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4. SSS from French Research Vessels: Inventory of thermo-salinometer delayed mode data – 2015 update

Author

Gaillard, Fabienne, Diverres, Denis, Gouriou, Yves, and Jacquin, Stéphane

Abstract

The continuous data acquisition of thermo-salinometer data on board French Research Vessels was initiated in 1999. We present here the inventory of the 2015 update of the delayed mode processing., L'acquisition en continu des mesures de thermo-salinomètres à bord des navires de recherche français a été initiée en 1999. Ce rapport présente l'inventaire correspondant à la mise à jour 2015 du jeu de données temps différé.

Published
2015

5. SSS from French Research Vessels: Inventory of thermo-salinometer delayed mode data - 2014

Author

Gaillard, Fabienne, Diverres, Denis, Gouriou, Yves, and Jacquin, Stephane

Abstract

The continuous data acquisition of thermo-salinometer data on board French Research Vessels was initiated in 1999. We present here the results of the delayed mode processing of the dataset collected by 5 high sea the Research vessels from 2001 to 2013., L'acquisition en continu des mesures de thermo-salinomètres à bord des navires de recherche français a été initiée en 1999. Ce rapport présente les résultats du traitement temps différé des données collectées par les 5 navires hauturiers entre 2001 et 2013.

Published
2015

6. Sea surface temperature and salinity from French research vessels, 2001–2013

Author

Gaillard, Fabienne, Diverres, Denis, Jacquin, Stéphane, Gouriou, Yves, Grelet, Jacques, Le Menn, Marc, Tassel, Joelle, Reverdin, Gilles, Instrumentation, Moyens analytiques, Observatoires en Géophysique et Océanographie (IMAGO), Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine (SHOM), Ministère de la Défense, Interactions et Processus au sein de la couche de Surface Océanique (IPSO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Library and Information Sciences, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Computer Science Applications, Education, Information Systems
Abstract

French Research vessels have been collecting thermo-salinometer (TSG) data since 1999 to contribute to the Global Ocean Surface Underway Data (GOSUD) programme. The instruments are regularly calibrated and continuously monitored. Water samples are taken on a daily basis by the crew and later analysed in the laboratory. We present here the delayed mode processing of the 2001–2013 dataset and an overview of the resulting quality. Salinity measurement error was a few hundredths of a unit or less on the practical salinity scale (PSS), due to careful calibration and instrument maintenance, complemented with a rigorous adjustment on water samples. In a global comparison, these data show excellent agreement with an ARGO-based salinity gridded product. The Sea Surface Salinity and Temperature from French REsearch SHips (SSST-FRESH) dataset is very valuable for the ‘calibration and validation’ of the new satellite observations delivered by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and Aquarius missions.

Published
2015

7. North Atlantic subpolar gyre along predetermined ship tracks since 1993: a monthly dataset of surface temperature, salinity, and density.

Author

Reverdin, Gilles, Valdimarsson, Hedinn, Alory, Gael, Diverres, Denis, Bringas, Francis, Goni, Gustavo, Heilmann, Lars, Chafik, Leon, Szekely, Tanguy, and Friedman, Andrew R.

Subjects
OCEAN temperature, SALINITY, OCEAN gyres
Abstract

We present a binned product of sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity and sea surface density data in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre for the 1993-2017 that resolves seasonal variability along specific ship routes (doi:10.6096/SSS-BIN-NASG). The characteristics of this product are described and validated through comparisons to other monthly products. Data presented in this work was collected in regions crossed by two predetermined ship transects, between Denmark and western Greenland (AX01) and between Iceland, Newfoundland, and the northeastern USA (AX02). The analysis and the strong correlation between successive seasons indicate that in large parts of the subpolar gyre, the binning approach is robust and resolves the seasonal time scales, in particular after 1997 and in regions away from the continental shelf. Prior to 2002, there was no winter sampling over the west Greenland shelf. Variability in sea surface salinity increases towards Newfoundland south of 54°N, as well as in the western Iceland Basin along 59°N. Variability in sea surface temperature presents less spatial structure with an increase westward and towards Newfoundland. The contribution of temperature variability to density dominates in the eastern part of the gyre, whereas the contribution of salinity variability dominates in the southwestern part along AX02. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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8. Thermosalinomètres des navires de recherche : procédures de validation temps différé

Author

Krieger, Magali, Diverres, Denis, Gaillard, Fabienne, Gouriou, Yves, and Grelet, Jacques

Abstract

La collecte systématique des mesures de température et de salinité de surface par les navires de recherche a été initiée en 1999, lors de la phase pilote du projet Coriolis. Aujourd'hui tous les navires hauturiers sont dotés de systèmes homogènes, qualifiés et suivis, ils transmettent leurs données en temps réel au centre de données Coriolis et des échantillons d'eau de mer sont régulièrement prélevés à bord puis acheminés vers le laboratoire d'analyse. Malgré le soin accordé à l'étalonnage des systèmes de mesure et leur nettoyage régulier, il est fréquent d'observer une dérive dans la mesure de conductivité. Il est donc important, en particulier pour le suivi à long terme et les études climatiques, de contrôler et corriger ces mesures. Ce document décrit les procédures mises en place pour effectuer cette étape. Ce travail s'insère dans le cadre du SOERE-CTDO2 récemment labellisé, il complète les activités du SO-SSS sur les navires de commerce. A l'échelon international, l'action-SSS-Recherche relève du programme GOSUD. Les travaux effectués par les deux groupes (TSG-Recherche et SO-SSS) sont étroitement coordonnés. Le traitement est effectué au moyen du logiciel TSG-QC, les formats de données sont conformes au format GOSUD-V2.

Published
2012

10. Origin of CO undersaturation in the western tropical Atlantic N. LEFÈVRE ET AL. co UNDERSATURATION IN THE WESTERN TROPICAL ATLANTIC.

Author

LEFEVRE, NATHALIE, DIVERRES, DENIS, and GALLOIS, FRANCIS

Subjects
*CARBON dioxide, *SALINITY, *MERCHANT ships
Abstract

Underway fCO has been measured from two merchant ships sailing from France to French Guyana and France to Brazil, and during two zonal cruises from Africa to French Guyana. In the western Tropical Atlantic, the strongest undersaturation is associated with the Amazon discharge near 55°W. In the 5°S-10°N, 65-35°W region, the carbon system is strongly correlated to salinity and robust empirical relationships could be determined. This region is a sink of CO in May-June during the high-flow period of the Amazon river. The eastward propagation of Amazon waters is observed when the retroflection of the North Brazil Current takes place. In August 2008, freshwater is observed as far as 40°W when the North Equatorial Counter Current is quite strong. The Amazon plume, defined as salinities less than 34.9, is a sink of CO of 0.96 mmol m d. Further east, near 27°W, CO undersaturation is recorded thoughout the year between 5°N and 8°N. This is caused by the high precipitation associated with the presence of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Removing the temperature effect leads to low (high) fCO associated with low (high) salinities in boreal summer (winter), which is consistent with the seasonal migration of the ITCZ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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11. Sea surface temperature and salinity from French research vessels, 2001-2013.

Author

Gaillard F, Diverres D, Jacquin S, Gouriou Y, Grelet J, Le Menn M, Tassel J, and Reverdin G

Abstract

French Research vessels have been collecting thermo-salinometer (TSG) data since 1999 to contribute to the Global Ocean Surface Underway Data (GOSUD) programme. The instruments are regularly calibrated and continuously monitored. Water samples are taken on a daily basis by the crew and later analysed in the laboratory. We present here the delayed mode processing of the 2001-2013 dataset and an overview of the resulting quality. Salinity measurement error was a few hundredths of a unit or less on the practical salinity scale (PSS), due to careful calibration and instrument maintenance, complemented with a rigorous adjustment on water samples. In a global comparison, these data show excellent agreement with an ARGO-based salinity gridded product. The Sea Surface Salinity and Temperature from French REsearch SHips (SSST-FRESH) dataset is very valuable for the 'calibration and validation' of the new satellite observations delivered by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and Aquarius missions.

Published
2015
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