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Transformatör, gerilimi bir seviyeden diğer bir seviyeye çevirmeye yarayanelektromanyetik bir cihazdır. Bir devredeki elektrik enerjisini sabit frekans altında başka bir devreye elektromanyetik endüksiyon yoluyla aktarmaya ve gerilim-akım değerini şebekeler arasında artırıp azaltmaya yarayan hareketsiz elektrik makinalarıdır. Özellikle iletim ve dağıtım şebekelerinde gerilim yükseltici ve düşürücü uygulamalarda, işletmelerin verimliliği açısından, yüksek verimli transformatör kullanmak günümüzde büyük öneme sahiptir.Transformatörler kullanım amacı, güç, gerilim, soğutma tipi, izolasyon tipi gibi birçok kategoriye ayrılır. Transformatörler genel olarak, izolasyon malzemelerine göre kuru tip ve yağlı tip olmak üzere 2 tipte kategorilendirilebilir. Buna ek olarak, kullanım amacına göre transformatörler güç ve dağıtım trafoları olarak ikiye ayrılır. Trafoyu yüzeysel olarak bölümlere ayırdığımızda, elektriksel ve mekanik yapılar mevcuttur. Elektriksel yapı, aktif elemanların bulunduğu çekirdek ve iletkenlerin yer aldığı, elektrik enerjisinin aktarımının gerçekleştiği kısımdır. Bu elektrik enerjisi aktarımı esnasında transformatörün yüklenme yüzdesine bağlı olarak iletken kayıpları ve bundan bağımsız olarak çekirdek kayıpları ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ortaya çıkan bu kayıplar aktif kısım olarak adlandırılan yapının,izolasyon yağının ve dolayısıyla transformatör kazanının ısınmasına sebep olur. Bu ısınmanın etkilerini giderebilecek faktörler arasında kazanın boyutu, malzeme cinsi ve soğutma tipine bağlı olarak fiziksel yapısı bulunur.Bu tez çalışmasında örnek olarak bir yağlı tip dağıtım trafosu ele alınacaktır. Çalışmada önce yağlı tip dağıtım trafoları ile ilgili literatür araştırması yapılacak, daha sonra bu tez çalışmasına paralel olarak bir tasarım geliştirilecek, termal ve yapısal simülasyon çalışmaları ile bu tasarım için optimum sonuçlar elde edilerek, tasarıma uygun bir prototip çalışması yapılacaktır. Elde edilen prototip üzerinde çalışma ortamına bağlı olarak mekanik parçaların zorlanması üzerinde çalışmalar yapılacaktır. Bahsedilen prototip ürünün ısınma testi sonuçları ile bu tezde yapılan teorik hesaplama ve analiz sonuçları karşılaştırılacaktır. Böylece ürünün araştırılıp simülasyon ve tasarım sonuçlarının ortaya konulması, kullanımının iyileştirilme amacına ve üretiminin getireceği muhtemel olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri vurgulamaya yöneliktir. A transformer is an electromagnetic device that converts voltage from one level to another. They are stationary electrical machines that are used to transfer the electrical energy in a circuit to another circuit under a fixed frequency by electromagnetic induction and to increase or decrease the voltage-current value between the networks. It is of great importance to use high-efficiency transformers in terms of efficiency of enterprises, especially in voltage booster and lowering applications in transmission and distribution networks.Transformers are divided into categories such as purpose of use, power, voltage, cooling and insulation type. In general, transformers can be categorized into 2 types as dry type and oily type according to insulation materials. In addition, transformers are divided into power and distribution transformers according to their intended use. When dividing the transformer into sections superficially, there are electrical and mechanical structures. The electrical structure is the part where the active elements are located, the core and the conductors, and the transfer of electrical energy takes place. During this electrical energy transfer, conductor and core losses occur depending on the load percentage of the transformer. These losses cause heating of the so-called active part, the insulation oil, and the transformer tank. Among the factors that can eliminate the effects of this heating are the tank size, the type of material and its physical structure depending on the cooling type.In this thesis, an oil type distribution transformer will be discussed as an example. First of all, a literature search will be made on oil-type distribution transformers, then a design will be developed in parallel with this thesis, optimum results for this design will be obtained with thermal and structural simulation studies, and a prototype study will be made in accordance with the design. On the prototype obtained, studies will be carried out on the stress of mechanical parts depending on the working environment. The heating test results of it will be compared with the results of the theoretical calculation and analysis made in this thesis. Researching the product and revealing the simulation and design results is aimed at emphasizing the purpose of improving its use and the possible positive and negative effects.

Kiyim-kechak dizayni haqidagi maqolada ko'plab kiyim modellari asosiy qismlarning dizaynida sezilarli farqlarga ega emasligi va bir-biridan model xususiyatlari bilan aniq farqlanishini ta'minlaydi. Shu sababli, ko'p sonli modellar cheklangan miqdordagi asosiy kiyim dizaynlari, asosiy naqshlarni modellashtirish bilan ifodalanishi mumkin.

Maqolada o’quvchilarni estetik jihatdan tarbiyalashda tasviriy san’at faning va o’qituvchining o’rni, maktabda o‘qitiladigan tas’viriy san’at o‘quv fanining maqsad-vazifasi - mazmun-mohiyatiga ko‘ra turlari, tasviriy san’at o‘quvchilarda ma’naviy dunyoqarashni, g‘oyaviy e’tiqodni shakllantirishda, fikrlash qobiliyatini, ko‘rish xotirasini, ijodiy tasavvurni, badiiy didni, estetik hissiyotni o‘stirishi haqida fikrlar berib o’tiladi.

Ushbu maqolada texnologiya darslari haqida umumiy tushunchalar haqida fikr yuritiladi. Bundan tashqari, texnologiya darslarini hayotimiz tutgan o'rni va texnologiya darslarida zamonaviy texnologiylardan foydalanish maqolaning asosiy mazmunini tashkil qiladi.

Tibbiy veb-saytlar va ularning ma'lumotlaridan foydalanish tobora rivojlanib bormoqda va bu borada tabiiki ayrim muammolar ham yuzaga keladi. Vizual tuzilma bo'lgan sog'liqni saqlash veb-saytlarining sifatiga turli omillar ta'sir qiladi. Joriy tadqiqotning maqsadi sog'liqni saqlash veb-saytlarining rolini tushuntirish, foydalanuvchilarning tibbiy veb-saytlarning sifati va ishonchliligi haqidagi qarashlarini o���rganish, shuningdek, foydalanuvchilar tomonidan sog'liqni saqlash ma'lumotlarini olishdir. Bundan tashqari, bunday veb-saytlarni loyihalash bo'yicha keng qamrovli qo'llanma zarurligi muhokama qilinadi. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko'rsatadiki, sog'liqni saqlash veb-saytining ko'rinishi foydalanuvchilarning ishonchini qozonishda muhim rol o'ynaydi.Sog���liqni saqlash sohasida veb saytlar yaratish bo���yicha milliy yoki xalqaro to'liq yo���riqnoma yo'qligi ma'lum bo'ldi. Sog'liqni saqlash veb-saytlarining vizual tuzilishining ahamiyatini hisobga olgan holda sog'liqni saqlash veb-saytlarining izchil bo'lmagan, yomon yoki shaxsiylashtirilgan dizayn muammolarini bartaraf etish uchun milliy yo���riqnoma ishlab chiqish kerak., Using health-related websites and their information increasingly develops and some concerns on its quality arise as well. Different factors affect the quality of health websites which visual structure is one of the most important factors. The aim of the current study is to explain the role of health websites` visual structure in users��� views on their quality and reliability as well as its role in obtaining health information by users. Furthermore, the need for a comprehensive guideline for designing such websites is discussed. The review showed that health website���s appearance has an important role in users view on its credibility. Furthermore, it was revealed that there is no comprehensive national or international guideline to health websites design. Considering the importance of visual structure of health websites, there is an emergent need to develop a national guideline to obviate the problems of non-consistent, poor or personalized design of health websites.

The structure of the design and construction organizations is different from that of the service or manufacturing industry. Although design and construction organizsations are parts of the construction industry, they are different from each other, also. This chapter is based on the researches investigating the leadership behaviours of construction professionals and consists basically of two main sections. In the first section, the concept of leadership and importance of leadership in design and construction processes will beis discussed. In this first section, firstlyinitially, as the leaders of the design teams, the importance of leadership skills of architects in both architectural design teams and other design teams, and, secondly, the importance of leadership skills of construction professionals will beis evaluated. In the second section, the focus of the study will befocuses on the evaluation of leadership behaviours of construction professionals with a literature review of previous researches. In this second section, initially, the leadership stiles in design teams, and secondly leadership stiles of construction teams will beis evaluated.

When reducing the cost of residential buildings, decreasing operational costs along with the construction costs will prove beneficial not only for the owner and/or user of the residence but also for national economy. In the design phase, decisions regarding building shape have a considerable effect on both construction costs and building heating energy costs. Therefore, this study will analyse the extent to which changes in building shape affect construction costs and building heating energy costs, and thereby provide pre-design information for future reference for residential buildings with less energy consumption and less environmental pollution. To this end, residential buildings with the same characteristics have been used by differentiating only building shapes, orientations and envelope alternatives to assess the changes they cause in construction, energy and life cycle costs.

Bu makale Virginia Woolf’un The Waves adlı eserinde hem görsel semboller hem de bununla beraber sözlü semboller arasında olan ilişkiyi inceler. Bakışın anlatımı yoluyla, romanın hem iç hem de dış yapıları ressamsı bir görüş inşa eder ve bu durumu da sadece Jacques Lacan’ın psikolojik terimlerinde olduğu gibi değil, ayrıca Roland Barthes’ın semiyolojisinde de birer sembol olarak algılamak mümkündür. Bu arada bir yandan romanın karakterlerinin iç bakışları ve ayrıca yine bu karakterlerin arasındaki dikkatli bakışları, romanın iç metinsel biçimlerini ve dış metinsel biçimlerini gösterir ve buna ek olarak sözlü anlatımın da bir hayli uyumlu bir yapıya sahip olmasını sağlar. Ayrıca diğer bir yandan romanın perde arkasını biçimci unsurların bir ifadesi olarak da okuyabilmek mümkündür ve bununla beraber köklü bir manevi gerçekliği –ruh hali- göstermek için sanatsal görünümü ve sanatsal dizaynı bir araya getirir. Köklü olan sembol de kendisinin saf sanatsal yapısı ile örtüşür. Hem Duncan Grant’in Window, South of France adlı resmi gibi görsel bir sembolde hem de Virginia Woolf’un kelimelerle resim yapmış olduğu gibi, bir okuyucunun görünüm ve dizaynın uyumunu gösteren renkleri de, şekilleri de ve satırları da açıkça görebilmesi mümkündür. Hem sözlü anlatım biçimi hem de resmin kendisi insanlığın dalgalarında sanatsal oluşumun entelektüel ve duygusal yönlerini sentez yapmanın yollarıdır.Anahtar Sözcükler: Bakış, Görünüm, Dizayn, Sembol, Biçim, Anlatım, Söylev.VISION, REPRESENTATION AND THE DISCOURSE OF THE GAZE IN THE WAVESAbstract: This article explores the relation between visual and verbal representation in Virginia Woolf’s The Waves (1931). Through the discourse of the Gaze, both the inner and outer forms of the novel are constructed as a painter-like vision, which can be seen as signs not only in Jacob Lacan’s psychological terms, but also in Roland Barthes’s semiotics. On the one hand, inward-gazes and inter-gazes of characters indicate the inner and the outer textual forms of the novel, providing a coherent structure of the verbal narrative. On the other hand, the interlude of the novel can be read as an expression of Formalist elements, combining artistic vision and design together, in order to show the essential spiritual reality which is known as “the state of mind”. The representation of the essential being is in its artistic pure form. In a visual representation, such as Duncan Grant’s painting, Window, South of France (1928), the reader can see the way in which colours, shapes and lines also demonstrate the harmony of vision and design in Woolf’s painting in words. Both verbal narrative form and the painting itself are ways to synthesise intellectual and emotional aspects of an artistic creation in the waves of humanity.Keywords: Gaze, Vision, Design, Representation, Form, Narrative, Discours., model. The essential character Percival holds the coherence of the whole novel. He is an abstract model, because the reader can only perceive Percival via other characters’ eyes. The image of this essential character has been shaped by multi-layered vision among other characters. In other words, Percival reveals the inter-subjectivity, which constructs the inner form of the novel. As the representation of the multi-layered vision, this character also reinforces the inter-subjectivity. Tamar Katz claims that the reader is able to find two kinds of concept, in order to define subjectivity in The Waves – one is the philosophical self – which is abstract and essential, and is detached from social, economical and cultural surroundings. The other self is defined by social codes, such as gender and class (1995: 234). Woolf’s “I” in this novelis a metaphor of “multiple subject positions” (Greene, 1999: 217).Here, I would argue, the “I” in The Waves indicates the “eye”. The narrator “I” can be seen as a way to perceive the external world. Barthes’s and Lacan’s theories of the Gaze also help to contribute to the theoretical development of the discourse of the Gaze, which is quite useful to observe the textual form of The Waves, in terms of vision and representation. In “Right in the Eyes”, Roland Barthes defined the formation of “the Gaze” (1991: 237). First of all, Barthes claimed that the Gaze is not a sign – because the sign repeats itself, so that the viewer is able to recognize it, while the sign

Sports footwear is designed specifically for those who practice different sports. After some researches and surveys l found that basketball is a top sport in terms of people's preferences. During the game of basketball, the individual body and its abilities are required. As for footwear, it must respond to a series of requirements so the athletes can perform properly their activities, ensuring mobility, stability, safety and performance. This paper aims to improve sports footwear designed for basketball players, having the Puma brand a novel approach based on the creation of a story and also valorifying biomimesis and proposing new materials and structures at the modular level., Spor ayakkabılar farklı sporlarla uğraşanlar için özel olarak tasarlanmaktadır. Bazı araştırma ve anketler sonucunda, insanların en çok tercih ettiği spor dalının basketbol olduğunu saptadım. Bu oyunda, kişisel yetenek gerekmektedir. Ayakkabı ise hareket, sağlamlık, güvenlik ve güç sağlayarak sporcunun uygun aktiviteyi yapması için bir dizi gereksinimi karşılamalıdır. Bu makale Puma markasıyla, basketbol oyuncuları için tasarlanan spor ayakkabıların temel seviyede yeni yaklaşımlar geliştirilmesini amaçlamaktadır.

Selecting process of a machine tool has been very important issue for companies for years, because the improper selection of a machine tool might cause of many problems affecting negatively on productivity, precision, flexibility and company's responsive manufacturing capabilities. On the other hand, selecting the best machine tool from its increasing number of existing alternatives in market are multiple-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem in the presence of many quantitative and qualitative attributes. Therefore, in this paper, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used for machine tool selection problem due to the fact that it has been widely used in evaluating various kinds of MCDM problems in both academic researches and practices. However, due to the vagueness and uncertainty on judgments of the decision-maker(s), the crisp pair wise comparison in the conventional AHP seems to insufficient and imprecise to capture the right judgments of decision-maker(s). That is why; fuzzy number logic is introduced in the pair wise comparison of AHP to make up for this deficiency in the conventional AHP. Shortly, in this study, an intelligent approach is proposed, where both techniques; fuzzy logic and AHP are come together, referred to as fuzzy AHP. First, the fuzzy AHP technique is used to weight the alternatives under multiple attributes; second Benefit/Cost (B/C) ratio analysis is carried out by using both the fuzzy AHP score and procurement cost, of each alternative. The alternative with highest B/C ratio is found out and called as the ultimate machine tool among others. In addition, a case study is also presented to make this approach more understandable for a decision-maker(s).

Url: http://josc.selcuk.edu.tr/article/view/1075000292, Haber söyleminde yapısal yanlılık okunduğu zaman anlaşılabilir, aynı şekilde haberin görsel tasarımı da bir araç olarak kullanıldığında haberde yanlılık görülebilir. Bir haberin sayfadaki tasarımıyla gösterilmesi ya da gizlenmesi mümkündür. Bu çalışmada, haberlerde yönlendirme amacıyla, sayfa tasarımının bir araç olarak kullanımı; haberlerin geçiştirilmesinde ve önemsiz sayılabilecek haberlerin dikkat çekmesinde tasarım elemanlarının ifadeci niteliklerinin rolü konu edilmektedir. Fotoğraf, grafik, renk, hiyerarşi, ardışıklık, başlıklar ve metinler haberlerin kullanımı haberin vurgulanmasında etkisi olan elemanlardır. Gazeteler sayfa düzenleri ile de kendilerine özgü bir birleşim oluşturabilirler. Büyük puntolarla basılan başlıklar, farklı puntolarla oluşturulan alt başlıklar, fotoğraflar kendilerine özgü bir birleşimi okura yansıtır. Bu bağlamda haber sunumunda haberi okura önemsettirmek ya da tersi bir tutum izlemek mümkün olabilir. Bu durum haberlerin sayfa düzeni ile de bir yanlılık içerisinde verilebileceği yargısı ile değerlendirilebilir., Structural partiality is to be understood in the news when it is read. Nevertheless visual design of the news used as a tool for the partiality. A news is to appear or to hide with visual design. This study discusses, page design is used as a tool for partially goal, in this way the news is to pass over lightly or to atract attention. Design elements is important role in the subject. Besides it is found the relation between reader and page design, enter the page and enter the page elements, importance of the images. They are effective for stressing the news, such as photographs, graphics, color, hierarchy, sequency, heads, text. This elements are put the news on different sense. So the partiality is occur in the news presentation.

A new type of organoclay composite (PMMT) with good heat storage and release capacity was produced by intercalating n-hexadecane with Na-montmorillonite (Na-MMT) in a surfactant-assisted medium. The expansion of Na-MMT galleries by a Na salt of 4-dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (SDS) solution prior to the intercalation of n-hexadecane enhanced the process. In the XRD analysis, expansions of the d spacings in the (0 01) plane were observed in all PMMT samples, indicating that the intercalation of n-hexadecane in the galleries of Na-MMT was successfully achieved. The most successful PMMT sample, prepared by intercalating 9 mmol n-hexadecane per gram of Na-MMT, displayed a high heat capacity (126 J g(-1)) and good thermal durability. The sample also had a higher thermal conductivity compared to pure n-hexadecane samples.The manufacture of the PCM-clay composites by the method of surfactant-mediated intercalation of n-hexadecane into Na-MMT is recommended to enhance the thermal performance of different thermal storage materials. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

TEZ9213 Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2011. Kaynakça (s. 103-106) var. xiii, 114 s. : res. (bzs. rnk.), tablo ; 29 cm. Bu çalışmada asfaltitin enerji hammaddesi olması, Türkiye'de ve Dünyada teknolojik gelişmeler ile birlikte bu enerji hammaddesinin daha ucuza mal edilebilmesi ve insanların kullanımına sunulmasındaki aşamalarının başında gelen ve yatırımların ekonomikliğini belirleyen projelendirme ve bunun ışığında üretim yönteminin belirlenmesi anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Projelendirme aşamasında günümüzde gelişmekte olan paket programların üç boyutlu modellemedeki başarısı, yatırımların daha doğru yapılması, uygun üretim yöntemlerinin uygulanması aşamasında risklerin minimize edilmesi daha kolay hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada Harbul ve Üçkardeşler Asfaltit filonlarının Micromine 11.0 programı ile modellemesi, rezerv hesaplamaları, yeraltı ve açık işletme dizaynı yapılarak uygun işletme ve üretim yöntemine karar verme aşamaları sunulmaya çalışılmıştır. In this study, it is tried to show the project steps of asphaltite, as an energy source, getting more economically, depends on the technological developments, to take investment decision and put it in human benefits. Then, determination of production method is also explained briefly. In project stage, the success of 3D modeling software packages leads the decisions to be take easily regards of investments and mining methods. In this study, Harbul and Uckardesler Asphaltite Filons were modeled by Micromine 11.0 mining design software; reserve estimation, underground and open pit design decision stages were tried to be come out besides.

This paper deals with the problem of multi objective new product development and its solution with an intelligent approach. The proposed approach uses fuzzy parameters for economic analysis and combines a multi-criteria decision making method to goal programming. In economic analysis, fuzzy life cycle costs and fuzzy life cycle pricing are considered with respect to demand changes during life cycle of new product alternatives. Fuzzy equivalent worth of each new product alternative is determined using fuzzy life cycle monetary input, and results are input to the multi-criteria analysis. The selected multi-criteria analysis tool is TOPSIS in the paper and some additional judgmental criteria are also considered to rank new product alternatives. The preference weights used to rank alternatives are then fed to a goal programming model which makes an ultimate selection of new product(s) to be produced in the manufacturing system under capacity, sales potential, and workforce balance constraints. The goal programming model has an objective of minimizing the weighted sum of positive deviation from target total cost and negative deviation from target total preference weights. The proposed approach is then implemented using real data of a continuous production system for the need of introducing new products into market.

TEZ7427 Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2009. Kaynakça (s.98-102) var. ix, 103 s. : rnk.res. ; 29 cm. In this study, reserve and tenor calculation, suitable operation and production methods, open pit and underground operation have been trying to decide of ore deposite of Kızılyuksek chromite modeling with program Micromine 11.0. The importance of decided operation and production methods is touched. Modeling is very important about operating large ore deposite which low tenor, low reserve and/or high reserve. Three-dimensional modeling ore bed, operation design and production methods are evaluated separately on the three mines at the ore deposite of Kızılyuksek chromite. Bu çalışmada Kızılyüksek krom yatağının Micromine 11.0 programı ile modellemesi, rezerv ve tenör hesaplamaları, açık işletme ve yeraltı dizaynı yapılarak uygun işletme ve üretim yöntemine karar verilmeye çalışılmıştır. Karar verilen işletme ve üretim yönteminin önemine değinilmiştir. Düşük tenörlü az rezervli ve/veya rezervi büyük maden yataklarının işletilebilmesi açısından modelleme çok önemlidir. Üç boyutlu maden yatağı modellemesi, işletme dizaynı ve üretim yöntemleri Kızılyüksek krom yatağındaki üç ocak üzerinde ayrı değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi Tarafından Desteklenmiştir. Proje No

Turkey is a vast country with varied climate, ranging from very hot to the Mediterranean to very cold; it is also a populace nation with close to 70 million inhabitants, the majority of which is young and will require new housing in the coming two decades. It is estimated that more than 75 percent of the population is living in urban areas and a significant portion, almost 60 percent of it, belonged to lower income group, many of whom are living in gecekondus, or squatter settlements1 (please get the latest stats). Therefore, it is vital for design professionals to look for cost effective sustainable housing design solutions for the poor and rapidly growing middle-classes of Turkey. As the Standard of living in Turkey improves patterns of energy consumption, particularly in its urban areas and housing is also changing: Traditionally very few people owned cars and homes were neither heated nor air-conditioned, but now, the use of energy for urban transport and heating and cooling of buildings is growing. Although well endowed with renewable hydro power resources, Turkey has very limited oil and natural gas reserves; hence, it is essential to seek energy efficient sustainable housing solutions. Working with my colleagues and me at McGill University, from August to December 2006, under the auspicious of TÜBİTAK, the Turkish Scintific Research Institute, Dr. Meltem Yılmaz, developed guidelines for Sustainable housing designs for Turkey. Her fieldwork also included the study of several successful Canadian sustainable housing projects realized in the last decade. The objective was not to copy these examples, but to look at them critically. and learn both positive and negative aspects of such model projects. This was the first collaborative research project supported by TUBITAK between McGill University School of Architecture and Hacettepe University. I am pleased to see that Dr. Yilmaz's work is being published by the Hacettepe University. As an architect involved in the field of human settlements and housing I am interested in understanding and addressing challenges related to where and how ordinary people live, the choice of which, particularly in the west, has already been made. Major environmental challenges of today such as climate change and environmental degradation are the result of these human choices. More importantly, the future of our planet hangs in balance; it will be determined by the kind of built environment -cities- we will create in the developing and transitional economies like Brazil, China, India and Turkey. This small book takes a modest but concrete step showing us how we can manage to turn around our voracious and energy hungry urban sprawl and wasteful ways. This is a timely and valuable study which will be useful for students as well as professional architects and planners. It will also serve as a good guide for the decision makers working with local authorities.

In mass production, assembly-line balancing (ALB) problem has been a critical and repetitive issue for companies for long time. On the other hand, equipment selection for stations has also been another important problem at the design stage of an assembly-line system. In this paper, both problems are handled simultaneously. Therefore first, goal programming (GP) method, a well-suited technique is used to develop a preemptive formulation to joint both of the problems, when the nature of the problem consists of several conflicting objectives, and some mathematical constraints on solutions. Second, an AHP method based on fuzzy scales which is incorporated with the GP is also used due to the fact that it takes both qualitative and quantitative judgments of decision-maker(s) into consideration to rank the equipment alternatives for stations by weight. The fuzzy AHP as one of the most commonly used multiple-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods has been effectively used for more than decade in both academic research and practice, and takes the vagueness and uncertainty on judgments of decision-maker(s) into consideration due to the fact that the crisp pairwise comparison in the conventional AHP seems to insufficient and imprecise to capture the right judgments of decision-maker(s). In short, in this study, a combined fuzzy AHP-GP approach is proposed to evaluating assembly-line design alternatives with equipment selection. An integer GP formulation is constructed, which also uses the fuzzy AHP scores of equipment alternatives, and employs them as one of the goals. Then, the mathematical model is solved to find out the ultimate alternative in terms of the minimized equipment cost and the maximized preference measures of decision-maker(s). The proposed approach is also illustrated on a sample case study.

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2002, Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2002, İniş takımı tasarımı, uçak tasarımının en önemli bölümlerinden biridir. Tasarım ve entegrasyon aşamasında yapı, ağırlık, pist dizaynı ve ekonomi gibi bir çok mühendislik faktörü göz önünde tutulur ve bu yüzden son yıllarda iniş takımı tasarımı çok komplike bir hale gelmiştir. Tasarım aşamasına ait dökümantasyon olduğu halde otomasyon düzeninde bir tasarım prosedürü hala geliştirilememiştir. Bunun sonucu olarak tasarım, o tasarımı yapan mühendisler, onların tecrübeleri ve grafiksel değerler tarafından yönlendirilmekle sınırlı kalır. Dünya endüstrisi ve devletler çok disiplinli tasarım optimizasyonuna ağırlık vermiş olmalarına rağmen, daha sistematik bir prosedür ihtiyacı artık kendini göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada üstünde çalışılan konuda, tasarımın özellikle geometri ve yapısal aşamasında analizlerin daha kolaylaştırılması amaçlanmış, tasarımın mühendislik aşamaları formülasyonlarla dökümente edilmiştir. Ulaşım uçağı ana iniş takımı tasarım ve yapısal bir analiz uygulamasına dair bir örnek verilmiştir., The design of the landing gear is one of the most fundamental aspects of aircraft design. The design and integration process encompasses numerous engineering disciplines, e.g., structure, weights, runway design, and economics, and has become extremely sophisticated in the last few decades. Although the design process is well documented, no attempt has been made until now in the development of a design methodology that can be used within an automated environment. As a result, the process remains to be a key responsibility for the configuration designer and is largely experience-based and graphically oriented. However, as industry and governments try to incorporate multidisciplinary design optimization methods in the conceptual design phase at whole world, the need for a more systematic procedure has become apparent. The development of a design methodology as described in this work is focused on providing the conceptual designer with tools to help automate the disciplinary analyses, particularly in geometry and structure. Documented design procedures and analyses were examined to determine their applicability, and to ensure compliance with current practices and regulations for a transport aircraft. In this work we will consider about design of main landing gear of a transport aircraft and study on a structural analysis of the design., Yüksek Lisans, M.Sc.

Tam metin/Full text, Kullanıcının öğrenme ortamı ile etkileşimine oIanak tanıyan simülasyon (benzeşim) programlarının, algılama ve zihinde tutmayı kolaylaştırdığı ve bu nedenle eğitimi etkin ve kalıcı kılarak motivasyonu arttırdığı bilinmektedir. Tüm bu özellikleri ile simülasyonların. BDE (Bilgisayar Destekli Eğitim) amaçlı yazılımlarında kullanımları kaçınılmaz bir gerekliliktir. Bu çalışmada. bir simülasyonun dizayn açısından bulundurması gerekli özellikler belirlenmiş ve bu özellikler yardımı ile bir örnek simülasyon tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmada Dinamiğin temel yasası olarak bilinen Newton'un II. Hareket yasasından çıkan sonuçlar incelenmiş, geliştirme aracı olarak Delphi ve Flash 5. görsel tasarım arıcı olarak Photoshop kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında bilgisayar okur-yazarlık düzeyi farklı 25 kullanıcı üzerinde gerek kullanımları süresince gözlem altında tuttularak gerekse bireysel görüşmeler yapılarak test edilen simülasyonu kullanıcı açısından beklenen verimi sağladığı tespit edilmiştir, The idea that the simulation programmes allow users to participate in and interact with the learning environment and therefore facilitate learning process by inereasing perception has already been accepted among the cognivite psycologists and educators. Thus simulation programmes inerease motivation for learning and make education more effective and permanent. Due to these reasons it becomes inevitable to use simulation programmes in BDE (Computer Aided Education) softwares. In the desing of the simulation the results derived from II. Motion Law of Newton which is commonly known as the principal rule of Dynamics were examined and Delphi and Flash 5 were used a improvement device. Nad Photoshop was used as the visual desing device. In the second phase of the study 25 users with different computer literacy levels were observed while they were working with the simulation developed. Personal interviews were also conducted with the same users. The results indicated that simulation meets the expectations of the users.

TENMAK D.N. 7618 Gelişmekte olan ülkelerden biri olan Türkiye'de gelecekteki enerji arz ve talep açığını karşılamak üzere uzun zamandan beri nükleer enerji alternatifi başlıca çözüm yolu olarak görülmektedir. Kurulacak bir nükleer sanayinin ilk adımının ilerdeki gelişmelere açacağı yollar ve imkânlar dolayısıyle önemi çok büyüktür. Kısıtlı ekonomik imkanlara sahip gelişmekte olan bir ülke başlangıç safhasında seçeceği nükleer teknoloji hususunda pek titiz davranmak zorundadır. Bu düşünceler ışığı altında, ticarî olarak kullanılmakta olan ağır sulu reaktörlerin, en yaygın ticari reaktör tipi olan hafif sulu reaktörler karsısındaki durumunun ortaya çıkarılması istenilmektedir. Bu çalışmada ağır sulu reaktör tipi olarak seçilen CANDU'lar, zaman zaman hafif sulu reaktörlere ait bilgilerle karşılaştırılarak - Sistemin dizaynı ve nükleer emniyet özellikleri, - Kaynaklardan faydalanma ve materyel talebi, - İşletme tecrübesi, - Tesis ve enerji maliyeti bakımından ekonomisi, - Gelişme potansiyeli konularına göre İncelenmektedir. The energy supply and demand projections indicate that a deficit is expected to occur in meeting the energy demand in Turkey in near future. Nuclear energy has been and is being considered as the main alternative in covering this deficit. The first step in nuclear technology is quite important in the sense that it will dictate future energy policy due to the potentials of the type of reactor chosen. For a developing country like Turkey with limited economic resources at her disposal, the initial choice of the type of nuclear technology to be installed is of paramount importance. This study aims to survey the salient features of the commercially available heavy water reactors .(HWRs) with occasional references to the light water reactors (LWRs). CANDU reactors were chosen to represent heavy water reactors. The comparison was done for - System design and nuclear safety features, - Fuel utilization and material demand, - Operational experience, - Power generation and investment costs, - Future development potentials.