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Restorative dentistry is the repairing of damaged teeth and restoring oral health and function. Dental implants are typically placed within the cortical bone of the jaw to provide stability and support for prosthetic restorations. The successful restoration of complex anatomical features of the maxillary anterior is difficult for prosthodontists. Using a 3D slicer, CT scan images were used to create a detailed three-dimensional model of the maxilla bone. This study utilizes ANSYS Workbench, a finite element software program, to analyze the abutment angles, ranging from 0° to 25°, and the impact stress distribution within peri-implant bone. The outcomes of our studies align with and substantiate certain evidence in the literature documenting bone resorption, specifically at the level of the implant neck and near the cortical bone. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of angled abutment stress patterns in the bone surrounding dental implants, offering valuable insights for clinical applications in critical areas of the mouth.

In dental implant insertion, an artificial foundation is prepared for the prosthetic device, which involves the surgical positioning of the implant in the jaw bone. The success of dental implants relies on the osseointegration process. The biomechanical factors, such as stress and strain, developed during the insertion affect the jawbone and its surroundings. In this current study, the stresses during the implant insertion in the mandibular jawbone bone are analyzed using three-dimensional explicit dynamic analysis, and the Cowper–Symonds model is implemented with the damage model. The implant’s design has a substantial impact on stress distribution within the cancellous bone during the insertion procedure. The stress variation takes place as the implant moves into the pre-drilled hole. This is because of the contact between the bone and the fixture on the implant. The upper edge of the predrilled site shows that the stresses are more at the crestal region of the implant due to surface area. There is a gradual increase in the stress level as the implant reaches the lower edge from the top edge. This is because of the concept of mechanical interlocking. Clinicians can use this information to anticipate and address potential stress-related challenges during implant placement.

The selection of abrasive material and parameters of the Air-Abrasion device for a particular application is a crucial detail. However, there are no standard recommendations or manuals for choosing these details; the operator must depend on his experience and knowledge of the procedure to select the best possible material and set of parameters. This short review attempts to identify some of the effects that the selection of material and parameters could have on the performance of the Air-Abrasion procedure for a particular application. The material and parameter data are collected from various studies and categorized according to the most popular materials in use right now. These studies are then analyzed to arrive at some inferences on the performance of Air-Abrasion materials and parameters. This review arrives at a few conclusions on the effectiveness of a material and parameter set, and that there is potential for developments in the area of standardizing parameter selection; also, there is scope for further studies on Bio-Active Glass as an alternative to the materials currently used in Air-Abrasion.

Kidney stones, known medically as nephrolithiasis, present a significant health concern globally, particularly in regions such as India and the Middle East. Despite extensive research, the complexity of ureteral obstruction due to kidney stones remains a challenge in urology. This study addresses this gap by analysing the effects of obstruction in a three-dimensional model of the ureter with a constant diameter, simulating various percentages of blockage. Through computational analysis, the pressure and velocity effects on the ureter wall are explored, providing insights into the dynamics of obstructed ureters. Building upon previous research, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the factors influencing flow patterns and pressure variations within the urinary tract. Additionally, findings from this study may lead to advancements in non-invasive assessment methods for diagnosing and treating ureteral obstruction caused by kidney stones. Furthermore, insights gained from this research could potentially inform clinical decision-making, leading to improved management strategies and better outcomes for patients affected by this debilitating condition. The novelty of this work lies in its comprehensive analysis of the effects of obstruction on the ureteral wall, offering valuable implications for urological practice and patient care.

The employees are the valuable resources to any organizations. The business runs on the efficiency of employee’s performance. Their performances are determined by various factors like job skills, work culture, interpersonal and intrapersonal relationship and health. The health includes both physical and mental health. The disturbance in the mental health has an impact on the physical health which impacts the employee performance at work. Employee’s mental health primarily gets affected by their personal life. The unpleasant incident in their personal or family life affects the quality of work. They spend most of their time at workplace and feel like a second home to have supportive environment. The employer’s responsibility towards their employees in taking care of their personal is a must to provide work life balance. This is done through Employee Assistance Program (EPA) in promoting mental wellness at workplace. The program focuses on having proper communication with employees to address their professional concerns, counselling to provide professional support in addressing their personal problems and family issues and employee care to establish lasting relationship. This is to ensure the employees are connected with the organization and build trust and confidence and provide positive work environment. The satisfied employees are more productive at work and contribute to organizational growth.

The interest in developing bio-based composite materials had grown up with the context of maintaining ecological integrity by introducing new eco-friendly materials. The present study investigated the suitability of a novel Furcraea selloa K. Koch leaf fiber (FSLF) for composite reinforcement instead of existing synthetic harmful fiber materials. The identification for exploration of novel natural fibers with significant properties is a great challenge for researchers, due to their accessibility in polymer composites eco-friendliness and sustainability. Indeed, physicochemical, thermal, mechanical, and morphological features were established through this study, low density (810 kg/m3), high crystallinity (56.7%), high thermal stability (350°C), good tensile strength (650 ± 23 MPa) were the notable features of FSLF that facilitate its further use for composite reinforcement. Moreover, good surface roughness with fewer impurities and low microfibril angle also prove its sustainability in composite reinforcement. This study suggests that the potential properties of FSLF would be a suitable alternative to commercially important synthetic fiber, in the highest seeking-fibers as reinforcement.

An essential part of the teaching-learning paradigm is assessment. It is one of the ways to achieve feedback for the various methods that have been used to impart a particular skill. This is true of ophthalmology training, where various clinical and surgical skills are learned as part of the residency program. In preparation for residents to become proficient ophthalmologists, both formative and summative assessments are of paramount importance. At present, assessment is primarily summative in the form of a university examination, including theory and practical examinations that are conducted at the end of the three years of residency. A formative assessment can make course corrections early on, allowing for an improved understanding of the subject and the acquisition of clinical and surgical skills. Formative assessments also allow us to customize the teaching methodology considering individual residents' learning capabilities. In addition, formative assessments have the advantage of alleviating the stress of a “final” examination, which could sometimes result in a less-than-optimum performance by the residents. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced us to adopt new teaching methods, which has led to the adoption of changes in assessment. In this regard, we discuss the different assessment tools available, their pros and cons, and how best these tools can be made applicable in the setting of an ophthalmology residency program.

The Li-ion batteries used in electric vehicles widely employ cooling plates with mini channels for thermal management purpose. Researches on battery thermal management systems of electric vehicles are largely focused on improving the cooling efficiency hence obtaining temperature uniformity across the cells. In the present work, a streamline configuration has been incorporated in cooling plate design to enhance the performance of mini-channel cooling plate. These kinds of configurations are usually found in submarine and aerospace applications. By adopting streamline design the flow resistance is found to reduce. Five plates with different number of channels (3, 4, 5, 6, 7) were computationally studied at a coolant (water and ethylene glycol mixture) flow rate of 0.002 kg/s. The maximum cell temperature is decreased by 7.8% for 7-channel configuration. Temperature uniformity is also found to improve using this design. The results reveal that this design is able to maintain the temperature of Li-ion battery in safe operating range. Hence this could be a better solution for thermal management of Li-ion batteries in future.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status has emerged as an important prognostic marker in gliomas. This study sought to develop deep learning networks for non-invasive IDH classification using T2w MR images while comparing their performance to a multi-contrast network. Methods: Multi-contrast brain tumor MRI and genomic data were obtained from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) and The Erasmus Glioma Database (EGD). Two separate 2D networks were developed using nnU-Net, a T2w-image-only network (T2-net) and a multi-contrast network (MC-net). Each network was separately trained using TCIA (227 subjects) or TCIA + EGD data (683 subjects combined). The networks were trained to classify IDH mutation status and implement single-label tumor segmentation simultaneously. The trained networks were tested on over 1100 held-out datasets including 360 cases from UT Southwestern Medical Center, 136 cases from New York University, 175 cases from the University of Wisconsin–Madison, 456 cases from EGD (for the TCIA-trained network), and 495 cases from the University of California, San Francisco public database. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn to calculate the AUC value to determine classifier performance. Results: T2-net trained on TCIA and TCIA + EGD datasets achieved an overall accuracy of 85.4% and 87.6% with AUCs of 0.86 and 0.89, respectively. MC-net trained on TCIA and TCIA + EGD datasets achieved an overall accuracy of 91.0% and 92.8% with AUCs of 0.94 and 0.96, respectively. We developed reliable, high-performing deep learning algorithms for IDH classification using both a T2-image-only and a multi-contrast approach. The networks were tested on more than 1100 subjects from diverse databases, making this the largest study on image-based IDH classification to date.

In general, pedestrians want to cross a road at a mid-block section instead of intersections because it is the shortest route. According to an Indian scenario, most of the crosswalks in urban areas are not signalised and controlled. In this study, the crossing behaviour of pedestrians in terms of speed at a midblock section was studied by considering several parameters. Statistical tests such as ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests were performed in order to know the effect of parameters on the crossing speed of a pedestrian. The pedestrian’s age and gender, crossing type, pattern, time, number of stops, number of two wheelers, three wheelers, light and heavy commercial vehicles, and groups significantly affect their crossing speed. A multiple linear regression model was developed by considering the most significant parameters. The mean absolute percentage error, root mean square error, and R2 values were calculated to validate the models.

Though masks are the best shield against COVID-19, they can be a source of discomfort and ocular side effects. We discuss three cases of corneal injury due to mask use. Three patients, who were healthcare workers, presented with discomfort, photophobia, and pain in the eyes. While adjusting the mask, they had an ocular injury. There were multiple superficial linear abrasions in the eyes. They recovered with treatment. Though masks are imperative during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to be aware of a possible mask injury.

The use of fluorescent tags to monitor protein expression and to lineage-trace cells has become a standard complement to standard histological techniques in the fields of embryology, pathology and regenerative medicine. Unfortunately, traditional paraffin embedding protocols can substantially diminish or abolish the native emission signal of the fluorophore of interest. To preserve the fluorescent signal, an alternative is to use cryosectioning; however, this can often result in undesirable artefacts such as tearing or shattering – particularly for mineralized tissues such as bone and cartilage. Here we present a method of using a commercially available tape to stabilize murine femur tissue, thus allowing for cryosectioning of cartilage and bone tissues carrying fluorescent tags without the need for demineralization.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to study the effect of wet-laboratory training on the surgical outcome of resident performed manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS). Methods: We conducted a retrospective, comparative observational study on resident performed MSICS in our institute. We collected data of 464 patients of which Group A had 232 cases performed by residents without prior wet-laboratory training and Group B had 232 resident performed cases after adequate skill training in the wet laboratory. The demographics, type of cataract, intraoperative, postoperative complications, and immediate visual outcome were compared between the two groups. Results: The age, sex, and type of cataract were similar in both groups of residents. The frequency of intraoperative complications was higher in Group A (23.7%) than in Group B (15.08%) (P = 0.019). The occurrence of posterior capsule (PC) rupture and vitreous loss showed a statistically significant difference, with Group A showing a high rate of 14.3% PC rent and vitreous loss while only 6.9% (P = 0.01) had this complication in Group B. The postoperative visual outcome also was better in Group B than in Group A, with 62.06% of patients in Group B, having a postoperative day 1 vision of better than 6/18 as compared to only 38.36% in Group A. Conclusion: The wet-laboratory training is an effective method of improving the skills of the ophthalmology residents in MSICS. The reduction of complications will improve the quality of surgery and improve the postoperative visual outcome.

Pervaporation (PV) is a promising membrane-based technology for dehydrating alcohols and separation of close-boiling liquids. Poly(styrene sulfonic acidco- maleic acid) (PSSAMA) crosslinked sodium alginate (NaAlg) membrane was developed, and was then modified by varying the mass% of sulfonated graphite oxide (SGO). Physicochemical properties of the resulting membranes were assessed using FTIR, WXRD, TGA, DSC, and SEM. The pervaporation study was carried out to assess membrane performance in dehydrating isopropanol. The membrane with 16 mass% of SGO exhibited the highest separation factor of 6025 and flux of 14.66 x [10.sup.-2] kg [m.sup.-2] [h.sup.-1] at 30[degrees]C for 10 mass% of water in the feed and were able to break the water-isopropanol azeotropic point. The activation energy for water permeation ([E.sub.pw]) was lower than that of isopropanol permeation ([E.sub.IPA]), indicating the high separation ability. Activation energies for total permeation ([E.sub.P]) and total diffusion ([E.sub.D]) ranged from 12.42 to 49.13 and 12.99 to 54.42 kJ [mol.sup.-1], respectively. Negative enthalpy values ([DELTA][H.sub.s]) suggested Langmuir's sorption predominance for all membranes. Highlights * The SGO incorporated crosslinked NaAlg composite membranes were prepared. * The memhrane containing 16 mass'? of SGO showed the highest water uptake. * Membrane with 16 mass% of SGO showed the highest flux and separation factor. * All composite membranes showed excellent thermal and mechanical stability. * Membrane with 16 mass% of SGO demonstrated excellent PV performance. KEYWORDS activation energy, pervaporation, sodium alginate, sulfonated graphite oxide, 1 | INTRODUCTION Separating azeotropic mixtures poses a significant challenge in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Traditional methods like distillation are energy-intensive, leading to environmental, economic, and technical concerns, and [...]

Biogas production from biomass is an eco-friendly approach that offers renewable energy generation, waste recycling, biofertilizer production along with maintaining environmental quality. Anaerobic decomposition is a familiar practice used for biogas production in worldwide, whereas only few substrates were convenient for attaining desired methane concentration in biogas. Hence, further advancements are necessary for the exploration and utilization of various complex organic materials for the purpose. This article gives a clear outlook on potential of various biomass for biogas production, necessity of pretreatment, applicability of microbial/enzyme addition, maintenance of various process parameters, formulation of suitable digester designs and future scope of this area. The livestock wastes and agricultural wastes possess high energy generation potential (71%) and sustainable utilization of such wastes are admirable to commercialize biogas production in future. Hence, selection of biomass through biochemical methane potential (BMP) analysis and biomass pretreatment prior to anaerobic decomposition is adequate to improve the quality and quantity of generated biogas. Addition of effective microorganisms or respective enzymes along with the employment of suitable bioreactors, are other perspectives to enhance decomposition. The single-stage and multi-stage systems possess much attention than other types of reactors since that offers accurate process management at four different stages of decomposition. Moreover, the maintenances of optimum pH, temperature, volatile fatty acids, carbon/nitrogen ratio, etc. are crucial to evade system unsteadiness during decomposition. Since comprehensive mathematical models are appropriate to make the anaerobic decomposition process economically feasible and advancement with these forecasts are adequate to commercialize this technology in the future.

Rodent models of both aging and obesity are characterized by inflammation in specific brain regions, notably the corpus callosum, fornix, and hypothalamus. Microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, are important for brain development, neural support, and homeostasis. However, the effects of diet and lifestyle on microglia during aging are only partly understood. Here, we report alterations in microglia phenotype and functions in different brain regions of mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) or low-fat diet (LFD) during aging and in response to voluntary running wheel exercise. We compared the expression levels of genes involved in immune response, phagocytosis, and metabolism in the hypothalamus of 6-month-old HFD and LFD mice. We also compared the immune response of microglia from HFD or LFD mice to peripheral inflammation induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Finally, we investigated the effect of diet, physical exercise, and caloric restriction (40% reduction compared to ad libitum intake) on microglia in 24-month-old HFD and LFD mice. Changes in diet caused morphological changes in microglia, but did not change the microglia response to LPS-induced systemic inflammation. Expression of phagocytic markers (i.e., Mac-2/Lgals3, Dectin-1/Clec7a, and CD16/CD32) in the white matter microglia of 24-month-old brain was markedly decreased in calorically restricted LFD mice. In conclusion, LFD resulted in reduced activation of microglia, which might be an underlying mechanism for the protective role of caloric restriction during aging-associated decline.