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Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью оценки уровня воздействия крупного целлюлозно-бумажного предприятия, расположенного к северу от г. Сыктывкара, на основе экохимического анализа зимних атмосферных осадков (снега), продемонстрировать целесообразность применения такого подхода в экологических исследованиях. Цель: показать динамику аэротехногенной нагрузки на территорию вблизи АО «Монди СЛПК» по данным о химическом составе снежного покрова за период мониторинга. Объекты: образцы снежного покрова, отобранные в зоне воздействия предприятия и на условно фоновых территориях. Методы: снегосъемка с использованием трансект на постоянных пунктах отбора проб, применение аналитических методов согласно руководству по контролю загрязнения атмосферы (РД 52.04.186-89), картографические методы оценки распространения загрязнения в снежном покрове с использованием метода интерполяции (метод обратных взвешенных расстояний), применение алгебры карт для расчета площадей зон воздействия. Результаты. Представлены результаты экохимического мониторинга снежного покрова в зоне воздействия выбросов АО «Монди СЛПК» за многолетний период. Дана общая характеристика распределения компонентов выбросов относительно источника эмиссии. Мониторинг снежного покрова в импактной зоне предприятия позволил провести анализ динамики аэротехногенной нагрузки. Результаты расчета поступления веществ на территорию предприятия в 2019 г. показали наиболее низкий уровень загрязнения снежного покрова за весь период наблюдений, 66 % относительно объемов 2002 г. Отмечено снижение поступления загрязнителей, начиная с 2016 г. после реконструкции предприятия. Концентрации примесей в талой воде за пределами санитарно-защитной зоны не превышали санитарно-гигиенических нормативов. По данным мониторинга снежного покрова показан тренд к снижению аэрогенного воздействия. The relevance of the research is caused by the need to assess the level of impact of a large pulp and paper enterprise located north of the Ezhvinsky district of Syktyvkar on the basis of ecochemical analysis of winter precipitation (snow), to show the feasibility of using this approach in environmental studies. The main aim is to show the dynamics of the aerotechnogenic load on the territory near the Syktyvkar timber industry complex based on the data on snow cover chemical composition during the monitoring period. Objects: snowpack samples, selected in the zone of influence of emissions of Mondi Syktyvkar JSC and conditionally background areas. Methods: snow survey using transect, adhering to constant sampling points, application of analytical methods according to the air pollution control manual (GD 52.04.186-89), cartographic methods for estimating the spread of pollution in the snow cover using the interpolation method (inverse weighted distance method), application of map algebra for calculating the areas of impact zones. Results. The authors present the results of ecochemical monitoring of snow cover in the zone of aerotechnogenic impact of emissions Mondi Syktyvkar JSC for a multi-year period. A general description of the distribution of individual components of emissions relative to the emission center is given. Long-term monitoring of snow cover in the impact and sanitary protection zones of the enterprise allowed us to analyze the dynamics of the aerotechnogenic load on the territory. The results of the calculation of the modules of substances entering the territory of the enterprise in 2019 showed the lowest level of contamination of the snow cover for the entire observation period, 66 % compared to the volumes of 2002. A significant decrease in the content of components in the snow was noted, starting in 2016 after the reconstruction of the enterprise. Samples of snowmelt water outside the territory of the sanitary protection zone do not exceed the sanitary and hygienic standards for fisheries reservoirs for all components. In general, based on the results of ecochemical monitoring of snow cover, the trend towards reducing the aerogenic impact of the enterprise on the adjacent territory is shown.

The environmental state of soil-plant systems under the condition of technogenic pressure has been demonstrated on the example of the social significant territory in the city of Moscow – the campus of the RUDN University. The assessment is based on the analyses of the environmental fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in soil, roots and aerial parts of plants of bluegrass meadow: Naphthalene (Naph), Fluorene (Fluorene), Phenanthrene (Phen), Anthracene (An), Fluoranthene (Flu), Pyrene (Py), Chrysene (Chr), Benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), Benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbFlu), Benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkFlu), Benzo[ghi]perylene (Bghi), Indeno[1, 2, 3-cd[pyrene (IP), Dibenzo[a, h]anthracene (DBa). These pollutants are considered as geochemical markers and reflect quite detailed the integral state of soil-plant systems. As a result, the zones with relative prosperous and with critical state are identified. The connection between physicochemical characteristics (log Kow) of pollutants and their accumulation activity (concentration coefficients) is confirmed.

Soil organic matter (SOM) in boreal forest ecosystems can be strongly transformed by fires which, in turn, can affect soil physical and biological properties such as water repellency and nutrient cycling. The article contains the results of a study on SOM content in fire-affected lichen pine forests of the middle taiga subzone of the European part of Russia (Komi Republic). Soils which survived surface fires 2, 10, 16 years ago and unburned area were studied. We investigated changes in SOM composition using 13C NMR spectroscopy, and we measured water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) content, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations, and contact angles of water droplets on soils. Forest fires increased pyrogenic organic carbon content and also largely transformed SOM composition. 13C NMR spectroscopy showed that the SOM composition of densimetric fractions in pyrogenic and unburned soil greatly differs. Fires increased the aromatic content in SOM composition of light fractions. The highest amount of aromatic carbon probably pyrogenic origin accumulated in fractions of free and occluded organic matter. According to 13C NMR spectroscopy, the aromatic component of organic matter increased in the pyrogenic horizons. The strongest PAHs concentrations occurred in the fractions of free particulate and occluded organic matter, in reference and fire-affected soils. The presence of PAHs in light densimetric fractions may serve as markers of past fire and fire intensity. In the initial years after fire, there was a decrease in the content of WSOC compounds; however, the WSOC content recovered with the recovery of ground vegetation. Our results showed that the greatest changes of contact angles were in upper pyrogenic soil horizons, whereas fires did not modify the contact angle value of lower mineral horizons.