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Relevance.The search for new methods of effective therapy for traumatic brain injury is one of the important tasks of modern biomedicine. One promising approach for treating traumatic brain injury is cell therapy. The aim of the work is to study the therapeutic effect of glial progenitor cells derived from induced pluripotent stromal cells in an experimental model of traumatic brain injury.Materials and Methods.Modeling of traumatic brain injury was carried out on mature male Wistar rats. The therapeutic group was administered asingle dose of 750*103cells/ml glial progenitor cells with avolume of 1 ml, and the control group — 1 ml of phosphate-­buffered saline. Administration was carried out intra-­arterially 24 hours after injury. To analyze the therapeutic effectiveness, an MRI study was performed on the 14th day, as well as alimb-placing test on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days. Histological examination was carried out on days 1, 3 and 7 after administration to assess the migration and distribution of stained cells (concentration 750*103cells/ml) by lipophilic dye PKH26 (Sigma, USA) at the rat’s brain tissues after traumatic brain injury. Measurements of injury volume and counts of PKH26-stained cells were performed using ImageJ software (Wayne Rasband, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). The statistical analysis was carried out using GraphPad Prism 8.2.0 program (GraphPad Software, Inc., USA).Results and Discussion.Administration of GPCs led to decreasing the damage volume. Significant decrease in sensorimotor deficit was observed on days 3, 7 and 14 after injury compared with the control group. Intra-arterial administration resulted in successful delivery of glial progenitor cells to brain tissue. Cells were detected in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum on day 1, and were not observed on days 3 and 7 after administration.Conclusion.Intra-arterial administration of GPCs leads to efficient migration of cells into brain tissue. Glial progenitor cells therapy promotes neurorecovery processes after traumatic brain injury. This therapy is apromising treatment for traumatic brain injury.

Relevance. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious medical problem and one of the leading causes of disability and mortality among military personnel and civilians. It is known that about 1.5 million people in the world die from TBI every year, while about 2.5–3 million lose work capacity. In Russia, one million people are diagnosed with TBI every year, among which one in five gets group I or II disability. Despite significant efforts in research, effective TBI treatment methods are still limited, as TBI leads to a wide range of pathological changes in brain tissues. Primary brain damage is an acute and irreversible mechanical damage to the parenchyma of the nervous tissue. Among subsequent secondary processes are excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, axon degeneration, and neuroinflammation. These processes are often long and can take from several days to several years. Recent advances in cell therapy are opening up new perspectives for the treatment of this condition. The current review examines the main cellular mechanisms of TBI acute and chronic phases, as well as the treatment prospects for the use of stem cells for. Analysis of recent studies on the use of cell therapy in TBI is presented. Various types of stem cells such as neural stem cells, mesenchymal stromal cells and others are considered in the context of their potential to repair damaged brain tissues. Special attention is paid to the cells action mechanisms in the regeneration process, including their effect on inflammation, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. The issue of using paracrine factors secreted by stem cells as a potential drug for traumatic brain injuries treatment is addressed. Conclusion. Сell therapy, as well as the use of products secreted by cells, is one of the new and promising ways of treating TBI.