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This study aims to examine the relationship between parent resilience, couple burnout, and misogyny of fathers with disabled children, while also investigating the mediating effect of parent resilience on the relationship between misogyny and couple burnout. This study included a sample of 120 fathers whose children were attending a special education and rehabilitation center. Couple Burnout Scale Short Form, Misogyny Scale, Family Resilience Scale, and Personal Information Form were used as instruments in the study. The findings revealed a significant relationship between couple burnout and levels of misogyny, as well as a negative relationship between couple burnout and perception of parent resilience. Additionally, a negative relationship was observed between the level of misogyny and parent resilience. Importantly, parent resilience was found to mediate the relationship between level of misogyny and couple burnout, explaining 24.5% of the total variance. Based on these findings, it is recommended to prioritize psychological interventions that strengthen resilience of fathers with disabled children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Health & Sport is the property of Turkish Journal of Health & Sport and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. The study of issues of inclusion of children with disabilities from the perspective of subjectivity is determined by the existing need to ensure the proper level of quality of life and well-being of this category of people. Children with disabilities constitute a large group of the child population that faces social barriers in the process of inclusion in social connections and relationships, which leads to their exclusion from typical childhood practices that ensure positive socialization. In this regard, the lifestyle, conditions of personal development and living during the childhood of a child with a disability are of great importance, largely determining his inclusion in society and the implementation of inclusive practices, which determined the perspective of the presented study. Purpose. To identify the subjective grounds for the inclusion of a disabled child in comparison with normotypical peers. Materials and methods. In 2023, the authors conducted a sociological study to identify the life competencies and nature of social activity of children with disabilities in comparison with their normotypical peers living in the Euro-Arctic region of the Russian Federation (n=584). Questionnaire and semi-structured interview methods were used. Results. The level and quality of social activity of children with disabilities is lower than normative children, which is also confirmed by other studies by modern Russian scientists. The main subjective barriers to the inclusion of an “atypical” child are low social activity, low level of productive activity, lack of communication with peers, lack of independence in decisions and underestimation of one’s abilities. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the presence of subjective factors that can inhibit the inclusion of a child with disabilities in society. The results are of practical importance for parents, teachers, educational institutions, health care and social protection of the population in the development of preventive programs and measures to increase the effectiveness of the inclusion of children with persistent health problems in society.

This research aims to show the impact of patterns of representations of imaginaries and cultural signifiers in the psychic suffering of children living with a disability. Indeed, in traditional African societies, the child occupies a privileged place and status which is inspired by its origins linked to the representations of imaginaries and cultural signifiers, which are related to those of the parents and the community. Despite this status and this place, the child with a disability finds himself in a difficult situation, because of his deficiency, his incapacity, his difficulty in participating in social life and psychological suffering which are the result of belonging to two diametrically opposed universes. If in this situation we do not conceive or name the psychic suffering of the child, the imagination and popular language are nonetheless full of characterizations of the malaise and the suffering of the child. The final situation that emerges from this research is that if psychic suffering can be considered as an indelible mark in a mentally disturbed and physically inoperative subject, the therapist can, through well-organized ritual practices, play the role of mediator between the visible world and the invisible world in order to reactivate and revitalize the psychic authorities of the sick subject and thus facilitate his integration into the society of the living.

This randomized controlled study focused on mothers of children with disabilities to determine the effect of a training program on family stress and life satisfaction. The sample consisted of 52 mothers of children with disabilities (intervention group = 26 and control group = 26). The intervention group participated in a five-session training program on coping mechanisms and life satisfaction. Data were collected using the Questionnaire On Resource And Stress (QRS-FT) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). After the intervention, the mean life satisfaction scores of the intervention group participants increased (p < 0.05), while their mean total score of family stress decreased (p > 0.05). In the control group, the mean life satisfaction scores decreased (p > 0.05), while the mean total score of family stress increased (p < 0.05). The intervention helped mothers of children with disabilities experience more satisfaction with life and less family stress. Authorities should consider the outcomes of educational intervention studies and formulate training programs for mothers of children with disabilities. Nurses can use interactive educational programs as nursing interventions to help mothers of children with disabilities experience less family stress and more life satisfaction. • Mothers with disabled children have a high care burden and high family stress. • The care burden and family stress of mothers with disabled children negatively affect their life satisfaction. • The education given to mothers of disabled children is effective in reducing their family stress and increasing their life satisfaction. • It is important that the training given to mothers of disabled children is continuous and regular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Academic Journal of Philosophy / Felsefi Düşün is the property of Pinhan Yayincilik and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Higher Education & Science / Yüksekögretim ve Bilim Dergisi is the property of Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The birth of a child is a process in which family life and daily routines undergo significant changes and adjustments. This study aims to investigate the relationship between spiritual coping styles and hope levels in mothers with disabled children. The study was conducted between January and April 2022 with mothers whose children were enrolled in a rehabilitation center of a district located in eastern Turkey. The target population of the study was 110 mothers who had children enrolled in the rehabilitation center. The sample of the study was 102 mothers who agreed to participate in the study. Data were collected through the Personal Information Form, the Trait Hope Scale, and the Maternal Spiritual Coping Scale. Spiritual coping mean scores were high in mothers who had a female disabled child, did not have any other disabled children, received support from the state for their child's care, did not ignore their other children's care due to the special condition of the disabled child and did not feel guilty, and were worried about their children's future. The difference between the mean scores was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Hope mean scores were found to be high in women who had children with physical and hearing disability, were illiterate, had a low economic condition, and received psychological support for the condition of their children. The difference between the mean scores was statistically significant (p < 0.05). A positive relationship was found between maternal spiritual coping levels and hope levels. In-line with this result, it is recommended to organize programs to help mothers to accept their children's condition and cope with their situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gümüshane Üniversitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Gumushane University, Faculty of Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Aletheia is the property of Aletheia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article provides an insight into the life of a family with a premature infant with quadruparetic form of cerebral palsy without intellectual disability in the long-term horizon of care. The authors focused on the effects of supporting a child with this disability in the context of the function of the entire caring family system and on the effects on the behaviour, experience, decision-making and relationships of family members. The study also reflects changes in the possibilities of care and provision of special educational support for this child retrospectively, from birth to adolescence. The aim of the investigation was to describe the difficult of care provided by parents and its effect on the immediate environment. The authors focused their research mainly on the main caregiver – the mother. The article describes the behaviour of individual family members and coping with a difficult life situation from the birth of a child with a developmental disability to adulthood. The authors tried to increase the awareness of the professional and public about the demands of daily long-term care and its effect not only on the caregivers themselves, but also on relationships in the close and extended family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the correlation between stress coping styles and self-efficacy with regard to the spiritual and religious coping of mothers with disabled children. The descriptive and relational screening model was used in this study. The research was completed with 227 mothers in a private rehabilitation center at Turkey. The data were collected using Maternal Spiritual Coping, Religious Coping Styles, Stress Coping Styles Scales (SCSS), and General Self-Efficacy Scales. As a result of the study, there was a statistically advanced degree of significant correlation in a positive direction between effective coping with stress and spiritual coping (p < 0.001), and a negative significant correlation between ineffective coping with stress and general self-efficacy (p < 0.05). Additionally, there was a negative significant correlation between the SCSS-effective coping dimension with the SCSS-ineffective coping points (p < 0.05). The high level of spiritual coping of mothers and its effect on coping with stress is an important result. For the participation of children with disabilities and their parents in society, it is essential to identify components such as mental health and spiritual coping that will improve mothers' mental health so that mothers can effectively cope with the difficulties they experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pediatrie pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The inclusion of people with disabilities still comes up against barriers, especially attitudinal barriers. The adoption of children with disabilities, in addition to being an action that ensures the fundamental right of family life, is ultimately one of the scenarios that seek inclusion and that still reveals ableist barriers. The present study aimed to identify conceptions of disabilities in four adoptive parents and four applicants for adoption, and to relate with motivators or not of the adoption of children with disabilities. The results indicated a strong tendency to agree with the biological conception of the deficiency associated with the idea of dependence of these children, related to ableism. The study identifies a lack of access to content about deficiencies during the adoption process, and indicates the possibility of the performance of technicians who can act in this process, informing, in forums and support groups for adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines migrant parents' experiences with public health and social services in Finland, relying on data from interviews with 20 parents. We apply the theory of recognition as the theoretical framework for this research. Our focus is on the recognition of and services for disabled persons for two reasons. Firstly, research on disability in the migration context remains lacking. Secondly, whilst many theoretical discussions about recognition exist, empirical studies relying on theory have received less attention. Here, we aim to explore the practical forms of recognition to parents' everyday lives. We rely on theory-guided content analysis as an analytical tool. Based on the results of this research, parents face multiple challenges when encountering public service professionals. This drained parents' resources and hampered their integration into Finnish society. Regardless of problems related to services, parents employed different strategies to gain recognition based on their own resources. This research examines in detail how the migrant parents of a disabled child related with Finnish public health and social service professionals. Most parents in this study experienced problems obtaining services, caused by the lack of a shared language and an unfamiliarity with the service system. All parents wanted professionals to recognise their concerns regarding their child's disability, to take into account the parents' views about their child's treatment and treat parents with respect. When parents felt unrecognised, they refused to accept it in many ways. For example, they could resist professionals' plan during meetings or consulted repeatedly emergency room service. This research demonstrates how a delayed or an inappropriate health and social service influenced parents' every-day lives. Consequently, it created long-lasting stress and hampered their integration process into the new country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is currently believed that functioning in family and professional roles can bring negative and positive experiences, indicating the development of competences useful in both areas. How these areas interact may indicate a particular type of balance achieved by the individual. Work-family balance is relatively well recognized in parents of non-disabled children, but to a lesser extent, in parents of disabled children. The article presents the results of the author's own research aimed at determining types of work-family interactions based on the results of conflict and enrichment in parents of disabled children and analyzing the influence of sociodemographic variables, characteristics of the child, parental satisfaction, and job satisfaction. 188 Polish mothers and fathers of children with selected types of disabilities participated in the study. Measures used: Work-Family Enrichment Scale by Carlson et al., The Work-Family Conflict Scale by Matthews et al., The Scale of Parenting Experiences (own construction), and The Work Satisfaction Scale by Zalewska. Four types were found: unbalanced parents experiencing strong conflict and poor enrichment; parents separating family and professional life (low conflict and enrichment); the blurred type with high conflict and enrichment; and balanced parents experiencing low conflict and high enrichment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The study's first objective is to compare differences between fathers and mothers with and without chronically disabled children. The study's second objective is to analyze factors influencing the quality of life of mothers and fathers with chronically disabled children comprehensively. Materials and Methods: One hundred sixty parents, 48 mothers and 22 fathers with chronically disabled children, 45 mothers and 45 fathers without chronically disabled children, participated in the research. Data collection was performed by employing the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Parenting Stress Index (PSI), Fatigue Severity Scale, Headache Impact Test (HIT), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: The childcare-related workload, HIT, NHP, BDI, and PSQI values of the mothers in the study group and BDI and PSQI values of the mothers in the control group were significantly higher than the values obtained by the fathers (p<0.05). Moreover, depression, parenting stress, headache, fatigue, and the percentage of childcare-related workload undertaken by the spouse were observed to affect the quality of life of parents having chronically disabled children (p<0.05). Conclusion: As a consequence, we see that parents are affected by their children's disabilities, whereas mothers are affected more. We think that planning multifaceted approaches on the issue will be useful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: There are conflicting results regarding the effect of motor and functional independence levels of disabled children on the burden of care. In addition, this burden, as well as musculoskeletal problems of pediatric caregivers, has not been examined in detail. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of motor and functional levels of the disabled child. Methods: The study was planned as a single-blind, multicenter, cross-sectional study. Children between ages 1-12 with physical disabilities from various problems, and 65 caregivers over the age of 18 who cared for them for at least 6 months, were included. Caregivers were divided into two groups, as per the BAKAS Caregiver Impact Scale score as high care burden (n = 33) or low care burden (n = 32). The motor level of the disabled child was determined by the Gross Motor Function Classification System, and the functional level of the Pediatric Functional Independence Measurement. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to evaluate musculoskeletal problems in caregivers. Results: There was no significant difference between the Gross Motor Function Classification System levels of children in groups (P > 0.05). The Pediatric Functional Independence Measurement scores of children in the high care burden group were significantly lower than those in the low care burden group (P < 0.05). According to a comparison of pain in parts of the body for 12 months, using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, the percentage of pain in the neck, shoulder, back, elbow, hand, hip, and foot regions of caregivers was significantly higher in the group with a high care burden (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between percent of low back and knee pain in the last 12 months (P > 0.05). A weak positive correlation was found between the BAKAS Caregiver Impact scores and the Pediatric Functional Independence Measurement of children with disabilities (r = 0.26; P = 0.03). Conclusion: The lower functional level of the disabled child may cause an increase in caregiver burden of both the caregivers and musculoskeletal disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Disability not only affects the disabled child. It also has psychological and social impacts on family members and caregivers. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between severity of depressive symptomes and hopelessness levels of caregivers of children with disabilities and their perceived social support. Materials and Methods: A total of 205 caregivers of disabled children were included in this cross-sectional study. A ‘sociodemographic questionnaire’, ‘Beck Depression Scale’, ‘Beck Hopelessness Scale’ and ‘Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale’ were used to assess the subjects in this cross-sectional study. Direct and indirect effects of a predictor in path models of mediation and moderation were calculated. The bootstrapping method has been used to calculate confidence intervals for indirect effects. Results: It was determined that the hopelessness levels were high (r = 0.594, p

Background and Objectives: In Iranian Islamic culture, one of the most important duties of mothers is to take care of their children. Caring for a child with a mental or physical disability is fraught with challenges. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review the lived experiences of mothers with children with physical and mental disabilities. Materials and Methods: This study was performed by a qualitative approach and document analysis using meta-synthesis method to examine 13 articles related to the seven-step method of Sandlowski and Barros. The stages of this research included preparing the research question, reviewing the texts systematically, searching and selecting appropriate texts, extracting textual information, analyzing and combining qualitative findings, quality control, and presenting the findings. Results: Dimensions and categories included individual dimensions (personal education and knowledge, emotions, spirituality, defense mechanisms, personal life) and social dimensions (social stigmas, social supports). Conclusions: The findings of the present study revealed that mothers with disabled children experience many painful experiences and psychosocial concerns about caring for their disabled child. These findings highlight the need for specialized support for mothers during the first years of a disabled child's birth and beyond, and encourage readers and professionals to make each of these categories a potential therapeutic goal, and to strengthen mothers' strengths in resilience, and in this way prevent the damage they face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Societas / Communitas is the property of University of Warsaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of State & Society / Państwo i Społeczeństwo is the property of Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, AFM Publishing Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Szkoła Specjalna is the property of Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im Marii Grzegorzewskiej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Somaye Farmani, Shabnam Ajami, Neda Babanouri Department of Orthodontics, Orthodontic Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranCorrespondence: Neda BabanouriDepartment of Orthodontics, Orthodontic Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Qom Abad Blv, Ghasrodasht AV, Shiraz, IranTel +98-713 6263193Email nedababanouri508@protonmail.comBackground: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and to determine the most common occlusal traits.Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted among 7– 15 years old children with ASDs and randomly selected healthy children with the same demographic characteristics. Molar relationship, lip incompetence, overbite, overjet, midline deviation, crossbite, and crowding/spacing were recorded. A descriptive analysis was performed for all variables. A comparison of the presence or absence of malocclusion traits between children with and without ASDs was assessed using the chi-square test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) to assay various parameters between autism and non-autism group.Results: A total of 96 patients were assessed, 47 patients in the ASD group, and 49 in the control (non-ASD) group. The results showed no significant difference between the ASD and control groups in terms of the overall prevalence of malocclusion (P> 0.05). However, the prevalence of increased overjet and Class II molar relationship was significantly higher in the ASD group compared to the control group (P=0.03). Patients in the control group showed a higher prevalence of midline deviation (P=0.001).Conclusion: Despite a higher prevalence of overjet and Class II molar relationship in children with ASDs, the prevalence of malocclusion was not higher in this group of patients.Keywords: prevalence of malocclusion, autism spectrum disorders, disabled child, orthodontic care

Introduction: Mothers with a disabled child experience excessive stress, fatigue, frustration, and depression. Failure of mothers to effectively deal with these symptoms can lead to chronic fatigue and, in the long run, burnout. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of supportive-training intervention on the burnout of mothers with disabled children. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 70 mothers with disabled children studying in special schools were selected in one of the urban areas of Iran. They were divided into two groups of intervention and control, using Minimization Random Method. In the intervention group, mothers participated in supportive-training sessions once a week for a period of 6 weeks. The control group did not receive any special interventions. The data collection tool was a demographic data form and Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire (SMBQ). Burnout was evaluated as primary outcome at the beginning of the study and one month after the end of the intervention. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 18. Results: Based on the results, there was no significant difference between the mean score of burnout in the intervention and control groups before the intervention. However, after the intervention, the mean score of burnout in the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group. Conclusion: Considering the positive effect of supportive-training intervention on the burnout of mothers of disabled children, this intervention is recommended by nurses and other health care providers in special schools, health centers, and supportive institutions.

This study explored the experiences of mothers of children with various disability in Malaysia. Specifically, the study sought to assess the crises faced by the mothers who raised a child with disability. Mothers are often identified as the primary caregivers of their hildren. Therefore, it is important to understand a mother's perspective in caregiving child with disabilities. Using in-depth interview approach, ten (10) mothers were purposively selected from mothers whose children attended a "special" school which is Pusat Pemulihan Dalam Komuniti (PDK) Klang Selatan. In-depth interviews were conducted to explore their unique, challenging, and special experiences. A set of 12 semi-structured questions were applied for ten informants. The study was conducted from January to June 2020 at PDK Klang Selatan. Data were themmatically analyzed and extracted into five (5) themes including emotional crises, financial crises, health crises, role crises and rejection. The findings of this study demonstrate that being a mother of a child with disability is related to multiple negative experiences or crises. However, the mothers have reacted with positive coping strategies including spirituality, social supports, and hope in nurturing their disabled children. This research gave relevant informantion to improve governmental policies. National Social Policy need to highlight the needs of disabled children and their families. Supportive programs should be conducted more frequently to help parents with disabled children. Related agencies need to identify the need of each families with disabled children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study determined problems, fatigue, life satisfaction, family stress, and coping strategies of families who had a disabled child and the relationships between them. Design and Methods: This descriptive and cross‐sectional study conducted with 191 parents of children with disabilities. Findings: As the life satisfaction of childcare providers increased, their emotional exhaustion decreased and sense of personal accomplishment increased (p < 0.05). Practice Implications: It is necessary that nurses and health team members should provide regular and continuous education for burnout, life satisfaction, family stress and coping styles to parents of disabled children using interactive education techniques and group interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Special Treatment / Különleges Bánásmód is the property of University of Debrecen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Single‐parent families with disabled children are obliged to take special care of children and shoulder excessive burdens. This study aimed to clarify the family functioning of child‐rearing single‐parent families with children attending special needs schools in Japan. Methods: Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with qualitative content analysis utilized for data analysis. Results: The results of the data analysis clarified nine categories: excessive concentration of family functioning on mothers, and adjustments in the family functioning they perform; creation of a family environment friendly to disabled children and their families; satisfaction with family needs by gaining support from the neighborhood and social resources; anxieties related to children's disabilities; promotion of a better understanding of disability; unavoidable reduction in the amount of time shared by the family; efforts to maintain an infrastructure for health care; selection and effective use of a special needs school; and strengthened bonds between families with disabled children. Conclusions: Receiving adequate support from the school is of great assistance in enabling families to maintain their family functioning. This demonstrates that, through the use of the time while the child attends a special needs school, the family can accomplish family functioning, contributing to a fulfilling family life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young children may express themselves vocally, with gestures, movements or by using toys and other everyday objects. This can also be done with simple musical instruments, particularly percussion instruments, such as rattles, drums, clappers, claves, bells, tambourines or sleigh bells. Owing to their sound, vibration, shape, construction, size, colour, texture, weight and temperature, these instruments highly engage children and prompt them to effective performance, thereby stimulating cognitive, psychomotor, emotional and social development. By playing, children with disability make percussion instruments vibrate and sound, which renders them child-specific non-verbal means of musical expression. The vibration–sound utterances of children may be recognised, read and interpreted by parents, carers and specialists (educators, therapists, doctors, psychologists), thereby contributing to the development of proper relationships and communication patterns in the family. This can take place as early as in the second half of life, but the intensity of expression is preconditioned by the child’s skills (psychomotor and intellectual ability), their expectations as well as emotional and aesthetic sensitivity to sounds and music. This work is an attempt of a synthetic look on spontaneous (perceptive, creative and reconstructive) activity of infants and young children as well as their closest family members who use simple percussion instruments. It also provides practical tips as to how to use such means of therapeutic interaction. The discussed activity may be viewed both as a complex process and as a simple sound–musical creation that is often accompanied by verbal, vocal and motor behaviours. What is significant is the fact that percussion instruments of specified and unspecified sound pitch may become an effective means of non-verbal interaction used in early intervention, while simple music performance may serve as a stimulant of individual development of a young child with disability and support the functioning of his or her family.

En el presente trabajo se comenta un reciente pronunciamiento de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la República Argentina en el que, en virtud de las normas internacionales protectorias de los derechos del niño y de las personas con discapacidad, se declaró la inconstitucionalidad de ciertas normas nacionales en materia de privilegios concursales a fin de lograr el efectivo cumplimiento de una sentencia indemnizatoria de daños y perjuicios provocados en el propio alumbramiento de una persona. The present paper comments on a recent pronouncement of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Argentine Republic in which, due to international law protecting the rights of children and persons with disabilities, certain national bankruptcy privileges rules were declared unconstitutional in order to achieve effective compliance of a compensatory sentence of damages caused in the very birth of a person.

Proper implementation of ECDS is crucial for the future school career of children with developmental disabilities. Effective implementation of tasks by specialists and the proper preparation of parents to support the child in overcoming difficulties and barriers are invaluable. The article presents the results of research on the effectiveness of ECDS in the opinion of parents of children receiving this form of assistance. It also presents the views and experiences of parents associated with ECDS and the benefits arising from these activities.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between care burden and physical activity, quality of life, and sleep quality of mothers with disabled children. Design and Methods: The study was conducted with 165 mothers in a private rehabilitation center. Findings: There was a significant correlation between care burden and quality of life and sleep quality among mothers with disabled children. Practice Implications: It is necessary for nurses to consult parents in terms of social support and to provide psychological support for families with disabled children to reduce the care burden of parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim: In the conducted studies, it was stated that disabled children cause breakdowns and uneasiness in family structure and dynamics. The number of the studies concerned with the marriage relationship of parents is quite few in our country. The aim of this study is to assess marital status and life satisfaction of parents those have children with and without disabilities and determine affecting factors. Materials and methods: The study was conducted with parents with 6-12 year-old children in special education and rehabilitation centers. The universe of the study was parents of disabled children. 286 parents, willing for the study and selected by simple random sampling, participated in the study. The data was collected through a questionnaire determining characteristics of parents, Marital Adjustment and Life Satisfaction Scale. The collected data was analyzed through percentage distribution, mean, variance analysis, t test, chi square, and reliability coefficient test. Results: This study adhered to ethic principles. The study revealed no significant difference between parents that have disabled children and without disabilities in terms of marital adjustment and life satisfaction while a positively strong relationship between marital adjustment and life satisfaction was observed in this study (p<.001). Conclusions: Findings indicated that unemployed and illiterate parents with disabled children had a higher level of marital adjustment when compared to others (p<.05). It is necessary to strengthen marital adjustment and life satisfaction of parents with disabled children. Reinforcement of marital adjustment results in increase of life satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this theoretical paper is to think about the emotional link that a mother establishes with her sick and disabled child as a creation of an artwork of care, which involves a process of comprehending and transforming the feelings of guilt, rejection, shame, pain and uncertainty regarding the presence of that child. In addition, the art and virtue of taking care of this child does not imply the development of an act and the application or execution of a technique, but it involves putting at the service of the illness and dependence, the creativity, patience, acceptance and emotional and personal implication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Taking care of a child with disability not only affects the health of the caregiver but also has a detrimental effect on their quality of life. Presently heath providers are focussing on the child with disability, their caregivers are ignored to a large extent. Aim: To compare the quality of life of the caregivers of children with or without disabilities. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the outpatient department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lady Hardinge Medical College and associated Kalawati Saran Children’s Hospital, New Delhi from November 2011 to October 2012 with prior approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. After obtaining informed consent, a total of 400 participants (200 each in case and control group) who satisfied the inclusion criteria were included in the study. A pre-structured proforma containing the demographic details of the family and WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire to assess quality of life of caregivers was filled. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Results: In the present study it was observed that quality of life of caregivers of children with disabilities had statistically significant lower scores in all domains using WHOQoL-BREF scale as compared to control group. Conclusion: Protocols should be framed in departments managing children with disabilities to address the health issues of the caregivers. Help in the form of regular counselling, peer group interaction within the hospital and respective local communities, support including respite care services are few things that can be incorporated in order to improve their quality of life.

Objective Parents with a disabled child face many challenges, including the imbalance between work and leisure, limited social life and time limitations. Social support is a multidimensional index that shows the individual’s perception of being supported, loved, and valued. Owing to the importance of social support of parents/caregivers of disabled children and its impact on their physical, psychological, social and spiritual aspects, a systematic review was conducted with an aim to assess and summarize the results of the studies already conducted in our country. Materials & Methods The study population included all the published articles since February 1395, containing quantitative data about the social support of disabled parents from the studies conducted in Iran in Persian. In the first phase, in order to achieve related studies, four categories of related keywords were included: 1=(support, social support), 2=(father, mother, parent, caregiver), 3=(child, girl, son) and 4=(handicapped, disabled, exceptional, patient) to search in the scientific databases of Iranmedex, SID, Magiran, Noormags and Google Scholar. Specialized journals such as Journal of Rehabilitations, Journal of Modern Rehabilitation, Journal of Paramedical Science and Rehabilitation and Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences were also visited to access all articles. In all, 683 studies were obtained, in this phase. In the second phase, according to the title of studies, repetitive and non-related subjects were excluded; thus 384 studies remained. Then, considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the abstracts of the remaining studies were reviewed. The quality of the methods used to search articles (based on the exact definition of the target group, type of study, sampling method, sample size, validity and reliability of the data gathering tool) were also assessed. Finally, 14 studies remained for the final evaluation. The required data were extracted from the studies according to the table of findings for the qualitative analysis of the data. To increase the validity of the study, each process of search in different databases, initial review of the articles, adaptation to the criteria and investigation of the quality of studies was done by two researchers independently; in case of any disagreement, a consensus was reached with the help of the opinion of a third researcher. Results Based on the methodologies used and the subsequent findings, all the 14 articles were found to be cross-sectional, half of them were correlation studies, and the remaining were causal-comparative studies. In this review, 5 different tools were used for data collection; more than half of the studies (57%) used the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, followed by the Scale of Social Support developed by Vaux et al. (14.2%). It is noteworthy that majority (64%) of the studies examined the mother and others considered both parents. Children with intellectual disabilities, such as mental retardation and Down syndrome had the highest (34.48%) support, followed by children with hearing impairments (17.24%), physical-movement disorders (17.24%) and visual impairments (13.79%). Studies that compared social support between parent/parents of ordinary children with disabled ones showed that there was a significant difference between social protections of the two groups. The relationship between social support and mental health, mindfulness, resilience, life satisfaction, marital satisfaction, psychological well-being, adaptability, stress, stress coping strategies and post-traumatic stress variables have been discussed in these studies. Conclusion Social support of parents with a disabled child has been addressed more in recent years. The articles on social support of parents examined only the effect of taking care of these children and the decline of it. In fact, they remain largely descriptive and theoretical, and there are no operational strategies to improve social support.

Resumen: Introducción: El incremento de la supervivencia de niños con enfermedades graves ha supuesto el aumento de niños con patología crónica altamente compleja, en ocasiones con discapacidades de por vida. En el año 2008 se creó una unidad para la atención específica de los niños con patología crónica compleja (NPCC) en el Hospital La Paz. Objetivos: Describir el funcionamiento y la actividad asistencial de esta unidad. Pacientes y métodos Se analizaron todos los informes de alta de la unidad entre enero de 2014 y julio de 2016. Resultados: La unidad dispone de consulta y 6 camas de hospitalización. Se han atendido 1.027 pacientes, 243 desde 2014. La mediana de edad fue de 24,2 meses (IC: 10,21-84,25). Un 92,59% presentaron pluripatología, siendo las condiciones crónicas más frecuentemente observadas las neurológicas (76,95%), gastrointestinales (63,78%) y respiratorias (61,72%). Un 69,54% de los NPCC fueron dependientes de tecnología, el 53,49% de soporte respiratorio y el 35,80% nutricional. El número de ingresos ha aumentado anualmente, hasta 403 desde 2014, con un 8,93% de reingresos. La mediana de la estancia fue de 6 días (IC: 3-14). La tasa de ocupación fue superior al 100% en este período. En la actualidad se mantienen en seguimiento 210 pacientes (86,42%), 11 niños han sido dados de alta a sus hospitales de referencia y 22 han fallecido (9,05%). De estos 22 pacientes, la principal condición fue neurológica, y la principal causa desencadenante del fallecimiento fue infecciosa. Conclusión: La unidad de NPCC ha incrementado su actividad en estos años, poniendo de manifiesto la necesidad de crear estas unidades en los hospitales terciarios. Abstract: Introduction: The increase in survival of children with severe diseases has led to the rise of children with chronic diseases, sometimes with lifelong disabilities. In 2008, a unit for the specific care of medically complex children (MCC) was created in Hospital La Paz. Objectives: To describe the work and care activities of this Unit.Patients and methods An analysis was performed on all discharge reports of the Unit between January 2014 and July 2016. Results: The MCC Unit has 6 beds and daily outpatient clinic. A total of 1,027 patients have been treated since the creation of the unit, with 243 from 2014. The median age was 24.2 months (IQ: 10.21-84.25). The large majority (92.59%) have multiple diseases, the most frequent chronic conditions observed were neurological (76.95%), gastrointestinal (63.78%), and respiratory diseases (61.72%). More than two-thirds (69.54%) of MCC are dependent on technology, 53.49% on respiratory support, and 35.80% on nutritional support. Hospital admission rates have increased annually. There have been 403 admissions since 2014, of which 8.93% were re-admissions within 30 days of hospital discharge. The median stay during 2014-2016 was 6 days (IQ: 3-14). The occupancy rate has been above 100% for this period. Currently, 210 patients remain on follow-up (86.42%), and 11 children (4.53%) were discharged to their referral hospitals. The mortality rate is 9.05% (22 deaths). The main condition of these 22 patients was neurological (9 patients). Infectious diseases were the leading cause of death. Conclusion: MCC should be treated in specialized units in tertiary or high-level hospitals.

Introduction: Mothers with a disabled child experience excessive stress, fatigue, frustration, and depression. Failure of mothers to effectively deal with these symptoms can lead to chronic fatigue and, in the long run, burnout. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of supportive-training intervention on the burnout of mothers with disabled children. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 70 mothers with disabled children studying in special schools were selected in one of the urban areas of Iran. They were divided into two groups of intervention and control, using minimization random method. In the intervention group, mothers participated in supportive-training sessions once a week for a period of 6 weeks. The control group did not receive any special interventions. The data collection tool was a demographic data form and Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire (SMBQ). Burnout was evaluated as primary outcome at the beginning of the study and one month after the end of the intervention. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 18. Results: Based on the results, there was no significant difference between the mean score of burnout in the intervention and control groups before the intervention. However, after the intervention, the mean score of burnout in the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group. Conclusion: Considering the positive effect of supportive-training intervention on the burnout of mothers of disabled children, this intervention is recommended by nurses and other health care providers in special schools, health centers, and supportive institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: The article is based on the authors' study of parental views in a family with a disabled child, the study of the parent's subjectivity (awareness of their role in raising a child) and their choice of a behavioural model in the upbringing process. THEORETICAL BASE: Includes concepts of social views (Moscovici, 1973; 2000), subjectivity of individual personality (Leontyev, 1975), the concept of social design based on social perceptions (Lahlou, 2015), and the social concept of disability, socialization, and social adaptation of a child with disabilities. OUTCOMES: The research studies parent's self-esteem, gives an assessment of their readiness to fulfil parental responsibilities in raising a disabled child, and identifies patterns of parent behaviour in the child raising process. METHODS: the study used a pilot questionnaire (n56), a semi-structured indepth interview method (n12), an expert survey of specialists and leaders of social organizations providing social and pedagogical support (n12), as well as modelling method. SOCIAL WORK IMPLICATIONS: The identified assessments and models of parental behaviours are important components for further developing the formation of professional support views and programmes, the support for changing problematic parental approaches and shortcomings, and the formation of meaningful social partnership between the family with a disabled child and specialists who provide professional assistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Taking care of a child with disability not only affects the health of the caregiver but also has a detrimental effect on their quality of life. Presently heath providers are focussing on the child with disability, their caregivers are ignored to a large extent. Aim: To compare the quality of life of the caregivers of children with or without disabilities. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the outpatient department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lady Hardinge Medical College and associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi from November 2011 to October 2012 with prior approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. After obtaining informed consent, a total of 400 participants (200 each in case and control group) who satisfied the inclusion criteria were included in the study. A pre-structured proforma containing the demographic details of the family and WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire to assess quality of life of caregivers was filled. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Results: In the present study it was observed that quality of life of caregivers of children with disabilities had statistically significant lower scores in all domains using WHOQoL-BREF scale as compared to control group. Conclusion: Protocols should be framed in departments managing children with disabilities to address the health issues of the caregivers. Help in the form of regular counselling, peer group interaction within the hospital and respective local communities, support including respite care services are few things that can be incorporated in order to improve their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Encountering disability can produce an experience of the uncanny in non-disabled people. 'Uncanny' refers to a psychological experience which is frightening, arousing a sense of uncertainty, dread, and horror; yet the observer is also left with a sense of familiarity. This article explores the phenomenon of the uncanny for mothers of children who are visibly physically disabled. It is argued that the gaze of others provokes a particular maternal response. Mothers see their own children through the eyes of the other, others who experience a disabled child as unfamiliar. Accordingly, maternal ambivalence is amplified. Maternal attempts to manage these various feelings and complex experiences so as to maintain love for their children are explored. The mothers' continuing process of psychic development vacillates between integration and unraveling, as they sit on the boundary of their own sense of the uncanny. The article includes a discussion of how the women used the disabled author, at times also perceived as uncanny by the mothers, in an attempt to cope with their discomfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The study was conducted as a descriptive study for the evaluation of the functions of family members with children with disabilities. Method: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between 14 September-11 December 2018. In the universe of the research, parents (200 persons) with disabled children. 128 parents who were visited in their dynasties and voluntarily agreed to participate in the study constituted the sample group of the research. Participants have included the work in line with the Helsinki Criteria and voluntarily participated. The questionnaire used in the research was formed by the researchers in accordance with the literature knowledge. Permission has been obtained prior to the investigation. Descriptive variables were given as number and percentage, and chi-square analysis was performed for categorical data. p<0.05 is the significance level. Results: The average age of the participants was 37.25±6.25 (min: 25, max: 55) and the average age of the children was 10.56±3.01 (min: 6, max: 17). 71.9% of children are mentally and 16.4% have more than one disability. The majority (70.3%) of those who are interested in children at home are mothers. 46.9% of the participants reported that postpartum family ties were affected. 31.3% of the participants reported that they blamed themselves for their child's handicap. Significant differences were found between participants' age ranges, sex, marital status, and self-blame status due to the child's disability (p <0.05). Conclusion: Families with disabled children need to be strengthened and aware of the conditions in which they are able to change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]