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4. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Serotypes by Multiplex PCR Identification and Evaluation of Lung Lesions in Pigs from Piedmont (Italy) Farms.

Author

Cuccato, Matteo, Divari, Sara, Ciaramita, Silvia, Sereno, Alessandra, Campelli, Domenico, Biolatti, Pier Giuseppe, Biolatti, Bartolomeo, Meliota, Francesco, Bollo, Enrico, and Cannizzo, Francesca Tiziana

Subjects
*LUNG diseases, *ACTINOBACILLUS pleuropneumoniae, *SWINE diseases, *ACTINOBACILLUS, *RESPIRATORY diseases, *SEROTYPES, *ECONOMIC impact, *SWINE farms
Abstract

Simple Summary: Porcine pleuropneumonia, caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, is one of the main causes of massive losses in the pig industry, with a high economic impact. This study aimed to identify A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes isolated from pneumonic lesions in dead pigs, naturally infected, in some Piedmontese farms and to describe the macroscopic and microscopic lesions. The identification of circulating serotypes in swine farming is crucial to adopting optimal strategies to control the diseases, such as vaccination plans and biosecurity measures. Porcine pleuropneumonia (PPP) is one of the main causes leading to massive losses in the pig industry, with high economic impacts. Among different etiological agents, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is responsible for severe fibrinous-necrotizing pleuropneumonia. A total of 19 different APP serotypes are currently recognized. This study aimed to identify APP serotypes isolated from pneumonic lesions in naturally infected and dead pigs in the Piedmont Region and to describe lesions. A total of 107 dead pigs with a suspected PPP diagnosis were included in this study. Lungs were evaluated using gross-pathology scoring systems, histopathology, and APP isolation and serotypes identification by multiplex PCR were conducted. Gross lung lesions were mainly represented by fibrinous pneumonia and pleuropneumonia. APP was isolated in 20/107 (18.7%) samples. PCR indicated APP DNA presence in 53/107 (49.5%) of lung samples. The most observed serotypes were serotype 2 in 24/53 (45.3%) and serotype 6 in 13/53 (24.5%) samples. Moreover, multiplex PCR results suggested a coinfection of different serotypes in five samples. This study emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach, utilizing various techniques, such as gross- and histopathology, and bacteriological culture and PCR, to enhance the diagnosis of APP infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Case report: Findings in ovaries development from an aborted equine fetus.

Author

Cuccato, Matteo, Bertuglia, Andrea, Divari, Sara, Brambilla, Eleonora, Grieco, Valeria, Bollo, Enrico, and Scaglione, Frine Eleonora

Subjects
OVARIES, HAMARTOMA, FETUS, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, AUTOPSY, FOALS
Abstract

An aborted female foal was submitted for necropsy. During the gross examination, the ovaries were pale, grayish, and enlarged (6 × 5cm), with a well-developed vascular structure surrounding the external surface; the cut surface of the ovaries showed a brownish parenchyma with white follicular areas mainly localized in the peripheral region. The ovaries were fixed for histological investigations. The histological evaluation of the ovaries showed polygonal-shaped cells with abundant cytoplasm and round or oval nuclei, arranged in cords of single cells. The tissue architecture was characterized by the presence of lobular-like tissues with a central vein. The tissue mimicking hepatocytes was delimited by a mature fibrous tissue and was surrounded by the normal ovarian tissue characterized by germinal epithelium and primordial follicular structures. Based on the histological findings, a diagnosis of bilateral ovarian hamartoma was carried out initially. For a better characterization of the ovarian tissue, the expression of tissue-specific (liver and ovary) markers was investigated using immunohistochemistry. Following the immunohistochemical analysis, the hamartoma diagnosis was excluded. The ovaries exhibited unique characteristics different from those of adult horse ovaries as well as unique morphological features different fromothermammalian species. This case report enhances our understanding of ovaries at a later stage of pregnancy and unveils unique characteristics of horse ovaries development, avoidingmisdiagnosis with pathological findings, hamartomas, or neoplasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Biomolecular investigation of Bartonella spp. in wild rodents of two Swiss regions

Author

Divari, Sara; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6085-0336, Danelli, Marta, Pregel, Paola; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1509-5108, Ghielmetti, Giovanni; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3936-9687, Borel, Nicole; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1556-9262, Bollo, Enrico, Divari, Sara; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6085-0336, Danelli, Marta, Pregel, Paola; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1509-5108, Ghielmetti, Giovanni; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3936-9687, Borel, Nicole; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1556-9262, and Bollo, Enrico

Abstract

Rodents represent a natural reservoir of several Bartonella species, including zoonotic ones. In this study, small wild rodents, collected from two sites in rural areas of Switzerland, were screened for Bartonella spp. using molecular detection methods. In brief, 346 rodents were trapped in two rural sites in the Gantrisch Nature Park of Switzerland (Plasselb, canton of Fribourg, and Riggisberg, canton of Bern). Pools of DNA originating from three animals were tested through a qPCR screening and an end-point PCR, amplifying the 16S-23S rRNA gene intergenic transcribed spacer region and citrate synthase (gltA) loci, respectively. Subsequently, DNA was extracted from spleen samples belonging to single animals of gltA positive pools, and gltA and RNA polymerase subunit beta (rpoB) were detected by end-point PCR. Based on PCR results and sequencing, the prevalence of infection with Bartonella spp. in captured rodents, was 21.10% (73/346): 31.78% in Apodemus sp. (41/129), 10.47% in Arvicola scherman (9/86), 17.05% in Myodes glareolus (22/129), and 50% in Microtus agrestis (1/2). A significant association was observed between Bartonella spp. infection and rodent species (p < 0.01) and between trapping regions and positivity to Bartonella spp. infection (p < 0.001). Similarly, prevalence of Bartonella DNA was higher (p < 0.001) in rodents trapped in woodland areas (66/257, 25.68%) compared to those captured in open fields (9/89, 10.11%). Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the extracted Bartonella DNA belonged mainly to B. taylorii and also to Candidatus “Bartonella rudakovii”, B. grahamii, B. doshiae, and B. birtlesii. In conclusion, the present study could rise public health issues regarding Bartonella infection in rodents in Switzerland.

Published
2021

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