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Introduction: The World Health Organization recommends full disclosure of HIV-positive status to adolescents who acquired HIV perinatally (APHIV) by age 12. However, even among adolescents (aged 10-19) already on antiretroviral therapy (ART), disclosure rates are low. Caregivers often report the child being too young and fear of disclosure worsening adolescents' mental health as reasons for non-disclosure. We aimed to identify the predictors of disclosure and the association of disclosure with adherence, viral suppression and mental health outcomes among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: Analyses included three rounds (2014-2018) of data collected among a closed cohort of adolescents living with HIV in Eastern Cape, South Africa. We used logistic regression with respondent random-effects to identify factors associated with disclosure, and assess differences in ART adherence, viral suppression and mental health symptoms between adolescents by disclosure status. We also explored differences in the change in mental health symptoms and adherence between study rounds and disclosure groups with logistic regression. Results: Eight hundred and thirteen APHIV were interviewed at baseline, of whom 769 (94.6%) and 729 (89.7%) were interviewed at the second and third rounds, respectively. The proportion aware of their HIV-positive status increased from 63.1% at the first round to 85.5% by the third round. Older age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.27; 1.08-1.48) and living in an urban location (aOR: 2.85; 1.72-4.73) were associated with disclosure between interviews. There was no association between awareness of HIV-positive status and ART adherence, viral suppression or mental health symptoms among all APHIV interviewed. However, among APHIV not aware of their status at baseline, adherence decreased at the second round among those who were disclosed to (N = 131) and increased among those not disclosed to (N = 151) (interaction aOR: 0.39; 0.19-0.80). There was no significant difference in the change in mental health symptoms between study rounds and disclosure groups. Conclusions: Awareness of HIV-positive status was not associated with higher rates of mental health symptoms, or lower rates of viral suppression among adolescents. Disclosure was not associated with worse mental health. These findings support the recommendation for timely disclosure to APHIV; however, adherence support post-disclosure is important. Keywords: HIV; adolescents; ART adherence; viral suppression; disclosure; mental health Additional information may be found under the Supporting Information tab of this article. Received 19 November 2021; Accepted 26 April 2022 Copyright [c] 2022 The Authors. Journal of the International AIDS Society published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International AIDS Society This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited., 1 I INTRODUCTION In 2020, there were an estimated 1.75 million adolescents (aged 10-19 years) living with HIV (ALHIV), of whom nearly 90% lived in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) [1]. Despite [...]

Efforts to connect intimate partner violence (IPV) and teen dating violence (TDV) survivors with services rely heavily on victimization screening, despite extensive evidence that many will not disclose abuse even with the best-available screening tools. This study examines how two forms of brief IPV/TDV intervention (screening and universal education) affect important outcomes other than disclosure, including participants' perceptions of options and resources for addressing IPV/TDV and maintaining safety. This study applies regression models and inductive qualitative analysis to survey data from adults (N = 646) and youth (N = 648) and accompanying qualitative interview data to explore participants' perceptions of safety-related resources and options after completing a set of randomly assigned brief IPV/TDV interventions. Brief IPV/TDV interventions (including screening and universal education) may influence safety options and connection to resources, even in the absence of disclosure. The brief interventions examined in this study supported participants' awareness of available resources and sparked personal reflection and insight. Organizational-level outcomes included stronger community partnerships, increased capacity for communicating about IPV/TDV, and expanded services for survivors. These outcomes appeared to be strongly shaped by how staff approached IPV/TDV-related interactions with participants. Implementation of brief IPV/TDV interventions in the context of high school and community-based relationship education programs represent a promising strategy for promoting safety and safety-related empowerment among youth and adult survivors. Future research should continue to examine outcomes of such interventions beyond disclosure., Author(s): Tasseli E. McKay [sup.1] [sup.2] , Marni L. Kan [sup.2] , Justin Landwehr [sup.2] , Elizabeth Miller [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.26009.3d, 0000 0004 1936 7961, Duke University, , [...]

We compare lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ+; n = 355) to heterosexual (n = 1227) student experiences with victimization and disclosure. In spring of 2019, random samples of undergraduate and graduate students were invited to take an online victimization survey. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine disclosure patterns of LGBQ+ and heterosexual students who experienced intimate partner violence or sexual violence. Among those with victimization experiences, we assessed differences in whether and to whom the LGBQ+ and heterosexual students disclosed these experiences. We find that a greater proportion of LGBQ+ students than heterosexual students experience intimate partner violence and sexual victimization in their lifetimes. In addition, a greater proportion of LGBQ+ students experienced sexual victimization since entering the university, before entering the university, in the past academic year, and revictimization. Similar proportions of LGBQ+ and heterosexual students told an informal resource (such as a friend or family member) about their victimization experience. However, in logistic regression models, LGBQ+ students (relative to heterosexual students) had greater odds of telling off-campus formal resources about intimate partner violence and sexual violence. They also had greater odds of telling on-campus formal resources about sexual violence, but not intimate partner violence. It is crucial that on-campus university prevention and intervention services are trauma-informed, inclusive, and anti-oppressive to prevent or mitigate short- and long-term impacts of victimization for vulnerable populations and promote disclosure. Universities must provide support services for intimate partner violence at the same level as sexual violence services., Author(s): Jane E. Palmer [sup.1] , Erin Williams [sup.1] , Annelise Mennicke [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.63124.32, 0000 0001 2173 2321, American University, School of Public Affairs, , 4400 Massachusetts [...]

Despite a substantial body of research in direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) for prescription drugs, what is missing from the existing discussion on the risk disclosure in DTCA is a focus on [...]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate disclosure rates and disclosure patterns and to examine predictors of non-disclosure in a sample of male and female adolescents with self-reported experiences of sexual abuse. Method: A sample of 4,339 high school seniors (2,324 girls, 2,015 boys) was examined with a questionnaire concerning sexual experiences in this study with a focus on disclosure of sexual abuse (non-contact, contact or penetrating abuse, and including peer abuse). Results: Of the sample, 1,505 girls (65%) and 457 boys (23%) reported experience of sexual abuse. The disclosure rate was 81% (girls) and 69% (boys). Girls and boys disclosed most often to a friend of their own age. Few had disclosed to professionals. Even fewer said that the incident had been reported to the authorities. Logistic regression showed that it was less likely for girls to disclose if they had experienced contact sexual abuse with or without penetration, abuse by a family member, only a single abuse occasion or if they had perceived their parents as non-caring. Boys were less likely to disclose if they studied a vocational program, lived with both parents or had perceived their parents as either caring and overprotective or non-caring and not overprotective. Conclusions: Disclosing sexual abuse is a complex process. Much is hidden from the adult society, especially from professionals and the legal system. Since peers are the most common receivers of abuse information, programs for supporting peers ought to be developed. Differences in disclosure patterns for girls and boys indicate that a gender perspective is helpful when developing guidelines for professionals. Practice implications: Professionals, especially in the school system, need to be more aware of the finding that few sexually abused children seek help from professionals or other adults and that support offers should be directly addressed not only to the vulnerable young persons themselves but also to peers who wish to help a friend. Keywords: Child sexual abuse Disclosure Adolescence Gender

Deciding which people to tell about sexual assault is an important and potentially consequential decision for sexual assault survivors. Women typically receive many different positive and negative reactions when they disclose sexual assault to social support sources. A diverse sample of adult sexual assault survivors in the Chicago area was surveyed about sexual assault experiences, social reactions received when disclosing assault to others, attributions of blame, coping strategies, and PTSD. Analyses were run to identify demographic, assault, and postassault factors differentiating women disclosing to informal support sources only from those disclosing to both informal and formal support sources. Women disclosing to both formal and informal support sources experienced more stereotypical assaults, had more PTSD symptoms, engaged in less behavioral self-blame, and received more negative social reactions than those disclosing to informal support sources only. Implications for future research and intervention are discussed. Keywords: sexual assault; social support; disclosure; women

The number of foundations issuing publications that detail their giving has decreased for the first time in 16 years, according to a new study by the Foundation Center. The study, [...]

Byline: Debra E. Blum Most nonprofit groups' Web sites do not offer enough detailed information about the organizations' finances, programs, and leadership, according to a new report that documents how [...]