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Each year in Taiwan, hantaviruses cause 0-4 human Cases of hemorrgagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) (1). Rattus norvegicus rats are a notable local reservoir host for Seoul virus (SEOV), [...]

Influenza D virus (IDV) was initially isolated in 2011 from a pig with influenza-like symptoms (1). IDV has been identified globally in various species, including humans, without respiratory disease association [...]

In recent years, clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses have exhibited substantial host expansion, geographic spread, and reassortment with other circulating influenza A viruses (IAVs) in birds, resulting [...]

Mitigating the incidence of Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs), particularly those acquired in healthcare settings, has received increased attention because of the notable prevalence of this contagion (2,2). Although the incidence [...]

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is endemic in dromedary camels from the Arabian Peninsula and Africa; seroprevalence is >75% (1-3). Zoonotic transmission to humans has occurred sporadically, mainly on [...]

Autopsies afford simultaneous access to all tissues and body compartments. The unique opportunity for extensive sampling during autopsy enables several research questions to be addressed. Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, [...]

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquitoborne alphavirus that has caused >10 million cases in >125 countries and territories in the past 2 decades. Chikungunya disease is characterized by acute and [...]

Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a major cause of illness and death worldwide (1). In disease-hyperendemic areas, most of the population are parasitemic (2). Chronic exposure results in partial immunity, and [...]

Sporotrichosis, an implantation mycosis caused by fungi in the genus Sporothrix, affects humans and other mammals. Although cat-transmitted sporotrichosis caused by the highly transmissible Sporothrix brasiliensis species is an increasing [...]

Influenza D virus (IDV) was first identified from swine exhibiting influenza-like symptoms in 2011 in the United States (1). IDV RNA or antibodies have been detected worldwide in several animal [...]

Orthohantaviruses (family Hantaviridae, genus Orthohantavirus) are a group of zoonotic viruses primarily found in muroid rodents; many of the viruses are pathogenic in humans (1). Pathogenic orthohantaviruses in the Americas [...]

Relaxation of China's zero-COVID policy in December 2022 led the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control to recommend several nonpharmaceutical interventions to curb COVID-19 spread and monitor any emerging [...]

The spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae, which are transmitted primarily by tick bite to rodents, dogs, wild animals, and persons, comprise a phylogenetically discrete clade of the family Rickettsiacae, encompassing [...]

Viruses of the genus Orthonairovirus, family Nairoviridae, include the consequential tick-transmitted pathogens Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and Nairobi sheep disease virus, as well as other poorly characterized viruses that have [...]

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) of subtype H3 are highly prevalent among waterfowl globally, causing mild or no apparent signs of illness in birds (2-5). H3 AIV has shown the potential [...]

Although SARS-CoV-2 is primarily transmitted from person-to-person (1), it is considered zoonotic because of natural infections observed in a range of mammalian species (2,3). The broad host range of SARS-CoV-2 [...]

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses are of concern because of their pandemic potential, socioeconomic impact during agricultural outbreaks, and risks to wildlife conservation. Since October 2020, HPAI A(H5N1) virus, [...]

Since COVID-19 was first reported in China in late 2019 and quickly became a worldwide pandemic, zoonotic aspects of SARS-CoV-2 have raised public health concerns (1). The first reported case [...]

By November 2022, the COVID-19 pandemic had resulted in >630 million cases of disease worldwide (1). During the outbreak, natural occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in animals was a hallmark; infections [...]

On December 4, 2021, a 20-year-old female hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) at a zoo in Hanoi, Vietnam, was treated for lethargy, depression, and reduced appetite. Veterinary staff initiated antimicrobial drug treatment [...]

Since 2014, highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) with H5 hemagglutinin (HA) genes grouped in the genetic clade 2.3.4.4 have spread globally causing severe outbreaks in Africa, Europe, Asia, and [...]

Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii, the etiologic agents of coccidioidomycosis, also known as Valley fever, are environmental filamentous fungi with distinct geographic ranges in the western United States, northern Mexico, [...]

The first case of Bourbon virus (BRBV) was identified in June 2014 in Bourbon County, Kansas, USA, after severe febrile illness developed in a previously healthy middle-aged (>50 years of [...]

Rodents are widespread, opportunistic, and competent host reservoirs involved in the maintenance, circulation, and transmission of a wide panel of zoonotic pathogens (1). Rodent-related zoonoses cause up to 400 million [...]

Several endemic and emerging arboviruses, such as chikungunya (CHIKV), Zika (ZIKV), and dengue (DENV) viruses, have evolutionary origins in nonhuman primates (NHPs) (2,2). These pathogens have adapted sylvatic to urban [...]

Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) is an acute febrile, zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia conorii that is transmitted to humans by the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (1). MSF [...]

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV), a new tickborne bandavirus identified in China in 2009 (1), and subsequently in South Korea in 2013 (2), [...]

Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through direct, person-to-person contact has been recognized since the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic (1). However, mounting evidence suggests that the virus can be transmitted through [...]

The only mammals that can fly, bats play a vital role in maintaining healthy ecosystems. They devour large amounts of insect pests; pollinate hundreds of species of fruit, including avocados, [...]

Monkeypox virus (MPXV; genus Orthopoxvirus, Poxviridae), which causes mpox disease, is a zoonotic pathogen that is endemic in Central Africa (clade I) and Western Africa (clade II) (1). In mid-May [...]

Human noroviruses are the major cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide (1) and the most common cause of foodborne or waterborne outbreaks in Europe (2). Noroviruses spread through fecal-oral transmission, mainly [...]

Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by obligate intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, including Leishmania infantum (1). Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) occurs in countries to which the disease is [...]

Mosquito-transmitted viruses represent substantial health burdens across the Americas. Despite the broad geographic ranges of Aedes spp. and Culex spp. mosquitoes, the endemicity of human arboviral diseases is incongruent with [...]

Influenza A viruses have a worldwide distribution, and wild birds are the primary wild reservoir. Many wild ducks in particular are often repeatedly exposed to and infected with these viruses [...]

It has been suggested that disabled people may experience higher rates of sexually transmitted infections (STI) due to health inequities and sexual education gaps. Using a pan-Canadian health survey, we [...]

Consumption of wildlife meat drives emerging infectious diseases (1), often amplified by human encroachment into natural areas and changes in land use. Wildlife trade and consumption have been responsible for [...]

In October 2020, the Tennessee Department of Health (Nashville, Tennessee, USA) was notified of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in 3 Malayan tigers (Panthera tigris jacksoni) at [...]

The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the primary vector of arboviruses such as dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), chikungunya (CHIKV), and yellow fever. This mosquito species is common in urbanized areas in [...]

Powassan virus (POWV) is a neurotropic, tickborne flavivirus first identified as a human pathogen in 1958, when it was isolated from the brain of a patient who had died of [...]