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We present a detailed spectral and temporal analysis of the black-hole candidate MAXI~J1535$-$571 using NICER observations in September and October 2017. We focus specifically on observations in the hard-intermediate state when the source shows type-C quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs). We fitted the time-averaged spectrum of the source and the rms and phase-lag spectra of the QPO with a one-component time-dependent Comptonization model. We found that the corona contracts from $\sim 10^4$ to $\sim 3 \times 10^3$ km as the QPO frequency increases from $\sim 1.8$ Hz to $\sim 9.0$ Hz. The fits suggest that the system would consists of two coronas, a small one that dominates the time-averaged spectrum and a larger one, possibly the jet, that dominates the rms and lag spectra of the QPO. We found a significant break in the relation of the spectral parameters of the source and the properties of the QPO, including its lag spectra, with QPO frequency. The change in the relations happens when the QPO frequency crosses a critical frequency $\nu_c \approx 3.0$ Hz. Interestingly, the QPO reaches this critical frequency simultaneously as the radio emission from the jet in this source is quenched., Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Antibiotic resistance is a major problem and the greatest challenge to both hospitals and in the community. Initially, antibiotic-resistant strains were found to the hospital environment only, but now they can be present everywhere. It was therefore decided to conduct a short-term study on Andrographis paniculata's ability to inhibit the growth of some of the most resistant bacteria in the Doon Valley. Antimicrobial activity of Andrographis paniculate of leaf and steam extract was performed against different MDR isolates. The VITEK2 COMPACT device with a consistent inoculum was used to identify and evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical samples obtained in suspected critical patients at Indresh hospitals in Dehradun District. Clinical and laboratory guidelines were followed during the testing process ( Shri Mahent Indresh Hospital). Steam and leaf extract from A. paniculata leaf was tested for antibacterial activities using the disc diffusion method. The present study showing that the leaf extract and steam extract petroleum ether, acetone and ethyle acetate extract are most active against K. pneumoniae, E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acetinobacter, Pseudomonas sp. , Enterobacterium (MDR strains) and Candia albugin, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium, penicillium (pathogenic fungus.

Anisotropy of light-matter interactions in materials give remarkable information about the phonons and their interactions with electrons. We report the angle-resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy of single-crystal of Bi2Se3 to obtain the elements of Raman tensor for understanding the strength of polarization along different crystallographic orientations. Intensity variation in the polar plots corresponding to E_g^1 ~ 37 cm-1, A_1g^1 ~71 cm-1, E_g^2 ~ 130 cm-1, and A_1g^2 ~ 173 cm-1 suggests the higher differential polarizability along cross-plane (bc-plane). The polar patterns and the differences in elements of the Raman tensor provides the evidence of the fundamental electron-phonon and anisotropic light matter interactions in Bi2Se3., 11 pages and 4 figures

We conduct a spectro-polarimetric study of the accreting X-ray pulsar Hercules X-1 using observations with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). IXPE monitored the source in three different Epochs, sampling two Main-on and one Short-on state of the well-known super-orbital period of the source. We find that the 2-7 keV polarization fraction increases significantly from ~ 7-9 % in the Main-on state to ~ 15-19 % in the Short-on state, while the polarization angle remains more or less constant or changes slightly, ~ 47-59 degrees, in all three Epochs. The polarization degree and polarization angle are consistent with being energy-independent for all three Epochs. We propose that in the Short-on state, when the neutron star is partially blocked by the disk warp, the increase in the polarization fraction can be explained as a result of the preferential obstruction of one of the magnetic poles of the neutron star., 7 pages, 4 Figures, 1 Table, accepted for publication in ApJL

MAXI J1535-571 is a black-hole X-ray binary that in 2017 exhibited a very bright outburst which reached a peak flux of up to 5 Crab in the 2-20 keV band. Given the high flux, several X-ray space observatories obtained unprecedented high signal-to-noise data of key parts of the outburst. In our previous paper we studied the corona of MAXI J1535-571 in the hard-intermediate state (HIMS) with Insight-HXMT. In this paper we focus on the study of the corona in the soft-intermediate state (SIMS) through the spectral-timing analysis of 26 NICER detections of the type-B quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs). From simultaneous fits of the energy, rms and lag spectra of these QPOs with our time-dependent Comptonization model, we find that in the SIMS the corona size is ~ 6500 km and vertically extended. We detect a narrow iron line in the energy spectra, which we interpret to be due to the illumination of the outer part of the accretion disk by this large corona. We follow the evolution of the corona and the radio jet during the HIMS-SIMS transition, and find that the jet flux peaks after the time when the corona extends to its maximum vertical size. The jet flux starts to decay after the corona contracts vertically towards the black hole. This behavior points to a connection between the X-ray corona and the radio jet similar to that seen in other sources., Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Type-C quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in black hole X-ray transients can appear when the source is in the low-hard and hard-intermediate states. The spectral-timing evolution of the type-C QPO in MAXI J1535-571 has been recently studied with Insight-HXMT. Here we fit simultaneously the time-averaged energy spectrum, using a relativistic reflection model, and the fractional rms and phase-lag spectra of the type-C QPOs, using a recently developed time-dependent Comptonization model when the source was in the intermediate state. We show, for the first time, that the time-dependent Comptonization model can successfully explain the X-ray data up to 100 keV. We find that in the hard-intermediate state the frequency of the type-C QPO decreases from 2.6 Hz to 2.1 Hz, then increases to 3.3 Hz, and finally increases to ~ 9 Hz. Simultaneously with this, the evolution of corona size and the feedback fraction (the fraction of photons up-scattered in the corona that return to the disc) indicates the change of the morphology of the corona. Comparing with contemporaneous radio observations, this evolution suggests a possible connection between the corona and the jet when the system is in the hard-intermediate state and about to transit into the soft-intermediate state., 11 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has emerged as one of the most common and lethal cancers worldwide and is caused due to contamination of diets with aflatoxin B1 and chronic viral hepatitis. Recent reports suggest that phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PDE5i) exhibits anticancer properties against several forms of cancer but till now has not been evaluated against HCC. We aimed to evaluate the anticancer property of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i) tadalafil and sildenafil against aflatoxin B1 HCC. Rats of HCC group were fed with 5% alcohol via drinking water for 3 weeks, followed by administration of AFB1 (1 mg/kg/bw, i.p.) at an interval of two subsequent days. PDE5i (tadalafil and sildenafil, 10 mg/kg bw) was administered along with drinking water after 6 weeks of treatment with AFB1 for 2 weeks. In the present investigation, in HCC elevation in the level of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, and urea vis-à-vis activity of key glycolytic enzyme LDH and mRNA expression of c-myc, Akt, LDH-A, and PFKFB3 was noted. Similarly, the level of multidrug resistance protein (MDR) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) was elevated along with increased expression of angiogenesis marker (HIF-1α, VEGF, and TGF-β1) in HCC. Post-treatment with PDE5 inhibitor (tadalafil and sildenafil) downregulated and brought back the above parameters towards normal and out of two PDE5i (tadalafil and sildenafil), sildenafil effect was more potent as compared to tadalafil. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that PDE5 inhibitors tadalafil and sildenafil are able to prohibit the development and progression of aflatoxin B1 induced HCC.

Superionic Cu2-xTe (CT) is an interesting and emerging p-type thermoelectric (TE) material due to the existence of various polymorphic phases and crystal structures, which undergo several structural phase transitions. On the basis of the stoichiometry of the CT compounds, the structure parameters, the carrier concentration (np), and the thermal conductivity (κ) can be modulated for optimum TE performance. Further, the understanding of the fundamental properties and their impact on TE parameters is not well understood because of their complex structures. We have investigated the vibrational properties of CT compounds such as Cu1.25Te (CT1.25), Cu1.6Te (CT1.6), and Cu2Te (CT2) using temperature dependent Raman studies in the temperature range of 300–773 K. Several structural phases are probed through remarkably distinct spectra for the CT compounds. The temperature transitions are complex such as (i) eutectic melting into CuTe and Te for both CT1.6 (above ∼593 K) and CT1.25 (above ∼613 K) and (ii) the struc...

Identification of an efficient parameter of voice for forensic investigation is a challenging task. The process of speech investigation includes examination of the speech profile which helps in the recognizing the suspect. The fundamental frequency, pitch, intensity, jitter, shimmer, MPD, and HNR have been evaluated in persons with the habitual voice stressful environmental condition that is the prolonged tobacco usage from 5 to 50 years, and it was compared with nontobacco users’ voice. It was observed that fundamental frequency, minimum and maximum pitch, jitter and shimmer were least varying under prolonged exposure of tobacco consumption.

AstroSat spectra of the black hole system GRS 1915+105 during the heartbeat state (with a varying oscillation period from 150 to 100 secs) were analysed using a truncated relativistic disc model along with a Comptonization component. Spectra were fitted for segments of length ~ 24 secs. The oscillation can be described as coordinated variations of the accretion rate, Comptonised flux, and the inner disc radius, with the latter ranging from 1.235-5 gravitational radii. Comparison with results from the $\chi$ and Intermediate states shows that while the accretion rate and the high energy photon index were similar, the inner disc radius and the fraction of Comptonised photons were larger for these states than for the heartbeat one. The coronal efficiency $\eta \equiv L_{ac}/\dot M c^2$, where $L_{ac}$ is the radiative luminosity generated in the corona is found to be approximately $\propto \dot M^{-2/3}$ for all the observations. The efficiency decreases with inner radii for the heartbeat state but has similar values for the $\chi$ and Intermediate states where the inner radii is larger. The implications of these results are discussed., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Emamectin benzoate (4´-deoxy-4´-epimethylaminoavermectin B1) is a macrocyclic lactone developed for the control of insect pests in edible plant crops. The current study was taken to assess the possible ameliorative effect of piracetam (P) on emamectin benzoate (EMB) induced alterations in energy metabolism in liver, kidney, testis, heart, cerebral cortex, cerebellum and muscle of rats. Rats of normal control group (N) received water and normal diet ad libitum and (EMB as well as EMB+P) group received 5 mg/kg bw emamectin benzoate via drinking water for 4 weeks. After four weeks of EMB treatment, rats of (EMB+P) received piracetam (500 mg/kg bw, iv) for 15 days. The results demonstrate that emamectin benzoate caused a significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity and the level of lactate indicating organ damage in treated animals. Piracetam, the so-called ‘nootropic’ drug is mainly used to treat cognitive impairment in aging, brain injuries, as well as dementia. In the present study piracetam treatment caused a significant inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase activity in liver, kidney, testis, heart, cerebral cortex, cerebellum and muscle of rats. The amelioration of toxic effects by piracetam treatment in EMB treated rats indicate that this drug has the potential to mitigate emamectin benzoate induced toxicity in mammalian systems.

Purpose: Previous literature has reported early identification and treatment of hearing loss has a positive effect on overall speech and language development, social skill, cognitive skill as well as pragmatic skill. Present study aimed to measure correlation between listening, speech and language, cognition and pragmatic skill in children with cochlear implant. Materials and Methods:A total of 20 children with cochlear implant in the age range of 1.5 to 5 years participated in the present study. Integrated Scale of Development from listen, learn and talk was used to find out listening, speech and language, cognition and pragmatic age in children with cochlear implant. Results:The outcome of present study revealed strong correlation between listening, speech and language, cognition and pragmatic age in children with cochlear implant. Conclusion: The finding of the present study revealed enhancement in one domain of communication skill leads to improved performance in other domains. Keywords: Cognition, Cochlear implant, Listening, Speech and language, Pragmatic.

Global metabolism of cancers exhibits a peculiar phenotype that is lactate acidosis (high lactate with acidic pH) in tumor microenvironment. Why tumor microenvironment becomes so responsive towards lactate is still not clear. In this review we have discussed lactate generation and recycling either exogenously, directly or indirectly by cancer cells via some transporters. Tumor cells in hypoxia use glucose rapidly and produce lactate while cells which have profuse oxygen supply take up lactate and use it for energy production which is referred as lactate shuttling between tumor cells. Escaping immune evasion which is also an emerging hallmark of cancer cells has also been discussed in this review with respect of lactate acidosis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been classified as one of the most common forms of liver cancer occurring worldwide, and risk factors include hepatitis B & C virus, alcoholism, and dietary carcinogens like aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), which is produced by fungus Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Metabolism of AFB1 resulted into the formation of AFB1-exo-8, 9-epoxide which is largely responsible for HCC development. So far conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy has not provided much benefit in HCC, necessitating the need for newer treatment modalities. Recent reports suggest that phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i) may have anticancer activity, but till date, the anticancer property of PDE5i (tadalafil & sildenafil) has not been evaluated in HCC. The present study was aimed to define the anticancer property of tadalafil and sildenafil against AFB1-induced HCC rats. Rats were randomly divided into five groups with five rats in each group. Except normal control group, rats of all other groups were fed with 5% alcohol via drinking water for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks, two successive dose of AFB1 (1 mg/kg bw, ip) was administered on subsequent days followed by the administration of PDE5i (tadalafil & sildenafil, 10 mg/kg bw) along with drinking water after 6 weeks of treatment with AFB1 for 2 weeks. An in-depth investigation into its mechanistic aspect revealed that development of HCC induced by aflatoxin B1, decreased the mRNA expression and activity of antioxidant enzyme SOD, GPx, catalase, GR and GST, and GSH content with a concomitant increase in the level of lipid peroxidation. Post-treatment with PDE5 inhibitor (tadalafil & sildenafil) restored the above parameters towards normal, and this result was more effective in case of sildenafil. Thus, results from the above studies suggest that PDE5 inhibitors may act as anticancer agents by preventing the development and progression of HCC by modulating the key parameters of antioxidant pathway.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and is associated with poor prognosis. The current study aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of resveratrol when administered alone and in combination with nicotinamide against alcohol-aflatoxin B1-induced HCC. Results reveal that during the development and progression of cancer, there was a decline in the level of antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase (GR), antioxidant glutathione, and glutathione S-transferase, which is an enzyme of detoxification pathways. Treatment of resveratrol restored the level of catalase and glutathione peroxidase toward normal in alcohol-aflatoxin B1-induced HCC; however, nicotinamide worked in concert with resveratrol only in upregulating the activity of glutathione reductase, glutathione level, and glutathione S-transferase. SIRT1 agonist resveratrol was observed to modulate the activity of antioxidant enzymes by negatively regulating the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in alcohol-aflatoxin B1-induced HCC, thereby suggesting a cross-talk between antioxidant enzymes SIRT1 and NF-κB during the development and progression of HCC and its therapeutics by resveratrol and nicotinamide.

Using the Insight-HXMT observations of GRS 1915+105 when it exhibits low frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), we measure the evolution of the QPO frequency along with disk inner radius and mass accretion rate. We find a tight positive correlation between the QPO frequency and mass accretion rate. Our results extend the finding of previous work with AstroSat to a larger range of accretion rate with independent instruments and observations. Treating the QPO frequency of GRS 1915+105 as the relativistic dynamic frequency of a truncated disk, we are able to confirm the high spin nature of the black hole in GRS 1915+105. We also address the potential of our finding to test general relativity in the future., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures. v2: refereed version

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a type of primary liver cancer and dietary exposure to aflatoxins is a major risk factor of HCC. The current study aimed to assess the role of resveratrol and nicotinamide in renal toxicity during alcohol-aflatoxin-B1-induced HCC. The results revealed that resveratrol treatment normalized the level of urea, lipid peroxidation, lactate and lactate dehydrogenase, which were increased in HCC. It also downregulated the increased expression of sirtuin 1 in HCC kidney. Furthermore, amelioration of oxidative stress in kidney of HCC rats by resveratrol was observed to be catalase dependent and glutathione peroxidase independent.

Deciding effective and timely preventive measures to address societal problems is a difficult challenge. Societal problems tend to be inherently complex, affect the bottom of the socio-economic pyramid, and have wider spread across populations and geographies with resource constraints. In this paper we identify challenges and propose certain design considerations to guide development of machine learning based data-driven applications for addressing societal problems. Challenges cover subtle difficulties, which may be encountered during various phases of design and deployment life-cycles and design considerations make recommendations with respect to currently known state-of-the-art concepts, tools, and techniques to address these challenges.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease resulting in the permanent destruction of pancreatic islets. Islet transplantation to portal vein provides an approach to compensate for loss of insulin producing cells. Clinical trials demonstrated that even partial islet graft function reduces severe hypoglycemic events in patients. However, therapeutic impact is restrained due to shortage of pancreas organ donors and instant inflammation occurring in the hepatic environment of the graft. We summarize on what is known about regenerative therapy in type 1 diabetes focusing on pancreatic islet transplantation and new avenues of cell substitution. Metabolic pathways and energy production of transplanted cells are required to be balanced and protection from inflammation in their intravascular bed is desired. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have anti-inflammatory features, and so they are interesting as a therapy for type 1 diabetes. Recently, they were reported to reduce hyperglycemia in diabetic rodents, and they were even discussed as being turned into endodermal or pancreatic progenitor cells. MSCs are recognized to meet the demand of an individual therapy not raising the concerns of embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells for therapy.

We have analyzed AstroSat observations of the galactic micro-quasar system GRS 1915+105, when the system exhibited C-type Quasi-periodic Oscillations (QPOs) in the frequency range of 3.4-5.4 Hz. The broad band spectra (1-50 keV) obtained from simultaneous LAXPC and SXT can be well described by a dominant relativistic truncated accretion disk along with thermal Comptonization and reflection. We find that while the QPO frequency depends on the inner radii with a large scatter, a much tighter correlation is obtained when both the inner radii and accretion rate of the disk are taken into account. In fact, the frequency varies just as the dynamic frequency (i.e. the inverse of the sound crossing time) as predicted decades ago by the relativistic standard accretion disk theory for a black hole with spin parameter of ~0.9. We show that this identification has been possible due to the simultaneous broad band spectral coverage with temporal information as obtained from AstroSat., 7 Pages, 4 Figures, 1 Table, Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters (ApJL)

There are innumerable fruits which are consumed for their nutritional and medicinal potential. Bioactive constituents present in various fruits act as radical scavengers and helps in preventing non communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, hypertension etc. The study aimed to characterize the nutritional, mineral composition and antioxidant potential of guava cultivars viz Allahabad safeda and L 49. The nutritional composition estimation was done according to standard protocol given by AOAC, mineral contents were determined by using Atomic absorption Spectrophotometer and antioxidant content Total phenols content and total flavonoids content and activity reducing power assay and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity were performed by standard protocol.According to results obtained, Allahabad safeda cv guava had significantly high amount of fibre 2.91±0.04 g 100g , calcium 145±0.24 mg 100g ,magnesium 59.92±1.02 mg 100g and vitamin C 214±0.41 mg 100g content as compared to L 49 cv guava. In addition, it also possesses excellent total phenol content 130.25±0.72 mg GAE 100g , total flavonoids content 99.60±0.32 mg RE 100g and antioxidant activity. Therefore, it can be used as a potential ingredient in the development of functional food products and its utilization would be a viable alternative to combat various chronic metabolic diseases. Divya Rawat | Neelam Chaturvedi "Nutritional and Antioxidant Potential of Psidium Guajava as a Functional Ingredient" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14288.pdf

Since most of the organizations are going online these days, such organizations have become dependent to their data over the internet. Hence, it has become more critical to secure data by taking adequate security measures. One of the measures that can be taken to secure data from attackers and intruders is access control. Along with the changing trend, even the data used is evolving. ‘Bitcoin’ is the new data that has gained importance in the market. Every third person in the world has Bitcoin to their share. So it becomes important to secure Bitcoin and the information it possesses. Blockchain helps in preventing Bitcoin - the digital currency and therefore stores the information securely. In this paper, we survey and study how the rising of Blockchain technology has affected traditional transactional banking and also outline possible directions for future research.

Pancreatic islet transplantation to reduce hyperglycemia is highly successful in rodents with chemically-induced diabetes. The most common transplantation site in experimental islet transplantation is the kidney capsule. However, as less is known about the interaction of pancreatic islets with blood constituents, it also makes sense to utilize the portal vein approach in experimental islet transplantation. This protocol demonstrates an intraportal islet transplantation technique in NMRI nude mice. Streptozotocin (180 mg/kg) is injected intraperitoneally to induce hyperglycemia in recipient mice. They are considered as diabetic at a non-fasting blood glucose level greater than 20 mmol/L. One day prior to transplantation, mouse pancreatic islets are isolated from the donor pancreas by collagenase digestion; a minimum of 350 islets are utilized per diabetic recipient. Depending upon the islet isolation yield, two or more donor mice are utilized per recipient. After overnight culture at 37 °C, islets are administered into the recipient liver via the portal vein. After surgery, the mice are protected in red Makrolon houses and observed until are awake. This protocol maintains glycemic control for 120 days in syngeneic mice and 15 days in allogeneic mice.

Background: Liver cancer is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Among the liver cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma has been reported to be responsible for 85-90% of primary liver cancer and it is the second most common cause of cancer mortality with 700,000 deaths documented annually. The major risk factors of HCC include chronic infections with the hepatitis B (HBV) or hepatitis C (HCV) virus, chronic liver diseases, alcoholism as well as dietary carcinogens, such as aflatoxins. Highest incidence rates are estimated to occur in Asia and Africa. Objective: The effectiveness of current man-made agents in treating chronic liver disease is not satisfactory and they have uninvited side effects. Herbal medicines are extensively used all over the world; however, there is still a vast gap in their acceptance by the scientific community. Plants are rich in secondary metabolites and phytochemicals obtained from both, dietary and non-dietary sources. Natural plant products are potent therapeutic as well as chemopreventive agents for numerous chronic diseases like cardiovascular, metabolic, neurodegenerative and neoplastic diseases. Results: Dietary phytochemicals such as curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin, silibinin, N-trans-feruloyl octopamine, lycopene, emodin, caffeine, urolithin A and Phloretin have been found to be useful for the treatment of HCC and other diseases. According to recent reports 60% of the anticancer medication in current use has been obtained from natural sources. Conclusion: Thus, derivatives from plants have played an essential role in cancer prevention due to their pleiotropic abilities to scavenge free radicals, inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis.

We present X-ray spectral and timing behavior of Cyg X-3 as observed by AstroSat during the onset of a giant radio flare on 01-02 April 2017. Within a time-scale of few hours, the source shows a transition from the hypersoft state (HPS) to a more luminous state (we termed as the very high state) which coincides with the time of the steep rise in radio flux density by an order of magnitude. Modeling the SXT and LAXPC spectra jointly in 0.5-70.0 keV, we found that the first few hours of the observation is dominated by the HPS with no significant counts above 17 keV. Later, an additional flat powerlaw component suddenly appeared in the spectra which extends to very high energies with the powerlaw photon index of 1.49 +/- 0.04. Such a flat powerlaw component has never been reported from Cyg X-3. Interestingly the fitted powerlaw model in 25-70 keV, when extrapolated to the radio frequency, predicts the radio flux density consistent with the trend measured from RATAN-600 telescope at 11.2 GHz. This provides a direct evidence of the synchrotron origin of flat X-ray powerlaw component and the most extensive monitoring of the broadband X-ray behavior at the moment of decoupling the giant radio jet base from the compact object in Cyg X-3. Using SXT and LAXPC observations, we determine the giant flare ejection time as MJD 57845.34 +/- 0.08 when 11.2 GHz radio flux density increases from ~100 to ~478 mJy., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumor and leading cause of death worldwide. Tumor genes, signals from tumor stroma, recruited inflammatory cells and hypoxia has been reported to switch on angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor is a pleiotropic factor that regulates cell proliferation, vascular permeability and plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis through its different angiogenic receptors. Multifunctional regulatory cytokine transforming growth factor-β also controls cell proliferation, differentiation, extracellular matrix production and survival/or apoptosis of many types cells. By raising level of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, transforming growth factor-β creates a favourable microenvironment for tumor cell growth. Depending upon the stage of cancer progression it can either initiate tumor development, progression and metastasis or can act as a tumor suppressor. In the present review, an attempt has been made to comprehensively define the role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and transforming growth factor-β in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.

It is eminent that the low-frequency QPOs ranging from 0.1-30.0 Hz are observed in the hard or hard-intermediate state of Blackhole X-ray binaries. On the basis of Q-factor and the presence of harmonic, sub-harmonic and Broad Lorentzian noise they have been classified into A, B and C type of QPOs. The C-type QPO is very common and generally seen in the hard state and the B-type QPO, which is less common appears in hard-soft transition states. The earlier study of rms spectra for B and C type of QPOs with RXTE suggest that the origin of the two types of QPOs are different. In this work, we inspect the NICER archival observations of Blackhole sources in which B or C-type of QPOs was present and studied the rms-lag spectra.