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2. Viscoelastic Worthington jets \& droplets produced by bursting bubbles

Author

Dixit, Ayush K., Oratis, Alexandros, Zinelis, Konstantinos, Lohse, Detlef, and Sanjay, Vatsal

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract

Bubble bursting and subsequent collapse of the open cavity at free surfaces of contaminated liquids can generate aerosol droplets, facilitating pathogen transport. After film rupture, capillary waves focus at the cavity base, potentially generating fast Worthington jets that are responsible for ejecting the droplets away from the source. While extensively studied for Newtonian fluids, the influence of non-Newtonian rheology on this process remains poorly understood. Here, we employ direct numerical simulations to investigate the bubble cavity collapse in viscoelastic media, such as polymeric liquids, examining how their elastic modulus $G$ and their relaxation time $\lambda$ affect jet and droplet formation. We show that the viscoelastic liquids yield Newtonian-like behavior as either parameter $G$ or $\lambda$ approaches zero, while increasing them suppresses jet formation due to elastic resistance to elongational flows. Intriguingly, for some cases with intermediate values of $G$ and $\lambda$, smaller droplets are produced compared to Newtonian fluids, potentially enhancing aerosol dispersal. By mapping the phase space spanned by the elastocapillary number (dimensionless $G$) and the Deborah number (dimensionless $\lambda$), we reveal three distinct flow regimes: (i) jets forming droplets, (ii) jets without droplet formation, and (iii) absence of jet formation. Our results elucidate the mechanisms underlying aerosol suppression versus fine spray formation in polymeric liquids, with implications for pathogen transmission and industrial processes involving viscoelastic fluids.

Published
2024

18. The Impact of Different Levels of Spatial Cues on Size Perception: A Spatial Perception Study of Altered Conditions

Author

Salehi, Faezeh, Pariafsai, Fatemeh, Dixit, Manish K., Goos, Gerhard, Series Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, van Leeuwen, Jan, Series Editor, Hutchison, David, Editorial Board Member, Kanade, Takeo, Editorial Board Member, Kittler, Josef, Editorial Board Member, Kleinberg, Jon M., Editorial Board Member, Kobsa, Alfred, Series Editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Editorial Board Member, Mitchell, John C., Editorial Board Member, Naor, Moni, Editorial Board Member, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series Editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Editorial Board Member, Sudan, Madhu, Series Editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Editorial Board Member, Tygar, Doug, Editorial Board Member, Weikum, Gerhard, Series Editor, Vardi, Moshe Y, Series Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Chen, Jessie Y. C., editor, and Fragomeni, Gino, editor

Published
2024
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31. Screening for Silent Aspiration in Hyperacute Stroke: A Feasibility Study of Clinical Swallowing Examination and Cough Reflex Testing

Author

Trimble, Julie, Patterson, Joanne M., Wilson, Janet A., Dixit, Anand K., and Drinnan, Michael

Abstract

Background: Silent aspiration (SA) is common post-stroke and associated with increased risk of pneumonia, length of stay and healthcare costs. Clinical swallow examinations (CSEs) are unreliable measures of SA. There is no consensus on the clinical components that best detect SA. Cough reflex testing (CRT) is an alternative/adjunct whose SA detection accuracy also lacks consensus. Aims: To investigate the feasibility of CSE versus CRT against gold standard flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) for SA identification and to estimate its prevalence in a hyperacute stroke setting. Methods & Procedures: A single-arm preliminary, prospective, feasibility study of patients less than 72 h post-stroke, over a 31-day period on a hyperacute stroke unit: the Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. Ethical approval for the study was obtained. The study tested the feasibility and acceptability of introducing CRT and developing a standardized CSE. Consent/assent was obtained for all participants. Patients unfit for study were excluded. Outcomes & Results: A total of 62% of patients less than 72 h post-stroke (n = 61) were eligible. A total of 75% of those approached (n = 30) consented. A total of 23 patients completed all tests. The principal barrier was anxiety regarding FEES. Mean test time for CRT = 6 min; CSE = 8 min; FEES = 17 min. Patients rated CRT and FEES on average as moderately uncomfortable. A total of 30% (n = 7) of participants who received FEES presented with SA. Conclusions & Implications: CRT, CSE and FEES are feasible in 58% of hyperacute stroke patients in this setting. FEES anxiety is the main recruitment barrier and is not always well tolerated. Results support further work to establish optimum methods and differential sensitivity/specificity of CRT and CSE in hyperacute stroke for SA identification.

Published
2023
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37. Estimation of economic losses due to milk fever and efficiency gains if prevented: evidence from Haryana, India

Author

Cariappa, A. G. A., Chandel, B. S., Sankhala, G., Mani, V., Sendhil, R., Dixit, A. K., and Meena, B. S.

Subjects
Economics - General Economics
Abstract

Calcium (Ca) requirement increases tenfold upon parturition in dairy cows & buffaloes and its deficiency leads to a condition called milk fever (MF). Estimation of losses is necessary to understand the depth of the problem and design preventive measures. How much is the economic loss due to MF? What will be the efficiency gain if MF is prevented at the advent of a technology? We answer these questions using survey data and official statistics employing economic surplus model. MF incidence in sample buffaloes and cows was 19% and 28%, respectively. Total economic losses were calculated as a sum total of losses from milk production, mortality of animals and treatment costs. Yearly economic loss due to MF was estimated to be INR 1000 crores (US$ 137 million) in Haryana. Value of milk lost had the highest share in total economic losses (58%), followed by losses due to mortality (29%) and treatment costs (13%). Despite lower MF incidence, losses were higher in buffaloes due to higher milk prices and market value of animals. The efficiency gain accruing to producers if MF is prevented, resulting from increased milk production at decreased costs was estimated at INR 10990 crores (US$ 1.5 billion). As the potential gain if prevented is around 10 times the economic losses, this study calls for the use of preventive technology against MF.

Published
2021
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43. Adaptation and validation of the gratitude questionnaire (GQ-6) for the Indian context

Author

Dixit, Shravan K. and Sinha, Jyotsna

Subjects
Gratitude -- Evaluation, Psychological tests -- Evaluation, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to provide a reliable and valid instrument in Hindi for measuring gratitude in the Indian context. Psychometric properties of the translated Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6) were analyzed in two studies. In the first study, 448 adults (M.sub.age = 36.47) completed the Hindi version of GQ-6 with demographic questions. Participants were split into two groups for conducting exploratory (EEA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), respectively. The EFA indicated a one-factor solution ([alpha] = .74) with five items. The CFA showed the five-item version (GQ-5) fit the data better than the original instrument (GQ-6). Measurement invariance was investigated across gender using the whole dataset. Configural and scalar invariance were supported. In the second study, participants were 211 adults who completed the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE), Gratitude Adjective Checklist (GAC), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) along with previous instruments. The CFA replicated a one-factor structure with five-items. The instrument showed adequate evidence of convergent validity with GAC, discriminant validity with life satisfaction and joy, and nomological validity. In conclusion, the Hindi GQ-5 is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing gratitude in Hindi speaking population in India., Author(s): Shravan K. Dixit [sup.1] , Jyotsna Sinha [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.419983.e, 0000 0001 2190 9158, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, [...]

Published
2023
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49. CMC and GxP

Author

Espiritu, Marvee, primary, Mehta, Capt. Tej Ishaan, additional, and Dixit, Purushottam K., additional

Published
2023
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50. List of contributors

Author

Abboud, Rayan, primary, Acharya, Akanksha, additional, Al-Dulaimi, Ragheed, additional, Al-Katib, Sayf, additional, Al-Nowfal, Ahmed, additional, Ali, Omair, additional, Almsaddi, Tarek, additional, Amaral, Joao, additional, Anene, Alvin, additional, Awad, Christopher, additional, Badar, Zain, additional, Balabhadra, Samyuktha, additional, Balon, Amanda Bronte, additional, Bhanot, Shelly, additional, Bircher, Walter G., additional, Bitar, Ryan, additional, Bittle, Scott, additional, Borror, William, additional, Boumezrag, Maryam, additional, Braga, Daniel, additional, Chadha, Sakshum, additional, Chapple, Kristina M., additional, Chiramel, George Koshy, additional, Chitra, R., additional, Chockalingam, Arun, additional, Choudhury, Priyam, additional, Clarke, Geoffrey D., additional, Coffman, Kimberly, additional, Cooper, Sydney, additional, Cooper, Kyle, additional, Cornejo, Santiago M., additional, Cornman-Homonoff, Joshua, additional, Covello, Brian, additional, Dandu, Chaitu, additional, Dennison, Jennifer J., additional, Deshmukh, Ashwin, additional, Dixit, Purushottam K., additional, Drummey, Rachel, additional, Duguay, Sean, additional, Dybicz, Stephanie S., additional, El Sehemawi, N., additional, Espiritu, Marvee, additional, Ewing, Brandon, additional, Farag, Ahmed, additional, Fisher, Jason A., additional, Foss, Wylie T., additional, Fourzali, Roberto, additional, Fu, Katherine Shin-Ying, additional, Gaba, Ron C., additional, Gadodia, Gaurav, additional, Garg, Tushar, additional, Ghorashi, Sona, additional, Gibney, Brianna L., additional, Gilbert, Alexandra, additional, Gordon, Andrew C., additional, Gupta, Aakash N., additional, Henry, Matthew, additional, Hernandez, Mauricio, additional, Hood, Amber, additional, Jain, Neil K., additional, Kalantari, Jalil, additional, Kamireddy, Arun, additional, Katz, Joshua, additional, Kauffman, Nathan D., additional, Kim, Charissa, additional, Kirkpatrick, Daniel, additional, Kogan, Joshua, additional, Konstantinidis, Menelaos, additional, Kovac, Stefan, additional, Krajewski, Adam Christopher, additional, Kruse, Jonas, additional, Lalla, E.A., additional, Le, Rebecca Tuan, additional, Lewandowski, Robert J., additional, Liao, Millie, additional, Liu, Tao, additional, Liu, Abraham, additional, Lopez-Reyes, G., additional, Maguire, Thaddeus, additional, Makris, Gregory C., additional, Martinek, Alexander, additional, McCain Pebror, Travis William, additional, McGuirt, Delaney, additional, Mehta, Capt. Tej Ishaan, additional, Meyer, Travis E., additional, Moattari, Syamak, additional, Mohapatra, Ashutosh, additional, Mohit, Babak, additional, Money, David Bradley, additional, Moon, John T., additional, Morar, Satya K., additional, Mor, Yechiel, additional, Moudgil, Pranav, additional, Murthy, Sandeep, additional, Murthy, Shashidhara, additional, Muthusami, Prakash, additional, Nair, Girish B., additional, Nassar, Mark, additional, Nezami, Nariman, additional, Ngo, Han G., additional, Nourouzpour, S., additional, Olivieri, Brandon, additional, Ovanez, Christopher, additional, Ozen, Merve, additional, Parker, Matt, additional, Patel, Shrey, additional, Patel, Neal, additional, Paturu, Mounica, additional, Pham, Eric, additional, Qamhawi, Zahi, additional, Ragulojan, Ranjan, additional, Raheem, Ishmael, additional, Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran, additional, Ramji, Husayn F., additional, Reyes, Daniel, additional, Reynolds, Conner D., additional, Rizk, Tony H., additional, Shah, Karishma, additional, Shah, Raj, additional, Sharma, Jatin, additional, Sheth, Rahul A., additional, Shing, Li Ka, additional, Shrigiriwar, Apurva, additional, Smith, Zachary T., additional, Solomon, Alex J., additional, Sreenivasulu, Kilari, additional, Taghipour, Mehdi, additional, Talluri, Tulasi, additional, Thomson, Benedict, additional, Thukral, Siddhant, additional, Tyagi, Ravi, additional, Veneranda, M., additional, Venkatraman, Siddharth, additional, Vollano, Nicholas, additional, Wagstaff, William, additional, Walker, John, additional, Webster, Linzi Arndt, additional, Windham-Herman, Austin-Marley, additional, Woodhead, Gregory J., additional, and Zhong, Jim, additional

Published
2023
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