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Although planners today generally agree that nonprofits should be involved in postdisaster recovery planning, they lack insight into the capacity of nonprofits to be engaged in recovery and whether this capacity differs by organization type. This could lead to the marginalization of small nonprofits in planning, affecting social capital formation and the sustainability of recovery plans. Using data from field research and a survey of registered nonprofits in Puerto Rico after the 2017 Hurricanes Maria and Irma, we compared the recovery capacity of small versus medium/large nonprofits. Our study shows that small nonprofits experienced lower levels of operational impact than medium/large ones but also reported lower levels of postdisaster grant funding and attended fewer postdisaster networking events and workshops. Our study also shows that small nonprofits desire additional training and technical assistance to engage with broader recovery institutions. Planners can help by providing such training and promoting networking between small and larger organizations to encourage institutional learning. Community-based recovery planning benefits from engaging with small nonprofits because they typically have greater connection and interest in local matters. Our study shows that small nonprofits may not have the capacity to engage in recovery despite wanting to do so. Planners can help small nonprofits to be better engaged in recovery by helping to build their capacity through pre-event training in disaster recovery, facilitating pre- and postdisaster workshops on recovery financing, and facilitating pre- and postdisaster networking.

2012’s Superstorm Sandy had a devastating impact on the New York City metropolitan region, including the suburban Long Island coast and the New Jersey shore. Given the size, density, complexity, and diversity of the region, many approaches have been used to address poststorm recovery. Planning has been central to these efforts. Using in-depth interviews with recovery stakeholders, this analysis of the planning responses to Sandy illustrates what an emergent model of resilient recovery planning looks like and highlights the kinds of resources and approaches that help facilitate this approach. We argue that preexisting planning capacity, strong political leadership, and nongovernmental funding support were critically important aspects of resilience-focused Sandy recovery planning processes.

Community recovery from disasters depends on how its subunits, such as households, fare. But the current knowledge on this topic is fragmented and undervalues a household’s agency for action, which...

With global climate change and rapid development in environmentally vulnerable areas, communities are increasingly looking for ways to manage, adapt to, and mitigate adverse impacts from disaster events. To help communities achieve this goal, planners must first understand how various stakeholders behave in post-disaster situations. In this paper, we use household and business surveys conducted in New York City after the 2012 Hurricane Sandy to examine recovery decisions of businesses compared to households as well as their respective use of social, financial, and institutional network resources to recover. Our findings suggest that community businesses, particularly locally owned small businesses, are not simply economic units but also play critical social roles in community functioning. Business recovery decisions are often made based on social, not purely profit-maximizing reasons. Recognizing this dual characteristic of businesses is an important step to better engaging this stakeholder group in community resilience and recovery planning processes.

Problem, research strategy, and findings: Stakeholder participation facilitates efficient identification of recovery needs, dynamic exchange of information, and consolidation of diverse perspective...

Stakeholder participation is widely acknowledged as being critical to post-disaster recovery, but little is known about the dynamics and decision processes that lead to this participation or to non...

Vocal hygiene awareness programs aim at educating vocal professionals regarding prevalent voice use, abuse, and misuse and address ways to prevent voice problems. This study investigated the efficacy of one such program on vocal hygiene education (lecture demonstration) designed for school teachers in Chennai. A questionnaire addressing various issues/aspects of vocal hygiene was developed. The teachers (65) had to complete the same twice (pre- and posteducation). These were compared for differences in scores, which indicated awareness of vocal hygiene related issues after the program. The post-test scores were found to be 9% higher than pretest scores which suggested that the teachers had better awareness after the program.

Tissue homeostasis and the maintenance of cell populations depend on a delicate balance between the rates of cell proliferation and cell death. Disruption of this balance is an important factor in development and progression of tumors. In the present study we evaluated the growth index in a large group of breast cancer patients and correlated it with various clinical and histopathological features of the tumor. Estimation of apoptosis was determined by TUNEL assay while immunocytochemistry for proliferating nuclear cell antigen (PCNA) was used as a measure of proliferation. Necrosis was identified morphologically by haematoxylin and eosin staining. A positive correlation was observed between the percentage of PCNA positive cells and the frequency of mitosis (r=0.6117,p