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BACKGROUND: Effective anesthesia is one of the most important factors in rapid and successful rehabilitation after surgery. Inadequately selected analgesia and consequent pain significantly slow down the recovery process and are associated with several complications that cover almost all organs and systems and reduce the patients quality of life in the long term. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze 6 years of clinical experience with perioperative epidural anesthesia in the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, considering the effectiveness, safety, and satisfaction of patients and their legal representatives with this medical aid. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective single-center continuous cohort study was conducted on patients who received epidural analgesia as part of perioperative anesthesia in the period from 2016 to 2021. Data from 702 (48.5%) boys and 745 (51.5%) girls were analyzed. Children were divided into three main groups according to age: from 1 month to 1 year (14.3%), from 1 year to 7 years (37.8%), and from 8 years to 18 years (47.8%). The area of surgical intervention was also considered: abdominal surgery (65.2%), thoracic (8.5%), and orthopedic (26.4%). The choice of the local anesthesia level has also influenced the results. The main study outcomes were the intensity of postoperative pain syndrome in pediatric oncosurgery and additional consumption of narcotic analgesics after the administration of a mixture of topical drugs with or without adjuvants into the epidural space. RESULTS: The effectiveness of epidural anesthesia in the intraoperative period was quite high, which is confirmed by the stability of hemodynamic parameters. Intraoperatively, additional administration of systemic narcotic analgesics was noted in 5% of the total sample. In all observed patients, epidural adjuvants (morphine and promedol) ensured the optimal duration of action and analgesic efficacy of caudal blockade in the postoperative period; therefore, additional painkillers were not needed. Satisfaction with the intervention was generally high, with 98% providing a rating of very good or good. CONCLUSION: Anesthesia methods (epidural blockade), optimal pain control, and active postoperative recovery (including early oral nutrition and mobilization) in fast-track surgery reduce stress reactions and organ dysfunction, significantly reducing the time required for a full recovery.

In this article, the authors aim to differentiate various categories of the peasantry according to the views on property to develop an optimal research approach that will allow for an objective and comprehensive analysis of the attitudes and behavior of the peasant population of Russia during the Stolypin course of agrarian policy pursued by the autocracy. The study shows the validity of using the peasantry's attitude to property as one of the key criteria for assessing the degree of efficiency of the Stolypin reform. The selected criterion allows one to show the evolution of this attitude depending on the social characteristics of a particular category of peasants. Any reform should be assessed from the standpoint of those whose interests are affected first. Property is one of the main guidelines that determine the position of a person in society and the world. Aimed at creating the stratum of steady owners in the village, P.A. Stolypin's reform frees the peasants from the petty fiscal and bureaucratic oversight of the state. As the peasantry realizes the seriousness of the government's intentions and possible prospects for the development of the economy, their attitude to the reform also changes. This change takes place along with the peasantry's realization that the state is interested in steady owners in the village. Those who can and want to be one, accept the reform with enthusiasm, others ultimately see in the reform an opportunity to shift the blame for their failure to the state.

The rate of a chemical reaction can be sensitive to the isotope composition of the reactants, which provides also for the sensitivity of such “spin-sensitive” reactions to the external magnetic field. Here we demonstrate the effect of the external magnetic field on the enzymatic DNA synthesis together with the effect of the spin-bearing magnesium ions ($$^{25}$$ 25 Mg). The rate of DNA synthesis monotonously decreased with the external magnetic field induction increasing in presence of zero-spin magnesium ions ($$^{24}$$ 24 Mg). On the contrary, in the presence of the spin-bearing magnesium ions, the dependence of the reaction rate on the magnetic field induction was non-monotonous and possess a distinct minimum at 80–100 mT. To describe the observed effect, we suggested a chemical scheme and biophysical mechanism considering a competition between Zeeman and Fermi interactions in the external magnetic field.

BACKGROUND: The retrobulbar block in children is used to enucleate analgesia in the intra- and postoperative period and prevent oculocardiac reflex (OCD), postoperative nausea, and vomiting. However, when the block is performed blindly, it results in serious complications. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a retrobulbar block performed under ultrasound guidance compared with a retrobulbar block performed blindly during enucleation of the eyeball in children with retinoblastoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled trial was performed. The study included 40 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The patients were divided into two groups: 20 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided retrobulbar blockade (RBВ + ultrasound) and 20 patients who underwent blindly retrobulbar blockade (RBВ). RESULTS: There was an insignificant decrease in intraoperative opioid requirements in the RBB + ultrasound group, where the average dose of fentanyl was 41.4 g/kg, and in the RBB group, 4.70.8 g/kg (p 0.05). The time before the administration of the first dose of analgesic in the postoperative period was 4.70.8 h in the RBB group and 11.73.3 h in the RBB + ultrasound group (p 0.05). VAS and CHIPPS scores obtained 6 h after the end of surgery in the RBB + ultrasound and RBB groups were 1.8 (1.2; 2) and 2.5 (3.8; 4.5) points (p 0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION: There was no statistically significant difference between the time of the retrobulbar blockade under ultrasound guidance and the retrobulbar regional block performed blindly. Retrobulbar blockade performed under ultrasound guidance provides a decrease in intraoperative opioid requirements, stable intraoperative hemodynamics, and longer postoperative analgesia.

In the classical twin design, researchers compare trait resemblance in cohorts of identical and non-identical twins to understand how genetic and environmental factors correlate with resemblance in behaviour and other phenotypes. The twin design is also a valuable tool for studying causality, intergenerational transmission, gene-environment correlation and interaction. Here we review recent developments in twin studies, recent results from twin studies of new phenotypes, and recent insights into twinning. We ask whether the results of existing twin studies are representative of the general population and of global diversity, and conclude that stronger efforts to increase representativeness are needed. We provide an updated overview of twin concordance and discordance for major diseases and mental disorders, which conveys a crucial message: genetic influences are not as deterministic as many believe. This has important implications for public understanding of genetic risk prediction tools, as the accuracy of genetic predictions can never exceed identical twin concordance rates.

Poly(urethane-imide) copolymers (PUICs) containing reactive carboxyl groups in hard imide segment were synthesized from poly(propylene glycol) with isocyanate end groups, 1,3-bis(3′,4′-dicarboxyphenoxy)benzene dianhydride, aromatic diamines 4,4′-bis(4″-aminophenoxy)diphenyl sulfone or 4,4′-bis-(4″-aminophenoxy)biphenyl, and 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid. The PUICs were covalently cross-linked using reactions of carboxyl groups with aromatic diisocyanates and 1,2,5,6-diepoxycyclooctane. The polymers obtained were studied by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis. It was shown that the structure of the cross-linking agents influences the properties of cross-linked PUICs. Changes in the mechanical loss factor (tg δ) were analyzed vs. chemical structure of the PUICs. The maximum tg δ values of the copolymers studied are in the range of 0.3–0.4, which suggests good damping capacity of these systems.

The high efficiency of using N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid (PMIDA) as a surfactant for formation of a silica coating on Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with a large surface area has been demonstrated. The coating of PMIDA-stabilized MNPs with silica and their further APS-functionalization significantly increased the specific area (up to 203 m2 g−1) and the number of amino groups (up to 1.12 mmol/g) grafted on their surface compared to nanomaterials synthesized without preliminary SiO2-coating. The comparative study of the peptide modification efficiency, using as an example pH-low insertion peptide (pHLIP), of MNPs coated with 3-aminopropylsilane (APS) or SiO2/APS was carried out. It has been shown that silica coating of PMIDA-stabilized MNPs leads to a significant increase in the degree of immobilization of the peptide (up to 22 μmol per g of MNPs). Comprehensive characterization of the obtained materials at each stage of the synthesis was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDX), BET analysis, ATR Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), termogravimetric analysis (TGA), CHN-elemental analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The proposed approach to applying SiO2-coating of MNPs can be useful for design of new materials for biomedical and chemical purposes.

The aim of the study was to supplement the data concerning the spreading of nematode Ashworthius sidemi among wild ruminants in Russia. The samples of A. sidemi were collected from two fallow deer, which were born and raised in the game farm in Smolensk region (55° 16ʹ N–34° 29ʹ E). The affiliation of the detected nematodes as A. sidemi was made using morphological features (shape of the spicules and the dorsal ray of bursa for males, as well as the presence and shape of the neodont in the buccal cavity for males and females). The intensity of infection in 2 studied fallow deer was 7 and 19 individuals of A. sidemi. All of the specimens of A. sidemi had the features of juvenile forms. The registration of fallow deer as another one host of A. sidemi in Russia indicates a further spreading of this nematode and confirms the necessity of strengthening the control of this parasite. The finding of this nematode in non-native captive animals shows the imperfection of control in this sphere. A. sidemi could have been introduced to the game farm both with imported or with native animals due to insufficient quarantine and isolation. More wide further research would be useful in the light of control this potentially dangerous parasite.

The effect of carbon nanofibers introduced into the polyimide matrix on the mechanical properties of initial nanocomposite films and nanocomposite films oriented by uniaxial drawing at various stages of polyimide synthesis is studied. It is demonstrated that the storage moduli of nanocomposite films are higher compared to initial polyimide films at equal draw ratios. The self-orientation ability of the studied samples drawn at the stage of a prepolymer (poly(amic acid)) during thermal imidization is revealed, and it is shown that this ability increases upon the introduction of carbon nanofibers into the polyimide matrix. It is found that the polyimide films with the highest rigidity of macromolecules among the studied structures exhibit the highest storage moduli owing to their high self-orientation ability. Using X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy, a change in the supramolecular structure of rigid-chain polyimide films upon their orientational drawing at various stages of synthesis is investigated.

The article presents the results of field research conducted in 2018-2019 on leached Chernozem of the Volga forest-steppe. The objects of research are varieties of spring wheat-Tulaykovskaya 10, Yoldyz and Tulaykovskaya 108. At different seeding rates of 5.0 and 5.5 million germinating seeds per ha, the effect of mineral fertilizers on 1 ha was studied. They were represented by a complete mineral fertilizer (azofoska) and fertilizing with a mineral nitrogen fertilizer in the tillering phase at doses of 30, 60 and 90 kg of AD/ha against this background. Analysis of the yield of spring wheat varieties indicates that the harvest of grain variety Yoldyz in variants with a seeding rate of 5.5 million germinating seeds per ha against the background of the application of ammonium nitrate at a dose of 60 kg of DA (2.52 t/ha) was superior to other varieties Tulaykovskaya 10 and Tulaykovskaya 108 (2.51 and 2.46 t/ha). The maximum increase in seed productivity when adding ammonium nitrate in the tillage phase of the crop was in Tulaykovskaya 10 variety (0.34 t/ha), the lowest in the Yoldyz variety (0.06 t/ha) compared to the variant with amofoska application in the pre-sowing cultivation. When increasing the doses of nitrogen fertilizers there was an increase in the water content of all the studied varieties by 1-3 PCs. While increasing the seeding rate from 5.0 to 5.5 million germinating seeds per 1 ha the number of grains in the ear changed on average for varieties by 1-2 PCs. Of all the studied varieties, the largest mass of 1,000 grains was in the Yoldyz variety (40.56 g) after azofoska application in the presowing cultivation + N60 during tillering at a seeding rate of 5.0 million germinating seeds per 1 ha, the smallest in the Tulaykovskaya 108 variety (37.87 g) after azofoska application at a dose of 0.15 t/ha at a seeding rate of 5.0 million germinating seeds per 1 ha.

2,4,6-trihydroxytoluene (methylphloroglucinol) is a promising reagent in organic synthesis, after development out getting it from 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. We previously synthesized of derivatives of 5,7-dihydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-ones by the interaction of 2,4,6-trihydroxytoluene and 2,4,6 -trihydroxy-3-methylbenzoic acid with polyfunctional carbonyl compounds. The first time, a detailed analysis of the electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra of derivatives of 5,7-dihydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-ones is carried out. In the electronic absorption spectra of the studied compounds, the absorption in the long-wavelength region of the spectrum is determined by electronic transitions with intramolecular charge carry. The possibility of controlling the bathochromic or hypsochromic shift of the long-wavelength absorption band by introducing substituents of various electronic nature into the molecule has been revealed. It was shown that some of the studied compounds have pronounced luminescence in the blue-green region of the spectrum (390–508 nm) with a quantum yield of 9–40%. The highest quantum yield (38%) was achieved when the 5,7-dihydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one carboxyl group was introduced into position 6. The bromination of this compound leads to a decrease in the quantum yield to 9.5 % The introduction into the 3 position of 5,7-dihydroxy-4,8-dimethylchromen-2-one phenyl substituted fragment along with O-acylation leads to a sharp decrease in the quantum yield. It is concluded that the studied objects are promising as basic structures for the search for new biosensors.

Studies on the discovery of the chemical potential of 2,4,6-trihydroxytoluene, which has become an affordable reagent in organic synthesis after the development at IPCET SB RAS (Institute for problems of chemical and energetic technologies of the Siberian branch оf the Russian academy of sciences) of technology for its preparation from 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, we have been conducting systematic studies in recent years to obtain it basis of various multifunctional carbo- and heterocyclic compounds. The paper presents the results of a study of the biological and antioxidant activity of hydroxyderivatives of 2-benzylidenebenzofuran-3(2H)-ones obtained on the basis of 2,4,6-trihydroxytoluene. The compounds studied in the work showed high inhibitory activity against selected test strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis). A study of the fungicidal activity of the synthesized compounds showed that the percentage of suppression of fungal strains (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium chrysogenum, Ulocladium atrum and Penicillium funiculosum) ranges from 0-20%. The antioxidant properties of the synthesized aurons were studied by cyclic voltammetry on a carbon-metal electrode. Ethanol solutions of rutin and quercetin were used as reference standards. The total antioxidant activity (∑AOA) was estimated spectrophotometrically using a liquid-phase reaction with a chromophore radical, 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), according to the degree of “radical uptake” (P). It was shown that all compounds have moderate antioxidant activity, which depends mainly on the number of hydroxyl groups and their position in the compound molecule. The work shows the value of 4,6-dihydroxy-7-methylbenzofuran-3(2H)-one as a building block for combinatorial chemistry.

Synthesis and studies of the properties of dyes for coloring textile materials from fibers of various chemical structures, which contain, in addition to chromophore, also pharmacophore groups in the molecule, which impart biocidal properties to both the dyes themselves and the materials dyed by them, are interesting both theoretically and from an applied point of view. The article presents data on the synthesis of a series of previously undescribed azo compounds based on 2-(4'-aminophenyl)-4-quinolinecarboxylic acid and aromatic hydroxy- and aminocompounds of the naphthalene series. Five naphthylazo derivatives of 2-(4'-aminophenyl)-4-quinolinecarboxylic acid were synthesized in high yields. The structures of the synthesized azo compounds were confirmed by mass-spectrometry and UV-spectroscopy. In the electronic absorption spectra, the absorption maximum of the synthesized azo compounds lies in the range of 480-550 nm, in contrast to the initial diazo and azo components, the absorption maxima of which lie in the near UV region of the spectrum. Dyeing techniques have been developed that provide optimal indicators for the process of coloration of polypeptide fibers (wool and nylon) with synthesized dyes. The colors of the samples have bright, and deep colors of orange-red-violet scales. The obtained painted samples were examined for color fastness to wet processing according to GOST 9733.4-83, sweat GOST 9733.6-83 and light exposure GOST 11279.2-83. It has been shown that the synthesized azo compounds can be used for coloring woolen and polyamide fibers and provide satisfactory performance properties of dyes, which is consistent with generally accepted ideas about acid dyes. Samples of dyed polyamide fabric showed satisfactory color fastness to light (1-3 points), the best result was shown by wool samples dyed with the studied dyes.

International audience; The optical properties of a monolayer of nanocomposite film (PMMA/gold nanocubes) were provided by fitting a proposed theoretical model to spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) measurements. For such a thin film, these features cannot be successfully determined by means of experimental and conventional effective medium theory such as Maxwell-Garnett or Bruggeman. To make it possible, we developed a model of two classical Lorentz oscillators; one for a PMMA layer and the other for GNCs, revealing one homogeneous layer and rapid analysis without the need for large computational resources. Additionally, we tailored both the size and number of GNCs in the PMMA layer by tuning the synthesis parameters as seen in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. In parallel, SE measurements clearly highlighted the change in the optical properties of GNCs as a function of their density on the substrate and dimensions. Our findings demonstrate that SE is an alternative method to characterize layered GNCs on opaque substrates efficiently, which has potential implications for designing other morphologies in the future.

2,4,6-Trihydroxytoluene (2-methylphloroglucinol) was used as starting material for the first synthesis of several (Z)-2-arylidene-4,6-dihydroxy-7-methylaurones, including a synthetic analog of the natural 7-methylaureusidin, which is currently obtained mainly from the extract of sedge capitata (Cyperus capitatus). It was shown that the reaction of 2,4,6-trihydroxytoluene with chloroacetonitrile occurred regioselectively, with the formation of 4,6-dihydroxy-7-methylbenzofuran-3(2H)-one, the treatment of which with substituted benzaldehydes gave high yields of the target compounds.

We present the digital slot — a tool for the development of new hydraulic fracturing technologies via digitization of slurry flow in narrow channels. We consider slurry containing fluid, proppant, and fiber components. The flow is described by a continuum mathematical model based on the lubrication theory. The numerical algorithm utilizes Lagrangian approach with finite volume pressure solver. We present the results of laboratory validation and simulation examples showing the key effects affecting solids transport in hydraulic fracturing: settling, bridging, gravity slumping, materials degradation, viscosity contrast, and bank formation.

Objective: The study consists in the analysis of the main regulatory acts governing personnel safety in pharmaceutical organizations. In the process of managing a pharmaceutical organization, the leader must rely on the requirements of current legislation in the field of personnel safety. Safety is the main strategic activity of any pharmaceutical organization. The legal framework governing personnel security is constantly expanding. Actually study the fundamental standards of personnel safety. Methods: The methods of analysis were a systematic approach, logical grouping, content analysis of the main documents regulating personnel security in the pharmaceutical industry. Results: The fundamental regulatory acts were identified that play a major role in ensuring and regulating the personnel safety of pharmaceutical organizations. Personnel security is a key element of the economic security of a pharmaceutical organization. The management of pharmaceutical personnel in the personnel safety system consists in finding ways to minimize risks and threats from and in relation to employees. The basic regulatory acts in the system of personnel security are identified, which allow to level threats and optimize the sustainable development of the pharmaceutical organization. Conclusion: In Russia, the legal basis for the personnel security of pharmaceutical organizations is: the Constitution; international treaties; federal constitutional laws; federal laws and regulations; Government Decisions; laws and other regulatory legal acts of entities. The term “security” is introduced by the law “On Security”. The main security threats are identified in the Economic Security Strategy for the period until 2030.

We have demonstrated that our patented water-soluble biocompatible polyolate precursors of silicon tetraglycerolate and silicon tetrapolyethylene glycolate can be successfully utilized in biomimetical mineralization of polysaccharides of different nature. By the example of chitosan (cationic), xanthan gum (anionic), and hydroxyethyl cellulose (uncharged) polysaccharides, an accelerating effect on the gelation process has been demonstrated, and a stabilizing effect has been revealed on the hydrogels formed as transparent monoliths showing resistance to syneresis. Structural features of silicon–polysaccharide-containing hydrogels were investigated using advanced physical methods of cryo-scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Thus formed silicon-containing 3D network of gels is found to be polymeric and appears to have an ordered amorphous morphostructure, which can be explained as caused by the effect of polysaccharides serving as templates. The difference in the reactivity of precursors leads to the peculiarities of the gelation process in the presence of the polysaccharides under study, as well as to the difference in the composition of the formed products. The sol-gel process utilized to obtain the silicon–polysaccharide-containing hydrogels proceeds under the mild conditions with no catalyst or any organic solvent, and thus can be regarded as belonging to the green chemistry methods that show promise for biomedical material applications.

A conventionally synthesized thio- and cyano-modified single-stranded poly(dNTP) sequences of different molecular sizes (20n - 200n) and the same lengths routine poly(dNTP) and poly(NTP) species were obtained through the good services provided by the Russian Federal Bioorganic Products Group and by the ThermoFischer, Inc., and then tested for their impact on catalytic activities of β-like DNA polymerases from chromatin of HL-60, WERI-1A and Y-79 cells as well as for the affinity patterns in DNApolβ-poly(dNTP)/ (NTP) pairs, respectively. An essential link between the lengths of ultrashort (50n - 100n) single-stranded poly(dNTP) sequences of different structures and their inhibitory effects towards the cancer-specific DNA polymerases β has been found. A possible significance of this phenomenon for both DNA repair suppression in tumors and a consequent anti-cancer activity of the DNA repair related short poly(dNTP) fragments has been for the first time emphasized with a respect to their pharmacophore revealing potential. Thus, this work presents an experimental attempt to upgrade a contemporary attitude towards the DNA derived products applied for anti-cancer agenda, particularly, for acute myeloid leukemia and retinoblastoma cell DNA repair machinery breakdown. In this study, tumor specific DNA polymerases β were found of being the targets for attack promoted with the primer-like single-stranded DNA fragments followed by consequent cytostatic phenomena. A novel concept of the DNA related anti-cancer medicines is under discussion.

A significant population of ultrashort (50–150n) single-stranded DNA fragments were found in exosome-free blood plasma of retinoblastoma patients (6.84 ng mL−1), but not in plasma of healthy donors. An original high resolution HPLC technique has been proposed to reveal and characterize this peculiarity. To solve this task, a novel molecular size exclusion – anion exchange analytical technique was developed. Its applicability to diagnostics and oncogenesis research is quizzed here.

Ashworthius sidemi is a blood-sucking nematode, which has spread out among wild ruminants in several European countries during last decades. The nematode has recently been detected in cattle as well. The distribution of A. sidemi in Russia has not been sufficiently clarified yet. In European part of Russia A. sidemi was formerly registered in sika deer (Cervus nippon) and maral (Cervus elaphus sibiricus) introduced from Asia, and also in aboriginal elks (Alces alces). Taking into consideration the presence of other species of ruminants susceptible to A. sidemi in European Russia, it is necessary to control the spread of this parasite. The specimens of males and females of A. sidemi were found during the autopsies of three naturally infected roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from Voronezh and Tver regions (European Russia). The species affiliation of the discovered nematodes was determined according to morphological features and confirmed using molecular techniques. The intensity of infection with A. sidemi in two roe deer from Voronezh was 11 and 63 nematodes, and it was 17 nematodes in roe deer from Tver. All of the discovered specimens of A. sidemi were referred to juvenile forms based on features of male bursa morphology and weak development of female reproductive system. In Russia, A. sidemi has not previously been detected in C. capreolus and the present report constitutes the first record of the parasite occurrence in this species of ruminant.

The development of high-end targeted drugs and vaccines against modern pandemic infections, such as COVID-19, can take a too long time that lets the epidemic spin up and harms society. However, the countermeasures must be applied against the infection in this period until the targeted drugs became available. In this regard, the non-specific, broad-spectrum anti-viral means could be considered as a compromise allowing overcoming the period of trial. One way to enhance the ability to resist the infection is to activate the nonspecific immunity using a suitable driving-up agent, such as plant polysaccharides, particularly our drug Panavir isolated from the potato shoots. Earlier, we have shown the noticeable anti-viral and anti-bacterial activity of Panavir. Here we demonstrate the pro-inflammation activity of Panavir, which four-to-eight times intensified the ATP and MIF secretion by HL-60 cells. This effect was mediated by the active phagocytosis of the Panavir particles by the cells. We hypothesized the physiological basis of the Panavir proinflammatory activity is mediated by the indol-containing compounds (auxins) present in Panavir and acting as a plant analog of serotonin.

The review provides data on species composition of nematodes in 50 species of birds from Armenia (South of Lesser Caucasus). Most of the studied birds belong to Passeriformes and Charadriiformes orders. One of the studied species of birds (Larus armenicus) is an endemic. The taxonomy and host-specificity of nematodes reported in original papers are discussed with a regard to current knowledge about this point. In total, 52 nematode species parasitizing birds in Armenia are reported. Most of the reported species of nematodes are quite common in birds outside of Armenia. One species (Desmidocercella incognita from great cormorant) was first identified in Armenia. Great snipe was recorded as a new host for Hystrichis tricolor. Zoonotic nematode Trichinella pseudospiralis was reported in Armenia from Eurasian blackbird.

In the collective author’s work on the basis of general scientific methodological approaches, the revolutionary transformation of modern civilization into the format of a post-industrial state and network thinking under the influence of information technologies is considered, taking into account the relevance of awareness of threats to humanity during the convergence of digitalization into everyday reality. The main approach is a theoretical analysis of the impact of modern information technologies and their extrapolation to the near future of civilization from the point of view of the feasibility of creating favorable conditions for life, human improvement from the standpoint of improving moral, ethical, psychological and intellectual qualities. The results, which were obtained, can be used from the position of an interdisciplinary approach as a subjective scientific position of the authors of the article on the evolution of the post-industrial society and the assessment of possible variations in the development of the post-industrial economy on the platform of information technologies, which are part of the convergent ones that form the basis of the VI technological order of the IV industrial revolution. The authors explain that the reasoning given in the article isn’t a dogma and can be transformed directly by the spokesmen of these opinions and by other authors of other works on the topic of post-industrial development in the process of scientific discussions.