid or DNA aneuploid is unlikely to be helpful for identifying patients with adenoma who are at high risk for developing a future colorectal carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Differential diagnosis between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) becomes a challenge when adequate biopsy is unavailable. The present study aimed to investigate the applicability of DNA cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry (FC) for differentiating between CD10 + DLBCL and FL., Methods: Data were collected from 57 specimens where CD5 - /CD10 + /light chain restricted B cells were detected. DNA staining was performed using the Coulter DNA Prep Kit. Cell cycle fractions were evaluated by automatic analysis using the ModFit LT software., Results: Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of CD10 + FL in 30 specimens (52.6%), CD10 + DLBCL in 24 specimens (42.1%), and CD10 + Burkitt lymphoma in 3 specimens (5.3%). A significantly higher rate of DNA aneuploidy was detected among CD10 + DLBCL than FL specimens (50 vs. 13.3% respectively, p = .003). Likewise, DNA index was significantly higher in CD10 + DLBCL relative to FL (1.26 ± 0.35 vs. 1.04 ± 0.16 respectively, p = .004). Notably, the proportion of cells in the S-phase and proliferative fraction was significantly higher in CD10 + DLBCL than in CD10 + FL (S-phase: 15.97 ± 13.94 vs. 4.43 ± 4.41 mean ± SD, respectively, p < .0001; proliferative fraction: 18.87 ± 15.17 vs. 5.78 ± 7.04 mean ± SD, respectively, p = .0001). Using a receiver operating characteristic analysis, optimal cutoffs for S-phase ≥7% and proliferative fraction ≥9% were determined. These values could be used to differentiate between CD10 + DLBCL and CD10 + FL., Conclusion: Including DNA cell cycle analysis in the FC lymphoma assessment panel may be of diagnostic value in differentiating between CD10+ DLBCL and FL when adequate biopsy is unavailable., (© 2019 International Clinical Cytometry Society.)

DNA-aneuploidy cytology as a promising noninvasive tool in diagnosing oral precancer and cancer has been proposed in 2015. In this letter, we identified 9 studies on DNA aneuploidy cytology with special emphasis on using fresh tissue sample in detection of oral precancer and cancer. Evidence was updated as follows, for detection of OSCC in general oral lesions, the pooled sensitivity and specificity was 84.8 and 99.0 respectively; for discrimination of dysplasia and OSCC form oral lesions, the sensitivity and specificity was 75.7 and 76.8 respectively. On the whole, current evidence on the theme is not robust, and multicenter prospective studies are needed to consolidate the evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]