133,213 results on '"Distribution"'
Search Results
2. Warehousing and distribution network design from a third-party logistics (3PL) company perspective.
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Karagiannis, Georgios, Minis, Ioannis, Arampantzi, Christina, and Dikas, Georgios
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FREIGHT forwarders ,DISTRIBUTION costs ,THIRD-party logistics ,WAREHOUSES ,COST control ,SUPPLY chains ,WAREHOUSING & storage - Abstract
This paper deals with the problem of optimising the network of a Third-Party Logistics (3PL) company, placing emphasis on the distinct characteristics of the 3PL environment. The goal is to minimise the warehousing and distribution costs for both forward and reverse product flows. A new Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) model is proposed to address this interesting problem. The related decisions include: selection of (a) warehouse(s) and the related product inventory quantities, (b) product unit loads transported, (c) truck combinations employed to perform the corresponding forward and reverse trips. The model was applied in a case study of a 3PL company to optimise part of its forward supply chain that comprises three warehouses, 23 suppliers and 53 customers. The results obtained were very encouraging, since overall warehousing and distribution costs were lowered by 10.8%. Sensitivity analysis indicated that additional savings may result from optimising warehousing capacities. The main contributions of this work are the inclusiveness of key aspects of the 3PL environment in the proposed model, as well as placing emphasis on warehousing costs and on management of truck capacities. A secondary contribution is the validation of the model's value through a comprehensive case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Beetles Around North Campus Open Space - A Cheadle Center Coverboard Chronicle
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Campos, Calen, Tang, Ryan, Crawford, Shelby, Seltmann, Katja, and Dobson, Alistair
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Beetles ,macroinvertebrates ,soil pH ,humidity ,coverboard ,distribution ,restoration ,North Campus Open Space ,biodiversity ,ecology - Abstract
North Campus Open Space (NCOS) is a large-scale restored habitat in the historic Devereaux slough in Goleta, California. Forty-four plywood cover boards measuring 3’ x 4’ were dispersed across NCOS in four distinct habitats (grassland, woodland, coast sage scrubland, and marshland). For over 4 years, researchers have tracked the presence of animals under these coverboards, mostly small rodents and herpetofauna, following the area’s habitat restoration. Patterns of their distribution are increasingly understood as surveys continue; however, little is known about the patterns of invertebrate distribution and the factors influencing them. Invertebrates provide essential ecosystem functions as they break down organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem, and they can serve as insightful bioindicators of ecosystem health. Previous studies documented that in agricultural systems, mean annual precipitation and soil pH are the largest predictors of soil invertebrate richness. In this study, we test whether these variables accurately predict patterns of invertebrate richness in a restored ecosystem. We focused on two diverse macroinvertebrate taxa, Coleoptera (beetles) and Arachnida (spiders). By collecting, curating, and identifying beetles and spiders under each coverboard we were able to establish what species reside in the various habitats. We took measurements of the soil pH under each board as well as the humidity in the interspace between the soil and the board as a proxy for mean annual precipitation. Our preliminary data suggest that soil pH and relative humidity partially contribute to the distribution of macroinvertebrates within habitats. However, other factors such as cohabitation, soil type, adjacent vegetation, or other factors involved in nutrient cycling, could have larger effects on the distribution patterns of these taxa.This poster was presented at the UCSB undergraduate research colloquium 2024.
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- 2024
4. Orthohantaviruses in Misiones Province, Northeastern Argentina
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Vadeli, Maria Victoria, Burgos, Eliana Florencia, Lamattina, Daniela, Bellomo, Carla, Martinez, Valeria, Coelho, Rocio, Lanzone, Cecilia, Labaroni, Carolina Alicia, Tauro, Laura, Salomon, Oscar Daniel, and Villafane, Isabel Elisa Gomez
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Misiones, Argentina (Province) -- Health aspects ,Rodents -- Health aspects ,Hantaviruses -- Distribution -- Health aspects ,Animals as carriers of disease -- Identification and classification ,Health ,Company distribution practices ,Identification and classification ,Distribution ,Health aspects - Abstract
Orthohantavirus is a genus of globally distributed RNA viruses in the family Hantaviridae. In the Americas, the viruses are hosted by native rodent species within the Cricetidae family (2). Although [...]
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- 2024
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5. Evidence of Orientia spp. Endemicity among Severe Infectious Disease Cohorts, Uganda
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Blair, Paul W., Kobba, Kenneth, Okello, Stephen, Alharthi, Sultanah, Naluyima, Prossy, Clemens, Emily, Kibuuka, Hannah, Clark, Danielle V., Kakooza, Francis, Lamorde, Mohammed, Manabe, Yukari C., and Dumler, J. Stephen
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Uganda -- Health aspects ,Rickettsia -- Health aspects -- Distribution ,Scrub typhus -- Causes of ,Health ,Company distribution practices ,Distribution ,Causes of ,Health aspects - Abstract
Scrub typhus is a leading cause of nonmalarial febrile illness in Southeast Asia (1). Scrub typhus is caused by miteborne Orentia tsutsugamushi infections, which until recently were thought to be [...]
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- 2024
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6. Body Louse Pathogen Surveillance among Persons Experiencing Homelessness, Canada, 2020-2021
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Boodman, Carl, Lindsay, Leslie R., Dibernardo, Antonia, Kisil, Kathy, Coatsworth, Heather, Huynh, Chris, Heendeniya, Amila, Schellenberg, John, and Keynan, Yoav
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Verruga peruana -- Causes of -- Demographic aspects ,Homeless persons -- Health aspects ,Bartonella -- Health aspects -- Distribution ,Health ,Company distribution practices ,Distribution ,Demographic aspects ,Health aspects ,Causes of - Abstract
In 2020, Canada's largest cluster of Bartonella quintana endocarditis, an infection caused by a louseborne bacterium, was detected among persons experiencing homelessness in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (1). Over a 6-month [...]
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- 2024
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7. Bluetongue Virus Serotype 3 and Schmallenberg Virus in Culicoides Biting Midges, Western Germany, 2023
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Voigt, Anja, Kampen, Helge, Heuser, Elisa, Zeiske, Sophie, Hoffmann, Bernd, Hoper, Dirk, Holsteg, Mark, Sick, Franziska, Ziegler, Sophia, Wernike, Kerstin, Beer, Martin, and Werner, Doreen
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Diptera -- Health aspects ,RNA viruses -- Health aspects -- Identification and classification -- Distribution ,Ruminants -- Health aspects ,Vector-borne diseases -- Distribution ,Health ,Company distribution practices ,Identification and classification ,Distribution ,Health aspects - Abstract
Biting midge-borne bluetongue virus (BTV), an Orbivirus of the Sedoreoviridae family, can cause epizootic disease in domestic and wild ruminants (2). Bluetongue (BT) is a World Organisation for Animal Health-listed [...]
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- 2024
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8. Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus among Dairy Cattle, Texas, USA
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Oguzie, Judith U., Marushchak, Lyudmyla V., Shittu, Ismaila, Lednicky, John A., Miller, Aaron L., Hao, Haiping, Nelson, Martha I., and Gray, Gregory C.
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Texas -- Health aspects ,Avian influenza -- Distribution ,Avian influenza viruses -- Genetic aspects ,Dairy cattle -- Health aspects ,Health ,Company distribution practices ,Distribution ,Genetic aspects ,Health aspects - Abstract
Since the arrival of clade 2.3.4.4b avian influenza A(H5N1) in North America in late 2021, frequent mammal spillover events have occurred in a diverse range of species, including 1 human [...]
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- 2024
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9. Alongshan Virus Infection in Rangi fer tarandus Reindeer, Northeastern China
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Xu, Wenbo, Wang, Wei, Li, Liang, Li, Nan, Liu, Ziyan, Che, Lihe, Wang, Guanyu, Zhang, Kaiyu, Feng, Xianmin, Wang, Wen- Jing, Liu, Quan, and Wang, Zedong
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Tick-borne diseases -- Causes of -- Distribution ,Reindeer -- Health aspects ,Caribou -- Health aspects ,Health ,Company distribution practices ,Distribution ,Causes of ,Health aspects - Abstract
The novel tickborne virus Alongshan virus (ALSV) belongs to the Jingmenvirus group of the Flaviviridae family and is associated with human febrile illness (2). Initially identified in tick-bitten patients and [...]
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- 2024
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10. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Domestic Dairy Cattle and Cats, United States, 2024
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Burrough, Eric R., Magstadt, Drew R., Petersen, Barbara, Timmermans, Simon J., Gauger, Phillip C., Zhang, Jianqiang, Siepker, Chris, Mainenti, Marta, Li, Ganwu, Thompson, Alexis C., Gorden, Patrick J., Plummer, Paul J., and Main, Rodger
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Avian influenza -- Genetic aspects -- Distribution ,Dairy cattle -- Health aspects ,Cats -- Health aspects ,Health ,Company distribution practices ,Distribution ,Genetic aspects ,Health aspects - Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses pose a threat to wild birds and poultry globally, and HPAI H5N1 viruses are of even greater concern because of their frequent spillover into [...]
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- 2024
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11. Newly Recognized Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia as Cause of Severe Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever--Like Illness, Northern California, USA
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Probert, Will S., Haw, Monica P., Nichol, Aran C., Glaser, Carol A., Park, Sarah Y., Campbell, Laura E., Trivedi, Kavita K., Romo, Hannah, Saunders, Megan E.M., Kjemtrup, Anne M., Padgett, Kerry A., and Hacker, Jill K.
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Rickettsia -- Identification and classification -- Health aspects -- Distribution ,Rocky Mountain spotted fever -- Causes of -- Diagnosis ,Health ,Company distribution practices ,Identification and classification ,Diagnosis ,Distribution ,Health aspects ,Causes of - Abstract
Rickettsioses are undifferentiated febrile illnesses, often accompanied by myalgia and rash, that are caused by intracellular gram-negative bacteria of the genus Rickettsia. Spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia are transmitted through [...]
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- 2024
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12. Is Garra rezai (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) a species known only from two widely disjunct areas in the Tigris drainage?
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Kaya, Cüneyt, Imre, Haydar Birol, Kurtul, Irmak, and Pensoft Publishers
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Asia Minor ,Biodiversity ,Distribution ,Fish fauna ,Mesopotamia - Published
- 2024
13. Five new species of Exalloniscus Stebbing, 1911 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from China
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Jiang, Chao, Yao, Chonghui, Huang, Luqi, Li, Weichun, and Pensoft Publishers
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China ,Distribution ,Morphology ,new species ,taxonomy - Published
- 2024
14. A new species of land snail, Xanthomelon amurndamilumila, from the North East Isles off Groote Eylandt (= Ayangkidarrba), Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia (Stylommatophora, Camaenidae)
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Köhler, Frank, Willan, Richard C, Bourke, Adam J, Barden, Paul, Shea, Michael, and Pensoft Publishers
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Distribution ,Gastropoda ,Helicoidea ,Pulmonata ,taxonomy - Published
- 2024
15. Additions to the knowledge on the genus Phintella Strand, 1906 (Araneae, Salticidae, Chrysillini) from India
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Sudhin, Puthoor Pattammal, Caleb, John T. D., Sen, Souvik, and Pensoft Publishers
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China ,Distribution ,Jumping spider ,new species ,taxonomy ,Type locality ,Vietnam - Published
- 2024
16. Press, pulse, and squeeze: Is climatic equilibrium ever possible on mountains?
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Loik, Michael E
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Biological Sciences ,Ecology ,Alpine ,Distribution ,Migration ,Montane ,Sub -alpine ,Environmental Sciences ,Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences ,Zoology ,Environmental management - Published
- 2024
17. Vocal repertoire of Microhyla nilphamariensis from Delhi and comparison with closely related M. ornata populations from the western coast of India and Sri Lanka.
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Srigyan, Megha, Samad, Abdus, Singh, Abhishek, Karan, Jyotsna, Chandra, Abhishek, Sinha, Pooja, Kumar, Vineeth, Das, Sandeep, Thomas, Ashish, and Suyesh, Robin
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Amphibia ,Anura ,Bioacoustics ,Call diversity ,Distribution ,Indian subcontinent ,Microhylidae ,Urban ecology ,Humans ,Animals ,Sri Lanka ,Acoustics ,Anura ,India ,Vocalization ,Animal - Abstract
Advertisement calls in frogs have evolved to be species-specific signals of recognition and are therefore considered an essential component of integrative taxonomic approaches to identify species and delineate their distribution range. The species rich genus Microhyla is a particularly challenging group for species identification, discovery and conservation management due to the small size, conserved morphology and wide distribution of its members, necessitating the need for a thorough description of their vocalization. In this study, we provide quantitative description of the vocal behaviour of Microhyla nilphamariensis, a widely distributed south Asian species, from Delhi, India, based on call recordings of 18 individuals and assessment of 21 call properties. Based on the properties measured acrossed 360 calls, we find that a typical advertisement call of M. nilphamariensis lasts for 393.5 ± 57.5 ms, has 17 pulses on average and produce pulses at rate of 39 pulses/s. The overall call dominant frequency was found to be 2.8 KHz and the call spectrum consisted of two dominant frequency peaks centered at 1.6 KHz and 3.6 KHz, ranging between 1.5-4.1 KHz. Apart from its typical advertisement call, our study also reveals the presence of three rare call types, previously unreported in this species. We describe variability in call properties and discuss their relation to body size and temperature. We found that overall dominant frequency 1 (spectral property) was found to be correlated with body size, while first pulse period (temporal property) was found to be correlated with temperature. Further, we compare the vocal repertoire of M. nilphamariensis with that of the congener Microhyla ornata from the western coast of India and Sri Lanka and also compare the call properties of these two populations of M. ornata to investigate intra-specific call variation. We find statistically significant differentiation in their acoustic repertoire in both cases. Based on 18 call properties (out of 20), individuals of each locality clearly segregate on PCA factor plane forming separate groups. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) using PCA factors shows 100% classification success with individuals of each locality getting classified to a discrete group. This confirms significant acoustic differentiation between these species as well as between geographically distant conspecifics. The data generated in this study will be useful for comparative bioacoustic analysis of Microhyla species and can be utilized to monitor populations and devise conservation management plan for threatened species in this group.
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- 2024
18. The New Bioweapons: How Synthetic Biology Could Destabilize the World
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Brent, Roger, Mckelvey, T. Greg, Jr., and Matheny, Jason
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Control ,Distribution ,Prevention ,Usage ,Innovations ,Laws, regulations and rules ,Government regulation ,Company distribution practices ,Epidemics -- Control -- United States ,Pathogenic microorganisms -- Usage ,COVID-19 -- Distribution -- Prevention ,Biological weapons -- Innovations -- Usage -- Laws, regulations and rules ,Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological and Toxic Weapons, 1972 - Abstract
In cybersecurity, a penetration test is a simulated attack on a computer system's defenses that uses the tools and techniques an adversary would employ. Such tests are used by all [...]
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- 2024
19. Concurrent Infection with Clade 2.3.4.4b Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N6 and H5N1 Viruses, South Korea, 2023
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Heo, Gyeong-Beom, Kang, Yong-Myung, An, Se-Hee, Kim, Yeongbu, Cha, Ra Mi, Jang, Yunyueng, Lee, Eun-Kyoung, Lee, Youn-Jeong, and Lee, Kwang-Nyeong
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Avian influenza -- Distribution ,Sentinel health events -- Observations ,Virus research ,Health ,Company distribution practices ,Observations ,Distribution - Abstract
Since clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses first emerged in East Asia in 2013-14, clade 2.3.4.4b has spread throughout Europe, Africa, and Middle East in 2016-17, causing [...]
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- 2024
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20. Climate Models Indicate Compensating Effects between Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gases and Aerosols on the 2022 Central Andes Spring Drought
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Kam, Jonghun, Min, Seung-Ki, Kim, Byeong-Hee, Kim, Yeon-Hee, Diaz, Leandro B., Kug, Jong-Seong, and Park, Rokjin
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Andes -- Environmental aspects ,Greenhouse gases -- Distribution -- Environmental aspects ,Aerosols -- Distribution -- Environmental aspects ,Droughts -- Environmental aspects -- South America ,Climate models -- Usage ,Moisture -- Distribution -- Environmental aspects ,Business ,Earth sciences ,Company distribution practices ,Distribution ,Usage ,Environmental aspects - Abstract
CMIP6 simulations showed a weak human contribution to 2022-like Central Andes spring droughts, due to compensating impacts between anthropogenic greenhouse gases and aerosols. The Central Andes is a semiarid mountainous [...]
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- 2024
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21. Characterizing Overwater High Ozone Events in the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria Region during the 2021 GO3 and TRACER-AQ Campaigns
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Griggs, Travis, Flynn, James, Wang, Yuxuan, Alvarez, Sergio, Comas, Michael, and Walter, Paul
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Atmospheric chemistry -- Research ,Air quality -- Models ,Atmospheric ozone -- Distribution -- Environmental aspects ,Environmental monitoring -- Methods ,Air pollution -- Composition -- Models ,Business ,Earth sciences ,Company distribution practices ,Distribution ,Composition ,Models ,Research ,Methods ,Environmental aspects - Abstract
Photochemical modeling outputs showing high ozone concentrations over the Gulf of Mexico and Galveston Bay during ozone episodes in the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB) region have not been previously verified using in situ observations. Such data were collected systematically, for the first time, from July to October 2021 from three boats deployed for the Galveston Offshore Ozone Observations (GO3) and Tracking Aerosol Convection Interactions Experiment--Air Quality (TRACER-AQ) field campaigns. A pontoon boat and a commercial vessel operated in Galveston Bay, while another commercial vessel operated in the Gulf of Mexico offshore of Galveston. All three boats had continuously operating sampling systems that included ozone analyzers and weather stations, and the two boats operating in Galveston Bay had a ceilometer. The sampling systems operated autonomously on the two commercial boats as they traveled their daily routes. Thirty-seven ozonesondes were launched over water on forecast high ozone days in Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. During the campaigns, multiple periods of ozone exceeding 100 ppbv were observed over water in Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. These events included previously identified conditions for high ozone events in the HGB region, such as the bay/sea-breeze recirculation and postfrontal environments, as well as a localized coastal high ozone event after the passing of a tropical system (Hurricane Nicholas) that was not well forecast. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This work aims to address the observational gap of overwater air quality monitoring in the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria region by instrumenting multiple vessels with different operating profiles to collect overwater observations, which will improve air quality forecasting and the direct understanding of ozone formation and transport over water. KEYWORDS: Marine boundary layer; Sea breezes; Ship observations; Air quality; Atmospheric chemistry; Ozone, 1. Introduction Surface ozone is a regulated criterion pollutant by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) because of its harmful effects on [...]
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- 2024
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22. Phylogeography of the Pacific Sardine, Sardinops sagax, across its Northeastern Pacific Range
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Adams, Ella S. and Craig, Matthew T.
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Biological research ,Biology, Experimental ,Phylogeny -- Research ,Zoogeography -- Research ,Science and technology ,Company distribution practices ,Distribution ,Research - Abstract
The Pacific sardine, (Sardinops sagax), is a small, coastal pelagic species in the family Clupeidae. Sardine are ecologically important forage for many animals, and have historically supported a large commercial fishery. To expand on previous evolutionary genetic studies of population structure and to test if population structure is present in Pacific sardine was reflective of long-term processes, 434 individuals were examined ranging from Vancouver Island, British Columbia to Bahia Magdalena, Baja California, and from the Gulf of California. A 1062 bp fragment of the cytochrome b gene yielded small but significant fixation estimates of [[PHI].sub.ST] (0.01136, p = 0.032). Concordantly low fixation was observed for two [[PHI].sub.CT] groupings (0.00435, p = 0.128 and 0.00923, p = 0.021). These data support the null hypothesis of an absence of genetic structure in the Pacific sardine., Analysis of population structure is important to the study of species and to the field of evolutionary biology. Molecular analysis of populations in relation to hypothesized barriers to gene flow [...]
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- 2024
23. Analysis of gender wage gap and the Nigerian labour market: a new empirical evidence
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Orji, Anthony and Nwosu, Emmanuel O.
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- 2024
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24. Diversity of Aphid Fauna (Hemiptera: Aphididae) of Kerala
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Ganganalli, Sharanabasappa M, Bhaskar, Haseena, Joshi, Sunil, and Vidya, C V
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- 2024
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25. Attractiveness and Oviposition Preference of Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn) as Influenced by Leaf Trichomes
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Saad, Khalid A, Ali, Abdallatif S M, Salem, Mansour, Agbali, Muna M, and Idris, A B
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- 2024
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26. Plasmodium vivax Infections among Immigrants from China Traveling to the United States
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Khamly, Paloma, Kapadia, Nahel, Umali-Wilcox, Minette, Butler-Wu, Susan M., and Davar, Kusha
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Los Angeles, California -- Health aspects ,Plasmodium vivax -- Distribution -- Health aspects ,Immigrants -- Health aspects ,Chinese -- Health aspects ,Malaria -- Distribution -- Demographic aspects -- Social aspects ,Health ,Company distribution practices ,Distribution ,Social aspects ,Demographic aspects ,Health aspects - Abstract
Plasmodium vivax, the most widely geographically distributed species of the Plasmodium genus, causes malaria in humans and is transmitted through the bite of infectious Anopheles mosquitoes. P. vivax is the [...]
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- 2024
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27. Role of size, surface charge, and PEGylated lipids of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) on intramuscular delivery of mRNA.
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Kong, Weiwen, Wei, Yuning, Dong, Zirong, Liu, Wenjuan, Zhao, Jiaxin, Huang, Yan, Yang, Jinlong, Wu, Wei, He, Haisheng, and Qi, Jianping
- Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are currently the most commonly used non-viral gene delivery system. Their physiochemical attributes, encompassing size, charge and surface modifications, significantly affect their behaviors both in vivo and in vitro. Nevertheless, the effects of these properties on the transfection and distribution of LNPs after intramuscular injection remain elusive. In this study, LNPs with varying sizes, lipid-based charges and PEGylated lipids were formulated to study their transfection and in vivo distribution. Luciferase mRNA (mLuc) was entraped in LNPs as a model nucleic acid molecule. Results indicated that smaller-sized LNPs and those with neutral potential presented superior transfection efficiency after intramuscular injection. Surprisingly, the sizes and charges did not exert a notable influence on the in vivo distribution of the LNPs. Furthermore, PEGylated lipids with shorter acyl chains contributed to enhanced transfection efficiency due to their superior cellular uptake and lysosomal escape capabilities. Notably, the mechanisms underlying cellular uptake differed among LNPs containing various types of PEGylated lipids, which was primarily attributed to the length of their acyl chain. Together, these insights underscore the pivotal role of nanoparticle characteristics and PEGylated lipids in the intramuscular route. This study not only fills crucial knowledge gaps but also provides significant directions for the effective delivery of mRNA via LNPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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28. Exploring distribution and genomic diversity of begomoviruses associated with yellow mosaic disease of legume crops from India, highlighting the dominance of mungbean yellow mosaic India virus.
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Akram, Mohammad, Kamaal, Naimuddin, Pratap, Aditya, Kumar, Deepender, Muin, Abdul, Sabale, P. R., Aidbhavi, Revanasidda, Sunani, Sunil Kumar, Rathore, Meenal, Gupta, Sanjeev, Singh, N. P., Dey, N., Dixit, G. P., and Nair, Ramakrishnan M.
- Abstract
Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) caused by several begomoviruses is one of the major constraints of over a dozen leguminous crops worldwide, particularly in Asian and Southeast Asian countries. The present study aimed to investigate the distribution, diversity and prevalence of begomoviruses associated with YMD in leguminous hosts in five agro-climatic zones of India, to assess the extent of their geographical presence and develop location and crop-specific distribution maps. One hundred and seventy-four leguminous plant samples were tested from 32 locations in India to detect YMD-causing viruses. Additionally, publicly available data were incorporated into this study to provide a comprehensive overview of their distribution in India. This resulted in 581 reports on the DNA-A component representing 119 locations, which were also utilized to depict the distribution of YMD-causing viruses on a map of India. In this study, 117 full-length DNA-A and 103 DNA-B components were successfully characterized, representing the detected mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV), mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV), and horsegram yellow mosaic virus in the collected samples. Phylogenetic analysis of isolates of these species showed no differentiation based on location in India. Diversity indices revealed the abundance (55.9%) and dominance (0.56) of MYMIV across 119 locations. These findings hold significant implications for legume researchers, offering insights into disease prevalence and geographic distribution. Furthermore, the distribution of YMD-causing viruses in different agro-climatic zones will help researchers in developing zone-specific YMD-resistant cultivars of the legume crops and would facilitate effective disease management options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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29. Prevalence, spatial distribution and determinants of complete childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel analyses.
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Tamir, Tadesse Tarik, Terefe, Bewuketu, Wassie, Mulugeta, Workneh, Belayneh Shetie, and Zegeye, Alebachew Ferede
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PNEUMOCOCCAL vaccines , *ACUTE otitis media , *VACCINATION of children , *VACCINATION coverage , *MATERNAL age - Abstract
Introduction: Pneumococcal disease is a serious global public health concern. The primary causative agent of severe illnesses such as pneumonia, meningitis, acute otitis media, and bacteremia is the pneumococcus bacterium. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is a key strategy to reduce the burden of pneumococcal disease. Understanding the spatial distribution of complete childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccine utilization and its associated factors is crucial for designing strategies to improve vaccination implementation. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the spatial distribution of complete childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccination coverage and identify its determinants in Ethiopia. Method: A spatial and multilevel analysis was conducted using data from the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey. The analysis included a total of 2,055 weighted children. The association between the outcome variable and the explanatory variables was determined by calculating adjusted odds ratios at a 95% confidence interval. Explanatory variables were considered significantly associated with the outcome if the p-value was less than 0.05. Result: The prevalence of complete childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Ethiopia was 53.94% (95% CI: 51.77, 56.08). Higher complete childhood pneumococcal vaccination coverage was observed in the Addis Ababa, Tigray, Amhara, Benishangul-Gumuz, and Oromia regions, while lower coverage was seen in the Afar, Somali, and SNNPR regions of Ethiopia. Factors significantly associated with complete childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccination included maternal age, antenatal care visits, place of delivery, region, community women's literacy level, community poverty level, and community antenatal care utilization. Conclusion: The distribution of complete childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccination exhibited spatial variability across Ethiopia. Approximately half of children aged twelve to thirty-five months received the full dose of the childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the country. Several factors were identified as statistically significant determinants of complete childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccination, including maternal age, antenatal care visits, place of delivery, region, community women's literacy level, community poverty level, and community ANC utilization. Therefore, policies and strategies aimed at combating pneumococcal disease should consider these determinants and address areas with low vaccination coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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30. Preclinical pharmacokinetic studies and prediction of human PK profiles for Deg-AZM, a clinical-stage new transgelin agonist.
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Xiaoting Gu, Xiaohe Li, Weixue Tian, Chaoyue Zheng, Yutian Cai, Xiang Xu, Conglu Zhao, Hongting Liu, Yao Sun, Zhilin Luo, Shuwen Zhu, Honggang zhou, Xiaoyu Ai, and Cheng Yang
- Abstract
Introduction: Deglycosylated azithromycin (Deg-AZM), a newly developed Class I drug with good therapeutic effects on slow transit constipation, is a smallmolecule transgelin agonist that has been approved for clinical trials in 2024. The preclinical pharmacokinetic profile of Deg-AZM was investigated to support further development. Methods: A LC-MS/MS method was established and validated to detected the concentration of Deg-AZM in various biological samples. In vivo tests such as pharmacokinetic studies in rats and dogs, tissue distribution studies in rats, and extraction studies in rats were conducted to investigated the preclinical pharmacokinetic behaviors of Deg-AZM comprehensively. The plasma protein rate of Deg-AZM was determined by rapid equilibrium dialysis method in vitro. The metabolic stability and metabolite profile of Deg-AZM was assessed using pooled mice, rats, dogs, monkeys and humans microsomes in vitro. The PK profiles of Deg-AZM in human was predicted based on physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. Results: The plasma protein binding rates of Deg-AZM were lower in mice and rats, higher in dogs, and moderate in humans. The metabolic process of Deg-AZM was similar in rat and human liver microsomes. From Pharmacokinetic studies in rats and dogs, Deg-AZM was rapidly absorbed into the blood and then quickly eliminated. Plasma exposure of Deg-AZM was dose dependent with no accumulation after continuous gavage administration. In addition, there is no significant gender difference in the pharmacokinetic behavior of Deg-AZM. Deg-AZM was widely distributed in the tissues without obvious accumulation, and mainly excreted from the urinary excretion pathway. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic profiles of Deg-AZM in humans showed dose dependency. Conclusion: The pharmacokinetic profiles of Deg-AZM was fully explored, these results could provide valuable information to support the first-in-human dosage prediction and phase I clinical design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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31. The Concentration of Reproduction During the Fertility Transition in Developing Countries.
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Spoorenberg, Thomas
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FERTILITY , *HUMAN fertility , *COUNTRIES ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
This article revisits and updates an earlier study of the increased concentration of reproduction that has occurred or is occurring during the fertility transition in developing countries. Using 350 DHS datasets for 87 developing countries, the analysis extends the observation period by several decades, considers a larger range of completed fertility, and expands the geographic coverage by including more countries from all regions of the world. It shows that reproduction tends to become increasingly concentrated within the population during the early stages of the fertility transition in developing countries, but that once completed fertility reaches a level of about 4 children per woman, the concentration of reproduction tends to stabilize. The changing concentration of reproduction over the course of the fertility transition in developing countries has implications for who becomes a parent, who bears the risks of childbearing, and who covers the costs of raising children in a society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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32. A multidisciplinary approach unveils the distribution of the Alpine long-eared bat Plecotus macrobullaris (Vespertilionidae) in Italy.
- Author
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Mori, Emiliano, Baratti, Mariella, Viviano, Andrea, Dondini, Gianna, Vergari, Simone, Patriarca, Elena, Debernardi, Paolo, Spada, Martina, Vergari, Sebastiano, and Ancillotto, Leonardo
- Subjects
- *
GENETIC techniques , *CYTOCHROME oxidase , *NUMBERS of species , *SYMPATRIC speciation , *SPECIES distribution - Abstract
Genetic techniques have allowed to identify a number of cryptic species of bats and to better define their distribution ranges and conservation status. Long-eared bats Plecotus spp. occur throughout Eurasia and Africa, with a high number of morphologically similar species, often occurring in sympatry. Therefore, disentangling the distribution of one species from another may be challenging. Italy represents a diversity hotspot for long-eared bats in Europe, hosting six species belonging to the genus Plecotus. In this study we report on both published and unpublished investigations on the Alpine long-eared bat Plecotus macrobullaris by integrating field and molecular methods, as well as opportunistic verified records from citizen scientists (i.e., individuals showing the diagnostic triangular chin pad in photos), to redefine the distribution of this species in Italy. We retrieved a total of 149 published records and 16 new confirmed records, namely 7 from iNaturalist, 6 from Facebook and 3 from molecular analyses. In Italy, the species occurs throughout the Alpine and Pre-Alpine chain, as well as in close proximity to the sea, and in Northeastern plains. Based on new records, we proved that it occurs also in other areas, including the Northern Apennine ridge. Our findings call for the application of an integrated approach in investigating cryptic species, that provides valuable data to support conservation assessments and the establishment of proper protection measures for poorly known species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from two priority areas for biodiversity conservation in the Brazilian Amazon and range extension for Carollia benkeithi (Phyllostomidae).
- Author
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Soeiro, Andreza and Bezerra, Alexandra M. R.
- Subjects
- *
BIODIVERSITY conservation , *TROPICAL forests , *PHYLLOSTOMIDAE , *SPECIAL drawing rights , *SPECIES diversity , *BATS - Abstract
Amazonian tropical forests host the highest bat diversity in South America. The central area Brazilian Amazon encompasses one of the largest pristine areas within this biome, where Amanã and Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserves (SDRs) are located. These two reserves hold the status of Priority Areas for Biodiversity Conservation due to their high biological relevance. The aim of this study was to identify the bat species richness within these SDRs to minimize the Wallacean shortfall of the chiropterofauna in the Amazon. A total of 274 specimens, collected 20 years ago and housed in the mammal collection at the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, were sorted and identified. They are distributed across four families, 18 genera, and 26 species: Artibeus planirostris and Carollia perspicillata were the most abundant vouchers. We identified a range extension for Carollia benkeithi and a possible new taxon for the genus Micronycteris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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34. Downfall of an empire: Unmasking the hidden diversity and distribution of the Amanita rubescens species complex.
- Author
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Quintero-Corrales, Christian A., Vega, Melania, Ramírez-Terrazo, Amaranta, Águila, Bernardo, and Garibay-Orijel, Roberto
- Subjects
- *
RNA polymerase II , *ELONGATION factors (Biochemistry) , *DNA data banks , *ENVIRONMENTAL databases , *GENETIC translation - Abstract
Amanita is one of the most salient mushroom genera due to its cultural, economic, and medical importance. Recently, many new Amanita species have been described worldwide, increasing the genus richness. However, several clades have cryptic diversity, and many species complexes have not yet been resolved. This is the case of the rubescent species in the Validae section, which have been widely cited under the name Amanita rubescens s.l. We used a four-locus matrix (nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer [ITS] and 28S regions and genes for RNA polymerase II subunit 2 [rpb2], translation elongation factor 1-α [tef1-α], and β-tubulin [tub2]) to solve the phylogenetic relationships within the Amanita section Validae. To analyze the diversity and distribution patterns of species, we used an extensive ITS sequence sampling including environmental DNA databases. The phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the Validae section is divided into three monophyletic and highly supported major clades: Mappae, Validae, and Rubescentes. At least 11 species-level clades within the Rubescentes clade were highly supported: A. cruentilemurum nom. prov. A. brunneolocularis, A. rubescens s.s. (European clade), A. rubescens s.s. (Asiatic clade), A. orsonii s.s. A. 'orsonii,' A. aureosubucula nom. prov., A. novinupta, A. flavorubens, and two undescribed North American species. We proved that A. rubescens s.s. has two segregated populations (European and Asiatic) and it is not naturally distributed in America. Furthermore, we found that America has more cryptic species within the Rubescentes clade than Eurasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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35. Spatial ecotoxicology: what we know about the relationship between avian movements and contaminant levels.
- Author
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Baak, Julia E., Provencher, Jennifer F., Mallory, Mark L., and Elliott, Kyle H.
- Subjects
- *
GLOBAL Positioning System , *STABLE isotope analysis , *ENVIRONMENTAL indicators , *BIOINDICATORS , *STATISTICAL power analysis , *FEATHERS - Abstract
Birds are widely used as indicators of environmental contamination because they integrate signals across space and time. However, this advantage also means that locating the source of pollution can be challenging, especially for species that migrate large distances. Historically, the assignment of contaminant burden to particular life stages or locations has been made by sampling tissues with varying time signals and associating those signals with locations assigned from band recoveries or stable isotope analyses. Unfortunately, these assignments are geographically coarse. More recently, tracking devices have been increasingly used to determine more precisely where and when contamination is likely to occur. Here, we review current knowledge on using tracking devices to examine the relationship between avian movements and contaminant loads. We found 42 published articles with samples collected from 1986 to 2021 that used tracking devices to examine the relationship between avian movement and contaminant loads, where studies were primarily concentrated in the northern hemisphere, notably in the North Atlantic. Tracking methodology varied widely across studies to date, but the use of radiotransmitters and satellite tags generally decreased as newer technologies, such as global positioning systems and geolocation sensors, were developed. Blood and feathers were the most commonly used tissues to assess contaminant concentrations, but sample sizes were often low (<40, the recommended sample size for some tracking or contaminant studies), and one-quarter of studies did not statistically test the relationship between tracking data and contaminant concentrations. Moving forward, studies should (1) consider statistical power; (2) consider tissue turnover rates, contaminant turnover rates, and tracking device resolution; (3) examine tissues that inform different time scales; 4) explore the impacts of contaminants on behaviour and movement; and 5) increase collaboration, standardization, and information sharing across existing tracking or contaminant monitoring programs. Focusing on these aspects will enhance our ability to identify the source, transport, and fate of contaminants in avian species across the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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36. Study on distribution of hydroxyapatite (HA) in twin screw extruded cum injection moulded polylactic acid (PLA) composites and their effect on mechanical property.
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Narayanan P, Lakshmi and A, Siddharthan
- Subjects
- *
BIOABSORBABLE implants , *BONE screws , *SCANNING electron microscopes , *DIFFERENTIAL scanning calorimetry , *BIODEGRADABLE materials , *POLYLACTIC acid - Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composite is the most investigated material for biodegradable implant applications such as screws and plates. The objective of this work is to test hypothesis of distribution of HA in PLA composite influence on the variations in the properties of the composites. Investigation was done for the distribution of HA in PLA injection mould (IM) composites for the various concentrations (2 to 8 wt.%) and their effect on mechanical properties such as flexural and tensile test. Proportionate quantity of HA was introduced at fixed intervals in a twin screw extruder for the preparation of PLA composites pellets containing in various wt.% of HA. The distribution of HA in IM PLA composite specimens was analysed by elemental mapping using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and also by estimation of residue (HA) after burn out test of sampling of specimens. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used for the study of effect of HA in PLA composites. The value of standard deviations of mechanical properties, taken as a rudimentary measure of reliability of IM PLA-HA composites, was found to have influence from the distributions of HA. Among the composites studied, PLA-HA composite with 4 and 5 HA wt.% found exhibiting reliable mechanical property due to crystallinity of 31.83% and a comparatively better homogenous dispersion of HA in PLA. A case study of distribution of HA in a product, namely, bone screw, promulgated the issues of IM PLA-HA composites for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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37. Distribution and Risk Assessment of VOCs in Road Dust Across Different Urban Areas.
- Author
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Zhang, Xiaoran, Ren, Weidong, Yan, Lei, Liu, Junfeng, Li, Ye, and Hu, Yuansheng
- Subjects
- *
BUTYL methyl ether , *HEALTH risk assessment , *BENZENE compounds , *VOLATILE organic compounds , *INDUSTRIAL districts - Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are significant pollutants in urban road dust, but their distribution and associated health risks remain unclear. VOC distribution in road dust from six distinct urban areas in Beijing Daxing District, China was systematically investigated. Eighteen VOCs were detected, with the highest load in commercial areas (7.73 μg/g), followed by industrial parks (6.38 μg/g), residential areas (3.35 μg/g), leisure areas (2.79 μg/g), traffic areas (2.01 μg/g) and urban-rural fringe (1.85 μg/g), much lower than in air and water phases. Typical VOCs in road dust include methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) (0.82–1.24 μg/g), benzene series compounds (0.02–4.19 μg/g) and volatile halogenated alkanes (0.002-0.095 μg/g). Incomplete combustion of road vehicle fuels is the key source of VOCs. Particular attention was given to VOCs in typical sites within the urban-rural fringe, known for their unique pollution characteristics. The VOCs loads were ranked as follows: Gas Stations (2.61–2.62 μg/g) > Intersection (1.41 μg/g) > Main Road (1.34 μg/g) > University Gate (1.27 μg/g). Increased vehicle activity and frequent stalling contribute to higher VOCs accumulation in road dust. Health risk assessment indicates there is no appreciable non-carcinogenic risk associated with exposure to road dust VOCs. Further research should consider VOCs in the broader environmental context, including air and water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Evaluation Method of Out‐of‐Plane Deformation on Kirigami Structure with Repetitive Slit Patterns on Concentric Circles.
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Mizuna, Miyako and Iwase, Eiji
- Subjects
- *
DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics) , *ELECTRICAL engineers , *EVALUATION methodology , *QUANTITATIVE research - Abstract
In this study, we devised an evaluation method and a quantitative index for the radial distribution of the out‐of‐plane deformation of kirigami structures with a slit pattern on concentric circles. The concentric kirigami structure was deformed in the out‐of‐plane direction by pulling the center of the structure, and the out‐of‐plane deformation distribution in the radial direction was changed by changing the distance between the slits in the radial direction of the circle and the length on the circumference of the circle. We used a single quantitative index to express the radial distribution of out‐of‐plane deformation. If the design of the kirigami structure can be freely determined from the quantification index, it can significantly contribute to the realization of useful devices which uses the concentric kirigami structure. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
39. Disposition of [14C]-polystyrene microplastics after oral administration to lactating sheep.
- Author
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Shelver, Weilin L., McGarvey, Amy M., and Billey, Lloyd O.
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- *
ORAL drug administration , *FOOD of animal origin , *BLOOD testing , *RADIOACTIVITY , *FOOD animals - Abstract
Microplastics have become a ubiquitous contaminant, but their fate in food animals is largely unknown. In this study, [14C]-polystyrene microplastic (PS-MP) particles were orally dosed to lactating sheep to evaluate their absorption and disposition. Elimination of the [14C]-PS-MP was predominately through faeces with faecal radioactivity peaking at 24 h post-dosing but continuing to be present throughout the entire 72 h study period. Only a small fraction (≤ 1%) of the dosed [14C]-PS-MP was present in blood, milk, and urine. Pharmacokinetic analysis of blood plasma radioactivity, using non-compartment modeling, indicated rapid absorption (T1/2 0.4 to 3 h) with slow elimination (T1/2 37 to 48 h). Radioactivity in milk and urine had similar elimination patterns with radiocarbon activities peaking 24 h post-dosing with detectable elimination throughout the 72 h study period. No radioactivity was quantifiable in tissues at the 72 h withdrawal period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Range expansion in the Golden Jackal, Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758 (Canidae: Carnivora), into the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt.
- Author
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Saleh, Mostafa
- Abstract
The Golden Jackal, Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758 is widely distributed in Europe, Asia and the Middle East. Its range has considerably expanded in Europe over the past few decades. In the Middle East, the species occurs in Levant, including Israel and Palestine, just across the eastern border of Egypt. The first documented occurrence of the species in Egypt was in 2009 from a small area in extreme northeastern Sinai Peninsula, suggesting a very limited distribution within that part of the country. In this paper I report a recent range expansion of the Golden Jackal into large areas in eastern and southern Sinai Peninsula, including well-studied and monitored National Parks where this jackal has never been previously recorded, but is now quite common. I describe the new habitats now colonized by this jackal and discuss its ecological relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Distribution of cereal phytochemicals and micronutrients in whole grains: A review of nutraceutical, industrial, and agricultural implications.
- Author
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Nguyen, Si Nhat, Drawbridge, Pamela, and Beta, Trust
- Abstract
Background and Objectives: There is mounting evidence that whole cereal grains are a source of many micronutrients and phytochemicals that confer several health benefits. This work aimed to investigate the distribution patterns and related implications of selected bioactive compounds from various cereal grains and discuss the techniques used to study their distribution. Findings: Hand dissection and imaging techniques are the methods used to locate bioactive compounds in whole grains with high accuracy. Pearling and milling are methods of industrial importance. Phenolic compounds are concentrated in cereal bran, whereas the germ is rich in carotenoids and tocols (particularly tocopherols). Knowing the distribution pattern of compounds allows a better understanding of their bioaccessibility and associated bioactivity, as well as developing means to recover them and enhance their occurrence in the aleurone layer. Conclusions: Gradient patterns exist in the distribution of phytochemicals and micronutrients derived from cereal grains. This knowledge can be translated into a number of purposeful and practical applications. Significance and Novelty: This study employed a comparative approach to examine the repartition of various compounds in whole grains of assorted cereals with an emphasis on minor crops. The implications are relatable and applicable in diverse sectors to ultimately improve the well‐being of cereal consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Status and distribution of African elephant (Loxodonta africana) in Eastern Africa.
- Author
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Gebrehiwet, Aster Arefaine and Weldeabzgi, Gebre Gidey
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AFRICAN elephant populations ,SPECIES distribution ,SUSTAINABLE development ,SECONDARY analysis - Abstract
This review aims to illustrate the status and distribution of African elephant in Eastern Africa. The source of data for this review was secondary data including published articles, books, Master theses, PhD dissertations and unpublished literatures. The African elephant (Loxodonta africana) is the largest living terrestrial mammal on the earth and perhaps one of the most intelligent. They are present in 50 countries, 13 of which are in Asia and 37 in Africa. The total estimation of elephant in Africa is 472,269, with 29.1% in the Eastern Africa. In recent report, African elephant in South Africa holds approximately 42%, followed by Eastern Africa with 28%, Central Africa with 25%, and West Africa with 5%. As a result of illegal hunting, African elephant in Eastern Africa declined by 62 percent from 2006 to 2013. Largely attributed decrease in Tanzania. However, the number of African elephants in south Sudan has been increase but there is no longer a resident elephant in Somalia. To sustain African elephant, first and foremost requirement is identifying and assessing its population status and distribution across targeted areas. Therefore, this review is important to realize sustainable management approaches for African elephant in Eastern Africa by understanding their status and distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
43. Toward the first documented extinction of a marine macroalga in the Mediterranean Sea?
- Author
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Descourvières, Emmanuelle, Bandelj, Vinko, Sfriso, Adriano, Orlando-Bonaca, Martina, Mačić, Vesna, Iveša, Ljiljana, Kipson, Silvija, Gljušćić, Edi, Battelli, Claudio, Moro, Isabella, Solidoro, Cosimo, and Falace, Annalisa
- Abstract
Fucus virsoides is a glacial relict-species endemic to the Adriatic that was widespread from northern Italy to southern Albania. In recent decades, however, it has suffered an alarming decline. In this study, all available records were reviewed to reconstruct its historical and current occurrence and to investigate the possible causes of its decline. Comprehensive mapping revealed a continuing decline with a significant shift, leaving only about 20 fragmented populations. While the species is already classified as critically endangered in Albania, F. virsoides could be considered functionally extinct in Istria (Croatia), critically threatened with extinction in Italy and Montenegro and locally extinct in Slovenia. The status of the species in the rest of Croatia is still unclear. The remaining populations are located in areas characterised by low temperatures, low salinity and high nutrient concentrations. Long-term analyses of these key abiotic factors revealed profound changes that suggest a link to the species' decline. This study provides a thorough assessment of the overall status of F. virsoides and argues for its inclusion on the IUCN Red List. Immediate conservation measures are needed for the long-term survival of this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Diversity and distribution of large centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) in Nui Chua National Park, Vietnam.
- Author
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Le, Son X., Do, Thinh T., Nguyen, Thuc H., and Tran, Binh T. T.
- Subjects
CENTIPEDES ,NATIONAL parks & reserves ,FIELD research ,ALTITUDES ,SUBSPECIES - Abstract
Field surveys on large centipedes of Nui Chua National Park, south-central part of Vietnam, were conducted in September 2023 and February 2024. As a result, a total of 12 species/subspecies belonging to five genera and two families of the order Scolopendromorpha were recorded. Of two families, Scolopendridae has nine species in four genera, while Cryptopidae has only two species in one genus. In addition, the distribution pattern of the large centipedes is discussed based on the season (rainy versus dry), altitudes, and different habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. The present state of leech fauna (Annelida: Hirudinea) in Dal Lake, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
- Author
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Khan, Niyaz Ali, Mir, Zahoor Ahmad, and Bakhtiyar, Yahya
- Subjects
ANNELIDA ,LEECHES ,WATER pollution ,HOST-parasite relationships ,WATER birds ,BENTHIC animals - Abstract
Dal Lake supports a diverse group of fauna, including fishes, aquatic birds, zooplankton, and macrobenthic invertebrates. This study is the first taxonomic documentation of the leech fauna of Dal Lake. A total of nine leech taxa belonging to four families were identified and described: Glossiphoniidae - Alboglossiphonia weberi, A. heteroclita, Glossiphonia complanata, Helobdella stagnalis, Hemiclepsis marginata asiatica, and Theromyzon sp.; Erpobdellidae - Erpobdella octoculata; Hirudinidae - Poecilobdella granulosa; and Haemopidae - Haemopis indicus. Leeches play key roles in prey-predator dynamics and host-parasite relationships in freshwater ecosystems and as bioindicators of water pollution. This study provides essential data for taxonomic accounts and the diversity of leech fauna in Dal Lake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. The accumulation of cadmium in poplar trees during three consecutive years.
- Author
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Cheng, Bixin, Rong, Gong, Ying, Siya, Kong, Suming, Chu, Yin, and Liu, Shengquan
- Subjects
- *
WOOD , *PLANT-soil relationships , *PHYTOREMEDIATION , *SOIL drying , *BIOCONCENTRATION - Abstract
A three-year pot experiment was designed to investigate cadmium (Cd) accumulation in the various parts of poplar (
Populus deltoides Bartr. cv. ‘Lux’ I-69/55) by setting up 5 Cd application treatments (0, 5, 20, 50, and 100 mg/kg dry soil). The results showed that poplar exhibited a high tolerance to Cd stress, with Cd uptake significantly increasing across all plant parts as soil Cd levels rose. In general, leaves exhibited the highest Cd concentration while stems had the lowest. An upward increase trend of the accumulation of Cd in the aboveground parts from the base wood, along the stem to the branch, until the leaves, as well as a radially outward increase of Cd from the wood near the pith, to the wood near the bark, and finally to the bark, were observed. Over the three successive years, poplar trees exhibited a generally increasing extraction ability in terms of Cd concentration and the bioconcentration factor (BCF) in their aboveground parts, attributed to the enhanced leaf transpiration and conducting tissue development. The BCFs of various parts of poplar ranged from 0.09 to 6.30, following the trend of leaf > bark > branch > root > stem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Transport and fate of Fukushima-derived 137Cs and 134Cs in the seawater of the Northwest Pacific in 2015.
- Author
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Wang, Fenfen, Men, Wu, Huang, Jiang, Chen, Zhaohui, and Xu, Lixiao
- Abstract
To understand the influence of the Fukushima accident on the Northwest Pacific, the distributions and transportations of
134 Cs and137 Cs in the seawater in the Northwest Pacific in May and September 2015 were studied. The data showed that the Fukushima-derived134 Cs and137 Cs at some stations can still be distinguished from background level ~ 4 years later. On the whole, the activities of137 Cs and134 Cs in seawater were decreasing from May to Sep 2015. But the increased inventories and the surface activities of137 Cs imply that there has ever been an extra137 Cs from offshore water transported to this study area (from 31° N to 27° N, 145° E to 152.5° E) in May 2015. The average activities of137 Cs in subtropical gyre area in south of KE were the highest and the least were to the east of Luzon Strait in 2015. In vertical direction,137 Cs in subtropical gyre area were mainly distributed at 100 ~ 500 m layer and137 Cs only at 500 m layer in this area showed an increasing trend from May to Sep 2015 which reflects more137 Cs were still penetrating to deeper layer of 500 m from upper water. But they were almost not found below 1000 m layer. It was associated with the subsurface transport of radiocesiums by Northwest Pacific Mode Water (NPMW) and the diffusion of mesoscale eddy. Different distribution characteristics of137 Cs existed between north of KE and south of KE. The low-temperature-low-salinity water mass likely to be the first Oyashio Intrusion was the main factor that resulted in higher137 Cs appearing at the upper 100 m layers in north of KE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Regimes of Precipitation Change Over Europe and the Mediterranean.
- Author
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André, Julie, D'Andrea, Fabio, Drobinski, Philippe, and Muller, Caroline
- Subjects
EXTREME weather ,CLIMATE change adaptation ,RAINFALL ,DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory) ,PRECIPITATION probabilities - Abstract
The Mediterranean region is experiencing pronounced aridification and in certain areas higher occurrence of intense precipitation. In this work, we analyze the evolution of the precipitation probability distribution in terms of precipitating days (or "wet‐days") and all‐days quantile trends, in Europe and the Mediterranean, using the ERA5 reanalysis. Looking at the form of wet‐days quantile trends curves, we identify four regimes. Two are predominant: in most of northern Europe the precipitation quantiles all intensify, while in the Mediterranean the low‐medium quantiles are mostly decreasing as extremes intensify or decrease. The wet‐days distribution is then modeled by a Weibull law with two parameters, whose changes capture the four regimes. Assessing the significance of the parameters' changes over 1950–2020 shows that a signal on wet‐days distribution has already emerged in northern Europe (where the distribution shifts to more intense precipitation), but not yet in the Mediterranean, where the natural variability is stronger. We extend the results by describing the all‐days distribution change as the wet‐days' change plus a contribution from the dry‐days frequency change, and study their relative contribution. In northern Europe, the wet‐days distribution change is the dominant driver, and the contribution of dry‐days frequency change can be neglected for wet‐days percentiles above about 50%. In the Mediterranean, however, the change of precipitation distribution comes from the significant increase of dry‐days frequency instead of an intensity change during wet‐days. Therefore, in the Mediterranean the increase of dry‐days frequency is crucial for all‐days trends, even for heavy precipitation. Plain Language Summary: The Mediterranean region is facing increased dryness alongside more intense rainfall in certain areas. We delved into the change of precipitation frequency and intensity across Europe and the Mediterranean using ERA5 reanalysis data from 1950 to 2020. Our analysis revealed four distinct patterns in how rainfall is evolving. In much of northern Europe, heavy rainfall events are becoming more frequent, while in the Mediterranean, lighter precipitation is decreasing while heavy rain is either increasing or decreasing. To understand these changes better, we used a mathematical model with two parameters. This model helped us track the types of changes in precipitation patterns. We found that in northern Europe, the increase in rainfall intensity is the primary driver of change, while in the Mediterranean, it's more about the increase of the dry‐days frequency. These findings underscore the importance of considering both the frequency and intensity of precipitation when studying climate change impacts. By understanding these shifts, we can better prepare for future weather extremes in these regions and adapt to the changing climate. Key Points: Four regimes of change for daily precipitation distribution are identified, and are captured by a two parameters analytical modelIn northern Europe, a signal of increasing mean and extreme precipitation has emergedIn the Mediterranean, the changes of precipitation appears dominated by changes in dry‐days frequency [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Patterns of ZMC and Le Fort Fractures under the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic—"A Changing Face?".
- Author
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Dudde, Florian, Schunk, Johannes, Telschow, Thomas, Barbarewicz, Filip, Schuck, Oliver, Giese, Manfred, and Bergmann, Wilken
- Subjects
- *
COVID-19 pandemic , *HOME accidents , *TRAUMA centers , *HOSPITAL admission & discharge , *PANDEMICS - Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on midfacial fracture patterns/distributions and circumstances in a German craniomaxillofacial trauma center. Methods: This retrospective study compared the midface fracture patterns (excluding nasal fractures) of patients in the pre-COVID (PC) era (February 2019–January 2020) with patients in the intra-COVID (IC) era (February 2020–January 2021). In addition to baseline characteristics, the type of midface fractures, the circumstances leading to midface fractures, and hospital admissions/treatments were analyzed. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a reduction in the total number of midface fractures was observed (PC = 88 vs. IC = 57). No significant differences were found regarding the midfacial fracture localization between both periods. During the pandemic, there was a significant increase in falls, accidents at home, and virus/flu-associated syncopes. At the same time, a significant decrease in sports accidents, interpersonal violence, and alcohol-related accidents leading to midface fractures was recorded. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in accidents during the morning time with a simultaneous reduction in accidents during the nighttime. In addition to that, a significant delay in days from trauma leading to midface fracture until hospital admission and surgical treatment (ORIF) was revealed. Conclusions: Despite the limitations of a monocentric retrospective study, the current findings lead to the conclusion that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the patterns and circumstances leading to midface fractures. Analyzing the specific characteristics of patients suffering from midfacial fractures under the influence of the COVID-19 period can represent added value in order to treat facial fractures in future pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Distribution, ecology, and threats assessment of 11 endemic frankincense tree taxa (Boswellia) in the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen)
- Author
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Maděra, Petr, Vahalík, Petr, Hamdiah, Salem, Hušková, Karolína, Sekava, Jiří, Attorre, Fabio, La Montagna, Dario, De Sanctis, Michele, Netek, Rostislav, Bongers, Frans, Rivers, Malin, Šebesta, Jan, Amar, Mohammad, Keybani, Salem, Shanayeghen, Mohammad, and Van Damme, Kay
- Subjects
- *
CLIMATE extremes , *WORLD Heritage Sites , *ECOLOGICAL resilience , *ENDANGERED species , *REMOTE sensing , *CYCLONES - Abstract
Societal Impact Statement Summary Conserving frankincense trees (
Boswellia ) is crucial for both ecological and socio‐economic reasons. Surveying these trees in the field and using remote sensing unmanned aerial vehicles in the Socotra Archipelago, we found that Socotran frankincense trees are threatened by forest fragmentation, overgrazing, and increasingly frequent extreme climate events. A better understanding of the distribution and the threats of these important insular species will improve the conservation policy of the local authorities and benefit local communities in the Socotra Archipelago. At the same time, this work serves as a good practice example to guide conservation efforts for other culturally important threatened tree species around the world, therefore helping to sustain local livelihoods, fostering ecological resilience, and supporting socio‐economic stability. Globally, frankincense trees (Burseraceae:Boswellia ) are increasingly under threat because of habitat deterioration, climate impacts, and the olibanum trade. Despite harboring nearly half of the species in the genus, up‐to‐date insights are lacking for the insular endemic frankincense trees of the Socotra Archipelago UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) World Heritage Site (Yemen). We combined georeferencing of individual trees in the field with remote sensing applying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to evaluateBoswellia distribution and (sub)population sizes in the entire Socotra Archipelago. We counted 17,253 trees across all 11 taxa and we surveyed almost 55% directly in the field, collecting individual information on threats and health indicators. We estimate that the current total population sizes of the relatively common SocotranBoswellia taxa (Boswellia elongata ,Boswellia popoviana , andBoswellia ameero ) consist of a few thousand mature individuals with fragmented distribution of which a large proportion occurs in highly disjunct relictual stands, while the more range‐restricted species survive only through a few hundred (Boswellia nana andBoswellia samhaensis ) to fewer than a hundred trees (Boswellia scopulorum ). Our field data show that the Socotran frankincense trees are threatened by fragmentation and overgrazing resulting in a lack of natural regeneration, in combination with effects of extreme climate events (e.g., higher frequency and intensity of cyclones and prolonged drought) and potential future infrastructure developments; the species are less impacted by resin collection. We provide recommendations to strategize urgent protection of the declining Socotran frankincense trees, and we update their conservation status, resulting in an endangered status for seven and a critically endangered status for four taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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