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1. Engagement and Participant Experiences With Consumer Smartwatches for Health Research: Longitudinal, Observational Feasibility Study

Author

Beukenhorst, Anna L, Howells, Kelly, Cook, Louise, McBeth, John, O'Neill, Terence W, Parkes, Matthew J, Sanders, Caroline, Sergeant, Jamie C, Weihrich, Katy S, and Dixon, William G

Subjects
Information technology, T58.5-58.64, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundWearables provide opportunities for frequent health data collection and symptom monitoring. The feasibility of using consumer cellular smartwatches to provide information both on symptoms and contemporary sensor data has not yet been investigated. ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of using cellular smartwatches to capture multiple patient-reported outcomes per day alongside continuous physical activity data over a 3-month period in people living with knee osteoarthritis (OA). MethodsFor the KOALAP (Knee OsteoArthritis: Linking Activity and Pain) study, a novel cellular smartwatch app for health data collection was developed. Participants (age ≥50 years; self-diagnosed knee OA) received a smartwatch (Huawei Watch 2) with the KOALAP app. When worn, the watch collected sensor data and prompted participants to self-report outcomes multiple times per day. Participants were invited for a baseline and follow-up interview to discuss their motivations and experiences. Engagement with the watch was measured using daily watch wear time and the percentage completion of watch questions. Interview transcripts were analyzed using grounded thematic analysis. ResultsA total of 26 people participated in the study. Good use and engagement were observed over 3 months: most participants wore the watch on 75% (68/90) of days or more, for a median of 11 hours. The number of active participants declined over the study duration, especially in the final week. Among participants who remained active, neither watch time nor question completion percentage declined over time. Participants were mainly motivated to learn about their symptoms and enjoyed the self-tracking aspects of the watch. Barriers to full engagement were battery life limitations, technical problems, and unfulfilled expectations of the watch. Participants reported that they would have liked to report symptoms more than 4 or 5 times per day. ConclusionsThis study shows that capture of patient-reported outcomes multiple times per day with linked sensor data from a smartwatch is feasible over at least a 3-month period. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/10238

Published
2020
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2. Observations of the Ultraviolet-Bright Star ZNG 1 in the Globular Cluster M5 (NGC 5904)

Author

Dixon, William V.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We have analyzed archival spectra of the hot UV-bright star ZNG 1 in the globular cluster M5 (NGC 5904) obtained with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) and the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS). From these data, we derive an effective temperature $T_{\rm eff} = 43{,}000 \pm 1400$ K, a surface gravity $\log g = 4.47 \pm 0.08$, a rotational velocity $v \sin i = 157 \pm 12$ km s$^{-1}$, and a mass $M = 0.92 \pm 0.17 \, M_{\odot}$. The atmosphere is helium-rich ($Y = 0.99$) and enhanced in CNO (relative to the cluster). The spectrum exhibits wind features with a terminal velocity near 1500 km s$^{-1}$ and strong discrete absorption components (DACs). The high helium abundance, stellar mass, and rotational velocity suggest that the star is a merger remnant, and its parameters are consistent with models of a pair of merging He-core white dwarfs., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, to be published in the Astronomical Journal

Published
2023

3. Exploring the Consistency, Quality and Challenges in Manual and Automated Coding of Free-text Diagnoses from Hospital Outpatient Letters

Author

Del-Pinto, Warren, Demetriou, George, Jani, Meghna, Patel, Rikesh, Gray, Leanne, Bulcock, Alex, Peek, Niels, Kanter, Andrew S., Dixon, William G, and Nenadic, Goran

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

Coding of unstructured clinical free-text to produce interoperable structured data is essential to improve direct care, support clinical communication and to enable clinical research.However, manual clinical coding is difficult and time consuming, which motivates the development and use of natural language processing for automated coding. This work evaluates the quality and consistency of both manual and automated clinical coding of diagnoses from hospital outpatient letters. Using 100 randomly selected letters, two human clinicians performed coding of diagnosis lists to SNOMED CT. Automated coding was also performed using IMO's Concept Tagger. A gold standard was constructed by a panel of clinicians from a subset of the annotated diagnoses. This was used to evaluate the quality and consistency of both manual and automated coding via (1) a distance-based metric, treating SNOMED CT as a graph, and (2) a qualitative metric agreed upon by the panel of clinicians. Correlation between the two metrics was also evaluated. Comparing human and computer-generated codes to the gold standard, the results indicate that humans slightly out-performed automated coding, while both performed notably better when there was only a single diagnosis contained in the free-text description. Automated coding was considered acceptable by the panel of clinicians in approximately 90% of cases.

Published
2023

4. Evidence of Third Dredge-Up in Post-AGB Stars in Galactic Globular Clusters

Author

Dixon, William V.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

To better understand the mixing and mass loss experienced by low-mass stars as they ascend the asymptotic giant branch (AGB), I have gathered from the literature the abundances of CNO and s-process elements in post-AGB stars in Galactic globular clusters. These species are mixed to the surface during third dredge-up (3DU) events, so their abundance should increase as the star ascends the AGB. Of the 17 stars in this sample, CNO abundances are available for 11. Of these, four are enhanced in CNO relative to the RGB stars from which they descended, which I take as evidence of 3DU on the AGB. The enhancement is mainly in the form of carbon. Of the six stars for which only heavy-element abundances are available, one shows s-process enhancements that previous authors have interpreted as evidence of 3DU. Combining these 17 stars with other recent samples reveals that most globular-cluster post-AGB stars have luminosities log (L/L_sun) ~ 3.25. They are the progeny of blue horizontal-branch (HB) stars in clusters with intermediate metallicity ([Fe/H] ~ -1.5). A second group consists of sub-luminous stars associated with high-metallicity clusters ([Fe/H] ~ -1.0) with red HBs. They may be burning helium, rather than hydrogen. A third group of hot, super-luminous stars is evolving quickly across the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. Some of them may be merger remnants., Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023

5. Recruitment and Ongoing Engagement in a UK Smartphone Study Examining the Association Between Weather and Pain: Cohort Study

Author

Druce, Katie L, McBeth, John, van der Veer, Sabine N, Selby, David A, Vidgen, Bertie, Georgatzis, Konstantinos, Hellman, Bruce, Lakshminarayana, Rashmi, Chowdhury, Afiqul, Schultz, David M, Sanders, Caroline, Sergeant, Jamie C, and Dixon, William G

Subjects
Information technology, T58.5-58.64, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundThe huge increase in smartphone use heralds an enormous opportunity for epidemiology research, but there is limited evidence regarding long-term engagement and attrition in mobile health (mHealth) studies. ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine how representative the Cloudy with a Chance of Pain study population is of wider chronic-pain populations and to explore patterns of engagement among participants during the first 6 months of the study. MethodsParticipants in the United Kingdom who had chronic pain (≥3 months) and enrolled between January 20, 2016 and January 29, 2016 were eligible if they were aged ≥17 years and used the study app to report any of 10 pain-related symptoms during the study period. Participant characteristics were compared with data from the Health Survey for England (HSE) 2011. Distinct clusters of engagement over time were determined using first-order hidden Markov models, and participant characteristics were compared between the clusters. ResultsCompared with the data from the HSE, our sample comprised a higher proportion of women (80.51%, 5129/6370 vs 55.61%, 4782/8599) and fewer persons at the extremes of age (16-34 and 75+). Four clusters of engagement were identified: high (13.60%, 865/6370), moderate (21.76%, 1384/6370), low (39.35%, 2503/6370), and tourists (25.44%, 1618/6370), between which median days of data entry ranged from 1 (interquartile range; IQR: 1-1; tourist) to 149 (124-163; high). Those in the high-engagement cluster were typically older, whereas those in the tourist cluster were mostly male. Few other differences distinguished the clusters. ConclusionsCloudy with a Chance of Pain demonstrates a rapid and successful recruitment of a large, representative, and engaged sample of people with chronic pain and provides strong evidence to suggest that smartphones could provide a viable alternative to traditional data collection methods.

Published
2017
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6. Remote monitoring of rheumatoid arthritis (REMORA): study protocol for a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial and process evaluation of an integrated symptom tracking intervention

Author

van der Veer, Sabine N., Griffiths-Jones, Deb, Parkes, Matthew, Druce, Katie L., Amlani-Hatcher, Paul, Armitage, Christopher J., Bansback, Nicholas, Bower, Peter, Dowding, Dawn, Ellis, Benjamin, Firth, Jill, Gavan, Sean, Mackey, Elaine, Sanders, Caroline, Sharp, Charlotte A., Staniland, Karen, and Dixon, William G.

Published
2024
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7. Digital endpoints in clinical trials: emerging themes from a multi-stakeholder Knowledge Exchange event

Author

Tackney, Mia S., Steele, Amber, Newman, Joseph, Fritzsche, Marie-Christine, Lucivero, Federica, Khadjesari, Zarnie, Lynch, Jennifer, Abbott, Rosemary A., Barber, Vicki S., Carpenter, James R., Copsey, Bethan, Davies, Elin H., Dixon, William G., Fox, Lisa, González, Javier, Griffiths, Jessica, Hinchliffe, Chloe H. L., Kolanko, Magdalena A., McGagh, Dylan, Rodriguez, Aryelly, Roussos, George, So, Karen B. E., Stanton, Louise, Toshner, Mark, Varian, Frances, Williamson, Paula R., Yimer, Belay B., and Villar, Sofía S.

Published
2024
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8. Cloudy with a Chance of Pain: Engagement and Subsequent Attrition of Daily Data Entry in a Smartphone Pilot Study Tracking Weather, Disease Severity, and Physical Activity in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Author

Reade, Samuel, Spencer, Karen, Sergeant, Jamie C, Sperrin, Matthew, Schultz, David M, Ainsworth, John, Lakshminarayana, Rashmi, Hellman, Bruce, James, Ben, McBeth, John, Sanders, Caroline, and Dixon, William G

Subjects
Information technology, T58.5-58.64, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundThe increasing ownership of smartphones provides major opportunities for epidemiological research through self-reported and passively collected data. ObjectiveThis pilot study aimed to codesign a smartphone app to assess associations between weather and joint pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to study the success of daily self-reported data entry over a 60-day period and the enablers of and barriers to data collection. MethodsA patient and public involvement group (n=5) and 2 focus groups of patients with RA (n=9) supported the codesign of the app collecting self-reported symptoms. A separate “capture app” was designed to collect global positioning system (GPS) and continuous raw accelerometer data, with the GPS-linking providing local weather data. A total of 20 patients with RA were then recruited to collect daily data for 60 days, with entry and exit interviews. Of these, 17 were loaned an Android smartphone, whereas 3 used their own Android smartphones. ResultsOf the 20 patients, 6 (30%) withdrew from the study: 4 because of technical challenges and 2 for health reasons. The mean completion of daily entries was 68% over 2 months. Patients entered data at least five times per week 65% of the time. Reasons for successful engagement included a simple graphical user interface, automated reminders, visualization of data, and eagerness to contribute to this easily understood research question. The main barrier to continuing engagement was impaired battery life due to the accelerometer data capture app. For some, successful engagement required ongoing support in using the smartphones. ConclusionsThis successful pilot study has demonstrated that daily data collection using smartphones for health research is feasible and achievable with high levels of ongoing engagement over 2 months. This result opens important opportunities for large-scale longitudinal epidemiological research.

Published
2017
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9. The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Author

Gardner, Jonathan P., Mather, John C., Abbott, Randy, Abell, James S., Abernathy, Mark, Abney, Faith E., Abraham, John G., Abraham, Roberto, Abul-Huda, Yasin M., Acton, Scott, Adams, Cynthia K., Adams, Evan, Adler, David S., Adriaensen, Maarten, Aguilar, Jonathan Albert, Ahmed, Mansoor, Ahmed, Nasif S., Ahmed, Tanjira, Albat, Rüdeger, Albert, Loïc, Alberts, Stacey, Aldridge, David, Allen, Mary Marsha, Allen, Shaune S., Altenburg, Martin, Altunc, Serhat, Alvarez, Jose Lorenzo, Álvarez-Márquez, Javier, de Oliveira, Catarina Alves, Ambrose, Leslie L., Anandakrishnan, Satya M., Andersen, Gregory C., Anderson, Harry James, Anderson, Jay, Anderson, Kristen, Anderson, Sara M., Aprea, Julio, Archer, Benita J., Arenberg, Jonathan W., Argyriou, Ioannis, Arribas, Santiago, Artigau, Étienne, Arvai, Amanda Rose, Atcheson, Paul, Atkinson, Charles B., Averbukh, Jesse, Aymergen, Cagatay, Bacinski, John J., Baggett, Wayne E., Bagnasco, Giorgio, Baker, Lynn L., Balzano, Vicki Ann, Banks, Kimberly A., Baran, David A., Barker, Elizabeth A., Barrett, Larry K., Barringer, Bruce O., Barto, Allison, Bast, William, Baudoz, Pierre, Baum, Stefi, Beatty, Thomas G., Beaulieu, Mathilde, Bechtold, Kathryn, Beck, Tracy, Beddard, Megan M., Beichman, Charles, Bellagama, Larry, Bely, Pierre, Berger, Timothy W., Bergeron, Louis E., Darveau-Bernier, Antoine, Bertch, Maria D., Beskow, Charlotte, Betz, Laura E., Biagetti, Carl P., Birkmann, Stephan, Bjorklund, Kurt F., Blackwood, James D., Blazek, Ronald Paul, Blossfeld, Stephen, Bluth, Marcel, Boccaletti, Anthony, Boegner Jr., Martin E., Bohlin, Ralph C., Boia, John Joseph, Böker, Torsten, Bonaventura, N., Bond, Nicholas A., Bosley, Kari Ann, Boucarut, Rene A., Bouchet, Patrice, Bouwman, Jeroen, Bower, Gary, Bowers, Ariel S., Bowers, Charles W., Boyce, Leslye A., Boyer, Christine T., Boyer, Martha L., Boyer, Michael, Boyer, Robert, Bradley, Larry D., Brady, Gregory R., Brandl, Bernhard R., Brannen, Judith L., Breda, David, Bremmer, Harold G., Brennan, David, Bresnahan, Pamela A., Bright, Stacey N., Broiles, Brian J., Bromenschenkel, Asa, Brooks, Brian H., Brooks, Keira J., Brown, Bob, Brown, Bruce, Brown, Thomas M., Bruce, Barry W., Bryson, Jonathan G., Bujanda, Edwin D., Bullock, Blake M., Bunker, A. J., Bureo, Rafael, Burt, Irving J., Bush, James Aaron, Bushouse, Howard A., Bussman, Marie C., Cabaud, Olivier, Cale, Steven, Calhoon, Charles D., Calvani, Humberto, Canipe, Alicia M., Caputo, Francis M., Cara, Mihai, Carey, Larkin, Case, Michael Eli, Cesari, Thaddeus, Cetorelli, Lee D., Chance, Don R., Chandler, Lynn, Chaney, Dave, Chapman, George N., Charlot, S., Chayer, Pierre, Cheezum, Jeffrey I., Chen, Bin, Chen, Christine H., Cherinka, Brian, Chichester, Sarah C., Chilton, Zachary S., Chittiraibalan, Dharini, Clampin, Mark, Clark, Charles R., Clark, Kerry W., Clark, Stephanie M., Claybrooks, Edward E., Cleveland, Keith A., Cohen, Andrew L., Cohen, Lester M., Colón, Knicole D., Coleman, Benee L., Colina, Luis, Comber, Brian J., Comeau, Thomas M., Comer, Thomas, Reis, Alain Conde, Connolly, Dennis C., Conroy, Kyle E., Contos, Adam R., Contreras, James, Cook, Neil J., Cooper, James L., Cooper, Rachel Aviva, Correia, Michael F., Correnti, Matteo, Cossou, Christophe, Costanza, Brian F., Coulais, Alain, Cox, Colin R., Coyle, Ray T., Cracraft, Misty M., Noriega-Crespo, Alberto, Crew, Keith A., Curtis, Gary J., Cusveller, Bianca, Maciel, Cleyciane Da Costa, Dailey, Christopher T., Daugeron, Frédéric, Davidson, Greg S., Davies, James E., Davis, Katherine Anne, Davis, Michael S., Day, Ratna, de Chambure, Daniel, de Jong, Pauline, De Marchi, Guido, Dean, Bruce H., Decker, John E., Delisa, Amy S., Dell, Lawrence C., Dellagatta, Gail, Dembinska, Franciszka, Demosthenes, Sandor, Dencheva, Nadezhda M., Deneu, Philippe, DePriest, William W., Deschenes, Jeremy, Dethienne, Nathalie, Detre, Örs Hunor, Diaz, Rosa Izela, Dicken, Daniel, DiFelice, Audrey S., Dillman, Matthew, Disharoon, Maureen O., van Dishoeck, Ewine F., Dixon, William V., Doggett, Jesse B., Dominguez, Keisha L., Donaldson, Thomas S., Doria-Warner, Cristina M., Santos, Tony Dos, Doty, Heather, Douglas Jr., Robert E., Doyon, René, Dressler, Alan, Driggers, Jennifer, Driggers, Phillip A., Dunn, Jamie L., DuPrie, Kimberly C., Dupuis, Jean, Durning, John, Dutta, Sanghamitra B., Earl, Nicholas M., Eccleston, Paul, Ecobichon, Pascal, Egami, Eiichi, Ehrenwinkler, Ralf, Eisenhamer, Jonathan D., Eisenhower, Michael, Eisenstein, Daniel J., Hamel, Zaky El, Elie, Michelle L., Elliott, James, Elliott, Kyle Wesley, Engesser, Michael, Espinoza, Néstor, Etienne, Odessa, Etxaluze, Mireya, Evans, Leah, Fabreguettes, Luce, Falcolini, Massimo, Falini, Patrick R., Fatig, Curtis, Feeney, Matthew, Feinberg, Lee D., Fels, Raymond, Ferdous, Nazma, Ferguson, Henry C., Ferrarese, Laura, Ferreira, Marie-Héléne, Ferruit, Pierre, Ferry, Malcolm, Filippazzo, Joseph Charles, Firre, Daniel, Fix, Mees, Flagey, Nicolas, Flanagan, Kathryn A., Fleming, Scott W., Florian, Michael, Flynn, James R., Foiadelli, Luca, Fontaine, Mark R., Fontanella, Erin Marie, Forshay, Peter Randolph, Fortner, Elizabeth A., Fox, Ori D., Framarini, Alexandro P., Francisco, John I., Franck, Randy, Franx, Marijn, Franz, David E., Friedman, Scott D., Friend, Katheryn E., Frost, James R., Fu, Henry, Fullerton, Alexander W., Gaillard, Lionel, Galkin, Sergey, Gallagher, Ben, Galyer, Anthony D., Marín, Macarena García, Gardner, Lisa E., Garland, Dennis, Garrett, Bruce Albert, Gasman, Danny, Gáspár, András, Gastaud, René, Gaudreau, Daniel, Gauthier, Peter Timothy, Geers, Vincent, Geithner, Paul H., Gennaro, Mario, Gerber, John, Gereau, John C., Giampaoli, Robert, Giardino, Giovanna, Gibbons, Paul C., Gilbert, Karolina, Gilman, Larry, Girard, Julien H., Giuliano, Mark E., Gkountis, Konstantinos, Glasse, Alistair, Glassmire, Kirk Zachary, Glauser, Adrian Michael, Glazer, Stuart D., Goldberg, Joshua, Golimowski, David A., Gonzaga, Shireen P., Gordon, Karl D., Gordon, Shawn J., Goudfrooij, Paul, Gough, Michael J., Graham, Adrian J., Grau, Christopher M., Green, Joel David, Greene, Gretchen R., Greene, Thomas P., Greenfield, Perry E., Greenhouse, Matthew A., Greve, Thomas R., Greville, Edgar M., Grimaldi, Stefano, Groe, Frank E., Groebner, Andrew, Grumm, David M., Grundy, Timothy, Güdel, Manuel, Guillard, Pierre, Guldalian, John, Gunn, Christopher A., Gurule, Anthony, Gutman, Irvin Meyer, Guy, Paul D., Guyot, Benjamin, Hack, Warren J., Haderlein, Peter, Hagan, James B., Hagedorn, Andria, Hainline, Kevin, Haley, Craig, Hami, Maryam, Hamilton, Forrest Clifford, Hammann, Jeffrey, Hammel, Heidi B., Hanley, Christopher J., Hansen, Carl August, Hardy, Bruce, Harnisch, Bernd, Harr, Michael Hunter, Harris, Pamela, Hart, Jessica Ann, Hartig, George F., Hasan, Hashima, Hashim, Kathleen Marie, Hashimoto, Ryan, Haskins, Sujee J., Hawkins, Robert Edward, Hayden, Brian, Hayden, William L., Healy, Mike, Hecht, Karen, Heeg, Vince J., Hejal, Reem, Helm, Kristopher A., Hengemihle, Nicholas J., Henning, Thomas, Henry, Alaina, Henry, Ronald L., Henshaw, Katherine, Hernandez, Scarlin, Herrington, Donald C., Heske, Astrid, Hesman, Brigette Emily, Hickey, David L., Hilbert, Bryan N., Hines, Dean C., Hinz, Michael R., Hirsch, Michael, Hitcho, Robert S., Hodapp, Klaus, Hodge, Philip E., Hoffman, Melissa, Holfeltz, Sherie T., Holler, Bryan Jason, Hoppa, Jennifer Rose, Horner, Scott, Howard, Joseph M., Howard, Richard J., Huber, Jean M., Hunkeler, Joseph S., Hunter, Alexander, Hunter, David Gavin, Hurd, Spencer W., Hurst, Brendan J., Hutchings, John B., Hylan, Jason E., Ignat, Luminita Ilinca, Illingworth, Garth, Irish, Sandra M., Isaacs III, John C., Jackson Jr., Wallace C., Jaffe, Daniel T., Jahic, Jasmin, Jahromi, Amir, Jakobsen, Peter, James, Bryan, James, John C., James, LeAndrea Rae, Jamieson, William Brian, Jandra, Raymond D., Jayawardhana, Ray, Jedrzejewski, Robert, Jeffers, Basil S., Jensen, Peter, Joanne, Egges, Johns, Alan T., Johnson, Carl A., Johnson, Eric L., Johnson, Patricia, Johnson, Phillip Stephen, Johnson, Thomas K., Johnson, Timothy W., Johnstone, Doug, Jollet, Delphine, Jones, Danny P., Jones, Gregory S., Jones, Olivia C., Jones, Ronald A., Jones, Vicki, Jordan, Ian J., Jordan, Margaret E., Jue, Reginald, Jurkowski, Mark H., Justis, Grant, Justtanont, Kay, Kaleida, Catherine C., Kalirai, Jason S., Kalmanson, Phillip Cabrales, Kaltenegger, Lisa, Kammerer, Jens, Kan, Samuel K., Kanarek, Graham Childs, Kao, Shaw-Hong, Karakla, Diane M., Karl, Hermann, Kassin, Susan A., Kauffman, David D., Kavanagh, Patrick, Kelley, Leigh L., Kelly, Douglas M., Kendrew, Sarah, Kennedy, Herbert V., Kenny, Deborah A., Keski-Kuha, Ritva A., Keyes, Charles D., Khan, Ali, Kidwell, Richard C., Kimble, Randy A., King, James S., King, Richard C., Kinzel, Wayne M., Kirk, Jeffrey R., Kirkpatrick, Marc E., Klaassen, Pamela, Klingemann, Lana, Klintworth, Paul U., Knapp, Bryan Adam, Knight, Scott, Knollenberg, Perry J., Knutsen, Daniel Mark, Koehler, Robert, Koekemoer, Anton M., Kofler, Earl T., Kontson, Vicki L., Kovacs, Aiden Rose, Kozhurina-Platais, Vera, Krause, Oliver, Kriss, Gerard A., Krist, John, Kristoffersen, Monica R., Krogel, Claudia, Krueger, Anthony P., Kulp, Bernard A., Kumari, Nimisha, Kwan, Sandy W., Kyprianou, Mark, Labador, Aurora Gadiano, Labiano, Álvaro, Lafrenière, David, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Laidler, Victoria G., Laine, Benoit, Laird, Simon, Lajoie, Charles-Philippe, Lallo, Matthew D., Lam, May Yen, LaMassa, Stephanie Marie, Lambros, Scott D., Lampenfield, Richard Joseph, Lander, Matthew Ed, Langston, James Hutton, Larson, Kirsten, Larson, Melora, LaVerghetta, Robert Joseph, Law, David R., Lawrence, Jon F., Lee, David W., Lee, Janice, Lee, Yat-Ning Paul, Leisenring, Jarron, Leveille, Michael Dunlap, Levenson, Nancy A., Levi, Joshua S., Levine, Marie B., Lewis, Dan, Lewis, Jake, Lewis, Nikole, Libralato, Mattia, Lidon, Norbert, Liebrecht, Paula Louisa, Lightsey, Paul, Lilly, Simon, Lim, Frederick C., Lim, Pey Lian, Ling, Sai-Kwong, Link, Lisa J., Link, Miranda Nicole, Lipinski, Jamie L., Liu, XiaoLi, Lo, Amy S., Lobmeyer, Lynette, Logue, Ryan M., Long, Chris A., Long, Douglas R., Long, Ilana D., Long, Knox S., López-Caniego, Marcos, Lotz, Jennifer M., Love-Pruitt, Jennifer M., Lubskiy, Michael, Luers, Edward B., Luetgens, Robert A., Luevano, Annetta J., Lui, Sarah Marie G. Flores, Lund III, James M., Lundquist, Ray A., Lunine, Jonathan, Lützgendorf, Nora, Lynch, Richard J., MacDonald, Alex J., MacDonald, Kenneth, Macias, Matthew J., Macklis, Keith I., Maghami, Peiman, Maharaja, Rishabh Y., Maiolino, Roberto, Makrygiannis, Konstantinos G., Malla, Sunita Giri, Malumuth, Eliot M., Manjavacas, Elena, Marini, Andrea, Marrione, Amanda, Marston, Anthony, Martel, André R, Martin, Didier, Martin, Peter G., Martinez, Kristin L., Maschmann, Marc, Masci, Gregory L., Masetti, Margaret E., Maszkiewicz, Michael, Matthews, Gary, Matuskey, Jacob E., McBrayer, Glen A., McCarthy, Donald W., McCaughrean, Mark J., McClare, Leslie A., McClare, Michael D., McCloskey, John C., McClurg, Taylore D., McCoy, Martin, McElwain, Michael W., McGregor, Roy D., McGuffey, Douglas B., McKay, Andrew G., McKenzie, William K., McLean, Brian, McMaster, Matthew, McNeil, Warren, De Meester, Wim, Mehalick, Kimberly L., Meixner, Margaret, Meléndez, Marcio, Menzel, Michael P., Menzel, Michael T., Merz, Matthew, Mesterharm, David D., Meyer, Michael R., Meyett, Michele L., Meza, Luis E., Midwinter, Calvin, Milam, Stefanie N., Miller, Jay Todd, Miller, William C., Miskey, Cherie L., Misselt, Karl, Mitchell, Eileen P., Mohan, Martin, Montoya, Emily E., Moran, Michael J., Morishita, Takahiro, Moro-Martín, Amaya, Morrison, Debra L., Morrison, Jane, Morse, Ernie C., Moschos, Michael, Moseley, S. H., Mosier, Gary E., Mosner, Peter, Mountain, Matt, Muckenthaler, Jason S., Mueller, Donald G., Mueller, Migo, Muhiem, Daniella, Mühlmann, Prisca, Mullally, Susan Elizabeth, Mullen, Stephanie M., Munger, Alan J, Murphy, Jess, Murray, Katherine T., Muzerolle, James C., Mycroft, Matthew, Myers, Andrew, Myers, Carey R., Myers, Fred Richard R., Myers, Richard, Myrick, Kaila, Nagle IV, Adrian F., Nayak, Omnarayani, Naylor, Bret, Neff, Susan G., Nelan, Edmund P., Nella, John, Nguyen, Duy Tuong, Nguyen, Michael N., Nickson, Bryony, Nidhiry, John Joseph, Niedner, Malcolm B., Nieto-Santisteban, Maria, Nikolov, Nikolay K., Nishisaka, Mary Ann, Nota, Antonella, O'Mara, Robyn C., Oboryshko, Michael, O'Brien, Marcus B., Ochs, William R., Offenberg, Joel D., Ogle, Patrick Michael, Ohl, Raymond G., Olmsted, Joseph Hamden, Osborne, Shannon Barbara, O'Shaughnessy, Brian Patrick, Östlin, Göran, O'Sullivan, Brian, Otor, O. Justin, Ottens, Richard, Ouellette, Nathalie N. -Q., Outlaw, Daria J., Owens, Beverly A., Pacifici, Camilla, Page, James Christophe, Paranilam, James G., Park, Sang, Parrish, Keith A., Paschal, Laura, Patapis, Polychronis, Patel, Jignasha, Patrick, Keith, Pattishall Jr., Robert A., Paul, Douglas William, Paul, Shirley J., Pauly, Tyler Andrew, Pavlovsky, Cheryl M., Peña-Guerrero, Maria, Pedder, Andrew H., Peek, Matthew Weldon, Pelham, Patricia A., Penanen, Konstantin, Perriello, Beth A., Perrin, Marshall D., Perrine, Richard F., Perrygo, Chuck, Peslier, Muriel, Petach, Michael, Peterson, Karla A., Pfarr, Tom, Pierson, James M., Pietraszkiewicz, Martin, Pilchen, Guy, Pipher, Judy L., Pirzkal, Norbert, Pitman, Joseph T., Player, Danielle M., Plesha, Rachel, Plitzke, Anja, Pohner, John A., Poletis, Karyn Konstantin, Pollizzi, Joseph A., Polster, Ethan, Pontius, James T., Pontoppidan, Klaus, Porges, Susana C., Potter, Gregg D., Prescott, Stephen, Proffitt, Charles R., Pueyo, Laurent, Neira, Irma Aracely Quispe, Radich, Armando, Rager, Reiko T., Rameau, Julien, Ramey, Deborah D., Alarcon, Rafael Ramos, Rampini, Riccardo, Rapp, Robert, Rashford, Robert A., Rauscher, Bernard J., Ravindranath, Swara, Rawle, Timothy, Rawlings, Tynika N., Ray, Tom, Regan, Michael W., Rehm, Brian, Rehm, Kenneth D., Reid, Neill, Reis, Carl A., Renk, Florian, Reoch, Tom B., Ressler, Michael, Rest, Armin W., Reynolds, Paul J., Richon, Joel G., Richon, Karen V., Ridgaway, Michael, Riedel, Adric Richard, Rieke, George H., Rieke, Marcia, Rifelli, Richard E., Rigby, Jane R., Riggs, Catherine S., Ringel, Nancy J., Ritchie, Christine E., Rix, Hans-Walter, Robberto, Massimo, Robinson, Michael S., Robinson, Orion, Rock, Frank W., Rodriguez, David R., del Pino, Bruno Rodríguez, Roellig, Thomas, Rohrbach, Scott O., Roman, Anthony J., Romelfanger, Frederick J., Romo Jr., Felipe P., Rosales, Jose J., Rose, Perry, Roteliuk, Anthony F., Roth, Marc N., Rothwell, Braden Quinn, Rouzaud, Sylvain, Rowe, Jason, Rowlands, Neil, Roy, Arpita, Royer, Pierre, Rui, Chunlei, Rumler, Peter, Rumpl, William, Russ, Melissa L., Ryan, Michael B., Ryan, Richard M., Saad, Karl, Sabata, Modhumita, Sabatino, Rick, Sabbi, Elena, Sabelhaus, Phillip A., Sabia, Stephen, Sahu, Kailash C., Saif, Babak N., Salvignol, Jean-Christophe, Samara-Ratna, Piyal, Samuelson, Bridget S., Sanders, Felicia A., Sappington, Bradley, Sargent, B. A., Sauer, Arne, Savadkin, Bruce J., Sawicki, Marcin, Schappell, Tina M., Scheffer, Caroline, Scheithauer, Silvia, Scherer, Ron, Schiff, Conrad, Schlawin, Everett, Schmeitzky, Olivier, Schmitz, Tyler S., Schmude, Donald J., Schneider, Analyn, Schreiber, Jürgen, Schroeven-Deceuninck, Hilde, Schultz, John J., Schwab, Ryan, Schwartz, Curtis H., Scoccimarro, Dario, Scott, John F., Scott, Michelle B., Seaton, Bonita L., Seely, Bruce S., Seery, Bernard, Seidleck, Mark, Sembach, Kenneth, Shanahan, Clare Elizabeth, Shaughnessy, Bryan, Shaw, Richard A., Shay, Christopher Michael, Sheehan, Even, Sheth, Kartik, Shih, Hsin-Yi, Shivaei, Irene, Siegel, Noah, Sienkiewicz, Matthew G., Simmons, Debra D., Simon, Bernard P., Sirianni, Marco, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Slade, Jeffrey E., Sloan, G. C., Slocum, Christine E., Slowinski, Steven E., Smith, Corbett T., Smith, Eric P., Smith, Erin C., Smith, Koby, Smith, Robert, Smith, Stephanie J., Smolik, John L., Soderblom, David R., Sohn, Sangmo Tony, Sokol, Jeff, Sonneborn, George, Sontag, Christopher D., Sooy, Peter R., Soummer, Remi, Southwood, Dana M., Spain, Kay, Sparmo, Joseph, Speer, David T., Spencer, Richard, Sprofera, Joseph D., Stallcup, Scott S., Stanley, Marcia K., Stansberry, John A., Stark, Christopher C., Starr, Carl W., Stassi, Diane Y., Steck, Jane A., Steeley, Christine D., Stephens, Matthew A., Stephenson, Ralph J., Stewart, Alphonso C., Stiavelli, Massimo, Stockman Jr., Hervey, Strada, Paolo, Straughn, Amber N., Streetman, Scott, Strickland, David Kendal, Strobele, Jingping F., Stuhlinger, Martin, Stys, Jeffrey Edward, Such, Miguel, Sukhatme, Kalyani, Sullivan, Joseph F., Sullivan, Pamela C., Sumner, Sandra M., Sun, Fengwu, Sunnquist, Benjamin Dale, Swade, Daryl Allen, Swam, Michael S., Swenton, Diane F., Swoish, Robby A., Litten, Oi In Tam, Tamas, Laszlo, Tao, Andrew, Taylor, David K., Taylor, Joanna M., Plate, Maurice te, Van Tea, Mason, Teague, Kelly K., Telfer, Randal C., Temim, Tea, Texter, Scott C., Thatte, Deepashri G., Thompson, Christopher Lee, Thompson, Linda M., Thomson, Shaun R., Thronson, Harley, Tierney, C. M., Tikkanen, Tuomo, Tinnin, Lee, Tippet, William Thomas, Todd, Connor William, Tran, Hien D., Trauger, John, Trejo, Edwin Gregorio, Truong, Justin Hoang Vinh, Tsukamoto, Christine L., Tufail, Yasir, Tumlinson, Jason, Tustain, Samuel, Tyra, Harrison, Ubeda, Leonardo, Underwood, Kelli, Uzzo, Michael A., Vaclavik, Steven, Valenduc, Frida, Valenti, Jeff A., Van Campen, Julie, van de Wetering, Inge, Van Der Marel, Roeland P., van Haarlem, Remy, Vandenbussche, Bart, Vanterpool, Dona D., Vernoy, Michael R., Costas, Maria Begoña Vila, Volk, Kevin, Voorzaat, Piet, Voyton, Mark F., Vydra, Ekaterina, Waddy, Darryl J., Waelkens, Christoffel, Wahlgren, Glenn Michael, Walker Jr., Frederick E., Wander, Michel, Warfield, Christine K., Warner, Gerald, Wasiak, Francis C., Wasiak, Matthew F., Wehner, James, Weiler, Kevin R., Weilert, Mark, Weiss, Stanley B., Wells, Martyn, Welty, Alan D., Wheate, Lauren, Wheeler, Thomas P., White, Christy L., Whitehouse, Paul, Whiteleather, Jennifer Margaret, Whitman, William Russell, Williams, Christina C., Willmer, Christopher N. A., Willott, Chris J., Willoughby, Scott P., Wilson, Andrew, Wilson, Debra, Wilson, Donna V., Windhorst, Rogier, Wislowski, Emily Christine, Wolfe, David J., Wolfe, Michael A., Wolff, Schuyler, Wondel, Amancio, Woo, Cindy, Woods, Robert T., Worden, Elaine, Workman, William, Wright, Gillian S., Wu, Carl, Wu, Chi-Rai, Wun, Dakin D., Wymer, Kristen B., Yadetie, Thomas, Yan, Isabelle C., Yang, Keith C., Yates, Kayla L., Yeager, Christopher R., Yerger, Ethan John, Young, Erick T., Young, Gary, Yu, Gene, Yu, Susan, Zak, Dean S., Zeidler, Peter, Zepp, Robert, Zhou, Julia, Zincke, Christian A., Zonak, Stephanie, and Zondag, Elisabeth

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit., Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023
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10. The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning

Author

Rigby, Jane, Perrin, Marshall, McElwain, Michael, Kimble, Randy, Friedman, Scott, Lallo, Matt, Doyon, René, Feinberg, Lee, Ferruit, Pierre, Glasse, Alistair, Rieke, Marcia, Rieke, George, Wright, Gillian, Willott, Chris, Colon, Knicole, Milam, Stefanie, Neff, Susan, Stark, Christopher, Valenti, Jeff, Abell, Jim, Abney, Faith, Abul-Huda, Yasin, Acton, D. Scott, Adams, Evan, Adler, David, Aguilar, Jonathan, Ahmed, Nasif, Albert, Loïc, Alberts, Stacey, Aldridge, David, Allen, Marsha, Altenburg, Martin, Marquez, Javier Alvarez, de Oliveira, Catarina Alves, Andersen, Greg, Anderson, Harry, Anderson, Sara, Argyriou, Ioannis, Armstrong, Amber, Arribas, Santiago, Artigau, Etienne, Arvai, Amanda, Atkinson, Charles, Bacon, Gregory, Bair, Thomas, Banks, Kimberly, Barrientes, Jaclyn, Barringer, Bruce, Bartosik, Peter, Bast, William, Baudoz, Pierre, Beatty, Thomas, Bechtold, Katie, Beck, Tracy, Bergeron, Eddie, Bergkoetter, Matthew, Bhatawdekar, Rachana, Birkmann, Stephan, Blazek, Ronald, Blome, Claire, Boccaletti, Anthony, Boeker, Torsten, Boia, John, Bonaventura, Nina, Bond, Nicholas, Bosley, Kari, Boucarut, Ray, Bourque, Matthew, Bouwman, Jeroen, Bower, Gary, Bowers, Charles, Boyer, Martha, Bradley, Larry, Brady, Greg, Braun, Hannah, Breda, David, Bresnahan, Pamela, Bright, Stacey, Britt, Christopher, Bromenschenkel, Asa, Brooks, Brian, Brooks, Keira, Brown, Bob, Brown, Matthew, Brown, Patricia, Bunker, Andy, Burger, Matthew, Bushouse, Howard, Cale, Steven, Cameron, Alex, Cameron, Peter, Canipe, Alicia, Caplinger, James, Caputo, Francis, Cara, Mihai, Carey, Larkin, Carniani, Stefano, Carrasquilla, Maria, Carruthers, Margaret, Case, Michael, Catherine, Riggs, Chance, Don, Chapman, George, Charlot, Stéphane, Charlow, Brian, Chayer, Pierre, Chen, Bin, Cherinka, Brian, Chichester, Sarah, Chilton, Zack, Chonis, Taylor, Clampin, Mark, Clark, Charles, Clark, Kerry, Coe, Dan, Coleman, Benee, Comber, Brian, Comeau, Tom, Connolly, Dennis, Cooper, James, Cooper, Rachel, Coppock, Eric, Correnti, Matteo, Cossou, Christophe, Coulais, Alain, Coyle, Laura, Cracraft, Misty, Curti, Mirko, Cuturic, Steven, Davis, Katherine, Davis, Michael, Dean, Bruce, DeLisa, Amy, deMeester, Wim, Dencheva, Nadia, Dencheva, Nadezhda, DePasquale, Joseph, Deschenes, Jeremy, Detre, Örs Hunor, Diaz, Rosa, Dicken, Dan, DiFelice, Audrey, Dillman, Matthew, Dixon, William, Doggett, Jesse, Donaldson, Tom, Douglas, Rob, DuPrie, Kimberly, Dupuis, Jean, Durning, John, Easmin, Nilufar, Eck, Weston, Edeani, Chinwe, Egami, Eiichi, Ehrenwinkler, Ralf, Eisenhamer, Jonathan, Eisenhower, Michael, Elie, Michelle, Elliott, James, Elliott, Kyle, Ellis, Tracy, Engesser, Michael, Espinoza, Nestor, Etienne, Odessa, Etxaluze, Mireya, Falini, Patrick, Feeney, Matthew, Ferry, Malcolm, Filippazzo, Joseph, Fincham, Brian, Fix, Mees, Flagey, Nicolas, Florian, Michael, Flynn, Jim, Fontanella, Erin, Ford, Terrance, Forshay, Peter, Fox, Ori, Franz, David, Fu, Henry, Fullerton, Alexander, Galkin, Sergey, Galyer, Anthony, Marin, Macarena Garcia, Gardner, Jonathan, Gardner, Lisa, Garland, Dennis, Garrett, Bruce, Gasman, Danny, Gaspar, Andras, Gaudreau, Daniel, Gauthier, Peter, Geers, Vincent, Geithner, Paul, Gennaro, Mario, Giardino, Giovanna, Girard, Julien, Giuliano, Mark, Glassmire, Kirk, Glauser, Adrian, Glazer, Stuart, Godfrey, John, Golimowski, David, Gollnitz, David, Gong, Fan, Gonzaga, Shireen, Gordon, Michael, Gordon, Karl, Goudfrooij, Paul, Greene, Thomas, Greenhouse, Matthew, Grimaldi, Stefano, Groebner, Andrew, Grundy, Timothy, Guillard, Pierre, Gutman, Irvin, Ha, Kong Q., Haderlein, Peter, Hagedorn, Andria, Hainline, Kevin, Haley, Craig, Hami, Maryam, Hamilton, Forrest, Hammel, Heidi, Hansen, Carl, Harkins, Tom, Harr, Michael, Hart, Jessica, Hart, Quyen, Hartig, George, Hashimoto, Ryan, Haskins, Sujee, Hathaway, William, Havey, Keith, Hayden, Brian, Hecht, Karen, Heller-Boyer, Chris, Henriques, Caroline, Henry, Alaina, Hermann, Karl, Hernandez, Scarlin, Hesman, Brigette, Hicks, Brian, Hilbert, Bryan, Hines, Dean, Hoffman, Melissa, Holfeltz, Sherie, Holler, Bryan J., Hoppa, Jennifer, Hott, Kyle, Howard, Joseph, Howard, Rick, Hunter, Alexander, Hunter, David, Hurst, Brendan, Husemann, Bernd, Hustak, Leah, Ignat, Luminita Ilinca, Illingworth, Garth, Irish, Sandra, Jackson, Wallace, Jahromi, Amir, Jakobsen, Peter, James, LeAndrea, James, Bryan, Januszewski, William, Jenkins, Ann, Jirdeh, Hussein, Johnson, Phillip, Johnson, Timothy, Jones, Vicki, Jones, Ron, Jones, Danny, Jones, Olivia, Jordan, Ian, Jordan, Margaret, Jurczyk, Sarah, Jurling, Alden, Kaleida, Catherine, Kalmanson, Phillip, Kammerer, Jens, Kang, Huijo, Kao, Shaw-Hong, Karakla, Diane, Kavanagh, Patrick, Kelly, Doug, Kendrew, Sarah, Kennedy, Herbert, Kenny, Deborah, Keski-kuha, Ritva, Keyes, Charles, Kidwell, Richard, Kinzel, Wayne, Kirk, Jeff, Kirkpatrick, Mark, Kirshenblat, Danielle, Klaassen, Pamela, Knapp, Bryan, Knight, J. Scott, Knollenberg, Perry, Koehler, Robert, Koekemoer, Anton, Kovacs, Aiden, Kulp, Trey, Kumari, Nimisha, Kyprianou, Mark, La Massa, Stephanie, Labador, Aurora, Ortega, Alvaro Labiano, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Lajoie, Charles-Phillipe, Lallo, Matthew, Lam, May, Lamb, Tracy, Lambros, Scott, Lampenfield, Richard, Langston, James, Larson, Kirsten, Law, David, Lawrence, Jon, Lee, David, Leisenring, Jarron, Lepo, Kelly, Leveille, Michael, Levenson, Nancy, Levine, Marie, Levy, Zena, Lewis, Dan, Lewis, Hannah, Libralato, Mattia, Lightsey, Paul, Link, Miranda, Liu, Lily, Lo, Amy, Lockwood, Alexandra, Logue, Ryan, Long, Chris, Long, Douglas, Loomis, Charles, Lopez-Caniego, Marcos, Alvarez, Jose Lorenzo, Love-Pruitt, Jennifer, Lucy, Adrian, Luetzgendorf, Nora, Maghami, Peiman, Maiolino, Roberto, Major, Melissa, Malla, Sunita, Malumuth, Eliot, Manjavacas, Elena, Mannfolk, Crystal, Marrione, Amanda, Marston, Anthony, Martel, André, Maschmann, Marc, Masci, Gregory, Masciarelli, Michaela, Maszkiewicz, Michael, Mather, John, McKenzie, Kenny, McLean, Brian, McMaster, Matthew, Melbourne, Katie, Meléndez, Marcio, Menzel, Michael, Merz, Kaiya, Meyett, Michele, Meza, Luis, Miskey, Cherie, Misselt, Karl, Moller, Christopher, Morrison, Jane, Morse, Ernie, Moseley, Harvey, Mosier, Gary, Mountain, Matt, Mueckay, Julio, Mueller, Michael, Mullally, Susan, Murphy, Jess, Murray, Katherine, Murray, Claire, Mustelier, David, Muzerolle, James, Mycroft, Matthew, Myers, Richard, Myrick, Kaila, Nanavati, Shashvat, Nance, Elizabeth, Nayak, Omnarayani, Naylor, Bret, Nelan, Edmund, Nickson, Bryony, Nielson, Alethea, Nieto-Santisteban, Maria, Nikolov, Nikolay, Noriega-Crespo, Alberto, O'Shaughnessy, Brian, O'Sullivan, Brian, Ochs, William, Ogle, Patrick, Oleszczuk, Brenda, Olmsted, Joseph, Osborne, Shannon, Ottens, Richard, Owens, Beverly, Pacifici, Camilla, Pagan, Alyssa, Page, James, Park, Sang, Parrish, Keith, Patapis, Polychronis, Paul, Lee, Pauly, Tyler, Pavlovsky, Cheryl, Pedder, Andrew, Peek, Matthew, Pena-Guerrero, Maria, Pennanen, Konstantin, Perez, Yesenia, Perna, Michele, Perriello, Beth, Phillips, Kevin, Pietraszkiewicz, Martin, Pinaud, Jean-Paul, Pirzkal, Norbert, Pitman, Joseph, Piwowar, Aidan, Platais, Vera, Player, Danielle, Plesha, Rachel, Pollizi, Joe, Polster, Ethan, Pontoppidan, Klaus, Porterfield, Blair, Proffitt, Charles, Pueyo, Laurent, Pulliam, Christine, Quirt, Brian, Neira, Irma Quispe, Alarcon, Rafael Ramos, Ramsay, Leah, Rapp, Greg, Rapp, Robert, Rauscher, Bernard, Ravindranath, Swara, Rawle, Timothy, Regan, Michael, Reichard, Timothy A., Reis, Carl, Ressler, Michael E., Rest, Armin, Reynolds, Paul, Rhue, Timothy, Richon, Karen, Rickman, Emily, Ridgaway, Michael, Ritchie, Christine, Rix, Hans-Walter, Robberto, Massimo, Robinson, Gregory, Robinson, Michael, Robinson, Orion, Rock, Frank, Rodriguez, David, Del Pino, Bruno Rodriguez, Roellig, Thomas, Rohrbach, Scott, Roman, Anthony, Romelfanger, Fred, Rose, Perry, Roteliuk, Anthony, Roth, Marc, Rothwell, Braden, Rowlands, Neil, Roy, Arpita, Royer, Pierre, Royle, Patricia, Rui, Chunlei, Rumler, Peter, Runnels, Joel, Russ, Melissa, Rustamkulov, Zafar, Ryden, Grant, Ryer, Holly, Sabata, Modhumita, Sabatke, Derek, Sabbi, Elena, Samuelson, Bridget, Sapp, Benjamin, Sappington, Bradley, Sargent, B., Sauer, Arne, Scheithauer, Silvia, Schlawin, Everett, Schlitz, Joseph, Schmitz, Tyler, Schneider, Analyn, Schreiber, Jürgen, Schulze, Vonessa, Schwab, Ryan, Scott, John, Sembach, Kenneth, Shanahan, Clare, Shaughnessy, Bryan, Shaw, Richard, Shawger, Nanci, Shay, Christopher, Sheehan, Evan, Shen, Sharon, Sherman, Allan, Shiao, Bernard, Shih, Hsin-Yi, Shivaei, Irene, Sienkiewicz, Matthew, Sing, David, Sirianni, Marco, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Skipper, Joy, Sloan, Gregory, Slocum, Christine, Slowinski, Steven, Smith, Erin, Smith, Eric, Smith, Denise, Smith, Corbett, Snyder, Gregory, Soh, Warren, Sohn, Tony, Soto, Christian, Spencer, Richard, Stallcup, Scott, Stansberry, John, Starr, Carl, Starr, Elysia, Stewart, Alphonso, Stiavelli, Massimo, Straughn, Amber, Strickland, David, Stys, Jeff, Summers, Francis, Sun, Fengwu, Sunnquist, Ben, Swade, Daryl, Swam, Michael, Swaters, Robert, Swoish, Robby, Taylor, Joanna M., Taylor, Rolanda, Plate, Maurice Te, Tea, Mason, Teague, Kelly, Telfer, Randal, Temim, Tea, Thatte, Deepashri, Thompson, Christopher, Thompson, Linda, Thomson, Shaun, Tikkanen, Tuomo, Tippet, William, Todd, Connor, Toolan, Sharon, Tran, Hien, Trejo, Edwin, Truong, Justin, Tsukamoto, Chris, Tustain, Samuel, Tyra, Harrison, Ubeda, Leonardo, Underwood, Kelli, Uzzo, Michael, Van Campen, Julie, Vandal, Thomas, Vandenbussche, Bart, Vila, Begoña, Volk, Kevin, Wahlgren, Glenn, Waldman, Mark, Walker, Chanda, Wander, Michel, Warfield, Christine, Warner, Gerald, Wasiak, Matthew, Watkins, Mitchell, Weaver, Andrew, Weilert, Mark, Weiser, Nick, Weiss, Ben, Weissman, Sarah, Welty, Alan, West, Garrett, Wheate, Lauren, Wheatley, Elizabeth, Wheeler, Thomas, White, Rick, Whiteaker, Kevin, Whitehouse, Paul, Whiteleather, Jennifer, Whitman, William, Williams, Christina, Willmer, Christopher, Willoughby, Scott, Wilson, Andrew, Wirth, Gregory, Wislowski, Emily, Wolf, Erin, Wolfe, David, Wolff, Schuyler, Workman, Bill, Wright, Ray, Wu, Carl, Wu, Rai, Wymer, Kristen, Yates, Kayla, Yeager, Christopher, Yeates, Jared, Yerger, Ethan, Yoon, Jinmi, Young, Alice, Yu, Susan, Zak, Dean, Zeidler, Peter, Zhou, Julia, Zielinski, Thomas, Zincke, Cristian, and Zonak, Stephanie

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

This paper characterizes the actual science performance of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as determined from the six month commissioning period. We summarize the performance of the spacecraft, telescope, science instruments, and ground system, with an emphasis on differences from pre-launch expectations. Commissioning has made clear that JWST is fully capable of achieving the discoveries for which it was built. Moreover, almost across the board, the science performance of JWST is better than expected; in most cases, JWST will go deeper faster than expected. The telescope and instrument suite have demonstrated the sensitivity, stability, image quality, and spectral range that are necessary to transform our understanding of the cosmos through observations spanning from near-earth asteroids to the most distant galaxies., Comment: 5th version as accepted to PASP; 31 pages, 18 figures; https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1538-3873/acb293

Published
2022
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11. The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph for the James Webb Space Telescope -- II. Wide Field Slitless Spectroscopy

Author

Willott, Chris J., Doyon, René, Albert, Loic, Brammer, Gabriel B., Dixon, William V., Muzic, Koraljka, Ravindranath, Swara, Scholz, Aleks, Abraham, Roberto, Artigau, Étienne, Bradač, Maruša, Goudfrooij, Paul, Hutchings, John B., Iyer, Kartheik G., Jayawardhana, Ray, LaMassa, Stephanie, Martis, Nicholas, Meyer, Michael R., Morishita, Takahiro, Mowla, Lamiya, Muzzin, Adam, Noirot, Gaël, Pacifici, Camilla, Rowlands, Neil, Sarrouh, Ghassan, Sawicki, Marcin, Taylor, Joanna M., Volk, Kevin, and Zabl, Johannes

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the wide field slitless spectroscopy mode of the NIRISS instrument on the James Webb Space Telescope. This mode employs two orthogonal low-resolution (resolving power $\approx 150$) grisms in combination with a set of six blocking filters in the wavelength range 0.8 to $2.3\,\mu$m to provide a spectrum of almost every source across the field-of-view. When combined with the low background, high sensitivity and high spatial resolution afforded by the telescope, this mode will enable unprecedented studies of the structure and evolution of distant galaxies. We describe the performance of the as-built hardware relevant to this mode and expected imaging and spectroscopic sensitivity. We discuss operational and calibration procedures to obtain the highest quality data. As examples of the observing mode usage, we present details of two planned Guaranteed Time Observations programs: The Canadian NIRISS Unbiased Cluster Survey (CANUCS) and The NIRISS Survey for Young Brown Dwarfs and Rogue Planets., Comment: 19 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in PASP

Published
2022
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12. Observations of the Bright Star in the Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae (NGC 104)

Author

Dixon, William V., Chayer, Pierre, Bertolami, Marcelo Miguel Miller, Fiscella, Valentina Sosa, Benjamin, Robert A., and Dupree, Andrea

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The Bright Star in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae (NGC 104) is a post-AGB star of spectral type B8 III. The ultraviolet spectra of late-B stars exhibit a myriad of absorption features, many due to species unobservable from the ground. The Bright Star thus represents a unique window into the chemistry of 47 Tuc. We have analyzed observations obtained with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE), the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) aboard the Hubble Space Telescope, and the MIKE Spectrograph on the Magellan Telescope. By fitting these data with synthetic spectra, we determine various stellar parameters (T_eff = 10,850 +/- 250 K, log g = 2.20 +/- 0.13) and the photospheric abundances of 26 elements, including Ne, P, Cl, Ga, Pd, In, Sn, Hg, and Pb, which have not previously been published for this cluster. Abundances of intermediate-mass elements (Mg through Ga) generally scale with Fe, while the heaviest elements (Pd through Pb) have roughly solar abundances. Its low C/O ratio indicates that the star did not undergo third dredge-up and suggests that its heavy elements were made by a previous generation of stars. If so, this pattern should be present throughout the cluster, not just in this star. Stellar-evolution models suggest that the Bright Star is powered by a He-burning shell, having left the AGB during or immediately after a thermal pulse. Its mass (0.54 +/- 0.16 M_sun) implies that single stars in 47 Tuc lose 0.1--0.2 M_sun on the AGB, only slightly less than they lose on the RGB., Comment: 23 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal

Published
2021
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13. A Brief Coaching Pilot Enhances Professional Identity Formation and Clinical Skills Acquisition During Emergency Medicine Clerkships Shortened by COVID-19

Author

Dixon, William, Gallegos, Moises, and Williams, Sarah

Subjects
Medical Education, Coaching
Abstract

Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic limited educational and career development opportunities for medical students, requiring innovative programs to accelerate professional identity formation and clinical skills acquisition.  Methods: We developed a brief coaching intervention that took place over the advanced (sub-internship) emergency medicine rotation at our institution. We trained coaches using a newly developed workshop, who met with students for an average of 4.5 hours over 3 weeks. Impact/effectiveness: We showed that this coaching program was both feasible and impactful for faculty coaches and medical students.

Published
2022

14. Simulation-Based Mastery Learning Improves the Performance of Donning and Doffing of Personal Protective Equipment by Medical Students

Author

Miller, Danielle T., Pokrajac, Nicholas, Ngo, Jessica, Gallegos, Moises, Dixon, William, Roszczynialski, Kelly N., Ng, Kristen, Taleghani, Nounou, and Gisondi, Michael A.

Subjects
mastery learning, medical students, personal protective equipment
Abstract

Introduction: Medical students lack adequate training on how to correctly don and doff personal protective equipment (PPE). Simulation-based mastery learning (SBML) is an effective technique for procedural education. The aim of this study was to determine whether SBML improves proper PPE donning and doffing by medical students.Methods: This was a prospective, pre-test/post-test study of 155 medical students on demonstration of correct PPE use before and after a SBML intervention. Subjects completed standard hospital training by viewing a US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention training video on proper PPE use prior to the intervention. They then participated in a SBML training session that included baseline testing, deliberate practice with expert feedback, and post-testing until mastery was achieved. Students were assessed using a previously developed 21-item checklist on donning and doffing PPE with a minimum passing standard (MPS) of 21/21 items. We analyzed differences between pre-test and post-test scores using paired t-tests. Students at preclinical and clinical levels of training were compared with an independent t-test.  Results: Two participants (1.3%) met the MPS on pre-test. Of the remaining 153 subjects who participated in the intervention, 151 (98.7%) reached mastery. Comparison of mean scores from pre-test to final post-test significantly improved from an average raw score of 12.55/21 (standard deviation [SD] = 2.86), to 21/21(SD = 0), t(150) = 36.3, P

Published
2022

18. Safety and Efficacy of Renal Denervation in Patients Taking Antihypertensive Medications

Author

Wang, Yale, Jay, Desmond, McLaurin, Brent, Lomboy, Carl, Allaqaband, Suhail, Jan, Fuad, Gummadi, Bharat, Litt, Marc, Garcia, Fidel, Singh, Jasvindar, Brown, Angela, Choi, James, Paul, Ashley, Sharp, Andrew, Coulson, James, Nanjundappa, Aravinda, Thakker, Ganpat, Campbell, James, Honton, Benjamin, Farah, Bruno, Patel, Manesh, Gutierrez, Antonio, Tyson, Crystal, Svetkey, Laura, Fudim, Marat, Pagidipati, Neha, Jones, Schuyler, Vemulapalli, Sreekanth, Devireddy, Chandan, Kulshreshtha, Ambar, Wells, Bryan, Lea, Janice, Batson, Bryan, Wilkins, Robert, Sharif, Faisal, Khair, Abdullahi Mohamed, Pallippattu, Abhishek Wilson, Alhmoudi, Aishah Matar, Gaffney, Brian, Cawley, Christian, Gorry, Colin, Hamed, Hanan, Carron, Jennifer, Birrane, John, Rosseel, Liesbeth, Lunardi, Mattia, Cronin, Michael, McKittrick, Myles, Almagal, Naeif, Khalid, Noman, Shehahd, Qussai, Shahzad, Shirjeel, Fezzi, Simone, Tyulkin, Stanislav, Bel, Xavier Armario, Jolly, Sanjit, Yip, Gordon, Schwalm, Jon-David, Tsang, Michael, Mehta, Shamir, Lurz, Philipp C., Binner, Christian, Obradovic, Danilo, Fahr, Florian, Richter, Ines, Rotta detto Loria, Johannes, Fengler, Karl, Rommel, Karl-Philipp, Cuartas, Mateo Marin, Lerche, Matthias, Hartung, Philipp, Münch, Phillip, Höllriegel, Robert, John, Silke, Otsuji, Satoru, Kusumoto, Hirofumi, Tamaru, Hiroto, Ishibuchi, Kasumi, Hasegawa, Katsuyuki, Sugimoto, Ken, Kakishita, Mikio, Ishii, Rui, Takiuchi, Shin, Yasuda, Shingo, Nakabayashi, Sho, Yamamoto, Wataru, Higashino, Yorihiko, Shimatani, Yuji, Taniguchi, Yusuke, Tsioufis, Konstantinos, Kasiakogias, Alexandros, Konstantinidis, Dimitris, Andrikou, Eirini, Konstantinou, Konstantinos, Dimitriadis, Kyriakos, Kalos, Theodoros, Cohen, Debbie, Rene, Garvey, Cohen, Jordana, Bonanni, Maria, Denker, Matthew, Wickramisinghe, Rasi, Wilensky, Robert, Kobayashi, Tai, Anjan, Venkatesh, Huan, Yonghong, Haught, Walter Herbert, Krasnow, Joshua, Vasquez, Alejandro, Gessler, Carl, Roth, Christopher, Drenning, David, Velasquez, Enrique, Soliman, George, Murphy, James, Jain, Kaushik, Butler, Michael, Kanitkar, Mihir, Laney, Phillip, Hunter, Ross, Cheng, Shi-Chi, Wright, Thomas, Chapman, Neil, Arnold, Ahran, Nowbar, Alexandra, Janmohamed, Azara, Corden, Ben, Cook, Christopher, Rajkumar, Christopher, Keene, Daniel, Thompson, David, Seligman, Henry, Howard, James, Davies, Justin, Sweeney, Mark, Shun-Shin, Matthew, Foley, Michael, Quaife, Nicholas, Al-Lamee, Rasha, Hadjiphilippou, Savvas, Sen, Sayan, Ahmad, Yousif, Kario, Kazuomi, Shimizu, Hayato, Waki, Hirotaka, Narita, Keisuke, Shimpo, Masahisa, Hoshide, Satoshi, Komori, Takahiro, Ogoyama, Yukako, Ogata, Yukiyo, Oba, Yusuke, Bisharat, Mohanned, Lishmanov, Anton, Jeffords, Travis, Ghali, Magdi, Chia, Beth, Onsrud, Rachel, Rough, Randolph, Aoki, Jiro, Tomii, Daijiro, Mori, Fumiko, Kikushima, Hosei, Ninomiya, Kai, Yahagi, Kazuyuki, Tanabe, Kengo, Nakamura, Kosuke, Komiyama, Kota, Nakase, Masaaki, Asami, Masahiko, Setoguchi, Naoto, Tanaka, Tetsu, Horiuchi, Yu, Watanabe, Yusuke, Feldman, Dmitriy, Bergman, Geoffrey, Sherifi, Ines, Kim, Luke, Amin, Nivee, Minutello, Robert, Wong, S. Chiu, McCullough, Stephen, D'Souza, Richard, Kurdi, Hibba, Statton, Sarah, Watkinson, Tony, Bertolet, Barry, Gupta, Amit, Blossom, Benjamin, Bell, Chris, Hill, Douglas, Sierra, Francisco, Johnson, James, Estess, John, Adams, Joseph, McDuffie, Katie, Ferguson, Lee, Little, Nelson, Ballard, Richard Dane, Williams, Roger, Ikeda, Wanda, Calhoun, William, Carroll, William, Singh, Avneet, Hirsh, Benjamin, Meraj, Perwaiz, Jauhar, Rajiv, Golwala, Harsh, Rueda, Jose, Graham, Kellie, Al-Hakim, Ramsey, Rope, Robert, Kandzari, David, Bahrami, Dariush, Reedus, Denise, David, Shukri, Rehman, Iram, Zakaria, Khalid, Choksi, Nishit, Kazziha, Samer, Kumar, Sarwan, Saba, Souheil, Steigerwalt, Susan, Sirajeldin, Yassir, Hyder, Omar, Aronow, Herbert, Connors, Andrea, Shemin, Douglas, Bent, Clare, Levy, Terry, Kodoth, Vivek, Schlaich, Markus, Kiuchi, Marcio, Carnagarin, Revathy, Shetty, Sharad, Torre, Sabino, Levitt, Howard, Chen, Lin, Fan, Sarah, Waxman, Sergio, Porr, Wendy, Mangos, George, Smyth, Brendan, Lane, Cathie, Sader, Mark, Patel, Kirit Kumar, Rao, Anjani, Milford, Brett, Ahluwalia, Guneet, Sennott, Jaqueline, Field, Justin, Jena, Nihar, Loree, Stacy, Graham, John, Al-Hesayen, Abdul, Bagai, Akshay, Shite, Junya, Kozuki, Amane, Suzuki, Atsushi, Masuko, Eri, Soga, Fumitaka, Asada, Hiroyuki, Shibata, Hiroyuki, Nagoshi, Ryoji, Fujiwara, Ryudo, Kyo, Shokan, Miyata, Tomohiro, Kijima, Yoichi, Weil, Joachim, Griesinger, Lena, Hafer, Lukas, Starick, Rene-Alexander, Keil, Sebastian, Agdirlioglu, Tolga, Desch, Udo, Saito, Shigeru, Koyama, Eiji, Yamanaka, Futoshi, Yokoyama, Hiroaki, Tobita, Kazuki, Shishido, Koki, Yamaguchi, Masashi, Murakami, Masato, Moriyama, Noriaki, Takahashi, Saeko, Mizuno, Shingo, Yokota, Shohei, Hayashi, Takahiro, Yamada, Takashi, Yamagishi, Tamiharu, Sugiyama, Yoichi, Mashimo, Yuka, Tamaki, Yusuke, Tanaka, Yutaka, Lee, David, Ma, Adrian, Yeung, Alan, Noel, Thomas, Umana, Ernesto, Katopodis, John, Dixon, William, Walton, Tony, Rischin, Adam, Chee, Adrian, Leaney, Alexandra, Fernando, Himavan, Hopper, Ingrid, Bloom, Jason, Fairley, Jessica, Stehli, Julia, Segan, Julian, Sharma, Meenal, Fitzgerald, Melissa, Papandony, Michelle, Whyler, Naomi, Noaman, Samer, Ali, Shazeea, Jefferson, Brian, Reyes, David, Johnston, Thomas, Böhm, Michael, Höfling, Alexander, Berger, Ann-Kathrin, Cremers, Bodo, Millenaar, Dominic, Mahfoud, Felix, Zivanovic, Ina, Lucic, Jelena, Dederer, Juliane, Lauder, Lucas, Fischer, Patrick, Kulenthiran, Saarraangan, Ewen, Sebastian, Bewarder, Yvonne, Schmieder, Roland, Bosch, Agnes, Schmid, Axel, Ott, Christian, Kannenkeril, Dennis, Akarca, Ertan, Kistner, Iris, Kolwelter, Julie, Bihlmaier, Karl, Striepe, Kristina, Karg, Marina, Günes-Altan, Merve, Anna Friedrich, Stefanie Sofia, Jung, Susanne, Dienemann, Thomas, Ziakas, Antonios, Kouparanis, Antonios, Pagiantza, Areti, Peteinidou, Emmanouela, Didagelos, Matthaios, Psochias, Polykarpos Akis, Shishehbor, Mehdi, Meade, Ashley, Linetsky, Elena, Robinson, Monique, Kotter, John, Ziada, Khaled, Bachinsky, William, Garton, Alex, Stuck, Jason, Papademetriou, Vasilios, Chung, Annise, Li, Ping, Nagpal, Sameer, Remetz, Michael, Shah, Samit, Lynch, Shannon, Kandzari, David E., Townsend, Raymond R., Weber, Michael A., Schmieder, Roland E., Pocock, Stuart, Konstantinidis, Dimitrios, East, Cara, Cohen, Debbie L., Kobayashi, Taisei, Lee, David P., Schlaich, Markus P., Devireddy, Chandan M., Sharp, Andrew S.P., Anderson, Richard, Fahy, Martin, DeBruin, Vanessa, and Brar, Sandeep

Published
2023
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19. A nationwide survey of emergency medicine resident workflow efficiency: Are training programs teaching residents to be efficient?

Author

Carmelli, Guy, Watson, Erin E, Villarroel, Nadia A, Dixon, William W, and Clarke, Samuel O

Subjects
Curriculum and Pedagogy, Education, Clinical Research, Curriculum and pedagogy
Abstract

BackgroundWorkflow efficiency (WFE) is essential to the practice of emergency medicine (EM), but a standardized approach to measuring and teaching it during residency is lacking. In this study we sought to describe how EM residency programs in the United States currently measure and teach WFE and to assess the relative importance of WFE teaching to EM residency program leaders.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of all accredited EM residency training programs in the United States in Fall 2019. We invited all allopathic EM residency programs to participate in the study by directly emailing program directors and assistant/associate program directors. We conducted the study and performed descriptive statistics using SurveyMonkey software.ResultsWe received a total of 133 responses out of 190 total programs (70%) with proportionate representation from 3- and 4-year programs and all regions of the United States. When asked to what extent teaching efficiency should be a priority compared to other educational goals, 65% of program leaders responded with "significant" or "moderate" priority. Most EM programs collect WFE data on their residents, either by tracking patients per hour (78%) or by written evaluations (59%). Common methods for providing WFE data to residents were: "individual data provided along with deidentified rank" (35%), "data provided only during private feedback meetings" (26%), and "no data or rank provided to residents" (16%). Regarding targeted WFE teaching to residents, 88% reported utilizing general on-shift teaching, 48% reported teaching WFE during formal didactics, and 45% during dedicated private feedback sessions.ConclusionThis national study of allopathic U.S. EM programs suggests that most EM program leaders do value WFE teaching. However, we found no consistent approach among programs for tracking or distributing resident WFE data, and many programs lack a formalized way to teach efficiency to their residents.

Published
2021

21. Extracting adverse drug reactions and their context using sequence labelling ensembles in TAC2017

Author

Belousov, Maksim, Milosevic, Nikola, Dixon, William, and Nenadic, Goran

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are unwanted or harmful effects experienced after the administration of a certain drug or a combination of drugs, presenting a challenge for drug development and drug administration. In this paper, we present a set of taggers for extracting adverse drug reactions and related entities, including factors, severity, negations, drug class and animal. The systems used a mix of rule-based, machine learning (CRF) and deep learning (BLSTM with word2vec embeddings) methodologies in order to annotate the data. The systems were submitted to adverse drug reaction shared task, organised during Text Analytics Conference in 2017 by National Institute for Standards and Technology, archiving F1-scores of 76.00 and 75.61 respectively., Comment: Paper describing submission for TAC ADR shared task

Published
2019

22. Observations of the Ultraviolet-Bright Star Barnard 29 in the Globular Cluster M13 (NGC 6205)

Author

Dixon, William V., Chayer, Pierre, Reid, I. N., and Bertolami, Marcelo Miguel Miller

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We have analyzed FUSE, COS, GHRS, and Keck HIRES spectra of the UV-bright star Barnard 29 in M13 (NGC 6205). By comparing the photospheric abundances derived from multiple ionization states of C, N, O, Si, and S, we infer an effective temperature T_eff = 21,400 +/- 400 K. Balmer-line fits yield a surface gravity log g = 3.10 +/- 0.03. We derive photospheric abundances of He, C, N, O, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, and Ge. Barnard 29 exhibits an abundance pattern typical of the first-generation stars in M13, enhanced in oxygen and depleted in aluminum. An underabundance of C and an overabundance of N suggest that the star experienced nonconvective mixing on the RGB. We see no evidence of significant chemical evolution since the star left the RGB; in particular, it did not undergo third dredge-up. Previous workers found that the star's FUV spectra yield an iron abundance about 0.5 dex lower than its optical spectrum, but the iron abundances derived from all of our spectra are consistent with the cluster value. We attribute this difference to our use of model atmospheres without microturbulence, which is ruled out by careful fits to optical absorption features. We derive a mass M_*/M_sun = 0.45 - 0.55 and luminosity log (L_*/L_sun) = 3.26 - 3.35. Comparison with stellar-evolution models suggests that Barnard 29 evolved from a ZAHB star of mass M_*/M_sun between 0.50 and 0.55, near the boundary between the extreme and blue horizontal branches., Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures

Published
2019
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29. Quantitative analysis of secondary organic aerosol using a high-resolution mass spectral database

Author

Dixon, William J., Hamilton, Jacqui, Rickard, Andrew, and Pereira, Kelly

Abstract

Organic aerosol is an important factor in the atmospheric pollution, contributing up to 90% of the total aerosol. The complex system of sources and pathways of functionalisation these compounds can undergo, lead to a large number of compounds which exist in the organic fraction. The state of this organic fraction is in flux, due to the varying contributions of sources and the oxidative aging of the air mass. A purpose-built, UPLC-MS2 method, combined with a semi-targeted automated processing software was developed to compliment large datasets required for high temporal resolution. This method was validated using previous analysis of organic aerosol from London and Birmingham. The organic fraction in Beijing, China was observed from high resolution off-line filter samples during two field campaigns during winter 2016 and summer 2017. In total 646 compounds were identified during these campaigns, of which, the nitrophenolics and organosulfates were observed to be the most important groups. Hierarchical cluster analyses were applied to these two groups to determine the most important clusters within these heteroatom groups. 43 nitrophenolics were observed in the organic aerosol and 191 organosulfates. Nitrophenolics observed by this method show very high variation in ionisation efficiency based on structural isomerism, with ionisation efficiency varying of factors up to three orders of magnitude. The most significant organosulfates are more locally sourced to the Beijing area.

Published
2018

32. Observations of the Ultraviolet-Bright Star Y453 in the Globular Cluster M4 (NGC 6121)

Author

Dixon, William V., Chayer, Pierre, Latour, Marilyn, Bertolami, Marcelo Miguel Miller, and Benjamin, Robert A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a spectral analysis of the UV-bright star Y453 in M4. Model fits to the star's optical spectrum yield T_eff ~ 56,000 K. Fits to the star's FUV spectrum, obtained with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) on board the Hubble Space Telescope, reveal it to be considerably hotter, with T_eff ~ 72,000 K. We adopt T_eff = 72,000 +/- 2000 K and log g = 5.7 +/- 0.2 as our best-fit parameters. Scaling the model spectrum to match the star's optical and near-infrared magnitudes, we derive a mass M_* = 0.53 +/- 0.24 M_sun and luminosity log L/L_sun = 2.84 +/- 0.05, consistent with the values expected of an evolved star in a globular cluster. Comparing the star with post-horizontal branch evolutionary tracks, we conclude that it most likely evolved from the blue horizontal branch, departing the AGB before third dredge-up. It should thus exhibit the abundance pattern (O-poor and Na-rich) characteristic of the second-generation (SG) stars in M4. We derive the star's photospheric abundances of He, C, N, O, Si, S, Ti, Cr, Fe, and Ni. CNO abundances are roughly 0.25 dex greater than those of the cluster's SG stars, while the Si and S abundances agree match the cluster values. Abundances of the iron-peak elements (except for iron itself) are enhanced by 1 to 3 dex. Rather than revealing the star's origin and evolution, this pattern reflects the combined effects of diffusive and mechanical processes in the stellar atmosphere., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in AJ

Published
2017
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33. The role of patient reported symptom data in co‐producing meaning in rheumatoid arthritis.

Author

Skyrme, Sarah, Dixon, William G., Veer, Sabine N., Sanders, Caroline, Sharp, Charlotte A., and Dowding, Dawn

Subjects
*JOINT pain, *ELECTRONIC health records, *MOBILE apps, *FATIGUE (Physiology), *THEMATIC analysis, *RHEUMATOID arthritis
Abstract

Rationale Aims and Objectives Method Results Conclusion Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) experience a range of symptoms including joint pain and inflammation, stiffness, fatigue, anxiety, and low mood. Similar to patients with other long‐term conditions, they may have periods of time when their disease is under control, and times when their condition is less stable, requiring treatment adjustments. The REMORA2 feasibility study explored the implementation of an integrated symptom‐tracking system using a smartphone application (app), enabling patients to track day‐to‐day symptoms. The data was available in the electronic health record to be viewed at subsequent consultations.This paper explores patients' comments on living with RA, and how patient‐reported symptom data supports informed interactions as patients and clinicians work together to coproduce meaning from the data.Individual semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 21 patients and 7 clinicians, supplemented by nonparticipant observations of 5 clinical appointments. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data from the interviews, with an ethnographic approach used to analyse the observational data.Both clinicians and patients reported the benefits of reviewing the data in the clinic together. This helped inform decisions about pain management and identified patients who might otherwise have dismissed symptoms such as pain, because of their natural inclination to be stoical.Improved insights on the care of RA were generated as patients and clinicians discuss symptom tracking data. This can assist the patient‐clinician dyad in the process of two‐way learning and shared decision‐making on the management of a long‐term condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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36. Roteiro para redação de estudos em farmacoepidemiologia conduzidos a partir de dados de saúde observacionais coletados rotineiramente (RECORD-PE), tradução para o Português

Author

Langan, Sinead, primary, Schmidt, Sigrún AJ, additional, Wing, Kevin, additional, Ehrenstein, Vera, additional, Nicholls, Stuart, additional, Filion, Kristian, additional, Klungel, Olaf, additional, Petersen, Irene, additional, Sørensen, Henrik Toft, additional, Dixon, William G, additional, Guttmann, Astrid, additional, Harron, Katie, additional, Hemkens, Lars G., additional, Moher, David, additional, Schneeweiss, Sebastian, additional, Smeeth, Liam, additional, Sturkenboom, Miriam, additional, von Elm, Erik, additional, Wang, Shirley, additional, and Benchimol, Eric I, additional

Published
2024
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38. Cloudy with a chance of Pain

Author

Schultz, David M., Beukenhorst, Anna L., Yimer, Belay Birlie, Cook, Louise, Pisaniello, Huai Leng, House, Thomas, Gamble, Carolyn, Sergeant, Jamie C., McBeth, John, and Dixon, William G.

Published
2020

44. Effect of pre-exposure use of hydroxychloroquine on COVID-19 mortality: a population-based cohort study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus using the OpenSAFELY platform

Author

Rentsch, Christopher T, DeVito, Nicholas J, MacKenna, Brian, Morton, Caroline E, Bhaskaran, Krishnan, Brown, Jeremy P, Schultze, Anna, Hulme, William J, Croker, Richard, Walker, Alex J, Williamson, Elizabeth J, Bates, Chris, Bacon, Seb, Mehrkar, Amir, Curtis, Helen J, Evans, David, Wing, Kevin, Inglesby, Peter, Mathur, Rohini, Drysdale, Henry, Wong, Angel Y S, McDonald, Helen I, Cockburn, Jonathan, Forbes, Harriet, Parry, John, Hester, Frank, Harper, Sam, Smeeth, Liam, Douglas, Ian J, Dixon, William G, Evans, Stephen J W, Tomlinson, Laurie, and Goldacre, Ben

Published
2021
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45. FUSE, STIS, and Keck spectroscopic analysis of the UV-bright star vZ 1128 in M3 (NGC 5272)

Author

Chayer, Pierre, Dixon, William V., Fullerton, Alexander W., Ooghe-Tabanou, Benjamin, and Reid, I. Neill

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a spectral analysis of the UV-bright star vZ 1128 in M3 based on observations with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE), the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS), and the Keck HIRES echelle spectrograph. By fitting the H I, He I, and He II lines in the Keck spectrum with non-LTE H-He models, we obtain Teff = 36,600 K, log g = 3.95, and log N(He)/N(H) = -0.84. The star's FUSE and STIS spectra show photospheric absorption from C, N, O, Al, Si, P, S, Fe, and Ni. No stellar features from elements beyond the iron peak are observed. Both components of the N V 1240 doublet exhibit P~Cygni profiles, indicating a weak stellar wind, but no other wind features are seen. The star's photospheric abundances appear to have changed little since it left the red giant branch (RGB). Its C, N, O, Al, Si, Fe, and Ni abundances are consistent with published values for the red-giant stars in M3, and the relative abundances of C, N, and O follow the trends seen on the cluster RGB. In particular, its low C abundance suggests that the star left the asymptotic giant branch before the onset of third dredge-up., Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures, to be published in MNRAS

Published
2015
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46. Postoperative opioids administered to inpatients with major or orthopaedic surgery: A retrospective cohort study using data from hospital electronic prescribing systems.

Author

Huang, Yun-Ting, Dixon, William G., O'Neill, Terence W., and Jani, Meghna

Subjects
*ORTHOPEDIC surgery, *ELECTRONIC systems, *DRUG administration, *COHORT analysis, *POSTOPERATIVE period, *HOSPITALS, *RECOVERY rooms, *OPIOID analgesics
Abstract

Background: Opioids administered in hospital during the immediate postoperative period are likely to influence post-surgical outcomes, but inpatient prescribing during the admission is challenging to access. Modified-release(MR) preparations have been especially associated with harm, whilst certain populations such as the elderly or those with renal impairment may be vulnerable to complications. This study aimed to assess postoperative opioid utilisation patterns during hospital stay for people admitted for major/orthopaedic surgery. Methods: Patients admitted to a teaching hospital in the North-West of England between 2010–2021 for major/orthopaedic surgery with an admission for ≥1 day were included. We examined opioid administrations in the first seven days post-surgery in hospital, and "first 48 hours" were defined as the initial period. Proportions of MR opioids, initial immediate-release(IR) oxycodone and initial morphine milligram equivalents (MME)/day were calculated and summarised by calendar year. We also assessed the proportion of patients prescribed an opioid at discharge. Results: Among patients admitted for major/orthopaedic surgery, 71.1% of patients administered opioids during their hospitalisation. In total 50,496 patients with 60,167 hospital admissions were evaluated. Between 2010–2017 MR opioids increased from 8.7% to 16.1% and dropped to 11.6% in 2021. Initial use of oxycodone IR among younger patients (≤70 years) rose from 8.3% to 25.5% (2010–2017) and dropped to 17.2% in 2021. The proportion of patients on ≥50MME/day ranged from 13% (2021) to 22.9% (2010). Of the patients administered an opioid in hospital, 26,920 (53.3%) patients were discharged on an opioid. Conclusions: In patients hospitalised with major/orthopaedic surgery, 4 in 6 patients were administered an opioid. We observed a high frequency of administered MR opioids in adult patients and initial oxycodone IR in the ≤70 age group. Patients prescribed with ≥50MME/day ranged between 13–22.9%. This is the first published study evaluating UK inpatient opioid use, which highlights opportunities for improving safer prescribing in line with latest recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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49. Users’ views on the use of a smartwatch app to collect daily symptom data in individuals with multiple long-term conditions (Multimorbidity): A qualitative study

Author

Kenning, Cassandra, primary, Bower, Peter, additional, Small, Nicola, additional, Ali, Syed Mustafa, additional, Brown, Benjamin, additional, Dempsey, Katherine, additional, Mackey, Elaine, additional, McMillan, Brian, additional, Sanders, Caroline, additional, Serafimova, Ilina, additional, Van der Veer, Sabine N, additional, Dixon, William G, additional, and McBeth, John, additional

Published
2024
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