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We present an uncommon renal artery pseudoaneurysm (RAP) after renal biopsy. The diagnosis was made with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), followed by coil embolization therapy, and the subsequent therapy monitoring with CEUS highlighting its applicability.

Background: Breast ultrasound identifies additional carcinomas not detected in mammography, but has a higher rate of false-positive findings which result in more unnecessary breast biopsies. Shear-Wave Elastography (SWE), an ultrasound technique used to quantify the stiffness of a lesion, showed promising results to improve the diagnostic performance of B-mode breast ultrasound but also to miss some cancers. As the stiffness of a lesion is found to be influenced by individual patient characteristics, incorporation of lesion stiffness in more individualized assessments may be key to the problem of reducing unnecessary breast biopsies without impairing the breast cancer detection rate. Thus, in this study, we evaluated whether an intelligent algorithm incorporating traditional SWE values as well as other patient and clinical variables (hereafter “intelligent SWE”) could reduce the number of unnecessary breast biopsies without impairing the breast cancer detection rate compared to traditional SWE and B-mode breast ultrasound for patients with suspicious breast lesions. Methods: We trained, tested, and validated machine learning algorithms using patient, clinical, ultrasound, and SWE information to classify breast masses. We used international, multicenter data from 857 women with BI-RADS 4 breast masses at 12 study sites in 7 countries. Patients underwent B-mode breast ultrasound, SWE, and subsequent histopathologic evaluation. 10-fold cross-validation was used to train and test the algorithms on data from 11 of the 12 sites which were further validated using the additional site’s data. The results of B-mode breast ultrasound, traditional SWE, and intelligent SWE were compared to the gold standard of histopathologic evaluation. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, and AUROC and used McNemar tests to test for significant differences in diagnostic performance. Results: The mean age was 49.5 years (SD 16.3) and 42.2% breast masses (n=362 of 857) were found to be malignant as confirmed by histopathology. In the external validation set (n=285), traditional SWE showed a significantly higher diagnostic performance compared to B-mode breast ultrasound (P < 0.001), whereas intelligent SWE outperformed both B-mode breast ultrasound and traditional SWE (P < 0.001). The neural network algorithm showed a significantly higher diagnostic performance compared to the Logistic Regression with Elastic Net Penalty (P = 0.004). The neural network algorithm achieved a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 97.1 to 100%, 126 of 126) and a specificity of 50.3% (95% CI 42.3 to 58.3%, 80 of 159); the number of unnecessary biopsies were reduced by 50.3% (79 vs. 159) without missing any cancer compared to B-mode breast ultrasound. Model-agnostic variable importance plots to provide insights into the model predictions showed that the three most important variables for intelligent SWE were patient age followed by Shear-Wave velocity and orientation of the lesion (parallel vs. not parallel) in B-mode ultrasound. Conclusion: This is the first evidence which suggests that the majority of false-positive breast biopsies could be safely avoided by using intelligent SWE without impairing breast cancer detection rates. These results may be helpful in their ability to reduce treatment burden for patients, providers, and healthcare systems. Trial registration: NCT02638935. Funding: Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc Diagnostic Performance ComparisonB-mode Breast UltrasoundTraditional Shear-Wave ElastographyIntelligent Shear-Wave Elastography – Logistic Regression with Elastic Net PenaltyIntelligent Shear-Wave Elastography – neural networkAUROC – value (95% CI)–0.84 (0.79-0.89)0.93 (0.90-0.95)0.93 (0.90-0.96)Sensitivity – % (95% CI); no.100% (97.1-100%); 126 of 12697.6% (93.2-99.5%); 123 of 126100% (97.1-100%); 126 of 126100% (97.1-100%); 126 of 126Specificity – % (95% CI); no.0% (0.0-2.3%); 0 of 15923.9% (17.5-31.3%); 38 of 15936.5% (29.0-44.5%); 58 of 15950.3% (42.3-58.3%); 80 of 159Negative predictive value – % (95% CI); no.–92.7% (80.1-98.5%); 38 of 41100% (93.8-100%); 58 of 58100% (95.5-100%); 80 of 80Positive predictive value – % (95% CI); no.44.2% (38.4-50.2); 126 of 28550.4% (44.0-56.8%); 123 of 24455.5% (48.8-62.1%); 126 of 22761.5% (54.4-68.2%); 126 of 205 Citation Format: André Pfob, Chris Sidey-Gibbons, Richard G. Barr, Volker Duda, Zaher Alwafai, Corinne Balleyguier, Dirk-André Clevert, Sarah Fastner, Christina Gomez, Manuela Goncalo, Ines Gruber, Markus Hahn, André Hennigs, Chi Ho, Panagiotis Kapetas, Sheng-Chieh Lu, Juliane Nees, Ralf Ohlinger, Fabian Riedel, Matthieu Rutten, Benedikt Schaefgen, Anne Stieber, Riku Togawa, Mitsuhiro Tozaki, Sebastian Wojcinski, Cai Xu, Geraldine Rauch, Joerg Heil, Michael Golatta. Intelligent shear-wave elastography to reduce unnecessary biopsies in breast cancer diagnosis (INSPiRED 002): An international, multicenter analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD11-05.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) findings in patients with peliosis hepatis (PH).Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of CEUS features in 24 patients with histopathologically confirmed PH (11 men and 13 women; mean age, 32.4±7.1 years; range, 28 to 41 years). All lesions were histologically proven, either by core needle biopsy (n=10) or by hepatic surgery (n=14).Results: The mean size was 36.8±12.4 mm (range, 10 to 80 mm). On B-mode ultrasonography (BMUS), all PH lesions were heterogeneously hypoechoic, with well-defined margins but irregular shapes. No mass effect was observed. During the arterial phase of CEUS, all lesions displayed mild heterogeneous hyperenhancement (83.3%, 20/24) or isoenhancement (16.7%, 4/24). Furthermore, 87.5% of the PH lesions showed mild washout after 1 minute in the portal venous phase (30-120 seconds) and mild washout in the late phase (>120 seconds).Conclusion: The lack of a mass effect on BMUS, mild heterogeneous arterial hyperenhancement, and washout in the very late portal venous phase (after 1 minute) on CEUS are characteristic of PH. Although it is a histological diagnosis, PH should be considered in the differential diagnosis when the clinical context does not favor a malignancy or infection.

The diagnostics and treatment of pediatric urology patients in the clinical routine can be extremely challenging. In contrast to adult patients, the main concerns in the diagnostics of congenital diseases are time consuming examinations and limited options in addition to the expectations of the parents. The exact knowledge of the diagnostic possibilities in association with the correct interpretation of the indications is essential. Simple processes can be much more time consuming because of a lack of compliance, especially in very young children. Sonography is considered the standard for imaging in pediatric urology. Profound knowledge of the embryonal development and also physiological processes throughout childhood contribute to making the correct diagnosis. This article deals with the possibilities of nuclear medicine diagnostics, advanced diagnostics in bladder voiding disorders and finally imaging diagnostics in the pediatric urological operating room.Diagnostik und Therapie von kinderurologischen Patienten und Patientinnen können im klinischen Alltag äußerst herausfordernd sein. Im Vergleich zu erwachsenen Patienten stehen bei der Diagnostik kongenitaler Erkrankungen neben einer Erwartungshaltung der Eltern des Kindes anspruchsvollere Untersuchungen, erhöhter Zeitaufwand und limitierte Optionen im Vordergrund. Die genaue Kenntnis der diagnostischen Möglichkeiten in Verbindung mit der richtigen Indikationsstellung ist hier essenziell. Einfache Prozesse können aufgrund der fehlenden Compliance besonders kleiner Kinder wesentlich zeitaufwendiger sein. Die Sonographie gilt als der Standard in der bildgebenden Kinderurologie. Ein fundiertes Wissen über die embryonale Entwicklung wie auch über physiologische Prozesse im Laufe der Kindheit trägt zur korrekten Diagnosestellung bei. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit den Möglichkeiten der nuklearmedizinischen Diagnostik, der weiterführenden Diagnostik bei Blasenentleerungsstörungen sowie zuletzt der bildgebenden Diagnostik im kinderurologischen Operationssaal.

The diagnostics and treatment of pediatric urology patients in the clinical routine can be extremely challenging. In comparison to adult patients, congenital diseases, more time consuming examinations and limited options in addition to the parents' expectations must be taken into account in the diagnostic work up. In this first of two parts we will delve into ultrasound diagnostics as the cornerstone in the diagnostic pathway of children with hydronephrosis ans take a closer look on contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Conventional voiding cystourethrography still plays a major role in the diagnostic pathway of vesicoureteric reflux and will be treated in this article. Computed tomography should only be considered in pediatric patients in rare cases, always taking radiation into critical account. Magnetic resonance imaging provides an excellent anatomical overview without exposing the child to unnecessary radiation. This article provides an overview on the diagnostic imaging studies in pediatric urology and brings tips for the diagnostic evaluation.Die Diagnostik und die Therapie von kinderurologischen Patienten und Patientinnen können im klinischen Alltag äußerst herausfordernd sein. Im Vergleich zu erwachsenen Patienten stehen bei der Diagnostik kongenitaler Erkrankungen anspruchsvollere Untersuchungen, erhöhter Zeitaufwand und limitierte Optionen neben einer Erwartungshaltung der Eltern des Kindes im Vordergrund. Die genaue Kenntnis der diagnostischen Möglichkeiten in Verbindung mit der richtigen Indikationsstellung ist hier essenziell. Dieser erste von zwei Beitragsteilen widmet sich zum Einen der Sonographie als primärer Standarduntersuchungsmethode in der Kinderurologie und geht im speziellen auf das contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) ein. Das konventionelle Röntgenunterstützte Miktionszystourethrographie ist weiterhin fester Bestandteil des Diagnosealgorithmus des vesikoureterorenalen Refluxes und wird in dieser Arbeit eingängig behandelt. Der Einsatz der CT beschränkt sich aufgrund der Strahlenexposition in der Kinderurologie auf die Abklärung des schweren Polytraumas, und in Ausnahmefällen auf die Tumor- bzw. Steindiagnostik. Die Magnetresonanztomographie ermöglicht eine hervorragende anatomische Beurteilung des gesamten Urogenitaltraktes, ohne das Kind einer unnötigen Strahlenexposition auszusetzen. Diese Fortbildungseinheit gibt Ihnen eine aktuelle Übersicht und bietet einige Tipps und Tricks in der kinderurologischen Diagnostik.

In recent years, the implementation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in clinical practice has opened new horizons in the arterial pathologies research field, since this technique is able to supply new sets of data that can be crucial in patient management. The main applications of CEUS in the arterial system are the detection, characterization, and follow-up of carotid plaques and endoleaks after EVAR. Other situations in which CEUS was demonstrated to be a useful tool are large vessel vasculitis, dissections, and untreated aneurysms. In carotid atherosclerosis CEUS is not only able to acquire quantitative data about stenosis but also to perform a qualitative assessment of the plaque. The most important plaque features that CEUS is able to depict are ulceration, neovascularization, and the presence of inflammatory infiltrates. All of these factors contribute to plaque vulnerability. Thus, CEUS is crucial in order to allow better risk stratification and management of patients. In follow-up after EVAR, CEUS shows sensitivity and specificity values similar to CTA while ensuring several advantages, such as lower cost and the absence of ionizing radiation and nephrotoxic agents. Moreover, CEUS is able to offer real-time evaluation of endoleaks and thus is a useful tool in cases that are ambiguous on CTA. Most limitations are patient-related and are the same as in all other ultrasound techniques, such as high BMI and meteorism. In den letzten Jahren hat der Einsatz des kontrastverstarkten Ultraschalls (CEUS) in der klinischen Praxis neue Horizonte auf dem Forschungsgebiet der arteriellen Pathologien eroffnet, da diese Technik neue Datensatze liefern kann, die von entscheidender Bedeutung fur das Patientenmanagement sein konnen. Die Hauptanwendungen von CEUS beim arteriellen System sind Nachweis, Charakterisierung und Verlaufskontrolle von Karotisplaques sowie von Endoleaks nach EVAR. Andere Falle, in denen sich CEUS als nutzliches Instrument erwiesen hat, betreffen die Vaskulitiden groser Gefase, Dissektionen und nicht behandelte Aneurysmen. Bei Arteriosklerose der A. carotis kann CEUS nicht nur quantitative Daten zur Stenose erfassen, sondern auch eine qualitative Beurteilung der Plaque durchfuhren. Die wichtigsten Plaque-Merkmale, die CEUS darstellen kann, sind Ulzeration, Neovaskularisation und das Vorhandensein von entzundlichen Infiltraten. Alle diese Faktoren tragen zur Vulnerabilitat der Plaque bei. Daher ist CEUS von entscheidender Bedeutung, um die Risikostratifizierung und das Management der Patienten zu verbessern. In der Nachsorge nach EVAR zeigt CEUS ahnliche Sensitivitats- und Spezifitatswerte wie die CTA und bietet gleichzeitig mehrere Vorteile, wie z. B. geringere Kosten sowie Verzicht auf Strahlenbelastung und auf nephrotoxische Substanzen. Daruber hinaus ermoglicht CEUS die Echtzeit-Evaluierung von Endoleaks, ein wertvolles Instrument fur Falle, in denen die CTA nicht eindeutig ist. Die meisten Einschrankungen sind patientenbezogen und bei allen anderen Ultraschalltechniken gleich, wie z. B. ein hoher BMI und Meteorismus.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical features associated with benign histopathology of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) category 4 and 5 lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2015 and November 2020, 1161 patients underwent mpMRI/Ultrasound-fusion-guided prostate biopsy (FBx) and concurrent 12-core systematic prostate biopsy (SBx) at the Department of Urology of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany. 848/ 1161 (73%) patients presented with either PI-RADS 4 or 5 index lesion and were retrospectively evaluated. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate clinical parameters associated with a negative outcome of PI-RADS 4 or 5 category lesions after FBx. Area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC) was conducted using ROC-analysis. RESULTS: 676/848 (79.7%) patients with either PI-RADS 4 or 5 index lesion were diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) by FBx and 172/848 (20.3%) patients had a negative biopsy (including the concurrent systematic prostate biopsy), respectively. Prostate volume (P-Vol) (OR 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98–1.00, p = 0.038), pre-biopsy-status (OR 0.48, 95% CI = 0.29–0.79, p = 0.004) and localization of the lesion in the transitional zone (OR 0.28, 95% CI = 0.13–0.60, p = 0.001) were independent risk factors for a negative outcome of FBx. Age (OR 1.09, 95% CI = 1.05–1.13, p

For evaluating unclear tumorous lesions, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) is an important imaging modality in addition to contrast-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and may provide valuable insights into the microvascularization of tumors in dynamic examinations. In interventional procedures, CEUS can make a valuable contribution in pre-, peri-, and post-interventional settings, reduce radiation exposure and, under certain circumstances, decrease the number of interventions needed for patients.

BACKGROUND: Popliteal artery aneurysms (PAA) are the most common peripheral artery aneurysms. Most common cause is arteriosclerosis. Acute thromboembolic limb ischemia and rupture of the PAA depict severe complications. Diagnostic tools for identifying PAAs are (Doppler) ultrasound, CT/MR angiography and DSA. PURPOSE: The aim of the present retrospective single-center study is to assess the application and safety of CEUS for assessing untreated and treated PAAs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 13 patients were included in this study on whom CEUS was performed between 2007–2016. CEUS examinations were performed and interpreted by an experienced single radiologist (EFSUMB Level 3). RESULTS: CEUS allowed for the detection of PAAs in all cases. CEUS allowed for detection of partial thrombosis of PAA in 7/8 of untreated patients, proper exclusion of PAA upon femoro-popliteal bypass in 3 patients, incomplete exclusion of PAA upon femoro-popliteal bypass in 1 patient and ruling out of in-stent stenosis in 1 patient. CONCLUSION: CEUS is a useful and safe tool for in real-time evaluation of PAAs in the pre-/post-treatment status. In addition to conventional (Doppler) ultrasound and as an alternative tool to more elaborate imaging modalities, CEUS might be integrated in the future diagnostic work-up and follow-up of PAA patients.

Die Lungen- und Thoraxsonographie ist neben der Computertomographie und der Labordiagnostik eine weitere Untersuchungsmodalitat bei der COVID-19-Erkrankung. Sie eignet sich zur Erweiterung der klinisch-korperlichen Untersuchung, weil sie sensitiv die Lungenoberflache untersuchen kann. Diese verandert sich in den Sonogrammen mit bislang haufig beschriebenen Mustern bei Patienten mit COVID-19-Pneumonie und im Krankheitsverlauf. Deutsche Fachgesellschaften der klinischen Akut‑, Notfall- und Intensivmedizin sowie der Bildgebung, die mit der Versorgung von Patienten mit SARS-CoV-2-Infektion und der COVID-19-Erkrankung befasst sind, haben unter der Fuhrung der Deutschen Gesellschaft Interdisziplinare Notfall- und Akutmedizin e. V. (DGINA) Empfehlungen zur Lungen- und Thoraxsonographie abgestimmt. Das Dokument wurde uber einen transparenten Prozess durch eine Expertengruppe und Delegierte der Fachgesellschaften erstellt. Quellen der ersten internationalen 200 Fallanalysen wurden zusammengefasst. Bislang haufig beschriebene thoraxsonographische Muster werden vorgestellt. Anhand von Fallbeispielen und multimedialen Inhalten soll das Dokument die Anwender unterstutzen und Qualitatsmerkmale und das Potenzial der Thorax- und Lungensonographie aufzeigen. Die Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Ultraschall in der Medizin e. V. (DEGUM) fuhrt dazu eine Multizenterstudie durch (Studienkoordination TU Munchen).

PURPOSE: Contrast-enhanced-ultrasound (CEUS) has been frequently used in assessment of cystic renal lesions. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the Bosniak classification in CEUS compared to CT and MRI in a multi-center setting. METHODS: Bosniak classification in CEUS examinations of cystic renal lesions were compared to imaging findings in computed-tomography (ceCT) and magnetic-resonance-imaging (ceMRI). Imaging results were correlated to histopathological reports. All examinations were performed by experts (EFSUMB level 3) using up-to-date CEUS examination-protocols. RESULTS: Overall, 173 cystic renal lesions were compared to subgroups CT (n = 87) and MRI (n = 86). Using Bosniak-classification 64/87 renal cysts (73.6%) were rated equal compared to CT with upgrade of four lesions (4.6%) and downgrade of 19 lesions (21.8%) by CT (Intra-class-correlation [ICC] coefficient of 0.824 [p

Background Carotid body tumors (CBTs) depict the most common paraganglioma of the head and neck that can metastasize in up to 15% of cases. They develop either sporadically or hereditarily and may produce catecholamines ("functioning CBTs") resulting in associated symptoms like headache, palpitations or flush. Non-functioning CBTs usually present as slowly and often tender growing mass which may affect adjacent cranial nerves. CBTs can be visualized by ultrasound, CT, MRI or angiography. Pre-surgical interventional embolization, surgical resection and radiation therapy are therapeutical options. The aim of this retrospective single-center study is to assess the safe and real-time evaluation of CBTs by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Methods Ten patients with CBT were included in this study on whom CEUS was performed between 2007-2018 (mean age: 62 years). In 6/10 patients, results were confirmed by MRI, 4/12 patients underwent subsequent angiography. CEUS was performed and interpreted by a single consultant radiologist with experience since 2000 (EFSUMB level 3). VueBox® software was used for standardized perfusion quantification. Results CEUS allowed to detect all CBTs and visualize intratumoral microcirculation. Perfusion quantification was performed in 6/10 cases. CBTs showed significantly reduced peak-enhancement (PE), reduced wash-in perfusion index (WiPI) and significantly elevated time to peak (TTP) compared to common carotid arteries (CCA). Conclusions CEUS is a useful and safe tool for identifying CBTs and evaluating intratumoral microperfusion at high spatial and temporal resolutions in real-time. In addition to conventional ultrasound, CT, MRI and digital substraction angiography (DSA), CEUS may be implemented in the future diagnostic work-up and follow-up of CBT patients.

Conventional ultrasound is the main imaging modality in obstetrics for assessing the maternal and fetal status. Up to date, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has not found widespread use in gynecology and obstetrics, but recent studies demonstrate promising results. The aim of the present study is to assess safe and valuable application of CEUS during pregnancy to investigate non-obstetric conditions. Five pregnant patients on whom CEUS was performed between 2019 and 2020 were included in this retrospective single-center study. A total of six CEUS examinations were performed including one CEUS-guided biopsy (mean age: 31 years, mean weeks of pregnancy: 18 weeks). CEUS examinations were performed by a consultant radiologist (EFSUMB level 3). All included pregnant women safely underwent CEUS. Neither maternal nor fetal adverse effects were detected. CEUS critically helped in the diagnostic workup of a desmoid tumor of the abdominal wall, hepatic hemangioma, amebic hepatic abscess, uncomplicated renal cyst and post-inflammatory alteration of the renal cortex and for excluding active abdominal bleeding. In addition, CEUS-guided biopsy was performed to prevent intratumoral hemorrhage. Findings from CEUS prompted immediate treatment in two women, whereas in three women regular obstetric monitoring of the women could be conducted. Our results demonstrate safe and crucial application of off-label CEUS in pregnant women to assess different non-obstetric conditions allowing to prevent additional ionizing CT or application of (gadolinium-based) contrast agent in MRI. Hence, CEUS might add pivotal value for evaluating obstetric and non-obstetric conditions and thereby directing clinical management of pregnant women in the future.

Ultrasound as a non-ionizing imaging procedure is one of the most important diagnostic procedures in everyday clinical practice. The technology is widely used. Due to constant technical innovations, sonographic procedures, such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), sonoelastography, new microvascular Doppler modalities and, as an example of interventional procedures, sonographically controlled microwave ablation (MWA), are becoming increasingly important in diagnostic imaging and interventional medicine alongside CT and MRI. However, this also requires greater expertise, specialization and qualification on the part of users. This review article provides information about the range of technical innovations in ultrasound in recent years and describes the underlying technology, the clinical applications, and their diagnostic value. These are presented in the context of the current literature, explaining their advantages and disadvantages and their clinical value. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), microvascular Doppler modalities, fusion imaging and elastography complement B-scan ultrasound and conventional Doppler procedures for various problems. Microwave ablation (MWA) has a firm place as an ablative procedure for local tumor therapy in different organ systems and can be performed under ultrasound guidance. Thanks to new developments, the possibilities of ultrasound are now greater than ever. Knowledge of the technology, indications, and possible applications of newer procedures is essential for adequate patient care. · Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) allows an increase in sensitivity and specificity in the assessment of parenchymal lesions.. · CEUS allows the microperfusion to be visualized and quantified. For larger vessels, CEUS is an important instrument in diagnosing endoleak after stenting.. · Microvascular Doppler techniques with clutter suppression algorithms allow a more accurate representation of the smallest vessels than regular color or power Doppler.. · Elastography of the liver in diffuse hepatopathies is a noninvasive diagnostic tool to exclude higher grade fibrosis/cirrhosis.. · Microwave ablation (MWA) also offers sonographically controlled ablation of tumors..· Kloth C, Kratzer W, Schmidberger J et al. Ultrasound 2020 - DiagnosticsTherapy: On the Way to Multimodal Ultrasound: Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS), Microvascular Doppler Techniques, Fusion Imaging, Sonoelastography, Interventional Sonography . Fortschr Röntgenstr 2021; 193: 23 - 32. Ultraschall als nichtionisierendes bildgebendes Verfahren stellt eines der wichtigsten diagnostischen Verfahren im Klinikalltag dar. Bei weiter Verbreitung findet es flächendeckenden Einsatz. Durch stetige technische Innovationen gewinnen sonografische Verfahren wie kontrastverstärkter Ultraschall (CEUS), Sono-Elastografie, neue mikrovaskuläre Dopplermodalitäten und als Beispiel für interventionelle Verfahren die sonografisch gesteuerte Mikrowellenablation (MWA) zunehmend an Bedeutung innerhalb der bildgebenden Diagnostik und Intervention neben der CT- und MRT-Schnittbildtechnik. Dies erfordert jedoch auch eine höhere Expertise, Spezialisierung und Qualifikation bei den Anwendern. Dieser Übersichtsartikel informiert über das Spektrum technischer Neuerungen im Ultraschall der letzten Jahre und beschreibt die zugrunde liegende Technik, die klinischen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und deren diagnostischen Stellenwert. Diese werden unter Darlegung von Vor- und Nachteilen sowie ihrer klinischen Wertigkeit im Kontext der aktuellen Literatur vorgestellt. Die Verfahren des kontrastverstärkten Ultraschalls (CEUS), mikrovaskulärer Dopplermodalitäten, der Fusionsbildgebung und der Elastografie ergänzen den B-Bild-Ultraschall und konventionelle Doppler-Verfahren bei unterschiedlichen Fragestellungen. Die Mikrowellenablation (MWA) hat einen festen Stellenwert als ablatives Verfahren zur lokalen Tumortherapie an verschiedenen Organsystemen und kann ultraschallgesteuert erfolgen. Die Möglichkeiten des Ultraschalls sind dank neuer Entwicklungen heutzutage größer denn je. Die Kenntnis über Technik, Indikationen und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten neuerer Verfahren sind für eine adäquate Patientenversorgung obligat. · Kontrastverstärkter Ultraschall (CEUS) steigert die Sensitivität und Spezifität bei der Beurteilung von Parenchymläsionen.. · CEUS ermöglicht die Darstellung und Quantifizierung der Mikroperfusion. Für größere Gefäße ist CEUS ein wichtiges Instrument in der Endoleak-Diagnostik nach Stent-Versorgung.. · Mikrovaskuläre Doppler-Verfahren mit Störungsunterdrückungsalgorithmus erlauben eine genauere Darstellung kleinster Gefäße als der reguläre Farb- oder Powerdoppler.. · Die Elastografie stellt an der Leber bei diffusen Hepatopathien eine nichtinvasive Diagnostik zum Ausschluss einer höhergradigen Fibrose/Zirrhose dar.. · Die Mikrowellenablation (MWA) bietet auch sonografisch gesteuert die Möglichkeit zur Ablation von Tumoren..· Kloth C, Kratzer W, Schmidberger J et al. Ultrasound 2020 – DiagnosticsTherapy: On the Way to Multimodal Ultrasound: Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS), Microvascular Doppler Techniques, Fusion Imaging, Sonoelastography, Interventional Sonography . Fortschr Röntgenstr 2021; 193: 23 – 32.

The present, updated document describes the fourth iteration of recommendations for the hepatic use of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), first initiated in 2004 by the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB). The previous updated editions of the guidelines reflected changes in the available contrast agents and updated the guidelines not only for hepatic but also for non-hepatic applications.The 2012 guideline requires updating as previously the differences of the contrast agents were not precisely described and the differences in contrast phases as well as handling were not clearly indicated. In addition, more evidence has been published for all contrast agents. The update also reflects the most recent developments in contrast agents, including the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval as well as the extensive Asian experience, to produce a truly international perspective.These guidelines and recommendations provide general advice on the use of ultrasound contrast agents (UCA) and are intended to create standard protocols for the use and administration of UCA in liver applications on an international basis to improve the management of patients.

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate and mpMRI-guided biopsy have proved to be a valuable part of the diagnostic pathway for prostate cancer. This review reports on the current results in terms of clinical performance of these diagnostic tools and their role in clinical decision-making.Die multiparametrische Magnetresonanztomographie (mpMRT) der Prostata und die mpMRT-gesteuerte Biopsie sind ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Diagnostik des Prostatakarzinoms. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit berichten wir über die aktuelle Studienlage zur klinischen Anwendung dieser diagnostischen Mittel und bewerten deren Stellenwert in der klinischen Entscheidungsfindung.