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Background: SARS-CoV-2 disease is associated with a wide spectrum of cardiovascular, renal, and cognitive complications and effects. The most common cardiovascular findings are pericarditis, myocarditis and arrhythmias described in 5-11% of the general population. Specific information on cardiovascular outcomes in healthcare workers in Mexico is lacking. Objective: To determine the echocardiographic findings after SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Material and methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, and selective study was performed. A sample of 62 resident physicians with a diagnosis of COVID-19 was selected from March 2020 to February 2023. Transthoracic echocardiograms were performed, and the findings were described. Results: The main echocardiographic findings were: pericardial refractoriness (90.3%), pericardial effusion (6.5%), abnormal left ventricular mobility (1. 6%), abnormal diastolic function (8.1%), aortic regurgitation (6.5%), mitral regurgitation (19.4%), pulmonary regurgitation (35.5%), tricuspid regurgitation (80.6%), mean LVEF of 65% and PSAP of 23 mmHg. Conclusions: The most relevant echocardiographic findings were refractory pericardium, pericardial effusion, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, and valvular insufficiency, predominantly in men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the factors associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) in adults residing in a region of the Andes in Peru. Method: A case-control study was conducted on adults living at an altitude of more than 3000 meters in Peru. Cases consisted of patients diagnosed with LVDD through echocardiography, whereas controls were adults without LVDD, as confirmed by echocardiography. Results: A total of 50 cases and 100 controls were included in the study. Among them, 38.7% had high blood pressure, and 41.3% were overweight. Upon adjusted analysis, age 60 or older (aOR: 4.06; 95% CI: 1.29-12.8), female sex (aOR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.01-4.96) and left ventricular hypertrophy (aOR: 3.17; 95% CI: 1.41-7.17) were identified as statistically significant factors associated with LVDD. Conclusions: The risk of LVDD is associated with older adults, female gender, and left ventricular hypertrophy among individuals residing above 3000 meters altitude in a region of the Andes, in Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Medicas de La Habana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: el Síndrome Inflamatorio Multisistémico pediátrico (PIMS) asociado a Covid-19 está considerado como una complicación potencialmente mortal, post-COVID-19, que se caracteriza por un estado pro inflamatorio, con afectación a varios sistemas de órganos, de gravedad variable. La mayoría de la literatura publicada al respecto es de origen anglosajón, por lo que se hizo necesario investigar la literatura reportada en lengua hispana y lusófona, en América Latina. Metodos: Se desarrolló un estudio observacional, descriptivo. Se tomó como fuentes de información artículos científicos de investigaciones realizadas con la población pediátrica de países de habla hispana y lusófona, con diseño analítico, descriptivo, de series de casos. Se eliminaron revisiones sistemáticas, reportes de caso y artículos de pago. Se tomaron como resultados de interés las manifestaciones clínicas y de laboratorio; así como el tratamiento del PIMS. Resultados: Se incluyeron 15 investigaciones realizadas en países de América Latina.; con una población total de 305 pacientes en edad pediátrica con Síndrome Inflamatorio Multisistémico asociado a Covid 19 (PIMS). Manifestaciones clínicas: fiebre (80 % al 100 %), dolor abdominal (36%-100%), diarreas (39 %-100 %), vómitos (40%-100 %), exantema (47%-100 %), inyección conjuntival (27%-100%), shock (10%-100%), enfermedad Kawasaki-like (59%-100%), manifestaciones neurológicas (25%-60%), cardiovasculares: derrame pericárdico (17%-40%), disfunción ventricular (30%-50%). Manifestaciones analíticas: leucocitosis, linfopenia, trombocitopenia; incremento de reactantes de fase aguda (proteína C reactiva, procalcitonina, ferritina sérica), incremento de dímero D y fibrinógeno. Tratamiento general: tratamiento del choque, estabilizando hemodinámica, algoritmo ABC (A: manejo de la vía aérea; B: ventilación; C: circulación. Tratamiento específico: inmunoglobulinas intravenosas y/o corticoides; antibioticoterapia empírica, ácido acetil salicílico, a dosis antiinflamatoria o antiagregante, y heparinas de bajo peso molecular. Manejo de las complicaciones. Conclusiones: En los países de habla hispana y lusófona de América Latina, la presentación clínica, analítica y el manejo de los pacientes pediátricos con síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico asociado a Covid-19; no difieren de las descripciones en la literatura anglosajona.

Introduction: Among the different complications that arise in the immediate postoperative period, the low cardiac output presents higher associated morbidity and mortality, with an incidence of up to 45.0 %. Objective: To determine the factors related to the postoperative emergence of the low cardiac output in patients with cardiovascular surgical treatment and extracorporeal circulation, according to demographic, clinical and echocardiographic variables. Methods: An analytic, cases and controls investigation was carried out, which included patients that received heart surgical treatment in the Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Service of Saturnino Lora Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January to December, 2019. Each study group was conformed by 43 members, for which was considered the presence (cases) or not (controls) of the low cardiac output syndrome. Results: In the series there was a prevalence of the patients under 65 years in both study groups (51.2 and 73.5 % for cases and controls, respectively), as well as themale sex (60.9 %); in a same way, the emergency surgical intervention was the most frequent (80.2 %). The atrial fibrillation and the systolic function of the right ventricle presented high statistical significance (p <0.05). Conclusions: Some clinical and echocardiographic elements (age, atrial fibrillation, systolic function of the left and right ventricles, as well as emergency surgical intervention) were associated in an independent way with the emergence of the low cardiac output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hemodynamic assessment by Doppler echocardiography is essential in identifying systolic/diastolic changes as a predictor of outcomes in post-liver transplantation, from cardiovascular changes to graft dysfunction and mortality. Materials and methods: Retrospective cohort study. Patient with a liver transplant at the LaCardio hospital in Bogotá, Colombia, between January 2005 and July 2021. Analysis of sociodemographic variables, comorbidities, echocardiography, and intraoperative variables with primary outcomes such as early graft dysfunction, acute kidney injury (AKI), and mortality during follow-up. A classification and regression tree (CART) was performed. Results: 397 patients were analyzed; 54.4% were men, 71% had some degree of diastolic dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy (30.9%) with graft dysfunction in 8% and AKI in 21%, and a mortality of 15% during the study follow-up. In the CART model, mortality and graft dysfunction outcomes were related to a body mass index (BMI) < 19 or a combination of BMI between 19 and < 24 with dialysis. Conclusion: Echocardiographic variables, sarcopenia, AKI, or the requirement for renal replacement therapy are related to mortality and graft dysfunction outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: la valoración hemodinámica mediante ecocardiografía Doppler tiene importancia en la identificación de alteraciones sistólicas/diastólicas como predictor de desenlaces en el postrasplante hepático desde alteraciones cardiovasculares hasta disfunción del injerto y mortalidad. Métodos: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo. Paciente con trasplante hepático en el hospital LaCardio, en Bogotá, Colombia entre enero de 2005 y julio de 2021. Análisis de variables sociodemográficas, comorbilidades, ecocardiografía y variables intraoperatorias con desenlaces primarios como disfunción temprana del injerto, lesión renal aguda (LRA) y mortalidad durante el seguimiento. Se realizó un árbol de clasificación y regresión (CART). Resultados: se analizaron a 397 pacientes, el 54,4% eran hombres, y el 71% tenía algún grado de disfunción diastólica, hipertrofia ventricular izquierda (30,9%) con presencia de disfunción del injerto en el 8% y LRA en el 21%, y una mortalidad del 15% durante el seguimiento del estudio. En el modelo CART para desenlaces de mortalidad y disfunción del injerto se relacionó con la presencia de índice de masa corporal (IMC) < 19 o la combinación de IMC entre 19 y < 24 con diálisis. Conclusión: las variables ecocardiográficas, la sarcopenia y la LRA o requerimiento de terapia de reemplazo renal se relacionan con desenlaces de mortalidad y disfunción del injerto.

Introduction: Among the different complications that arise in the immediate postoperative period, the low cardiac output presents higher associated morbidity and mortality, with an incidence of up to 45.0 %. Objective: To determine the factors related to the postoperative emergence of the low cardiac output in patients with cardiovascular surgical treatment and extracorporeal circulation, according to demographic, clinical and echocardiographic variables. Methods: An analytic, cases and controls investigation was carried out, which included patients that received heart surgical treatment in the Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Service of Saturnino Lora Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January to December, 2019. Each study group was conformed by 43 members, for which was considered the presence (cases) or not (controls) of the low cardiac output syndrome. Results: In the series there was a prevalence of the patients under 65 years in both study groups (51.2 and 73.5 % for cases and controls, respectively), as well as the male sex (60.9 %); in a same way, the emergency surgical intervention was the most frequent (80.2 %). The atrial fibrillation and the systolic function of the right ventricle presented high statistical significance (p

Background: To determine the association between left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) in rural Andean patients living at 3000 msnme. Material and methods: observational, cross-sectional analytical study. PH and LVDD were defined and evaluated according to the guidelines of the American Society of Echocardiography 2016. To evaluate the association, the Poisson generalized linear model with robust estimation was used. A value of p < 0.05 is significantly estimated. Results: 528 people with echocardiographic reports were included, with a median age of 67 years (interquartile range: 19 and 98), 58.71% (310) were women. LVDD was found in 20.5% (108) of the cases. The frequency of PH was 29.5% (154), corresponding to a mild, moderate and severe degree in 76.0%; 14.3% and 9.7% respectively. Simple regression analysis reported that people with LVDD, obesity and E/e' ratio > 14 had a higher frequency of PH compared to those without LVDD. In the multiple regression, an association was found between LVDD (RPa= 0.17; 95% CI: 0.11-0.24; p = 0.000) and the E/e' index > 14 (RPa= 1.93; 95% CI: 1, 27-2.91, p = 0.002) in people with PH. Conclusions: LVDD and the E/e' index are frequently associated with idiopathic PH in Andean inhabitants of rural areas, suggesting that the presence of alterations in the relaxation and distensibility of the left ventricle is associated with PH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current knowledge about the COVID-19 pandemic is still limited, especially in the pediatric age group. So far, children are considered to be a minimally affected population; however, physicians from different parts of the world have recognized a new pediatric multi-systemic inflammatory syndrome, that provokes a multiple organ dysfunction, from which the heart is not exempted. The direct action of the virus on myocardial cells, as well as the cytokines storm -triggered by the infection-are responsible for the myocarditis developed in these patients. In this article a case with criteria of myocarditis associated with COVID-19 is described. Achieving an early diagnosis of myocarditis secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection in the current epidemiological context allows a correct and timely therapeutic approach, avoiding the torpid evolution and fatal outcome of this disease, as well as other long-term complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Argentina de Cardiología is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Cardiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfermería en Cardiologia is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Enfermeria en Cardiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Los avances en el manejo de la insuficiencia mitral (IM) funcional en las últimas décadas, hacen que el conocimiento de la misma sea de suma importancia para el cardiólogo clínico, al tener una prevalencia cada vez mayor en pacientes mayores de 50 años. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo dar a conocer de una manera integral las bases fisiopatológicas de la IM para diferenciar sus mecanismos, y correlacionarlos con los hallazgos clínicos, hemodinámicos y de imágenes que valoran la severidad de la enfermedad. Estos datos son relevantes para la adecuada selección del paciente y del momento oportuno de las intervenciones terapéuticas, lo cual involucra a un equipo multidisciplinario en la toma de decisiones para lograr el mayor beneficio dentro de las opciones de tratamiento de esta patología.

Background: Acute leukemias are the most frequent malignancies in children. Advances in treatment have improved the overall survival to 80%. Almost 10% of children with cancer develop clinical cardiac toxicity. Total anthracycline cumulative dose is a risk factor for early-onset cardiotoxicity. Objective: To describe the incidence of early-onset cardiotoxicity in children with acute leukemia treated with chemotherapy. Methods: A prospective descriptive study of patients >1 y and <18 years diagnosed with acute leukemia. Assessed with electrocardiogram, echocardiography, and blood biomarkers at diagnosis and during the follow-up. Results: 94 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 18 with acute myeloid leukemia were included. 20 patients (17.9%) developed early-onset cardiotoxicity. Statistically significant data was seen after anthracycline dose >150 mg/m2, between the first echocardiographic evaluation and posterior analyses in the left ventricular fraction ejection with Teicholz p 0.05, Simpson p 0.018 and GLS p 0.004. In this study, there was no relation between blood biomarkers and cardiotoxicity. Conclusions: Cancer therapeutic-related cardiac dysfunction is related to anthracycline cumulative dose. In this study, echocardiographic follow-up was useful to predict risk factors for early cardiac dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is an entity characterized by acute and transient ventricular dysfunction, which is usually related to a triggering event (emotional or physical stress), and usually presents with regional systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle, however up to 30% may be biventricular. Depending on its severity in some cases the disease can condition refractory cardiogenic shock to management with inotropics and vasopressors, so for these cases circulatory assistance devices should be considered. We present the case of a young patient who had pulmonary valve change with biological prosthesis, which seven weeks after surgery went to the emergency department with pericardial effusion and tamponade physiology secondary to postpericardiotomy syndrome. For this reason pericardial window was practiced, however during the procedure she presented biventricular Takotsubo cardiomyopathy which conditioned cardiogenic shock with severe mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, and refractivity to medical treatment as well as intraaortic balloon pump, requiring circulatory support with venoarterial ECMO for 5 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: Determinar las características de la hipertrofia ventricular izquierda (HVI) en hipertensos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo desarrollado en el Laboratorio de Ecocardiografía del Hospital Regional Docente Clínico Daniel Alcides Carrión de Huancayo, Perú. La muestra fue de 226 pacientes (determinada con fórmula) que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. El muestreo fue no probabilístico intencional. El diagnóstico de hipertrofia ventricular izquierda (HVI) se realizó con un estudio ecocardiográfico. Para el análisis estadístico se emplearon pruebas de Chi cuadrado, t de Student y odds ratio (IC al 95 %). Resultados: Se estudió a 226 (100,00 %) pacientes hipertensos. La edad promedio fue 67 años (rango entre 30 y 94). Como características sociodemográficas más significativas encontramos que 168 pacientes (74,33 %) tenían de 60 años a más y que 140 (61,95 %) eran mujeres. En el aspecto clínico, 96 participantes (42,47 %) tenían sobrepeso y 45 eran obesos (19,9 %). La HVI se encontró en el 73,89 % (167 pacientes). Todos presentaban una de las categorías de la enfermedad: 85 (37,61 %) tenía la clase severa; 43 (19,03 %), la forma moderada; y 39, el tipo leve (17,25 %). Según el patrón geométrico ventricular izquierdo, la hipertrofia concéntrica se encontró en 57,52 % (130) y la hipertrofia excéntrica, en 16,37 % (37). El 73,89 % (167 pacientes hipertensos) presentó disfunción diastólica del ventrículo izquierdo (DDVI). La HVI se asoció a una mayor frecuencia de DDVI en el 68,26 % (114), mientras que en los pacientes sin HVI solo se encontró en el 42,37 % (p < 0,001). Existe casi tres veces más riesgo de DDVI en pacientes hipertensos con HVI en comparación a los que no la presentan (OR=2,92; IC 95%: 1,58 -5,38). Conclusiones: En pacientes hipertensos, la HVI severa se presentó en un elevado porcentaje, más de la mitad presentaron patrón geométrico ventricular concéntrico y existe mayor riesgo de disfunción diastólica.

Introducción: La revascularización quirúrgica en pacientes con enfermedad coronaria y disfunción ventricular es clara en las guías clínicas. Cuando la disfunción es severa, los pacientes afrontan un riesgo quirúrgico elevado. Pretendemos conocer el beneficio obtenido a medio plazo por los pacientes revascularizados quirúrgicamente con disfunción severa. Métodos: Análisis retrospectivo y descriptivo de 34 pacientes con revascularización quirúrgica y disfunción ventricular

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Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and Aim: The most severe long-term complication of pulmonary embolism (PE) is chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), and its early diagnosis often requires numerous diagnostic tests. The InShape II study proposes an early screening algorithm that aims to reduce the number of echocardiographic studies. The objective of our study is to validate this algorithm in our patient cohort., Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients admitted to Hospital Rey Juan Carlos between November 2017 and February 2020, who were diagnosed with PE based on computed tomography angiography (CTA). Patients were followed for at least one year, and clinical, laboratory, and complementary test data were collected at three months and one year. The InShape II algorithm was applied to these patients to validate its results., Results: During the study period, 236 patients were diagnosed with PE, of which 137 were excluded. The algorithm was validated in 99 patients. Applying the InShape II score, 19 echocardiograms would have been performed (three of them with intermediate-high probability of CTEPH), while 80 echocardiograms would have been avoided (two of them with intermediate-high probability). This yielded a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 83% for the score, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.715 (95% CI: 0.472-0.958)., Conclusions: Our results support the notion that the InShape II algorithm could be a useful tool for initial screening of CTEPH in low-incidence settings, as it would avoid unnecessary echocardiograms that do not provide additional value., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI). All rights reserved.)

Copyright of Enfermería en Cardiologia is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Enfermeria en Cardiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To determine the frequency of left ventricular dysfunction (LVD ) in patients with electrical burn at the Pediatric Burn Unit (PBU) of the Health Services of the State of Puebla (HSSP) in the period from october 2013 to october 2014. Material and methods: A serie of eight patients from 6 to 16 years of age with electrical burns, in whom an echocardiogram was performed to identify the presence of LVD, according to the ejection fraction. Data were obtained from their clinical records, that were introduced in a database. Subsequently, Pearson's correlation analysis was performed with IBM SPSS. Results: From a sample of 8 patients, 37.5% had LVD. There was a negative correlation between the percentage of burned body surface and the presence of LVD : r = -0.93, p < 0.01. Conclusions: In patients with electrical injuries affecting more than 20% of the body surface, an intensive cardiac monitoring should be initiated in order to detect LVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FUNDAMENTO: A estimulação apical crônica do ventrículo direito pode ocasionar dessincronia ventricular e, secundariamente, alterações neuro-humorais e aumento da morbimortalidade cardíaca. OBJETIVO: Pesquisar dessincronia ventricular e seus efeitos sobre os níveis de BNP em pacientes com marca-passo estimulados cronicamente no ápice do ventrículo direito (VD). MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 85 pacientes com marca-passo uni ou bicameral, em classe funcional I e II da NYHA e fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) > 35%. A avaliação de dessincronia foi realizada utilizando-se várias técnicas ecocardiográficas, incluindo o Tissue Synchronization Imaging (TSI), com análise dos 12 segmentos. O BNP foi dosado junto com o ecocardiograma, porém com o examinador cego. RESULTADOS: Quarenta e seis mulheres e 39 homens, com idade de 58 ± 12 anos, chagásicos (56%) e hipertensos controlados (62%), foram incluídos. A fração de ejeção do VE foi 52 ± 8% e a duração média do QRS de 139 ms (120-180 ms). O BNP mostrou-se alterado em 36,5% da amostra (ponto de corte de 60 pg/ml). Na análise multivariada de regressão linear, o BNP correlacionou-se com a idade (p = 0,024), FEVE (p < 0,0001) e tempo pré-ejetivo do VE (p = 0,009), que é índice de dessincronia intraventricular. CONCLUSÃO: Em pacientes com estimulação cardíaca convencional, estáveis clinicamente, a dessincronia intraventricular foi um preditor independente do aumento dos níveis de BNP, após ajuste pela idade e FEVE.

FUNDAMENTO: O fator de diferenciação de crescimento-15 ou GDF-15, uma citocina de resposta ao estresse relacionada ao fator transformador de crescimento beta (TGF-ß), está elevado e independentemente relacionado à prognóstico adverso na insuficiência cardíaca sistólica. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo é investigar os níveis plasmáticos de GDF-15 em pacientes com disfunção diastólica pré-clínica ou insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção normal (ICFEN). MÉTODOS: Avaliamos 119 pacientes com fração de ejeção (FE) normal, encaminhados à angiografia coronariana eletiva, dos quais 75 (63%) tinham doença arterial coronariana (DAC). Os indivíduos foram classificados como tendo disfunção diastólica ventricular esquerda leve (DDVE grau I, n = 61), ICFEN (DDVE grau II ou III, n = 38) ou função diastólica normal (controles, n = 20). Em um subgrupo de 20 indivíduos, alterações no débito cardíaco (DC) foram medidas através de reinalação de gás inerte (Innocor®) em resposta a um teste hemodinâmico ortostático. RESULTADOS: Os níveis de GDF-15 na ICFEN [mediana 1,08, variação interquartil (0,88-1,30) ng/ml] eram significantemente mais altos do que nos controles [0,60 (0,50-0,71) ng/ml, p = 0,003] e em pacientes com DDVE grau I [0,78 (0,62-1,04) ng/ml, p < 0.001]. Além disso, os níveis de GDF-15 estavam significantemente elevados em pacientes com DDVE grau I, em comparação aos controles (p = 0,003). Adicionalmente, GDF-15 estava correlacionado com os marcadores ecocardiográficos de disfunção diastólica e estava correlacionado com a magnitude da resposta do CO à alteração na posição do corpo de ereta para supina (r = -0,67, p = 0,005). CONCLUSÃO: Os níveis de GDF-15 estão elevados em indivíduos com ICFEN e podem diferenciar função diastólica normal de DDVE. Além disso, os níveis de GDF-15 estão associados com uma redução na resposta do DC no teste hemodinâmico ortostático.FUNDAMENTO: El factor de diferenciación de crecimiento-15 o GDF-15, una citocina de respuesta al estrés relacionada con el factor transformador de crecimiento beta (TGF-ß), es elevado y está independientemente relacionado con el pronóstico adverso en la insuficiencia cardíaca sistólica. OBJETIVO: El objetivo del presente estudio es investigar los niveles plasmáticos de GDF-15 en pacientes con disfunción diastólica preclínica o insuficiencia cardíaca con fracción de eyección normal (ICFEN). MÉTODOS: Evaluamos a 119 pacientes con fracción de eyección (FE) normal, derivados a angiografía coronaria electiva, de los cuales 75 (63%), tenían enfermedad arterial coronaria (EAC). Los individuos fueron clasificados como teniendo una disfunción diastólica ventricular izquierda leve (DDVI grado I, n = 61), ICFEN (DDVI grado II o III, n = 38), o función diastólica normal (controles, n = 20). En un subgrupo de 20 individuos, las alteraciones en el débito cardíaco (DC), se midieron a través de una nueva inhalación de gas inerte (Innocor®) en respuesta a un test hemodinámico ortostático. RESULTADOS: Los niveles de GDF-15 en la ICFEN [mediana 1,08, variación intercuartil (0,88-1,30) ng/ml], eran significantemente más altos que en los controles [0,60 (0,50-0,71) ng/ml, p = 0,003] y en los pacientes con DDVI grado I [0,78 (0,62-1,04) ng/ml, p < 0,001]. Además, los niveles de GDF-15 estaban significantemente elevados en los pacientes con DDVI grado I, en comparación con los controles (p = 0,003). Por añadidura, el GDF-15 estaba correlacionado con los marcadores ecocardiográficos de disfunción diastólica y con la magnitud de la respuesta del DC a la alteración en la posición del cuerpo variando de la posición erecta a la posición supina (r = -0,67, p = 0,005). CONCLUSIÓN: Los niveles de GDF-15 están elevados en individuos con ICFEN y pueden diferenciar una función diastólica normal de DDVI. Además, los niveles de GDF-15 están asociados con una reducción en la respuesta del DC en el test hemodinámico ortostático.BACKGROUND: Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a stress-responsive transforming growth factor-ß-related cytokine, is elevated and independently related to an adverse prognosis in systolic heart failure. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate plasma levels of GDF-15 in patients with preclinical diastolic dysfunction or heart failure with normal ejection fraction (HFnEF). METHODS: We evaluated 119 patients with normal ejection fraction referred for an elective coronary angiography, 75 (63%) of whom had coronary artery disease. Subjects were classified as having either mild left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD grade I, n = 61), HFnEF (LVDD grade II or III, n = 38) or normal diastolic function (controls, n = 20). In a subgroup of 20 subjects, changes in cardiac output (CO) were measured by inert gas rebreathing (InnocorTM) in response to an orthostatic hemodynamic test. RESULTS: Growth differentiation factor-15 levels in HFnEF [median 1.08, interquartile range (0.88-1.30) ng/ml] were significantly higher than in controls [0.60 (0.50-0.71) ng/ml, p = 0.003] and in patients with LVDD grade I [0.78 (0.62-1.04) ng/ml, p < 0.001]. In addition, GDF-15 was significantly elevated in patients with LVDD grade I compared to controls (p = 0.003). Furthermore, GDF-15 was correlated with echocardiographic markers of diastolic dysfunction and was correlated with the magnitude of CO response to the change in body position from standing to supine (r = -0.67, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Growth differentiation factor-15 levels are elevated in subjects with HFnEF and can differentiate normal diastolic function from asymptomatic LVDD. In addition, GDF-15 is associated with a reduced cardiac output response in the orthostatic hemodynamic test.

Introducción: el síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria fetal es una condición caracterizada por reacción inflamatoria sistémica acompañada de alteraciones bioquímicas como la elevación de la interleucina 6 (IL-6). Se describió por primera vez hace una década y surgió como la necesidad de entender el comportamiento fetal en muchas situaciones clínicas conocidas. El propósito de esta revisión es brindar al lector las bases que le permitan conocer la entidad y de esta manera mejorar el oportuno diagnóstico. Metodología: se realizó una revisión de la literatura existente de acuerdo a las bases de datos MEDLINE vía PubMed, EBSCO, Ovid y ProQuest desde el año 2000 hasta el 2009. Se incluyeron artículos de revisión e investigaciones originales. Resultados: los fetos con ruptura prematura de membranas presentan alteraciones en el llenado pasivo ventricular (E) y la contracción auricular (A). Esta relación es valorable clínicamente mediante la fórmula E/A, además de la evaluación del índice de rendimiento miocárdico, la cual es aplicable en ambos ventrículos. Los cambios en las características morfológicas de las ondas a la evaluación Doppler en fetos con ruptura prematura de membranas sugieren alta distensibilidad del ventrículo izquierdo, especialmente en fetos con infección intraamniótica. Es posible que fetos incapaces de lograr el cambio de distensibilidad cardíaca no logren mantener el volumen latido y por lo tanto no alcancen una adecuada perfusión cerebral, creándose el microambiente ideal para el desarrollo de alteraciones en el sistema nervioso central. Conclusión: la infección e invasión microbiana de la cavidad amniótica están asociadas a cambios en la función cardiovascular fetal consistentes principalmente en un aumento de la distensibilidad ventricular.Introduction: fetal inflammatory response is a condition which is characterized by systemic inflammatory reaction accompanied by biochemical alterations such as raised interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels. It was first described over a decade ago and emerged from the need to understand fetal behavior in many known clinical situations. The purpose of this review was to provide the reader with the basis for understanding the entity and thus improve early diagnosis. Materials and methods: a review of the pertinent literature from 2000 to 2009 was made by searching MEDLINE databases via PubMed, EBSCO, Ovid and ProQuest. Review articles and original research were included. Results: fetuses having premature rupture of membranes (PROM) present alterations in passive ventricular filling (E) and atrial contraction (A). Such relationship is clinically evaluated by using the E/A formula and the myocardial performance index which is applicable in both ventricles. Changes in morphological characteristics regarding waves in Doppler evaluation in fetuses suffering PROM suggest high distensibility of the left ventricle, especially in fetuses exposed to intraamniotic infection. Fetuses which do not manage to change cardiac distensibility may not maintain stroke volume and thus may not achieve suitable cerebral perfusion, thereby creating an ideal microenvironment for alterations to develop in the central nervous system. Conclusion: microbial infection and invasion of the amniotic cavity are associated with changes in fetal cardiovascular function, this being mainly consistent with increased ventricular distensibility.

FUNDAMENTO: O aumento da pressão de capilar pulmonar (PCP) é um dos mecanismos de intolerância ao exercício. A avaliação da função diastólica pelo ecocardiograma (ECO) é capaz de estimar a PCP. OBJETIVO: Identificar variáveis determinantes da capacidade de exercício em paciente submetidos a teste ergométrico (TE) de rotina, ECO convencional e doppler tecidual (DT). MÉTODOS: Foram estudados, retrospectivamente, 640 pacientes submetidos a TE e ao ECO e DT. Pacientes com fração de ejeção < 55% foram excluídos. As velocidades de Doppler mitral convencional foram obtidas em diástole precoce (E) e diástole tardia (A), e o DT do anel mitral mediu as velocidades de diástole precoce (e’) e diástole tardia (a’). E/e’ > 10 foi considerada uma estimativa de aumento da PCP. A capacidade máxima de esforço foi avaliada pelo número de equivalentes metabólicos (MET). Para análise, os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: MET < 7 (n = 48) e MET > 7 (n = 572). O escore de Morise demonstrou uma população de baixo risco (60%) para doença coronária (DAC). RESULTADOS: O número de pacientes com E/e’ > 10 foi significativamente maior no grupo MET < 7 em relação a MET > 7(41,7% vs 9,4%, p = 0,001), bem como a presença de algum grau de disfunção diastólica (76,6% vs 34,1% p = 0,001). Pela análise de regressão logística, as variáveis independentes de baixa capacidade de exercício (MET < 7) foram a idade, o sexo feminino e a velocidade de A (diástole tardia). CONCLUSÃO: A disfunção diastólica determinada pelo ECO, sexo feminino e idade estão associados com a menor capacidade de exercício em uma população de baixo risco de DAC.FUNDAMENTO: El aumento de la presión de capilar pulmonar (PCP) es uno de los mecanismos de intolerancia al ejercicio. La evaluación de la función diastólica por el ecocardiograma (ECO) es capaz de estimar la PCP. OBJETIVO: Identificar variables determinantes de la capacidad de ejercicio en paciente sometido a test ergométrico (TE) de rutina, ECO convencional y doppler tisular (DT). MÉTODOS: Fueron estudiados, retrospectivamente, 640 pacientes sometidos a TE y al ECO y DT. Pacientes con fracción de eyección < 55% fueron excluidos. Las velocidades de Doppler mitral convencional fueron obtenidas en diástole precoz (E) y diástole tardía (A), y el DT del anillo mitral midió las velocidades de diástole precoz (e') y diástole tardía (a'). E/e' > 10 fue considerada una estimativa de aumento de la PCP. La capacidad máxima de esfuerzo fue evaluada por el número de equivalentes metabólicos (MET). Para análisis, los pacientes fueron divididos en dos grupos: MET < 7 (n = 48) y MET > 7 (n = 572). El escore de Morise demostró una población de bajo riesgo (60%) para enfermedad coronaria (EAC). RESULTADOS: EL número de pacientes con E/e' > 10 fue significativamente mayor en el grupo MET < 7 en relación a MET > 7(41,7% vs 9,4%, p = 0,001), así como la presencia de algún grado de disfunción diastólica (76,6% vs 34,1% p = 0,001). Por el análisis de regresión logística, las variables independientes de baja capacidad de ejercicio (MET < 7) fueron la edad, el sexo femenino y la velocidad de A (diástole tardía). CONCLUSIONES: La disfunción diastólica determinada por el ECO, sexo femenino y edad están asociados con la menor capacidad de ejercicio en una población de bajo riesgo de EAC.BACKGROUND: Increased pulmonary capillary pressure (PCP) is one of the mechanisms of exercise intolerance. Assessment of the diastolic function by echocardiography (ECHO) enables estimation of PCP. OBJECTIVE: To identify variables that determine the exercise capacity in patients undergoing routine exercise test (ET), conventional ECHO, and tissue Doppler imaging (TD). METHODS: A total of 640 patients undergoing ET, ECHO, and TD were retrospectively studied. Patients with ejection fraction < 55% were excluded. Mitral annulus velocities by conventional Doppler imaging were obtained in early diastole (E) and late diastole (A), and TD of the mitral annulus measured early diastole (e’) and late diastole (a’) velocities. E/e’ > 10 was considered an estimate of increased PCP. Maximal exercise capacity was analyzed by the number of metabolic equivalents (MET). The patients were divided into two groups for analysis: MET7 (n=572). Morise score showed a population at low risk (60%) for coronary artery disease (CAD). RESULTS: The number of patients with E/e’ > 10 was significantly higher in the MET < 7 group in relation to the MET > 7 group (41.7% vs 9.4%, p=0.001), and so was the presence of any degree of diastolic dysfunction (76.6% vs 34.1% p=0.001). Using logistic regression analysis, age, female gender and A velocity (late diastole) were the independent variables related to a low exercise capacity (MET < 7). CONCLUSION: Diastolic dysfunction as determined by ECHO, female gender, and age are associated with a lower exercise capacity in a population at low risk for CAD.

FUNDAMENTO: O choque cardiogênico e o edema agudo de pulmão são as principais causas de óbito em pacientes com escorpionismo, cujo mecanismo fisiopatológico ainda é controverso. OBJETIVOS: Investigar a correlação entre os distúrbios da perfusão miocárdica e a função contrátil do ventrículo esquerdo, em vítimas de escorpionismo. MÉTODOS: Quinze pacientes submeteram-se à cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica sincronizada com ECG (Gated SPECT), dentro de 72 horas e 15 dias após o acidente escorpiônico. As imagens foram analisadas visualmente por escore semiquantitativo de perfusão (0 = normal, 4 = ausente) e mobilidade (0 = normal, 4 = acinético), utilizando modelo de 17 segmentos. Para cada paciente foram calculados escores somados de perfusão (ESP) e mobilidade (ESM). A fração de ejeção (FEVE) foi calculada por software comercialmente disponível. RESULTADOS: Na avaliação inicial, 12 dos 15 pacientes apresentaram alterações da contratilidade e da perfusão miocárdica. O ESP foi de 12,5 ± 7,3, o ESM de 17,0 ± 12, 8 e a FEVE de 44,6 ± 16,0%. Houve correlação positiva entre o ESP e o ESM (r = 0,68; p = 0,005) e negativa entre o ESP e a FEVE (r = -0,75; p = 0,0021). Os estudos de seguimento mostraram recuperação da contratilidade global (FEVE de 68,9 ± 9,5, p = 0,0002), segmentar (ESM 2,6 ± 3,1, p = 0,0009) e da perfusão (ESP 3,7 ± 3,3, p = 0,0003). A melhora da FEVE correlacionou-se positivamente com a melhora do ESP (r = 0,72; p = 0,0035). CONCLUSÕES: Alterações perfusionais miocárdicas são comuns no envenenamento escorpiônico e correlacionam-se topograficamente com a disfunção contrátil. A recuperação da contratilidade correlaciona-se com a reversibilidade dos defeitos perfusionais. Estes achados sugerem a participação de alterações perfusionais miocárdicas na fisiopatologia desta forma de insuficiência ventricular aguda. (Arq Bras Cardiol 2010;94(4): 444-451)FUNDAMENTO: El shock cardiogénico y el edema agudo de pulmón son las principales causas de óbito en pacientes con escorpionismo, cuyo mecanismo fisiopatológico es todavía controvertido. OBJETIVO: Investigar la correlación entre los disturbios de la perfusión miocárdica y la función contráctil del ventrículo izquierdo, en victimas de escorpionismo. MÉTODOS: Quince pacientes fueron sometidos a centellografía de perfusión miocárdica sincronizada con ECG (Gated SPECT), dentro de 72 horas y 15 días tras el accidente con escorpión. Las imágenes se analizaron visualmente por score semicuantitativo de perfusión (0 = normal, 4 = ausente) y movilidad (0 = normal, 4 = acinético), utilizando modelo de 17 segmentos. Para cada paciente se calcularon scores sumados de perfusión (ESP) y movilidad (ESM). La fracción de eyección (FEVI) se calculó por software comercialmente disponible. RESULTADOS: En la evaluación inicial, 12 de los 15 pacientes presentaron alteraciones de la contractilidad y de la perfusión miocárdica. El ESP fue de 12,5 ± 7,3, el ESM de 17,0 ± 12, 8 y la FEVI de 44,6 ± 16,0%. Hubo correlación positiva entre el ESP y el ESM (r = 0,68; p = 0,005) y negativa entre el ESP y la FEVI (r = -0,75; p = 0,0021). Los estudios de seguimiento expresaron recuperación de la contractilidad global (FEVI de 68,9 ± 9,5, p = 0,0002), segmentar (ESM 2,6 ± 3,1, p = 0,0009) y de la perfusión (ESP 3,7 ± 3,3, p = 0,0003). La mejora de la FEVI se correlacionó positivamente con la mejora del ESP (r = 0,72; p = 0,0035). CONCLUSIÓN: Alteraciones perfusionales miocárdicas son comunes en el envenenamiento por escorpión y se correlacionan topográficamente con la disfunción contráctil. La recuperación de la contractilidad se correlaciona con la reversibilidad de los defectos perfusionales. Estos hallazgos sugieren la participación de alteraciones perfusionales miocárdicas en la fisiopatología de esta forma de insuficiencia ventricular aguda.BACKGROUND: Cardiogenic shock and acute pulmonary edema are the major causes of death of patients with scorpion envenomation, whose pathophysiological mechanism remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between myocardial perfusion abnormalities and left ventricular contractile function in victims of scorpion envenomation. METHODS: Fifteen patients underwent ECG-gated myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (gated SPECT) within 72 hours of, and 15 days after scorpion envenomation. Images were analyzed by means of a semi-quantitative visual perfusion score (0 = normal, 4 = absent) and motion score (0 = normal, 4 = akinesia), using the 17-segment model. Summed perfusion (SPS) and summed motion (SMS) scores were calculated for each patient. Ejection fraction (LVEF) was calculated by a commercially available software. RESULTS: At baseline, 12 out of the 15 patients presented abnormal myocardial perfusion and contractility. Mean values of SPS, SMS and LVEF were 12.5 ± 7.3, 17.0 ± 12.8, and 44.6 ± 16.0%, respectively. A positive correlation between SPS and SMS (r = 0.68; p = 0.005) and negative correlation between SPS and LVEF (r = -0.75; p = 0.0021) were found. The follow-up studies showed recovery of global contractility (LVEF of 68.9 ± 9.5, p = 0.0002), segmental contractility (SMS of 2.6 ± 3.1, p = 0.0009) and perfusion (SPS of 3.7 ± 3.3, p = 0.0003). Improvement of LVEF correlated positively with improvement of SPS (r = 0.72; p = 0.0035). CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial perfusion abnormalities are common in scorpion envenomation and correlate topographically with the contractile dysfunction. Recovery of contractility correlates with reversibility of perfusion defects. These findings suggest the participation of myocardial perfusion abnormalities in the pathophysiology of this form of acute ventricular failure. (Arq Bras Cardiol 2010;94(4): 418-425)

FUNDAMENTO: A estenose aórtica supravalvar (EAo) é utilizada para o estudo da remodelação cardíaca (RC) por sobrecarga pressórica. Nesse modelo, não estão claramente estabelecidos o comportamento da RC desde a fase inicial, nem os melhores parâmetros para a identificação da disfunção ventricular. OBJETIVOS: 1) Caracterizar, precoce e evolutivamente, as modificações morfofuncionais durante a RC em ratos com EAo e 2) identificar o índice mais sensível para detecção do momento do aparecimento da disfunção diastólica e sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo (VE). MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar foram divididos em dois grupos - controle (GC, n=13) e EAo (GEAo, n=24) - e estudados nas 3ª, 6ª, 12ª e 18ª semanas pós-cirurgia. Os corações foram analisados por meio de ecocardiograma (ECO). RESULTADOS: Ao final do experimento, as relações do VE, do ventrículo direito e dos átrios com o peso corporal final foram aumentadas no GEAo. O ECO mostrou que o átrio esquerdo sofreu uma remodelação significativa a partir da 6ª semana. No GEAo, a porcentagem de encurtamento endocárdico apresentou queda significativa a partir da 12ª semana e a porcentagem de encurtamento mesocárdico, na 18ª semana. A relação onda E e onda A (E/A) foi superior no GC em comparação ao GEAo em todos os momentos analisados. CONCLUSÕES: O ventrículo esquerdo dos ratos com EAo, durante o processo de remodelação, apresentou hipertrofia concêntrica, disfunção diastólica precoce e melhoria da função sistólica, com posterior deterioração do desempenho. Além disso, constatou-se que os índices ecocardiográficos mais sensíveis para a detecção da disfunção diastólica e sistólica são, respectivamente, a relação E/A e a porcentagem de encurtamento endocárdico.FUNDAMENTO: La estenosis aórtica supravalvular (EAo) se utiliza para el estudio de la remodelación cardiaca (RC) por sobrecarga de presión. En este modelo, no están claramente establecidos el comportamiento del RC desde la fase inicial, ni los mejores parámetros para la identificación de la disfunción ventricular. OBJETIVO: 1) Caracterizar, precoz y evolutivamente, las modificaciones morfofuncionales durante el RC en ratones con EAo, y 2) identificar el índice más sensible para detección del momento de la aparición de la disfunción diastólica y sistólica del ventrículo izquierdo (VI). MÉTODOS: Ratones Wistar se dividieron en dos grupos - control (GC, n=13) y EAo (GEAo, n=24) - y estudiados en las 3ª, 6ª, 12ª y 18ª semanas post cirugía. Los corazones se analizaron por medio de ecocardiograma (ECO). RESULTADOS: Al final del experimento, las relaciones del VI, del ventrículo derecho y de los atrios con el peso corporal final fueron aumentadas en el GEAo. El ECO mostró que el atrio izquierdo sufrió una remodelación significativa a partir de la 6ª semana. En el GEAo, el porcentaje de acortamiento endocárdico presentó disminución significativa a partir de la 12ª semana y el porcentaje de acortamiento mesocárdico, en la 18ª semana. La relación onda E y onda A (E/A) fue superior en el GC en comparación al GEAo en todos los momentos analizados. CONCLUSIÓN: El ventrículo izquierdo de los ratones con EAo, durante el proceso de remodelación, presentó hipertrofia concéntrica, disfunción diastólica precoz y mejora de la función sistólica, con posterior deterioro del desempeño. Además de ello, se constató que los índices ecocardiográficos más sensibles para la detección de la disfunción diastólica y sistólica son, respectivamente, la relación E/A y el porcentaje de acortamiento endocárdico.BACKGROUND: Supravalvar aortic stenosis (SVAS) is used to study overload-induced cardiac remodeling (CR). In this model, neither CR behavior since beginning stage nor the best parameters to identify ventricular dysfunction are clearly stated. Objective: 1) Characterizing, early and evolutively, morphological and functional modifications during CR in rats with SVAS and 2) identifying the most sensitive index for detecting the moment when the diastolic and systolic dysfunction first appeared in the left ventricle (LV). METHODS: Wistar Rats were divided into two groups - control (CG, n=13) and SVAS (SVASG, n=24) - and studied in post-surgical 3rd, 6th, 12th and 18th weeks. Hearts were analyzed by means of an echocardiogram (ECHO). RESULTS: By the end of the experiment, ratios between the LV, right ventricle and atria and the final body weight were increased in the SVASG. The ECHO showed that the left atrium underwent significant remodeling from the 6th on. The percent of endocardial shortening underwent significant drop as of the 12nd week and the percent of, as of the 18th week, in the SVASG. The ratio between E- wave and A-wave (E/A) was higher in CG compared to the SVASG in all events analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: During the remodeling process, the left ventricle of rats with SVAS presented concentric hypertrophy, early diastolic dysfunction and improvement of systolic function, with posterior performance deterioration. Besides this, the study found out the most sensitive echocardiographic indexes for detecting systolic and diastolic dysfunction are, respectively, the ratio E/A and the percent of endocardial shortening.

FUNDAMENTO: A estimulação de ventrículo direito pode ser deletéria em pacientes com disfunção ventricular, entretanto há poucas evidências sobre o impacto dessa estimulação em pacientes com função normal. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a evolução clínica e laboratorial de pacientes com função ventricular normal submetidos a implante de marcapasso cardíaco artificial. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados de forma prospectiva 16 pacientes com os seguintes critérios de inclusão: função ventricular normal definida pelo ecocardiograma e presença de estimulação ventricular superior 90% (avaliação por telemetria do gerador). Parâmetros analisados: classe funcional (CF), teste de caminhada, dosagem de BNP, ecocardiograma (convencional e parâmetros de dessincronia intraventricular e teste de qualidade de vida (SF36). Essas medidas fora feitas com 10 dias(d) (t1), 120d(t2) e 240 d(t3). Os dados foram comparados ao longo do tempo segundo método ANOVA. Comparações múltiplas de médias foram efetuadas utilizando-se o método de Tukey. RESULTADOS: Dos dados avaliados os seguintes não apresentaram variação estatística significante (p>0,05): classe funcional, dosagem de BNP, parâmetros ecocardiográficos convencionais, dessincronia intraventricular (Doppler tecidual). Apresentaram piora (pFUNDAMENTO: La estimulación del ventrículo derecho puede ser dañosa a pacientes con disfunción ventricular. Sin embargo, hay pocas evidencias sobre el impacto de esa estimulación en pacientes con función normal. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la evolución clínica y laboratorial de pacientes con función ventricular normal sometidos a implante de marcapaso cardíaco artificial. MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron de forma prospectiva a 16 pacientes con los siguientes criterios de inclusión: función ventricular normal definida por el ecocardiograma y presencia de estimulación ventricular superior a 90% (evaluación por telemetría del generador). Parámetros analizados: clase funcional (CF), test de marcha, dosificación de BNP, ecocardiograma (convencional y parámetros de desincronía intraventricular y prueba de calidad de vida (SF36). Esas mediciones se hicieron con 10 días(d) (t1), 120d(t2) y 240 d(t3). Los datos se compararon a lo largo del tiempo según el método ANOVA. Comparaciones múltiples de promedios se efectuaron utilizándose el método de Tukey. RESULTADOS: Desde los datos evaluados, los siguientes no presentaron variación estadística significante (p>0,05): clase funcional, dosificación de BNP, parámetros ecocardiográficos convencionales, desincronía intraventricular (Doppler tisular). Presentaron empeoramiento (pBACKGROUND: The stimulation of the right ventricle (RV) may be deleterious in patients with ventricular dysfunction; however there is little evidence about the impact of this stimulation in patients with normal ventricular function. OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical and laboratory evolution of patients with normal ventricular function submitted to implant of artificial cardiac pacemaker (PM). METHODS: 16 patients enrolled according to the following inclusion criteria: normal ventricular function defined by echocardiogram and presence of upper ventricular stimulation > 90% (generator telemetry assessment) submitted to a PM implant were prospectively studied. The following parameters were assessed: Functional Class (FC), walk test, BNP levels, echocardiography evaluation (conventional and intraventricular dyssynchrony) and quality of life test (SF36). The patients were assessed after 10 (t1), 120 (t2) and 240 days (t3). Data was compared throughout time according to ANOVA. Multiple comparisons of means were performed through Tukey's test. RESULTS: Among the assessed data, the following did not present significant statistic variation (p> 0.05): functional class, BNP levels, conventional echocardiographic parameters, intraventricular dyssynchrony (tissue Doppler). The walk test (between t2 and t3) and the time between septal contraction and LV posterior wall showed worsening (p

La disfunción ventricular después de circulación extracorpórea causa síndrome de bajo gasto cardiaco en el posoperatorio (prevalencia de 10%). Levosimendan es un medicamento para mejorar la disfunción ventricular refractaria. Objetivo: describir la evolución de la función ventricular en adultos después de cirugía cardiaca manejados con levosimendan por disfunción ventricular refractaria en el Hospital de Santa Clara de Bogotá DC, entre octubre 2011 y septiembre de 2012. Métodos: se reportan las características clínicas y la evolución ecocardiográfica de la fracción de eyección (FEVI) con control a las 24 horas y a la semana del posoperatorio. Resultados: se evaluaron 13 pacientes con edad media de 59 años (DE; 10), rango de 39 a 78 años, nueve fueron hombres, dos presentaban diabetes mellitus. La fracción mediana de eyección ventricular izquierda prequirúrgica fue de 50% (RIQ 30%-60%). Como respuesta a la administración de levosimendan la mediana de la FEVI a las 24 horas fue 20% (RIQ 20% - 25%) y 35% a la semana (RIQ 35% - 40%). Dos pacientes fallecieron. Conclusiones: la utilización del levosimendan en pacientes con disfunción ventricular izquierda refractaria contribuye a la mejoría de la fracción de eyección.

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Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The anthracyclines have been the cornerstone of various chemotherapeutic schemes for hematological malignancies and solid tumors however the cardiotoxicity produced is a limitation for use. Damage mechanisms ranging from inhibition of DNA replication, RNA transcription, generating free radicals which damage DNA and lipid peroxidation inhibition of topoisomerases. The cumulative dose is one of the major risk factors, among others such as age, presence of other cardiovascular diseases and concomitant use of other agents. Because the prognosis of patients, have sought diagnostics and prediction of cardiotoxicity such as biomarkers like a troponin I and BNP; and imaging studies such as echocardiography, MRI and nuclear medicine. Another point of interest in the issue are the preventive measures, as has been the use of pegylated forms, the use of dexrazoxane and use of ACE inhibitors and beta blockers, each one targeting to different pathophysiological mechanism. Efforts are directed to the nearby monitoring of patients with non-invasive imaging studies for early detection of patients, to establish those unable to continue therapy for high risk of developing left ventricular dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La decisión de someter a cambio valvular a un paciente con disfunción ventricular moderada a severa, es motivo de controversia debido a las complicaciones y los malos resultados a corto y largo plazo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los resultados quirúrgicos en los pacientes con baja fracción de eyección pre-quirúrgica sometidos a cambio valvular mitral aórtico o mitro-aórtico. En este tipo de pacientes se puede obtener una aceptable sobrevida libre de sintomas. La clase funcional IV de la New York Heart Association incrementa la mortalidad temprana y tardía. La marcada reducción de la fracción de eyección preoperatoria, no debe considerse como una contraindicación para cambio valvular.The decision to submit patients with moderate to severe ventricular dysfunction to valvular replacements is subject to controversy because complications and the adverse outcomes in short and long-term. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes in mitral or aortic valve replacements or combined aortic and mitral valve replacements in patients with preoperative low left ventricular ejection fraction. Good symptomatic relief and acceptable overall survival can be obtained in patients with systolic dysfunction and valvular disease. Preoperative NYHA class IV increases early and late mortality. A marked ejection fraction reduction should not be considered a contraindication for valvular replacement.

La estimulación multisitio constituye una alternativa terapéutica para pacientes con disfunción ventricular severa. Esta técnica fue utilizada en 6 pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca refractaria, clase funcional III-IV y bloqueo de rama izquierda, para evaluar su eficacia. Se programaron intervalos PR variables para estimulación: Biventricular: entre el seno coronario o el ventrículo izquierdo y la punta del ventrículo derecho; y Bifocal: entre el tracto de salida y la punta del ventrículo derecho. Se realizó una ventriculografía nuclear en estado basal, a los 7 días y a los 6 meses posimplantación, para medir las fracciones de eyección, el sincronismo ventricular y el índice de regurgitación mitral. Durante el seguimiento, 2 pacientes hicieron insuficiencia cardíaca refractaria y uno de ellos falleció (estimulación bifocal). La mejoría de la fracción de eyección y de la capacidad funcional fueron evidentes con la estimulación biventricular. Esta técnica resultó eficaz en el tratamiento de la disfunción ventricular severa.The multisite pacing is a therapeutic alternative for patients with severe ventricular dysfunction. This technique was used in 6 patients with functional class III-IV refractory heart failure and left bundle branch block to evaluate its efficiency. Variable PR intervals were programmed for biventricular pacing between the output tract and the apex of the right ventricle. A nuclear ventriculography in basal state was performed on the 7th day and on the 6th month after the implantation to measure the ejection fractions, the ventricular synchronism and the mitral regurgitation index. During the follow-up, 2 patients had refractory heart failure and one of them died (bifocal pacing). The improvement of the ejection fraction and of the functional capacity were evident with the biventricular pacing. This technique proved to be efficient in the treatment of severe ventricular dysfunction.

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